Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kitimat-Stikine, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	37,790	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	37,367	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,386	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,306	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	104,307.25	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	37,790	19,300	18,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,785	3,415	3,365	18.0	17.7	18.2
0 to 4 years	2,125	1,050	1,075	5.6	5.4	5.8
5 to 9 years	2,255	1,135	1,120	6.0	5.9	6.1
10 to 14 years	2,410	1,235	1,175	6.4	6.4	6.4
15 to 64 years	24,485	12,660	11,820	64.8	65.6	63.9
15 to 19 years	2,175	1,130	1,040	5.8	5.9	5.6
20 to 24 years	2,000	1,055	950	5.3	5.5	5.1
25 to 29 years	2,515	1,335	1,185	6.7	6.9	6.4
30 to 34 years	2,600	1,320	1,280	6.9	6.8	6.9
35 to 39 years	2,425	1,260	1,165	6.4	6.5	6.3
40 to 44 years	2,300	1,200	1,095	6.1	6.2	5.9
45 to 49 years	2,235	1,125	1,110	5.9	5.8	6.0
50 to 54 years	2,645	1,310	1,335	7.0	6.8	7.2
55 to 59 years	2,810	1,490	1,320	7.4	7.7	7.1
60 to 64 years	2,780	1,435	1,345	7.4	7.4	7.3
65 years and over	6,520	3,225	3,300	17.3	16.7	17.8
65 to 69 years	2,285	1,200	1,085	6.0	6.2	5.9
70 to 74 years	1,810	915	895	4.8	4.7	4.8
75 to 79 years	1,140	580	555	3.0	3.0	3.0
80 to 84 years	770	325	445	2.0	1.7	2.4
85 years and over	515	200	310	1.4	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	330	145	185	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	145	45	100	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	17.7	18.2	18.0	17.7	18.2
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	63.9	64.8	65.6	63.9
65 years and over	17.3	16.7	17.8	17.3	16.7	17.8
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	40.8	40.5	41.0	40.8	40.5	41.0
Median age of the population	40.8	40.4	41.2	40.8	40.4	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,895	...	...	71.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	895	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	930	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	470	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,080	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	975	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,385	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	5,445	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 persons	2,245	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	1,895	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,335	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,270	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	31,000	15,885	15,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	17,355	8,705	8,655	56.0	54.8	57.2
Married	12,395	6,240	6,155	40.0	39.3	40.7
Living common-law	4,960	2,460	2,500	16.0	15.5	16.5
Living common law - Never married	3,895	1,930	1,960	12.6	12.1	13.0
Living common law - Separated	225	115	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	745	380	365	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	100	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	13,645	7,180	6,465	44.0	45.2	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,265	5,515	3,750	29.9	34.7	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	960	460	500	3.1	2.9	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,710	790	915	5.5	5.0	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,715	415	1,305	5.5	2.6	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,830	...	...	54.9	...	...
3 persons	2,185	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	1,730	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	885	...	...	8.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,490	...	...	79.9	...	...
Married couples	6,010	...	...	56.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,815	...	...	26.5	...	...
Without children	3,195	...	...	30.1	...	...
Common-law couples	2,480	...	...	23.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,120	...	...	10.5	...	...
Without children	1,360	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,135	...	...	20.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,480	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	650	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,270	19,065	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	30,005	15,040	14,970	80.5	78.9	82.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,985	8,470	8,515	45.6	44.4	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	2,130	655	1,480	5.7	3.4	8.1
Children⁶	10,890	5,910	4,975	29.2	31.0	27.3
In a two-parent family	7,505	4,000	3,505	20.1	21.0	19.3
In a one-parent family	3,385	1,910	1,475	9.1	10.0	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,260	4,030	3,235	19.5	21.1	17.8
Living alone	4,390	2,365	2,030	11.8	12.4	11.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,320	700	620	3.5	3.7	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,555	965	590	4.2	5.1	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,925	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	7,490	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,435	...	...	22.4	...	...
