Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	KelownaMore information: British Columbia [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	222,162
Population, 2016¹	194,892^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	14.0
Total private dwellings²	102,097
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	94,335
Population density per square kilometre	76.5
Land area in square kilometres	2,902.45
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	222,165
0 to 14 years	30,610
0 to 4 years	8,985
5 to 9 years	10,515
10 to 14 years	11,110
15 to 64 years	141,395
15 to 19 years	11,075
20 to 24 years	13,605
25 to 29 years	14,435
30 to 34 years	14,715
35 to 39 years	14,765
40 to 44 years	13,185
45 to 49 years	12,870
50 to 54 years	13,620
55 to 59 years	16,125
60 to 64 years	17,005
65 years and over	50,155
65 to 69 years	15,050
70 to 74 years	13,115
75 to 79 years	9,065
80 to 84 years	6,405
85 years and over	6,525
85 to 89 years	4,000
90 to 94 years	1,940
95 to 99 years	490
100 years and over	90
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8
15 to 64 years	63.6
65 years and over	22.6
85 years and over	2.9
Average age of the population	44.2
Median age of the population	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	94,335
Single-detached house	46,335
Semi-detached house	4,605
Row house	5,955
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,045
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	21,395
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,585
Other single-attached house	175
Movable dwelling⁴	4,235
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	94,335
1 person	26,830
2 persons	37,700
3 persons	12,545
4 persons	10,975
5 or more persons	6,280
Number of persons in private households	218,525
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	191,550
Married or living common-law	112,825
Married	91,060
Living common-law	21,760
Living common law - Never married	15,165
Living common law - Separated	915
Living common law - Divorced	5,050
Living common law - Widowed	635
Not married and not living common-law	78,730
Not married and not living common law - Never married	48,920
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,035
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	13,995
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,770
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	63,800
2 persons	38,490
3 persons	11,390
4 persons	10,205
5 or more persons	3,715
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	63,800
Total couple families	55,235
Married couples	44,360
With children⁶	19,130
Without children	25,230
Common-law couples	10,875
With children⁶	3,135
Without children	7,740
Total one-parent families	8,560
in which the parent is a woman+	6,495
in which the parent is a man+	2,070
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	218,530
Total - Persons in census families	171,735
Married spouses or common-law partners	110,475
Parents in one-parent families	8,565
Children⁶	52,700
In a two-parent family	40,170
In a one-parent family	12,530
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	46,795
Living alone	26,835
Living with other relatives⁷	4,905
Living with non-relatives only	15,055
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	94,335
One-census-family households without additional persons	55,015
Couple-family households	48,485
With children⁶	19,235
Without children	29,250
One-parent-family households	6,530
Multigenerational households⁸	2,205
Multiple-census-family households⁹	795
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,800
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,690
One-person households	26,830
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	187,950
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	183,630
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	183,820
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	168,530
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,265
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	152,720
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,650
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,120
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	187,970
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	183,655
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	183,865
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,485
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,265
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,805
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,455
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,530
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,810
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	187,965
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,970
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	55,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	187,945
Without total income	4,315
With total income	183,630
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,860
$10,000 to $19,999	20,960
$20,000 to $29,999	28,835
$30,000 to $39,999	24,570
$40,000 to $49,999	21,275
$50,000 to $59,999	17,455
$60,000 to $69,999	13,265
$70,000 to $79,999	10,190
$80,000 to $89,999	7,780
$90,000 to $99,999	5,855
$100,000 and over	19,590
$100,000 to $149,999	12,380
$150,000 and over	7,210
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	187,945
Without after-tax income	4,125
With after-tax income	183,825
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,870
$10,000 to $19,999	21,810
$20,000 to $29,999	32,580
$30,000 to $39,999	28,240
$40,000 to $49,999	24,200
$50,000 to $59,999	18,125
$60,000 to $69,999	12,970
$70,000 to $79,999	9,160
$80,000 to $89,999	6,355
$90,000 to $99,999	4,065
$100,000 and over	11,455
$100,000 to $124,999	5,365
$125,000 and over	6,090
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	187,945
Without employment income	58,680
With employment income	129,270
Under $5,000 (including loss)	18,660
$5,000 to $9,999	10,465
$10,000 to $19,999	15,990
$20,000 to $29,999	12,840
$30,000 to $39,999	11,855
$40,000 to $49,999	11,570
$50,000 to $59,999	10,310
$60,000 to $69,999	8,345
$70,000 to $79,999	6,635
$80,000 to $89,999	5,320
$90,000 to $99,999	4,235
$100,000 and over	13,045
$100,000 to $124,999	5,990
$125,000 and over	7,055
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	187,950
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	179,425
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	179,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,040
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	133,870
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	124,080
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,000
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	187,970
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	179,630
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	179,940
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,260
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	133,825
