Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	88,168
Population, 2016¹	85,649^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.9
Total private dwellings²	34,179
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,700
Population density per square kilometre	548.8
Land area in square kilometres	160.66
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	88,165
0 to 14 years	14,570
0 to 4 years	3,825
5 to 9 years	5,075
10 to 14 years	5,665
15 to 64 years	56,670
15 to 19 years	5,680
20 to 24 years	4,715
25 to 29 years	3,895
30 to 34 years	4,205
35 to 39 years	5,370
40 to 44 years	6,165
45 to 49 years	6,575
50 to 54 years	6,875
55 to 59 years	6,720
60 to 64 years	6,460
65 years and over	16,925
65 to 69 years	4,955
70 to 74 years	4,210
75 to 79 years	3,335
80 to 84 years	2,155
85 years and over	2,270
85 to 89 years	1,340
90 to 94 years	725
95 to 99 years	175
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5
15 to 64 years	64.3
65 years and over	19.2
85 years and over	2.6
Average age of the population	42.8
Median age of the population	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,700
Single-detached house	16,115
Semi-detached house	515
Row house	2,895
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,850
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,445
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,865
Other single-attached house	10
Movable dwelling⁴	10
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,700
1 person	6,745
2 persons	10,625
3 persons	5,970
4 persons	6,545
5 or more persons	2,815
Number of persons in private households	87,385
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,600
Married or living common-law	46,405
Married	40,810
Living common-law	5,590
Living common law - Never married	4,050
Living common law - Separated	160
Living common law - Divorced	1,275
Living common law - Widowed	110
Not married and not living common-law	27,200
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,450
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,440
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,920
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,390
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,925
2 persons	11,675
3 persons	6,090
4 persons	6,540
5 or more persons	1,625
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,930
Total couple families	22,670
Married couples	19,880
With children⁶	12,050
Without children	7,830
Common-law couples	2,790
With children⁶	970
Without children	1,820
Total one-parent families	3,255
in which the parent is a woman+	2,550
in which the parent is a man+	705
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,385
Total - Persons in census families	76,185
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,345
Parents in one-parent families	3,260
Children⁶	27,580
In a two-parent family	22,880
In a one-parent family	4,705
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,200
Living alone	6,750
Living with other relatives⁷	1,570
Living with non-relatives only	2,885
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,700
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,445
Couple-family households	19,800
With children⁶	11,535
Without children	8,270
One-parent-family households	2,645
Multigenerational households⁸	915
Multiple-census-family households⁹	455
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,185
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	960
One-person households	6,750
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,370
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,410
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,120
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,245
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,710
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,325
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,885
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,270
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,295
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,925
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	76,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,245
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,345
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,310
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,670
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,815
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,885
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	88,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	120,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,555
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,820
Without total income	2,445
With total income	70,375
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,330
$10,000 to $19,999	6,850
$20,000 to $29,999	8,385
$30,000 to $39,999	6,795
$40,000 to $49,999	6,040
$50,000 to $59,999	5,200
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890
$80,000 to $89,999	3,125
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855
$100,000 and over	15,480
$100,000 to $149,999	7,790
$150,000 and over	7,690
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,820
Without after-tax income	2,410
With after-tax income	70,410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,735
$10,000 to $19,999	7,135
$20,000 to $29,999	9,435
$30,000 to $39,999	7,840
$40,000 to $49,999	6,875
$50,000 to $59,999	5,990
$60,000 to $69,999	4,945
$70,000 to $79,999	3,850
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290
$90,000 to $99,999	2,495
$100,000 and over	10,815
$100,000 to $124,999	4,165
$125,000 and over	6,645
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,820
Without employment income	21,575
With employment income	51,240
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,830
$5,000 to $9,999	3,915
$10,000 to $19,999	4,955
$20,000 to $29,999	3,545
$30,000 to $39,999	3,380
$40,000 to $49,999	3,330
$50,000 to $59,999	3,070
$60,000 to $69,999	2,775
$70,000 to $79,999	2,450
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180
$90,000 to $99,999	2,120
$100,000 and over	11,700
$100,000 to $124,999	3,560
$125,000 and over	8,135
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,175
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,335
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,930
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,735
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,025
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,690
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,010
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,195
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,635
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,630
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,695
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,630
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,815
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,585
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	83,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	116,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,170
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	94.2
Employment income (%)	72.0
Government transfers (%)	5.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,700
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,750
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,955
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,700
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	170,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	132,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,715