Without children	4,050	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,440	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	525	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	665	...	...	4.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	710	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	4,390	...	...	28.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,490	15,645	14,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,565	15,235	14,330	97.0	97.4	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	36,800	42,000	50,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,580	15,245	14,335	97.0	97.4	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,285	13,225	12,060	82.9	84.5	81.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,400	30,200	38,400	48,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,595	11,625	9,965	70.8	74.3	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,400	32,800	40,000	50,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,275	11,810	12,460	79.6	75.5	84.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,600	10,900	10,400	9,600	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,755	1,975	1,780	12.3	12.6	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,160	5,520	5,960	6,160	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,005	3,340	3,670	23.0	21.3	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,535	15,180	14,360	96.9	97.0	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,900	61,550	43,800	52,900	61,550	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,550	15,190	14,365	96.9	97.1	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	51,600	38,720	45,360	51,600	38,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,375	13,185	12,190	83.2	84.3	82.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	60,650	39,280	50,360	60,650	39,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,595	11,565	10,030	70.8	73.9	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	60,050	40,720	51,080	60,050	40,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,230	11,705	12,525	79.5	74.8	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,750	11,480	12,000	11,750	11,480	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,655	1,970	1,680	12.0	12.6	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080	7,360	6,750	7,080	7,360	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,965	3,305	3,660	22.8	21.1	24.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,560	8,520	8,540	8,560	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,670	5,485	4,185	31.7	35.1	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	79,500	54,400	67,000	79,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,300	85,100	62,400	75,300	85,100	62,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,465	4,220	4,245	27.8	27.0	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	27,400	21,600	24,000	27,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280	44,480	28,120	36,280	44,480	28,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	85.6	76.0	81.8	85.6	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	74.4	65.0	70.6	74.4	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	14.4	23.9	18.2	14.4	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	3.8	6.6	4.9	3.8	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.0	5.0	3.8	3.0	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,490	15,650	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	925	415	510	3.0	2.7	3.4
With total income	29,570	15,235	14,330	97.0	97.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,985	1,360	1,625	10.1	8.9	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,370	1,475	1,900	11.4	9.7	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,090	1,830	2,260	13.8	12.0	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,595	1,590	2,010	12.2	10.4	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,170	1,365	1,805	10.7	9.0	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,685	1,280	1,400	9.1	8.4	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,030	1,075	955	6.9	7.1	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,525	880	645	5.2	5.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	780	475	4.3	5.1	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	690	345	3.5	4.5	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,815	2,915	895	12.9	19.1	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	2,840	2,110	735	9.6	13.8	5.1
$150,000 and over	970	800	165	3.3	5.3	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,490	15,650	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	910	405	500	3.0	2.6	3.4
With after-tax income	29,585	15,240	14,340	97.0	97.4	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,065	1,385	1,680	10.4	9.1	11.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,450	1,505	1,940	11.7	9.9	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,635	2,085	2,550	15.7	13.7	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,055	1,775	2,280	13.7	11.6	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,680	1,675	2,000	12.4	11.0	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,830	1,470	1,365	9.6	9.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,105	1,240	870	7.1	8.1	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,535	980	560	5.2	6.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,335	920	420	4.5	6.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	925	680	240	3.1	4.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,965	1,535	430	6.6	10.1	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,305	1,005	300	4.4	6.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	655	525	130	2.2	3.4	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,490	15,650	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,895	4,025	4,875	29.2	25.7	32.8
With employment income	21,595	11,630	9,970	70.8	74.3	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,935	1,555	1,375	13.6	13.4	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	1,405	590	810	6.5	5.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,455	1,105	1,345	11.4	9.5	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,015	900	1,115	9.3	7.7	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,980	870	1,110	9.2	7.5	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,785	740	1,045	8.3	6.4	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,620	755	865	7.5	6.5	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,345	725	620	6.2	6.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,115	675	440	5.2	5.8	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	980	655	325	4.5	5.6	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	820	540	285	3.8	4.6	2.9
$100,000 and over	3,145	2,515	630	14.6	21.6	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,600	1,215	385	7.4	10.4	3.9