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,565
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,145
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	187,965
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,470
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	53,015
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4
Employment income (%)	65.0
Government transfers (%)	11.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	94,335
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,830
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	67,505
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	94,335
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,815
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,950
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	67,525
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	94,335
Under $5,000	1,015
$5,000 to $9,999	490
$10,000 to $14,999	805
$15,000 to $19,999	1,695
$20,000 to $24,999	3,600
$25,000 to $29,999	3,025
$30,000 to $34,999	2,965
$35,000 to $39,999	3,590
$40,000 to $44,999	3,565
$45,000 to $49,999	3,515
$50,000 to $59,999	6,970
$60,000 to $69,999	6,725
$70,000 to $79,999	6,455
$80,000 to $89,999	5,955
$90,000 to $99,999	5,465
$100,000 and over	38,495
$100,000 to $124,999	10,985
$125,000 to $149,999	8,320
$150,000 to $199,999	9,900
$200,000 and over	9,290
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	94,335
Under $5,000	1,210
$5,000 to $9,999	505
$10,000 to $14,999	830
$15,000 to $19,999	1,795
$20,000 to $24,999	3,785
$25,000 to $29,999	3,520
$30,000 to $34,999	3,430
$35,000 to $39,999	4,065
$40,000 to $44,999	4,150
$45,000 to $49,999	3,985
$50,000 to $59,999	8,085
$60,000 to $69,999	7,850
$70,000 to $79,999	7,335
$80,000 to $89,999	6,535
$90,000 to $99,999	5,670
$100,000 and over	31,590
$100,000 to $124,999	11,425
$125,000 to $149,999	7,615
$150,000 and over	12,550
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	63,100
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	30,585
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,395
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,005
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	41,885
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	63,150
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,655
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,465
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,865
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	41,690
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	218,525
0 to 17 years	37,105
0 to 5 years	11,010
18 to 64 years	133,885
65 years and over	47,540
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,750
0 to 17 years	3,670
0 to 5 years	1,060
18 to 64 years	11,440
65 years and over	5,635
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6
65 years and over (%)	11.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	206,020
0 to 17 years	35,670
0 to 5 years	10,570
18 to 64 years	127,150
65 years and over	43,200
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,745
0 to 17 years	1,370
0 to 5 years	330
18 to 64 years	6,620
65 years and over	755
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	218,525
In bottom half of the distribution	103,420
In bottom decile	20,775
In second decile	20,490
In third decile	20,355
In fourth decile	20,410
In fifth decile	21,385
In top half of the distribution	115,105
In sixth decile	21,765
In seventh decile	22,200
In eighth decile	23,125
In ninth decile	23,250
In top decile	24,765
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	218,530
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.336
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	219,840
English only	203,305
French only	55
English and French	15,100
Neither English nor French	1,380
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	219,840
English	215,125
French	2,985
English and French	400
Neither English nor French	1,325
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	219,840
Single responses	215,515
Official languages	189,205
English	185,990
French	3,215
Non-official languages	26,305
Indigenous languages³⁹	60
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	5
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	10
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5
Non-Indigenous languages	26,250
Afro-Asiatic languages	745
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	725
Amharic	25
Arabic	620
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	55
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	455
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	430
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,810
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	75
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	35
Ilocano	110
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,430
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	205
Kannada	10
Malayalam	100
Tamil	50
Telugu	40
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	18,630
Albanian	40
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	3,715
Baltic languages	45
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	3,670
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	40
Czech	355
Macedonian	15
Polish	805
Russian	980
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	560
Bosnian	70
Croatian	275
Serbian	205
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	125
Slovene (Slovenian)	100
Ukrainian	675
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	6,135
Frisian	5
High German languages	4,570
German	4,410
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	150
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,280
Afrikaans	240
Dutch	915
Low German, n.o.s.	10
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	100
Vlaams (Flemish)	20
Scandinavian languages	285
Danish	145
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	55
Swedish	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	135
Indo-Iranian languages	5,085
Indo-Aryan languages	4,480
Assamese	0
Bengali	140
Gujarati	125
Hindi	390
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	15
Nepali	60
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,540
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	605
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	5
Pashto	15
Persian languages	565
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	465
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,490
Catalan	5
Italian	845
Portuguese	650
Romanian	320
Spanish	1,655
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	455
Korean	660
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	100
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,030
Chinese languages	2,015
Hakka	20
Mandarin	1,240
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	665
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	130
Lao	15
Thai	110
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	120
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	5
Turkish	100
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	805