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,985
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	195,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,700
Under $5,000	370
$5,000 to $9,999	155
$10,000 to $14,999	210
$15,000 to $19,999	315
$20,000 to $24,999	775
$25,000 to $29,999	645
$30,000 to $34,999	645
$35,000 to $39,999	750
$40,000 to $44,999	810
$45,000 to $49,999	815
$50,000 to $59,999	1,525
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620
$70,000 to $79,999	1,590
$80,000 to $89,999	1,550
$90,000 to $99,999	1,525
$100,000 and over	19,415
$100,000 to $124,999	3,305
$125,000 to $149,999	2,900
$150,000 to $199,999	4,510
$200,000 and over	8,695
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,700
Under $5,000	490
$5,000 to $9,999	165
$10,000 to $14,999	215
$15,000 to $19,999	325
$20,000 to $24,999	820
$25,000 to $29,999	725
$30,000 to $34,999	745
$35,000 to $39,999	925
$40,000 to $44,999	925
$45,000 to $49,999	910
$50,000 to $59,999	1,920
$60,000 to $69,999	1,925
$70,000 to $79,999	1,855
$80,000 to $89,999	1,825
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695
$100,000 and over	17,245
$100,000 to $124,999	3,790
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305
$150,000 and over	10,145
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,485
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,740
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,050
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	188,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,060
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,635
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,525
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	194,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	150,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,725
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	156,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,115
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	241,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	183,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,025
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	105,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,605
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,385
0 to 17 years	18,020
0 to 5 years	4,730
18 to 64 years	53,075
65 years and over	16,285
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,505
0 to 17 years	1,485
0 to 5 years	330
18 to 64 years	3,545
65 years and over	1,475
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7
65 years and over (%)	9.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,385
0 to 17 years	18,025
0 to 5 years	4,730
18 to 64 years	53,075
65 years and over	16,285
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,575
0 to 17 years	1,035
0 to 5 years	210
18 to 64 years	2,880
65 years and over	670
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4
65 years and over (%)	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,385
In bottom half of the distribution	26,050
In bottom decile	6,355
In second decile	4,625
In third decile	4,625
In fourth decile	4,885
In fifth decile	5,560
In top half of the distribution	61,335
In sixth decile	6,400
In seventh decile	7,835
In eighth decile	9,380
In ninth decile	12,810
In top decile	24,910
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,385
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.402
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.466
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.346
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,505
English only	76,585
French only	45
English and French	9,615
Neither English nor French	1,265
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,505
English	84,360
French	1,265
English and French	640
Neither English nor French	1,235
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,505
Single responses	84,535
Official languages	61,570
English	60,360
French	1,215
Non-official languages	22,965
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	315
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	315
Amharic	0
Arabic	245
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	55
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5
Austronesian languages	1,140
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	125
Indonesian	50
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	895
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	65
Kannada	5
Malayalam	20
Tamil	35
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,655
Albanian	10
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	1,880
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	1,850
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	55
Czech	260
Macedonian	5
Polish	445
Russian	555
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	215
Bosnian	35
Croatian	95
Serbian	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	170
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,850
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,180
German	1,110
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	65
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415
Afrikaans	140
Dutch	270
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	255
Danish	80
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	45
Swedish	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	125
Indo-Iranian languages	8,170
Indo-Aryan languages	910
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	255
Hindi	130
Kacchi	75
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	15
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	7,265
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	20
Pashto	0
Persian languages	7,180
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	6,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	500
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,505
Catalan	5
Italian	420
Portuguese	460
Romanian	125
Spanish	1,480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	525
Korean	1,530
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,025
Chinese languages	4,020
Hakka	15
Mandarin	2,355
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	145
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,455
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	0
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	220
Azerbaijani	60
Kazakh	0
Turkish	150
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	300
Estonian	40
Finnish	65
Hungarian	200
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,965
English and French	495
English and non-official language(s)	2,110
French and non-official language(s)	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	230
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,505
English	63,445
French	340
Non-official language	6,950
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	6,950
English and French	1,230
English and non-official language(s)	14,600
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	600
Multiple non-official languages	320
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,505
Single responses	84,665
Official languages	71,630
English	71,100
French	525
Non-official languages	13,035
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,035
Afro-Asiatic languages	115
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	115
Amharic	0
Arabic	90
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	25
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	500
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	65
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	5
Malayalam	0
Tamil	5
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,050