$125,000 and over	1,545	1,295	245	7.2	11.1	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,490	15,645	14,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,790	14,795	13,995	94.4	94.6	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	33,200	39,600	49,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,885	14,810	14,070	94.7	94.7	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,600	30,600	36,000	43,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,155	13,160	11,995	82.5	84.1	80.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,400	30,200	38,000	48,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,055	11,785	10,270	72.3	75.3	69.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	49,600	31,200	38,400	49,600	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,285	9,455	10,830	66.5	60.4	73.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,850	8,100	8,000	7,850	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,365	1,810	1,555	11.0	11.6	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,800	5,640	5,760	5,800	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,725	14,725	14,000	94.2	94.1	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,520	59,400	41,160	50,520	59,400	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,810	14,740	14,070	94.5	94.2	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	49,360	35,720	42,680	49,360	35,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,090	13,080	12,005	82.3	83.6	80.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	59,800	39,320	50,000	59,800	39,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,905	11,670	10,235	71.8	74.6	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,880	59,150	39,360	49,880	59,150	39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,200	9,370	10,835	66.3	59.9	73.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,730	9,860	9,630	9,730	9,860	9,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,270	1,785	1,480	10.7	11.4	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,280	7,120	7,480	7,280	7,120	7,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,580	5,440	4,135	31.4	34.8	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	75,000	50,000	62,000	75,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	80,500	57,950	70,800	80,500	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,955	3,980	3,980	26.1	25.4	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,400	25,200	29,000	34,400	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,480	49,600	31,360	40,480	49,600	31,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.4	81.8	86.4	89.4	81.8
Employment income (%)	75.4	78.8	70.0	75.4	78.8	70.0
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.6	18.1	13.6	10.6	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.9	1.6	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	57,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,080	...	...	48,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	150	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	340	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	565	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	500	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	505	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	570	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	570	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,125	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,050	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	945	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	925	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	835	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,505	...	...	42.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,800	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,475	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,850	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,380	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	335	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	575	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	520	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	540	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	635	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	670	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,230	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,095	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,060	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	905	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,380	...	...	35.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,025	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,370	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,985	...	...	13.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,945	3,325	2,615	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	45,200	39,200	42,000	45,200	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,400	36,000	38,400	40,400	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...	145,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,700	...	...	124,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,600	...	...	80,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,960	3,315	2,640	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,500	56,500	49,760	53,500	56,500	49,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,320	47,600	42,440	45,320	47,600	42,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,270	19,070	18,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,130	4,115	4,015	21.8	21.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	2,535	1,260	1,275	6.8	6.6	7.0
18 to 64 years	22,865	11,775	11,095	61.3	61.7	61.0
65 years and over	6,275	3,180	3,095	16.8	16.7	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,445	2,235	2,210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,220	635	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	385	190	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,300	1,160	1,135	...	...	...
65 years and over	925	435	490	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.7	12.2	11.9	11.7	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	15.5	14.6	15.0	15.5	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.0	15.5	15.2	15.0	15.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.9	10.2	10.1	9.9	10.2
65 years and over (%)	14.7	13.6	15.8	14.7	13.6	15.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,125	15,320	14,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,295	3,175	3,120	20.9	20.7	21.1
0 to 5 years	2,040	1,010	1,030	6.8	6.6	7.0
18 to 64 years	18,650	9,550	9,100	61.9	62.3	61.5
65 years and over	5,180	2,600	2,580	17.2	17.0	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	735	370	370	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	150	75	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	20	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	520	270	250	...	...	...
65 years and over	65	20	40	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.2	0.8	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,270	19,070	18,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,220	9,085	9,135	48.9	47.6	50.2
In bottom decile	4,070	2,060	2,005	10.9	10.8	11.0
In second decile	3,655	1,775	1,880	9.8	9.3	10.3
In third decile	3,500	1,720	1,775	9.4	9.0	9.8
In fourth decile	3,275	1,620	1,655	8.8	8.5	9.1
In fifth decile	3,720	1,910	1,810	10.0	10.0	9.9
In top half of the distribution	19,050	9,980	9,065	51.1	52.3	49.8
In sixth decile	3,335	1,695	1,635	8.9	8.9	9.0
In seventh decile	3,720	1,940	1,780	10.0	10.2	9.8
In eighth decile	3,960	2,045	1,915	10.6	10.7	10.5
In ninth decile	4,150	2,195	1,950	11.1	11.5	10.7
In top decile	3,890	2,100	1,790	10.4	11.0	9.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,270	...	...	37,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	37,415	19,145	18,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	35,210	18,080	17,135	94.1	94.4	93.8
French only	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,045	1,005	1,040	5.5	5.2	5.7
Neither English nor French	130	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	37,415	19,145	18,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,595	18,710	17,885	97.8	97.7	97.9
French	615	350	265	1.6	1.8	1.5
English and French	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	125	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	37,415	19,145	18,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,980	18,410	17,575	96.2	96.2	96.2
Official languages	32,005	16,445	15,560	85.5	85.9	85.2
English	31,345	16,075	15,270	83.8	84.0	83.6
French	660	370	285	1.8	1.9	1.6
Non-official languages	3,975	1,960	2,010	10.6	10.2	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,030	535	495	2.8	2.8	2.7
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	765	395	375	2.0	2.1	2.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	465	245	225	1.2	1.3	1.2