Estonian	20
Finnish	150
Hungarian	635
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,325
English and French	835
English and non-official language(s)	3,035
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	320
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	219,840
English	194,225
French	485
Non-official language	5,290
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	5,285
English and French	2,055
English and non-official language(s)	16,830
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	530
Multiple non-official languages	410
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	219,840
Single responses	216,360
Official languages	205,540
English	204,845
French	700
Non-official languages	10,825
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,810
Afro-Asiatic languages	455
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	445
Amharic	5
Arabic	415
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	245
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	870
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	40
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	740
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	130
Kannada	5
Malayalam	65
Tamil	45
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,860
Albanian	20
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,000
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	90
Macedonian	5
Polish	245
Russian	355
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	165
Bosnian	25
Croatian	45
Serbian	90
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,060
Frisian	0
High German languages	805
German	775
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235
Afrikaans	115
Dutch	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	5
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	3,390
Indo-Aryan languages	3,090
Assamese	0
Bengali	80
Gujarati	60
Hindi	195
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,595
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	300
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	285
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	235
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,325
Catalan	5
Italian	165
Portuguese	265
Romanian	115
Spanish	770
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	155
Korean	460
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	75
American Sign Language	55
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,220
Chinese languages	1,215
Hakka	5
Mandarin	840
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	5
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	50
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	40
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	195
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	175
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,480
English and French	280
English and non-official language(s)	3,090
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	60
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	219,840
None	202,910
English	4,700
French	1,650
Non-official language	8,695
Indigenous³⁹	90
Non-Indigenous	8,605
English and French	60
English and non-official language(s)	610
French and non-official language(s)	335
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	865
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	218,530
Official languages	217,150
English	217,115
French	15,160
Non-official languages	36,685
Indigenous languages³⁹	250
Algonquian languages	85
Blackfoot	10
Cree-Innu languages	60
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10
Cree, n.o.s.	35
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	40
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	10
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	85
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	75
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	10
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	10
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10
Non-Indigenous languages	36,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	995
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	975
Amharic	30
Arabic	790
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	115
Maltese	40
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	630
Khmer (Cambodian)	45
Vietnamese	595
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,465
Bikol	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60
Cebuano	195
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	75
Ilocano	160
Indonesian	90
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,255
Waray-Waray	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130
Creole languages	220
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	35
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	120
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	320
Kannada	0
Malayalam	130
Tamil	160
Telugu	60
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	26,590
Albanian	80
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	4,945
Baltic languages	60
Latvian	40
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	4,895
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	50
Czech	425
Macedonian	45
Polish	1,125
Russian	1,800
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	835
Bosnian	160
Croatian	520
Serbian	290
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	125
Slovene (Slovenian)	140
Ukrainian	930
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15
Celtic languages	70
Irish	30
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	8,640
Frisian	0
High German languages	6,535
German	6,445
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	160
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,860
Afrikaans	615
Dutch	1,175
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	100
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	510
Danish	175
Icelandic	30
Norwegian	100
Swedish	235
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20
Greek	160
Indo-Iranian languages	6,850
Indo-Aryan languages	6,045
Assamese	0
Bengali	195
Gujarati	155
Hindi	2,175
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	75
Nepali	50
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,735
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65
Urdu	390
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	815
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	790
Dari	55
Iranian Persian	640
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,255
Catalan	0
Italian	1,465
Portuguese	960
Romanian	405
Spanish	4,930
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	920
Korean	810
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	320
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	45
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	115
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	465
American Sign Language	405
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,465
Chinese languages	2,425
Hakka	20
Mandarin	1,780
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	930