Albanian	0
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	780
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	785
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	115
Macedonian	0
Polish	160
Russian	315
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	90
Bosnian	15
Croatian	25
Serbian	50
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	315
Frisian	0
High German languages	165
German	150
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110
Afrikaans	70
Dutch	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	40
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	5,685
Indo-Aryan languages	330
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	85
Hindi	30
Kacchi	30
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5,355
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	35
Parsi	5
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5,310
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	4,935
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	355
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,190
Catalan	5
Italian	90
Portuguese	250
Romanian	50
Spanish	795
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	260
Korean	1,190
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,630
Chinese languages	2,630
Hakka	5
Mandarin	1,745
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	800
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	120
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	80
Estonian	10
Finnish	10
Hungarian	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,835
English and French	185
English and non-official language(s)	2,550
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	40
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,505
None	73,190
English	5,400
French	995
Non-official language	6,450
Indigenous³⁹	25
Non-Indigenous	6,425
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	480
French and non-official language(s)	310
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	575
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,385
Official languages	86,140
English	86,115
French	9,665
Non-official languages	29,985
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	15
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	15
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	465
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	465
Amharic	10
Arabic	305
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	145
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,735
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	40
Ilocano	165
Indonesian	55
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25
Pangasinan	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,630
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	30
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	145
Kannada	0
Malayalam	50
Tamil	95
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	20,240
Albanian	15
Armenian	75
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	2,240
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	80
Czech	425
Macedonian	20
Polish	505
Russian	785
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	195
Bosnian	40
Croatian	115
Serbian	105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	245
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	65
Irish	40
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	3,525
Frisian	0
High German languages	2,185
German	2,155
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	50
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,035
Afrikaans	580
Dutch	465
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20
Scandinavian languages	500
Danish	140
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	155
Swedish	230
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	220
Indo-Iranian languages	9,815
Indo-Aryan languages	1,620
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	495
Hindi	515
Kacchi	260
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	35
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50
Urdu	175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	8,205
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	110
Parsi	35
Pashto	0
Persian languages	8,125
Dari	55
Iranian Persian	7,520
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	595
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,180
Catalan	35
Italian	920
Portuguese	800
Romanian	130
Spanish	3,715
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	905
Korean	1,635
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	185
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	140
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	135
American Sign Language	130
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,685
Chinese languages	4,680
Hakka	30
Mandarin	3,305
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220
Wu (Shanghainese)	40
Yue (Cantonese)	1,865
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85
Lao	10
Thai	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	445
Azerbaijani	115
Kazakh	0
Turkish	385
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	385
Estonian	50
Finnish	100
Hungarian	235
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,385
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,580
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,545
First Nations (North American Indian)	980
Métis	570
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	85,805
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,385
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	585
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,800
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,700
Owner	24,990
Renter	7,710
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,700
Condominium	7,880
Not condominium	24,820
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,700
No bedrooms	270
1 bedroom	3,520
2 bedrooms	6,860
3 bedrooms	9,125
4 or more bedrooms	12,920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,700
1 to 4 rooms	8,560
5 rooms	3,960
6 rooms	3,590
7 rooms	3,915
8 or more rooms	12,675
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,700
One person or fewer per room	32,075
More than one person per room	625
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,700
Suitable	31,395
Not suitable	1,305
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,700
1960 or before	7,020
1961 to 1980	11,890
1981 to 1990	4,470
1991 to 2000	3,030
2001 to 2005	1,025
2006 to 2010	1,050
2011 to 2015	1,610
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,615
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,700
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,690
Major repairs needed	2,010
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,700
One-maintainer household	13,745
Two-maintainer household	16,985
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,970
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,700
15 to 24 years	305
25 to 34 years	2,515
35 to 44 years	5,390
45 to 54 years	7,140
55 to 64 years	7,270
65 to 74 years	5,280
75 to 84 years	3,400
85 years and over	1,400
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,600
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,040
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,565
30% to less than 100%	7,190
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,700
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,760
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,575
Not suitable only	800
Major repairs needed only	1,315
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	380
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	570