Nisga'a	265	135	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tsimshian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wakashan languages	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haisla	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Heiltsuk	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,945	1,430	1,515	7.9	7.5	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	250	85	160	0.7	0.4	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	65	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,270	1,130	1,145	6.1	5.9	6.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	85	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	660	325	340	1.8	1.7	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	420	210	215	1.1	1.1	1.2
German	405	195	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	90	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	550	300	245	1.5	1.6	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	540	300	240	1.4	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	420	225	190	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	875	405	465	2.3	2.1	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	665	310	355	1.8	1.6	1.9
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,435	730	700	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	225	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,120	590	530	3.0	3.1	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	37,415	19,145	18,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,785	16,825	15,960	87.6	87.9	87.4
French	195	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	645	305	340	1.7	1.6	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	530	250	285	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and French	420	215	205	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,240	1,640	1,600	8.7	8.6	8.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	37,415	19,145	18,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,785	18,815	17,970	98.3	98.3	98.4
Official languages	35,430	18,145	17,285	94.7	94.8	94.6
English	35,170	18,010	17,160	94.0	94.1	93.9
French	260	130	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	1,350	665	685	3.6	3.5	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	215	120	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	175	95	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nisga'a	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tsimshian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haisla	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,135	550	585	3.0	2.9	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	805	390	410	2.2	2.0	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	55	30	30	0.1	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	205	165	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	365	205	165	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	30	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	170	140	0.8	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	105	165	0.7	0.5	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	195	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	630	330	300	1.7	1.7	1.6
English and French	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	515	265	250	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	37,415	19,145	18,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,185	17,520	16,665	91.4	91.5	91.2
English	665	350	315	1.8	1.8	1.7
French	285	140	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	1,990	995	995	5.3	5.2	5.4
Indigenous³⁹	985	515	465	2.6	2.7	2.5
Non-Indigenous	1,000	475	525	2.7	2.5	2.9
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,270	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,185	19,045	18,140	99.8	99.9	99.6
English	37,165	19,045	18,125	99.7	99.9	99.6
French	1,985	950	1,030	5.3	5.0	5.7
Non-official languages	6,650	3,380	3,265	17.8	17.7	17.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,710	1,400	1,305	7.3	7.3	7.2
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	370	220	145	1.0	1.2	0.8
Northern Athabaskan languages	370	220	145	1.0	1.2	0.8
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	190	120	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	190	120	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	140	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	2,065	1,045	1,020	5.5	5.5	5.6
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	995	495	500	2.7	2.6	2.7
Nisga'a	920	500	425	2.5	2.6	2.3
Tsimshian	185	70	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Wakashan languages	275	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haisla	250	135	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Heiltsuk	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	3,965	1,995	1,970	10.6	10.5	10.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	85	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	50	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	50	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	360	140	220	1.0	0.7	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	110	210	0.9	0.6	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,000	1,580	1,420	8.0	8.3	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	135	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	135	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	820	400	420	2.2	2.1	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	580	285	295	1.6	1.5	1.6
German	580	285	295	1.6	1.5	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	125	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afrikaans	100	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	125	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	700	420	280	1.9	2.2	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	695	415	275	1.9	2.2	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	345	230	110	0.9	1.2	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	510	290	215	1.4	1.5	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,300	645	655	3.5	3.4	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	840	410	425	2.3	2.1	2.3
Romanian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	320	160	160	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	10	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	55	10	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	45	110	0.4	0.2	0.6
Chinese languages	155	45	110	0.4	0.2	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	30	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,275	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,415	6,735	6,680	36.0	35.3	36.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,120	6,620	6,505	35.2	34.7	35.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,865	5,980	5,885	31.8	31.4	32.3
Métis	1,220	615	600	3.3	3.2	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	25	65	0.3	0.1	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous identity	23,855	12,330	11,525	64.0	64.7	63.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,275	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,450	5,275	5,175	28.0	27.7	28.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	26,820	13,790	13,030	72.0	72.3	71.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,545	...	...	68.9	...	...
Renter	3,390	...	...	22.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,370	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	845	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not condominium	14,465	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,110	...	...	7.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,470	...	...	22.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,660	...	...	37.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,985	...	...	32.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,555	...	...	23.2	...	...
5 rooms	2,905	...	...	19.0	...	...
6 rooms	2,345	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	1,980	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,520	...	...	29.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,980	...	...	97.9	...	...
More than one person per room	325	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	14,500	...	...	94.7	...	...