Chinese, n.o.s.	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	225
Lao	15
Thai	215
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	200
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	0
Turkish	175
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	880
Estonian	35
Finnish	190
Hungarian	655
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	218,530
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,420
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,075
Métis	6,690
Inuk (Inuit)	70
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	380
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200
Non-Indigenous identity	205,105
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	218,530
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,000
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	214,530
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	94,335
Owner	66,725
Renter	27,505
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	94,335
Condominium	22,110
Not condominium	72,230
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	94,335
No bedrooms	870
1 bedroom	10,745
2 bedrooms	29,770
3 bedrooms	24,750
4 or more bedrooms	28,205
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	94,335
1 to 4 rooms	28,130
5 rooms	13,855
6 rooms	12,045
7 rooms	10,865
8 or more rooms	29,435
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	94,335
One person or fewer per room	93,275
More than one person per room	1,060
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	94,335
Suitable	91,150
Not suitable	3,185
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	94,335
1960 or before	5,005
1961 to 1980	23,015
1981 to 1990	12,975
1991 to 2000	17,470
2001 to 2005	7,675
2006 to 2010	10,485
2011 to 2015	6,485
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	11,220
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	94,335
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	90,620
Major repairs needed	3,715
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	94,335
One-maintainer household	44,015
Two-maintainer household	44,695
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,625
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	94,335
15 to 24 years	3,585
25 to 34 years	12,550
35 to 44 years	14,780
45 to 54 years	14,755
55 to 64 years	18,990
65 to 74 years	16,420
75 to 84 years	9,530
85 years and over	3,720
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	87,355
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	65,010
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	22,345
30% to less than 100%	19,750
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	94,335
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,395
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20,690
Not suitable only	2,415
Major repairs needed only	2,470
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	575
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,050
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	66,935
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	84,760
In core need	7,205
Not in core need	77,550
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,135
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,618
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	810,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,480
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.7
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,546
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	628
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	680
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	218,525
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,690
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,600
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,390
Métis single ancestry	1,185
Inuit single ancestry	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,465
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,115
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,870
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,215
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	345
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	204,370
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	218,525
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	205,200
Canadian citizens aged under 18	35,620
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	169,580
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	218,525
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	182,660
Immigrants⁸¹	31,575
Before 1980	10,415
1980 to 1990	3,545
1991 to 2000	4,175
2001 to 2010	5,850
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,595
2011 to 2015	3,295
2016 to 2021	4,300
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,290
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	31,575
Under 5 years	3,585
5 to 14 years	5,640
15 to 24 years	6,590
25 to 44 years	13,160
45 years and over	2,605
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	31,575
Americas	4,275
Brazil	210
Colombia	175
El Salvador	110
Guyana	30
Haiti	25
Jamaica	435
Mexico	395
Peru	75
Trinidad and Tobago	55
United States of America	2,215
Other places of birth in Americas	555
Europe	15,375
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175
Croatia	310
France	230
Germany	2,665
Greece	50
Hungary	370
Italy	580
Netherlands	875
Poland	940
Portugal	235
Romania	310
Russian Federation	455
Serbia⁸⁶	135
Ukraine	375
United Kingdom⁸⁷	5,500
Other places of birth in Europe	2,175
Africa	1,360
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	25
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	30
Morocco	20
Nigeria	65
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	770
Other places of birth in Africa	440
Asia	9,750
Afghanistan	65
Iran⁸⁸	430
Iraq	25
Lebanon	110
Syria⁸⁹	290
Turkey	75
China⁹⁰	1,125
Hong Kong⁹¹	235
Korea, South⁹²	510
Taiwan	130
Philippines	2,010
Viet Nam	415
Bangladesh	105
India	2,745
Pakistan	230
Sri Lanka	50
Other places of birth in Asia	1,210
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	810
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,295
Americas	855
Brazil	90
Colombia	50
Haiti	10
Jamaica	200
Mexico	100
United States of America	315
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	70
Europe	830
France	10
Germany	55
Ireland⁹⁶	60
Italy	20
Russian Federation	75
Ukraine	90
United Kingdom⁸⁷	315
Other places of birth in Europe	200
Africa	145
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	10
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	60
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50
Asia	2,290
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	25
China⁹⁰	260
Hong Kong⁹¹	25
India	575
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	0
Israel	20
Japan	35
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	140
Lebanon	20
Nepal	20
Pakistan	65
Philippines	615
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	240
Turkey	25
United Arab Emirates	15
Viet Nam	60
Other places of birth in Asia	105
Oceania and other⁹³	175