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45
Acceptable housing	21,935
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,225
In core need	3,605
Not in core need	27,625
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,990
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.4
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,420
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,600,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,670,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,705
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.2
% in core housing need⁶³	23.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,094
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,390
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	360
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	360
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	240
Métis single ancestry	125
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,715
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,205
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	500
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	85,310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,385
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,665
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,775
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,890
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,715
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,385
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,705
Immigrants⁸¹	28,200
Before 1980	6,320
1980 to 1990	2,965
1991 to 2000	5,480
2001 to 2010	6,285
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,145
2011 to 2015	3,805
2016 to 2021	3,340
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,485
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,200
Under 5 years	2,455
5 to 14 years	4,555
15 to 24 years	4,400
25 to 44 years	13,645
45 years and over	3,145
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,200
Americas	2,870
Brazil	210
Colombia	160
El Salvador	45
Guyana	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	75
Mexico	405
Peru	100
Trinidad and Tobago	30
United States of America	1,450
Other places of birth in Americas	380
Europe	8,385
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45
Croatia	55
France	240
Germany	830
Greece	55
Hungary	125
Italy	300
Netherlands	285
Poland	335
Portugal	100
Romania	140
Russian Federation	305
Serbia⁸⁶	30
Ukraine	160
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,800
Other places of birth in Europe	1,575
Africa	1,810
Algeria	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Egypt	35
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	25
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	865
Other places of birth in Africa	855
Asia	14,495
Afghanistan	10
Iran⁸⁸	6,395
Iraq	55
Lebanon	35
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	100
China⁹⁰	1,985
Hong Kong⁹¹	860
Korea, South⁹²	1,210
Taiwan	365
Philippines	1,580
Viet Nam	60
Bangladesh	0
India	590
Pakistan	90
Sri Lanka	80
Other places of birth in Asia	1,060
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	635
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,340
Americas	480
Brazil	85
Colombia	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	45
United States of America	275
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50
Europe	810
France	65
Germany	25
Ireland⁹⁶	35
Italy	20
Russian Federation	40
Ukraine	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355
Other places of birth in Europe	235
Africa	120
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	70
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	1,795
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	390
Hong Kong⁹¹	25
India	100
Iran⁸⁸	765
Iraq	20
Israel	0
Japan	25
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	100
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	305
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	15
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20
Oceania and other⁹³	130
Australia	100
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,385
First generation¹⁰⁰	32,250
Second generation¹⁰¹	20,905
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,230
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,875
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15,415
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,270
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,915
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,335
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	210
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,875
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	625
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,395
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	945
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,070
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15,765
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,385
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,415
South Asian	2,780
Chinese	6,070
Black	475
Filipino	2,155
Arab	220
Latin American	1,255
Southeast Asian	375
West Asian	7,680
Korean	1,775
Japanese	1,130
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	370
Multiple visible minorities	1,135
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	61,970
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,385
Canadian	8,335
English	21,875
Irish	12,985
Scottish	16,270
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,355
German	9,595
Chinese	5,940
Italian	3,965
Indian (India)	2,025
Ukrainian	3,435
Dutch	3,215
Polish	2,640
Québécois	125
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,680
Filipino	2,065
French Canadian	870
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,550
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	630
Métis	640
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,255
Russian	2,025
Norwegian	2,290
Welsh	2,275
Portuguese	750
American	1,675
Spanish	1,150
Swedish	2,040
Hungarian	995
Acadian	110
Pakistani	165
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	290
Jewish	985
Punjabi	190
Vietnamese	220
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130
Greek	665
Jamaican	135
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	565
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150
Korean	1,805
Romanian	405
Lebanese	210
Iranian	6,445
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	215
Danish	1,015
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	220
Sikh	110
Austrian	1,050
Belgian	425
Haitian	0
Hindu	35
Mexican	720
Mennonite	140
Swiss	760
Finnish	610
Sri Lankan	75
Croatian	515
Japanese	1,285
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	190
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	580
Muslim	205
Egyptian	125
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350
Tamil	30
Icelandic	565
Colombian	140
Moroccan	55
Czech	800
Syrian	50
Guyanese	25
Afghan	25
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45
Serbian	185
Ojibway	55
Newfoundlander	20
Hong Konger	425
Ontarian	80
Persian	2,550
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35
Turkish	210
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	15
Brazilian	340
Nigerian	25
Armenian	175
Slovak	450
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240
Somali	0
Taiwanese	285
Iraqi	25
Salvadorean	55
African Caribbean	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	170
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	255
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25
Lithuanian	235
South African	865
Australian	710
Palestinian	50
Chilean	150
Congolese	20
Nova Scotian	25