Not suitable	805	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,570	...	...	16.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,165	...	...	40.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,315	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,195	...	...	14.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	385	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	495	...	...	3.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	460	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	725	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,975	...	...	84.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,330	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,810	...	...	51.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,570	...	...	42.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	925	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	455	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,275	...	...	14.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,430	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,680	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,350	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,570	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,250	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	305	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,105	...	...	86.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,670	...	...	13.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,505	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,320	...	...	28.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,390	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not suitable only	560	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,895	...	...	12.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	225	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,985	...	...	71.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,150	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not in core need	11,465	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.9	...	...	56.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,173	...	...	1,173	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	372,000	...	...	372,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	391,600	...	...	391,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.6	...	...	24.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.4	...	...	18.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,102	...	...	1,102	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,370	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	499	...	...	499	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,270	19,065	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,765	4,985	4,780	26.2	26.1	26.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	9,705	4,960	4,740	26.0	26.0	26.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,355	4,770	4,580	25.1	25.0	25.2
Métis single ancestry	335	175	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,670	1,810	1,855	9.8	9.5	10.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,565	1,760	1,805	9.6	9.2	9.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,980	1,465	1,510	8.0	7.7	8.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	590	300	290	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	23,835	12,270	11,565	64.0	64.4	63.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,270	19,065	18,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	35,965	18,395	17,565	96.5	96.5	96.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,090	4,120	3,960	21.7	21.6	21.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	27,875	14,275	13,600	74.8	74.9	74.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,310	670	640	3.5	3.5	3.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,270	19,065	18,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,345	17,115	16,235	89.5	89.8	89.2
Immigrants⁸¹	3,405	1,635	1,775	9.1	8.6	9.8
Before 1980	1,790	870	920	4.8	4.6	5.1
1980 to 1990	360	190	170	1.0	1.0	0.9
1991 to 2000	290	130	165	0.8	0.7	0.9
2001 to 2010	330	170	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	635	275	355	1.7	1.4	2.0
2011 to 2015	280	155	125	0.8	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	355	125	230	1.0	0.7	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	520	325	200	1.4	1.7	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,405	1,630	1,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	405	185	215	11.9	11.3	12.1
5 to 14 years	690	410	275	20.3	25.2	15.5
15 to 24 years	805	385	420	23.6	23.6	23.7
25 to 44 years	1,300	570	725	38.2	35.0	40.8
45 years and over	215	80	135	6.3	4.9	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,405	1,630	1,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	490	185	300	14.4	11.3	16.9
Brazil	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Colombia	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.1
Peru	30	10	25	0.9	0.6	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	360	155	210	10.6	9.5	11.8
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	15	0.9	0.6	0.8
Europe	1,785	875	905	52.4	53.7	51.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
Germany	250	120	130	7.3	7.4	7.3
Greece	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italy	75	35	35	2.2	2.1	2.0
Netherlands	105	50	55	3.1	3.1	3.1
Poland	50	20	30	1.5	1.2	1.7
Portugal	480	235	240	14.1	14.4	13.5
Romania	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450	230	220	13.2	14.1	12.4
Other places of birth in Europe	235	105	125	6.9	6.4	7.0
Africa	225	150	80	6.6	9.2	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Somalia	40	40	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	45	2.5	2.8	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	60	40	20	1.8	2.5	1.1
Asia	825	375	450	24.2	23.0	25.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	20	45	1.9	1.2	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	1.0	1.2	0.8
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.1
Philippines	285	110	175	8.4	6.7	9.9
Viet Nam	40	25	10	1.2	1.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	260	135	125	7.6	8.3	7.0
Pakistan	25	20	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	35	1.6	1.2	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	45	40	2.5	2.8	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	355	125	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	10	50	16.9	8.0	21.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	0	35	11.3	0.0	15.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	4.2	0.0	4.3
Europe	50	20	35	14.1	16.0	15.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10	5.6	12.0	4.3
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	4.2	0.0	4.3
Africa	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	225	95	130	63.4	76.0	56.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	35	25	18.3	28.0	10.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	35	70	29.6	28.0	30.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	4.2	0.0	6.5
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.3