Australia	130
Other places of birth⁹⁸	40
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	218,530
First generation¹⁰⁰	38,670
Second generation¹⁰¹	41,440
Third generation or more¹⁰²	138,420
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,160
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,830
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,800
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,025
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,130
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,110
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	95
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,160
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,200
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	885
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,335
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	145
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,245
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	218,530
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,435
South Asian	7,425
Chinese	3,340
Black	2,395
Filipino	2,985
Arab	670
Latin American	1,790
Southeast Asian	1,215
West Asian	825
Korean	885
Japanese	1,645
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	460
Multiple visible minorities	790
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	194,095
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	218,525
Canadian	27,710
English	58,600
Irish	35,930
Scottish	43,410
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,035
German	42,245
Chinese	3,650
Italian	8,965
Indian (India)	4,665
Ukrainian	17,065
Dutch	10,565
Polish	9,575
Québécois	320
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10,255
Filipino	2,815
French Canadian	2,300
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,960
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,235
Métis	5,805
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	5,470
Russian	8,225
Norwegian	8,040
Welsh	5,530
Portuguese	1,620
American	3,880
Spanish	1,655
Swedish	6,105
Hungarian	3,665
Acadian	310
Pakistani	355
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	705
Jewish	1,225
Punjabi	1,420
Vietnamese	750
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260
Greek	980
Jamaican	720
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	575
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,185
Korean	915
Romanian	1,860
Lebanese	555
Iranian	570
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	510
Danish	2,815
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,040
Sikh	1,095
Austrian	3,335
Belgian	1,280
Haitian	65
Hindu	350
Mexican	955
Mennonite	1,185
Swiss	1,720
Finnish	1,730
Sri Lankan	50
Croatian	1,235
Japanese	1,955
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	195
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,745
Muslim	75
Egyptian	110
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	325
Tamil	30
Icelandic	1,395
Colombian	165
Moroccan	40
Czech	1,465
Syrian	450
Guyanese	85
Afghan	80
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130
Serbian	430
Ojibway	300
Newfoundlander	190
Hong Konger	150
Ontarian	205
Persian	305
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150
Turkish	190
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105
Bangladeshi	135
Algerian	0
Brazilian	425
Nigerian	165
Armenian	85
Slovak	695
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	560
Somali	30
Taiwanese	190
Iraqi	35
Salvadorean	115
African Caribbean	65
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	175
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	95
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100
Algonquin	95
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75
Lithuanian	230
South African	770
Australian	1,005
Palestinian	20
Chilean	210
Congolese	20
Nova Scotian	110
Ethiopian	40
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	165
Peruvian	115
Yoruba	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	45
Berber	0
Albanian	90
Maltese	180
Macedonian	75
Slovenian	470
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	335
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	35
Eritrean	15
African Canadian	20
Israeli	150
Mohawk	90
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	480
Bulgarian	120
Albertan	285
Ghanaian	50
Barbadian	90
African American	140
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	320
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	250
Cuban	45
Bosnian	170
Venezuelan	60
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	185
Bengali	30
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	75
Indonesian	230
Laotian	25
Ilocano	95
Northern Irish	215
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	265
British Columbian	880
Ecuadorian	40
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	130
Estonian	135
Kurdish	20
Fijian	185
Jatt	100
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85
Coptic	0
Thai	205
Dominican	25
Nepali	55
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	20
Igbo	75
Byelorussian	90
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	70
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	115
Abenaki	15
Moldovan	135
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130
New Zealander	270
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	105
Malaysian	75
Plains Cree	35
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	185
Buddhist	10
Gaspesian	0
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	35
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	70
Mauritian	35
Kenyan	50
Oji-Cree	20
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	25
Manitoban	130
Cape Bretoner	20
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	35
Mayan	60
Honduran	35
Cherokee	135
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10
Indo-Caribbean	20
Flemish	75
United Empire Loyalist	50
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	45
Sicilian	60
Pashtun	30
Malay	25
Goan	20
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	75
Burmese	40
Mongolian	75
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	20
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10
Igorot	30
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	10
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	30
Costa Rican	40
African Nova Scotian	40
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	40
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	15
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	218,530
Buddhist	1,150
Christian	88,190
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	22,995
Anabaptist	1,210
Anglican	6,905
Baptist	4,125
Catholic	26,940
Christian Orthodox	1,510
Jehovah's Witness	1,685
Latter Day Saints	730
Lutheran	4,010
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	295
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,140
Presbyterian	1,175
Reformed	225
United Church	8,675
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,580
Hindu	1,275
Jewish	725
Muslim	1,760
Sikh	4,200
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,100