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	170
Peruvian	95
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	25
Maltese	55
Macedonian	60
Slovenian	110
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	315
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	70
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	35
Israeli	80
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95
Bulgarian	90
Albertan	105
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	15
African American	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120
Cuban	60
Bosnian	65
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	160
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	50
Indonesian	55
Laotian	20
Ilocano	90
Northern Irish	105
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115
British Columbian	435
Ecuadorian	15
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	95
Estonian	225
Kurdish	85
Fijian	45
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45
Coptic	0
Thai	115
Dominican	0
Nepali	15
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	20
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	50
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	230
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15
Malaysian	105
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	50
Buddhist	25
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	140
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	40
Mauritian	40
Kenyan	40
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	30
Manitoban	15
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	20
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	20
Mayan	30
Honduran	25
Cherokee	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	30
United Empire Loyalist	40
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	150
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	50
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	15
Zimbabwean	35
Burmese	0
Mongolian	10
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	35
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	20
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	20
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20
Igorot	70
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	15
Costa Rican	40
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	20
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	30
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,385
Buddhist	775
Christian	29,845
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,325
Anabaptist	185
Anglican	3,650
Baptist	705
Catholic	10,845
Christian Orthodox	825
Jehovah's Witness	210
Latter Day Saints	110
Lutheran	945
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310
Presbyterian	650
Reformed	35
United Church	3,335
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,575
Hindu	295
Jewish	845
Muslim	5,570
Sikh	550
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,210
No religion and secular perspectives	48,275
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,750
Non-movers	75,935
Movers	10,815
Non-migrants	6,525
Migrants	4,285
Internal migrants	3,085
Intraprovincial migrants	2,425
Interprovincial migrants	660
External migrants	1,205
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	83,585
Non-movers	53,190
Movers	30,390
Non-migrants	9,730
Migrants	20,660
Internal migrants	15,175
Intraprovincial migrants	12,985
Interprovincial migrants	2,190
External migrants	5,480
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,815
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,230
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,590
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,125
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,880
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,820
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,590
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,960
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,270
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,850
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,640
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,180
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,175
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,065
Bachelor's degree	19,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,355
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,110
Master's degree	7,470
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	950
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,315
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,405
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,395
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,825
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,190
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,915
Bachelor's degree	15,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,650
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	850
Master's degree	5,995
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	885
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,820
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,550
Education	3,545
13. Education	3,545
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,015
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340
50. Visual and performing arts	2,670
Humanities	3,050
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	440
23. English language and literature/letters	915
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	395
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670
22. Legal professions and studies	1,620
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190
42. Psychology	1,245
45. Social sciences	2,545
Business, management and public administration	11,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	325
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,935
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,820
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,085
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60
40. Physical sciences	965
41. Science technologies/technicians	90
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,080
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,555
25. Library science	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	350
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,475
04. Architecture and related services	735
14. Engineering	3,870
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,170
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	850
48. Precision production	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405
03. Natural resources and conservation	450
Health and related fields	6,460
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	805
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,235
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	940
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	360
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,805
Education	2,175
13. Education	2,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235
50. Visual and performing arts	2,050
Humanities	2,255
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315
23. English language and literature/letters	630
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	640
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135
39. Theology and religious vocations	85
54. History	305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,675
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515
22. Legal professions and studies	1,275
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145
42. Psychology	970
45. Social sciences	2,000