Australia	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,270	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,185	2,090	2,095	11.2	11.0	11.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,970	2,440	2,530	13.3	12.8	13.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,120	14,535	13,580	75.4	76.2	74.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,615	765	850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	870	470	400	53.9	61.4	47.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	405	250	150	25.1	32.7	17.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	470	220	250	29.1	28.8	29.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	625	210	415	38.7	27.5	48.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	85	30	6.8	11.1	3.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,615	765	850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	20	0	1.2	2.6	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	220	215	26.9	28.8	25.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	30	35	4.3	3.9	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	10	45	3.4	1.3	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,020	480	545	63.2	62.7	64.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,270	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,270	1,150	1,115	6.1	6.0	6.1
South Asian	895	530	365	2.4	2.8	2.0
Chinese	205	70	135	0.6	0.4	0.7
Black	230	125	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Filipino	415	170	245	1.1	0.9	1.3
Arab	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	110	35	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	130	70	65	0.3	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	60	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,005	17,915	17,090	93.9	93.9	93.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,270	19,065	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,040	2,140	1,900	10.8	11.2	10.4
English	7,125	3,630	3,490	19.1	19.0	19.2
Irish	4,870	2,470	2,400	13.1	13.0	13.2
Scottish	5,945	3,050	2,895	16.0	16.0	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,900	1,430	1,465	7.8	7.5	8.0
German	4,860	2,465	2,395	13.0	12.9	13.2
Chinese	270	105	165	0.7	0.6	0.9
Italian	945	455	490	2.5	2.4	2.7
Indian (India)	610	335	275	1.6	1.8	1.5
Ukrainian	1,420	670	750	3.8	3.5	4.1
Dutch	1,715	890	835	4.6	4.7	4.6
Polish	880	430	450	2.4	2.3	2.5
Québécois	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	960	520	435	2.6	2.7	2.4
Filipino	415	180	240	1.1	0.9	1.3
French Canadian	420	235	185	1.1	1.2	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	705	310	395	1.9	1.6	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,565	1,245	1,320	6.9	6.5	7.3
Métis	1,085	545	540	2.9	2.9	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	810	420	395	2.2	2.2	2.2
Russian	485	240	245	1.3	1.3	1.3
Norwegian	1,510	735	780	4.1	3.9	4.3
Welsh	635	325	310	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	1,705	880	820	4.6	4.6	4.5
American	495	235	265	1.3	1.2	1.5
Spanish	250	120	125	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	695	340	360	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hungarian	250	120	135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Acadian	140	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	100	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	85	75	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Vietnamese	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	120	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	440	220	220	1.2	1.2	1.2
Korean	90	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	395	170	230	1.1	0.9	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	175	195	1.0	0.9	1.1
Sikh	120	85	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	295	155	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgian	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Haitian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hindu	100	75	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
Mexican	95	45	45	0.3	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	110	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	250	120	125	0.7	0.6	0.7
Finnish	235	115	120	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	175	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	280	145	130	0.8	0.8	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	150	90	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	120	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	70	65	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,275	19,070	18,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	14,665	7,060	7,605	39.3	37.0	41.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,800	1,305	1,495	7.5	6.8	8.2
Anabaptist	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,050	1,005	1,045	5.5	5.3	5.7
Baptist	405	205	200	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catholic	4,810	2,395	2,420	12.9	12.6	13.3
Christian Orthodox	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	235	120	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	295	150	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	575	285	295	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	585	285	300	1.6	1.5	1.6
Presbyterian	120	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	190	95	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Church	1,565	660	905	4.2	3.5	5.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	845	425	425	2.3	2.2	2.3
Hindu	190	120	75	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	50	10	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	160	120	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
Sikh	415	250	170	1.1	1.3	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	560	300	265	1.5	1.6	1.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	480	215	265	1.3	1.1	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	20,630	10,945	9,685	55.3	57.4	53.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	36,795	18,795	17,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,525	16,620	15,905	88.4	88.4	88.4
Movers	4,260	2,175	2,090	11.6	11.6	11.6
Non-migrants	2,605	1,320	1,285	7.1	7.0	7.1
Migrants	1,660	855	805	4.5	4.5	4.5
Internal migrants	1,520	800	720	4.1	4.3	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,035	525	510	2.8	2.8	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	480	270	210	1.3	1.4	1.2
External migrants	145	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	35,140	18,000	17,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,665	11,050	10,615	61.7	61.4	61.9
Movers	13,475	6,950	6,525	38.3	38.6	38.1
Non-migrants	5,375	2,805	2,570	15.3	15.6	15.0
Migrants	8,095	4,140	3,955	23.0	23.0	23.1
Internal migrants	7,475	3,795	3,675	21.3	21.1	21.4
Intraprovincial migrants	5,755	2,910	2,845	16.4	16.2	16.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,720	885	835	4.9	4.9	4.9
External migrants	620	340	280	1.8	1.9	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,860	4,495	3,365	25.8	28.7	22.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,630	11,150	11,480	74.2	71.3	77.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,050	10,270	9,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,750	2,215	1,535	18.7	21.6	15.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,300	8,060	8,245	81.3	78.5	84.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,810	3,760	3,045	22.3	24.0	20.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,740	4,660	5,085	31.9	29.8	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,940	7,225	6,715	45.7	46.2	45.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,830	5,565	4,255	32.2	35.6	28.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,745	3,060	685	12.3	19.6	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,395	970	425	4.6	6.2	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,350	2,085	260	7.7	13.3	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,220	2,150	3,070	17.1	13.7	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	865	360	505	2.8	2.3	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,115	1,655	2,460	13.5	10.6	16.6