No religion and secular perspectives	118,945
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	216,960
Non-movers	180,600
Movers	36,355
Non-migrants	20,215
Migrants	16,145
Internal migrants	14,590
Intraprovincial migrants	8,670
Interprovincial migrants	5,915
External migrants	1,555
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,560
Non-movers	105,495
Movers	104,065
Non-migrants	39,160
Migrants	64,905
Internal migrants	57,245
Intraprovincial migrants	37,285
Interprovincial migrants	19,955
External migrants	7,660
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	187,970
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,365
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	160,600
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,825
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,350
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	105,475
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	187,965
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,700
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	58,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	107,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,050
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,590
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,465
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40,595
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,360
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,150
Bachelor's degree	27,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,905
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,345
Master's degree	8,555
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,555
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,825
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,025
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,285
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,515
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,180
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,355
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,830
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	28,380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,130
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,825
Bachelor's degree	21,085
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,090
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,010
Master's degree	6,510
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,125
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	187,965
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80,810
Education	7,815
13. Education	7,815
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,630
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	630
50. Visual and performing arts	3,000
Humanities	4,580
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365
23. English language and literature/letters	1,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,370
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	315
39. Theology and religious vocations	710
54. History	480
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,040
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,600
22. Legal professions and studies	1,910
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180
42. Psychology	2,335
45. Social sciences	2,975
Business, management and public administration	22,790
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,600
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,145
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,070
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,720
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,075
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80
40. Physical sciences	1,070
41. Science technologies/technicians	120
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,125
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,425
25. Library science	195
27. Mathematics and statistics	410
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	95
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,945
04. Architecture and related services	630
14. Engineering	3,505
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,980
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	6,345
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,020
48. Precision production	2,465
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,595
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,680
03. Natural resources and conservation	915
Health and related fields	19,065
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,590
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	16,905
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	510
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,355
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25
43. Security and protective services	655
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,290
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,310
Education	4,725
13. Education	4,725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,695
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	390
50. Visual and performing arts	2,300
Humanities	3,285
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255
23. English language and literature/letters	870
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	960
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235
39. Theology and religious vocations	435
54. History	350
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	920
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,155
22. Legal professions and studies	1,485
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130
42. Psychology	1,705
45. Social sciences	2,240
Business, management and public administration	16,335
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,230
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	690
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55
40. Physical sciences	735
41. Science technologies/technicians	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,495
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,050
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	265
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,020
04. Architecture and related services	455
14. Engineering	2,595
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,445
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	4,605
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,345
48. Precision production	1,565
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,915
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,195
03. Natural resources and conservation	720
Health and related fields	13,960
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,220
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,330
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	365
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,535
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	440
49. Transportation and materials moving	955