Business, management and public administration	8,760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	230
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,005
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	795
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45
40. Physical sciences	675
41. Science technologies/technicians	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,650
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,345
25. Library science	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	205
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,080
04. Architecture and related services	595
14. Engineering	2,945
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	850
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	485
48. Precision production	235
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	720
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325
03. Natural resources and conservation	390
Health and related fields	4,665
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,020
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	650
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	240
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,320
Location of study inside Canada	26,015
Same as province or territory of residence	20,080
Different than province or territory of residence	5,935
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,300
Americas	2,310
United States of America	1,595
Mexico	255
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	220
Colombia	55
Peru	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	105
Europe	2,915
Belgium	25
France	195
Germany	125
Netherlands	100
Switzerland	55
Hungary	35
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	75
Romania	50
Russian Federation	180
Ukraine	80
Ireland⁹⁶	115
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,520
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	305
Africa	430
Nigeria	15
Algeria	10
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	385
Other locations of study in Africa	15
Asia	5,245
Iran⁸⁸	2,525
Iraq	10
Israel	45
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	750
Taiwan	80
Hong Kong⁹¹	100
Japan	180
Korea, South⁹²	495
Philippines	710
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	175
Pakistan	20
Other locations of study in Asia	95
Oceania	405
Australia	305
New Zealand	100
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,820
In the labour force	48,010
Employed	44,490
Unemployed	3,515
Not in the labour force	24,810
Participation rate	65.9
Employment rate	61.1
Unemployment rate	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,820
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,290
Worked	48,530
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,925
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,605
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,005
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,135
Employee	36,475
Permanent position	29,855
Temporary position	6,620
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,990
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,625
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,665
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,005
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,135
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,570
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,125
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,015
3 Health occupations	3,615
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,695
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,300
6 Sales and service occupations	10,270
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	655
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	635
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,005
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870
All industries¹⁹¹	47,135
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	225
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295
22 Utilities	320
23 Construction	3,350
31-33 Manufacturing	1,600
41 Wholesale trade	1,590
44-45 Retail trade	4,590
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,580
51 Information and cultural industries	2,140
52 Finance and insurance	2,685
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,495
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,730
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,620
61 Educational services	4,190
62 Health care and social assistance	5,340
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,745
72 Accommodation and food services	2,500
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,805
91 Public administration	2,120
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,935
English	48,735
French	80
Non-official language	425
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	425
English and French	510
English and non-official language(s)	2,095
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,935
Single responses	51,525
Official languages	50,515
English	50,325
French	190
Non-official languages	1,010
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	15
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	465
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	15
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	25
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	295
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	290
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	290
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	270
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	40
Romanian	0
Spanish	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	130
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360
Chinese languages	355
Hakka	0
Mandarin	280
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	410
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	330
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,935
None	49,630
English	615
French	335
Non-official language	1,150
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,150
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,490
Worked at home	15,400
Worked outside Canada	180
No fixed workplace address	4,680
Usual place of work	24,225
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,225
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	215
Commute to a different province or territory	115
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,910
Car, truck or van	23,180
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,185
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,000
Public transit	2,655
Walked	1,660
Bicycle	640
Other method	775
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,910
Less than 15 minutes	7,740
15 to 29 minutes	11,860
30 to 44 minutes	6,245
45 to 59 minutes	1,910
60 minutes and over	1,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,910
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,970
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,700
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,425
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,215
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,495
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,665
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,750
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,305
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,290
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	760
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,015

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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