Bachelor's degree	2,730	1,055	1,675	9.0	6.7	11.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	295	115	180	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	115	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	805	335	470	2.6	2.1	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,045	10,270	9,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,110	1,760	1,345	15.5	17.1	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,375	3,185	3,190	31.8	31.0	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,565	5,325	5,245	52.7	51.9	53.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,185	4,020	3,165	35.8	39.1	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,660	2,195	465	13.3	21.4	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,005	715	290	5.0	7.0	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,660	1,485	170	8.3	14.5	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,920	1,570	2,350	19.6	15.3	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	610	255	355	3.0	2.5	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,375	1,300	2,075	16.8	12.7	21.2
Bachelor's degree	2,240	840	1,400	11.2	8.2	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	240	85	155	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	85	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	680	270	405	3.4	2.6	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,545	8,420	8,130	54.3	53.8	54.8
Education	1,065	260	810	3.5	1.7	5.5
13. Education	1,065	260	810	3.5	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	115	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	215	90	125	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	510	260	250	1.7	1.7	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	55	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	105	95	0.7	0.7	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	80	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,005	260	745	3.3	1.7	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	65	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	0	310	1.0	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	90	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	165	55	110	0.5	0.4	0.7
45. Social sciences	290	135	150	1.0	0.9	1.0
Business, management and public administration	2,435	750	1,685	8.0	4.8	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	85	340	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,005	655	1,345	6.6	4.2	9.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	395	200	190	1.3	1.3	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	80	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	110	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	90	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,095	3,780	315	13.4	24.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	290	230	60	1.0	1.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	700	625	80	2.3	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,320	1,250	70	4.3	8.0	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,205	1,155	40	4.0	7.4	0.3
48. Precision production	535	490	40	1.8	3.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	450	205	2.1	2.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	405	150	1.8	2.6	1.0
Health and related fields	2,175	365	1,810	7.1	2.3	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,035	300	1,740	6.7	1.9	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,155	680	480	3.8	4.3	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	670	255	415	2.2	1.6	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	110	30	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	320	35	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,050	10,270	9,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,480	4,945	4,535	47.3	48.1	46.4
Education	790	150	635	3.9	1.5	6.5
13. Education	790	150	635	3.9	1.5	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	180	75	105	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	165	60	100	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	335	160	175	1.7	1.6	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	50	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
54. History	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	870	215	655	4.3	2.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.3	0.1	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	270	0	270	1.3	0.0	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	85	25	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	140	40	100	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	240	110	135	1.2	1.1	1.4
Business, management and public administration	1,990	620	1,365	9.9	6.0	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	370	65	300	1.8	0.6	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,620	550	1,070	8.1	5.4	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	290	125	165	1.4	1.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	60	95	0.7	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	165	100	65	0.8	1.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	130	80	50	0.6	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,935	2,705	230	14.6	26.3	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	240	190	50	1.2	1.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	430	55	2.4	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	995	935	55	5.0	9.1	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	830	805	25	4.1	7.8	0.3
48. Precision production	345	320	30	1.7	3.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	525	350	175	2.6	3.4	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	315	140	2.2	3.1	1.4
Health and related fields	1,560	265	1,290	7.8	2.6	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,465	225	1,240	7.3	2.2	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	930	555	375	4.6	5.4	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	525	210	310	2.6	2.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	110	85	30	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	260	30	1.4	2.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,050	10,270	9,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,480	4,945	4,535	47.3	48.1	46.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,565	5,320	5,240	52.7	51.8	53.6
Location of study inside Canada	9,555	4,830	4,730	47.7	47.0	48.4
Same as province or territory of residence	7,740	3,890	3,850	38.6	37.9	39.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,815	940	870	9.1	9.2	8.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,005	495	515	5.0	4.8	5.3
Americas	280	135	140	1.4	1.3	1.4
United States of America	230	125	100	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	225	120	105	1.1	1.2	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	60	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	100	55	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	350	150	200	1.7	1.5	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	125	45	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	145	70	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	30,490	15,645	14,845	...	...	...
In the labour force	18,835	10,140	8,690	...	...	...