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	115,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,310
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	76,510
Location of study inside Canada	65,730
Same as province or territory of residence	44,610
Different than province or territory of residence	21,120
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,780
Americas	2,995
United States of America	2,285
Mexico	205
Cuba	15
Haiti	10
Jamaica	160
Brazil	160
Colombia	55
Peru	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	70
Europe	3,220
Belgium	45
France	135
Germany	395
Netherlands	135
Switzerland	65
Hungary	40
Moldova¹⁸³	10
Poland	115
Romania	105
Russian Federation	150
Ukraine	130
Ireland⁹⁶	90
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,350
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25
Italy	45
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	345
Africa	450
Nigeria	20
Algeria	0
Morocco	20
Tunisia	0
Egypt	15
South Africa, Republic of	325
Other locations of study in Africa	65
Asia	3,570
Iran⁸⁸	175
Iraq	0
Israel	20
Lebanon	35
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	55
China⁹⁰	330
Taiwan	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	45
Japan	170
Korea, South⁹²	250
Philippines	1,160
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	35
Sri Lanka	15
India	895
Pakistan	75
Other locations of study in Asia	195
Oceania	545
Australia	465
New Zealand	70
Other locations of study in Oceania	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	187,965
In the labour force	119,495
Employed	109,890
Unemployed	9,605
Not in the labour force	68,470
Participation rate	63.6
Employment rate	58.5
Unemployment rate	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	187,965
Did not work¹⁸⁶	68,615
Worked	119,350
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	59,630
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	59,720
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	119,500
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,005
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	117,495
Employee	94,600
Permanent position	78,655
Temporary position	15,945
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,885
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,060
Self-employed¹⁹²	22,890
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	119,500
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,005
All occupations¹⁹¹	117,495
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,455
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,195
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,655
3 Health occupations	10,795
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,445
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,830
6 Sales and service occupations	32,395
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	22,375
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,710
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,655
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	119,500
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,005
All industries¹⁹¹	117,495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,275
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,365
22 Utilities	670
23 Construction	13,695
31-33 Manufacturing	5,895
41 Wholesale trade	3,345
44-45 Retail trade	15,125
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,710
51 Information and cultural industries	2,205
52 Finance and insurance	3,830
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,800
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,570
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,495
61 Educational services	8,330
62 Health care and social assistance	16,690
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,880
72 Accommodation and food services	8,820
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,425
91 Public administration	4,175
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,845
English	125,545
French	150
Non-official language	445
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	440
English and French	910
English and non-official language(s)	1,695
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,845
Single responses	128,470
Official languages	127,720
English	127,415
French	305
Non-official languages	750
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	10
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	740
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	450
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	25
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	230
Indo-Aryan languages	220
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	170
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	60
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135
Chinese languages	135
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	375
English and French	105
English and non-official language(s)	240
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,845
None	126,480
English	445
French	665
Non-official language	1,070
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	1,065
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	120
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,890
Worked at home	21,580
Worked outside Canada	260
No fixed workplace address	18,045
Usual place of work	70,010
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	70,010
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,595
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,095
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,415
Commute to a different province or territory	900
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	88,055
Car, truck or van	76,265
Car, truck or van - as a driver	71,340
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,920
Public transit	2,805
Walked	4,780
Bicycle	1,750
Other method	2,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	88,055
Less than 15 minutes	33,805
15 to 29 minutes	36,475
30 to 44 minutes	11,685
45 to 59 minutes	2,915
60 minutes and over	3,175
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	88,055
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,005
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,820
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	23,525
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,770
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,005
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,920
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	37,910
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,400
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35,510
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	28,260
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,810
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	800
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,010
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,450

Symbol legend

^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 21, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table