Employed	16,890	9,010	7,875	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,945	1,125	815	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,655	5,505	6,150	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.8	64.8	58.5	61.8	64.8	58.5
Employment rate	55.4	57.6	53.0	55.4	57.6	53.0
Unemployment rate	10.3	11.1	9.4	10.3	11.1	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	30,490	15,645	14,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,460	5,420	6,040	37.6	34.6	40.7
Worked	19,030	10,220	8,810	62.4	65.3	59.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,985	5,660	4,325	32.7	36.2	29.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,045	4,560	4,485	29.7	29.1	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.1	40.9	41.0	41.1	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	18,830	10,140	8,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	485	280	205	2.6	2.8	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,350	9,860	8,490	97.5	97.2	97.6
Employee	16,355	8,730	7,625	86.9	86.1	87.7
Permanent position	13,455	7,215	6,235	71.5	71.2	71.7
Temporary position	2,900	1,510	1,390	15.4	14.9	16.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	855	400	455	4.5	3.9	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,045	1,110	935	10.9	10.9	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,995	1,130	865	10.6	11.1	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	18,830	10,140	8,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	485	280	205	2.6	2.8	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,350	9,860	8,490	97.5	97.2	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	150	90	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,410	545	1,865	12.8	5.4	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,010	735	275	5.4	7.2	3.2
3 Health occupations	1,370	250	1,115	7.3	2.5	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,645	805	1,840	14.0	7.9	21.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	340	100	240	1.8	1.0	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	4,150	1,685	2,460	22.0	16.6	28.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,610	4,195	410	24.5	41.4	4.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	720	595	125	3.8	5.9	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	940	850	90	5.0	8.4	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	18,830	10,140	8,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	485	280	205	2.6	2.8	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	18,350	9,860	8,490	97.5	97.2	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	650	520	125	3.5	5.1	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	550	425	130	2.9	4.2	1.5
22 Utilities	175	145	35	0.9	1.4	0.4
23 Construction	2,130	1,770	355	11.3	17.5	4.1
31-33 Manufacturing	1,485	1,250	230	7.9	12.3	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	400	295	100	2.1	2.9	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	1,985	960	1,025	10.5	9.5	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	975	735	240	5.2	7.2	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	170	95	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	325	75	250	1.7	0.7	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	220	105	120	1.2	1.0	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	825	480	345	4.4	4.7	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	690	435	255	3.7	4.3	2.9
61 Educational services	1,525	445	1,080	8.1	4.4	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	2,620	480	2,145	13.9	4.7	24.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	310	120	190	1.6	1.2	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,010	395	610	5.4	3.9	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	720	330	395	3.8	3.3	4.5
91 Public administration	1,570	805	765	8.3	7.9	8.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	20,410	10,900	9,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,825	10,640	9,185	97.1	97.6	96.6
French	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	210	105	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	320	120	195	1.6	1.1	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	20,410	10,900	9,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,370	10,870	9,495	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	20,310	10,840	9,465	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	20,255	10,830	9,420	99.2	99.4	99.1
French	55	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	65	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	20,410	10,900	9,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,905	10,685	9,230	97.5	98.0	97.1
English	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	160	85	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	265	100	160	1.3	0.9	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	195	70	125	1.0	0.6	1.3
Non-Indigenous	75	35	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	16,890	9,010	7,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,565	650	920	9.3	7.2	11.7
Worked outside Canada	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,805	2,180	625	16.6	24.2	7.9
Usual place of work	12,505	6,185	6,320	74.0	68.6	80.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,505	6,185	6,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,205	3,940	4,265	65.6	63.7	67.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,480	1,740	1,740	27.8	28.1	27.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	765	450	310	6.1	7.3	4.9
Commute to a different province or territory	60	55	10	0.5	0.9	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,310	8,365	6,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,620	7,445	6,175	89.0	89.0	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,360	6,780	5,575	80.7	81.1	80.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,260	660	595	8.2	7.9	8.6
Public transit	370	265	100	2.4	3.2	1.4
Walked	950	435	520	6.2	5.2	7.5
Bicycle	170	95	80	1.1	1.1	1.2
Other method	205	125	80	1.3	1.5	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,310	8,365	6,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,640	4,700	4,950	63.0	56.2	71.2
15 to 29 minutes	3,465	2,050	1,420	22.6	24.5	20.4
30 to 44 minutes	715	450	265	4.7	5.4	3.8
45 to 59 minutes	545	395	145	3.6	4.7	2.1
60 minutes and over	940	765	175	6.1	9.1	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,310	8,365	6,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,245	970	275	8.1	11.6	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,370	1,705	660	15.5	20.4	9.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,540	1,975	1,560	23.1	23.6	22.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,300	1,725	2,575	28.1	20.6	37.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,645	590	1,055	10.7	7.1	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,215	1,395	820	14.5	16.7	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,285	4,200	4,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	570	285	280	6.9	6.8	6.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,715	3,910	3,805	93.1	93.1	93.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,005	3,060	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	425	215	210	7.1	7.0	7.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	110	105	3.6	3.6	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	100	105	3.4	3.3	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,580	2,845	2,735	92.9	93.0	92.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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