Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	OutremontMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	103,620	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,088	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,444	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,337	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,677.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11.94	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,620	51,030	52,585
0 to 14 years	16,305	8,405	7,900
0 to 4 years	5,285	2,680	2,605
5 to 9 years	5,695	2,950	2,745
10 to 14 years	5,325	2,780	2,550
15 to 64 years	71,510	36,260	35,250
15 to 19 years	5,590	2,810	2,780
20 to 24 years	11,670	5,830	5,840
25 to 29 years	10,980	5,790	5,190
30 to 34 years	8,730	4,510	4,225
35 to 39 years	7,420	3,730	3,690
40 to 44 years	6,910	3,480	3,430
45 to 49 years	5,900	2,975	2,920
50 to 54 years	4,935	2,510	2,425
55 to 59 years	4,870	2,425	2,450
60 to 64 years	4,505	2,200	2,310
65 years and over	15,800	6,365	9,435
65 to 69 years	4,005	1,820	2,180
70 to 74 years	3,775	1,685	2,090
75 to 79 years	2,965	1,235	1,730
80 to 84 years	2,045	740	1,310
85 years and over	3,015	885	2,130
85 to 89 years	1,755	625	1,125
90 to 94 years	1,050	210	840
95 to 99 years	175	35	140
100 years and over	40	15	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.5	15.0
15 to 64 years	69.0	71.1	67.0
65 years and over	15.2	12.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.9	1.7	4.1
Average age of the population	38.1	36.6	39.7
Median age of the population	34.0	32.8	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,335	...	...
Single-detached house	820	...	...
Semi-detached house	990	...	...
Row house	845	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,760	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	32,295	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,445	...	...
Other single-attached house	175	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,340	...	...
1 person	21,085	...	...
2 persons	14,485	...	...
3 persons	5,795	...	...
4 persons	4,240	...	...
5 or more persons	2,730	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,055	50,030	51,020
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,310	42,620	44,690
Married or living common-law	38,375	19,280	19,095
Married	25,840	12,925	12,915
Living common-law	12,535	6,350	6,180
Living common law - Never married	10,850	5,480	5,370
Living common law - Separated	135	75	60
Living common law - Divorced	1,455	750	700
Living common law - Widowed	95	50	45
Not married and not living common-law	48,940	23,345	25,595
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,260	20,060	18,205
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,665	715	950
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,910	2,020	3,895
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,105	550	2,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,195	...	...
2 persons	11,755	...	...
3 persons	4,420	...	...
4 persons	3,670	...	...
5 or more persons	2,345	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,200	...	...
Total couple families	18,330	...	...
Married couples	12,060	...	...
With children⁶	7,300	...	...
Without children	4,760	...	...
Common-law couples	6,265	...	...
With children⁶	1,790	...	...
Without children	4,480	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,870	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,100	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	770	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,050	50,035	51,020
Total - Persons in census families	65,900	32,480	33,425
Married spouses or common-law partners	36,655	18,435	18,215
Parents in one-parent families	3,865	770	3,095
Children⁶	25,380	13,270	12,110
In a two-parent family	19,760	10,300	9,465
In a one-parent family	5,620	2,970	2,650
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,150	17,555	17,595
Living alone	21,080	9,890	11,195
Living with other relatives⁷	2,665	1,235	1,430
Living with non-relatives only	11,400	6,430	4,970
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,005	...	...
Couple-family households	17,490	...	...
With children⁶	8,790	...	...
Without children	8,700	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,520	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	275	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	665	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,240	...	...
One-person households	21,080	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,785	41,650	43,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,500	39,395	41,100
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,570	39,435	41,135
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	32,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,815	35,950	36,865
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	31,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,805	31,010	29,790
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	28,800	23,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,485	30,910	35,575
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,500	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,505	3,570	3,935
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,030	14,850	14,180
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,710	41,815	42,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,375	39,545	40,830
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,750	70,000	49,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,460	39,600	40,860
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,440	50,320	40,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,635	35,995	36,640
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,600	68,100	43,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,760	31,080	29,685
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	61,800	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,290	30,785	35,505
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,520	10,260	12,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,695	3,605	4,090
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,135	7,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,010	14,880	14,125
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	9,370	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,715	41,815	42,895
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,495	12,945	10,555
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	67,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,800	109,300	74,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,895	14,355	15,540
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,800	14,600	13,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,520	29,240	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	88.6	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	69.4	59.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	11.4	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.4	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	5.0	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,785	41,650	43,135
Without total income	4,285	2,255	2,035
With total income	80,495	39,395	41,105
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,820	4,355	4,465
$10,000 to $19,999	10,845	5,400	5,450
$20,000 to $29,999	14,645	6,925	7,720
$30,000 to $39,999	10,120	4,950	5,170
$40,000 to $49,999	7,840	3,620	4,215
$50,000 to $59,999	5,780	2,595	3,180
$60,000 to $69,999	4,370	1,880	2,495
$70,000 to $79,999	3,475	1,625	1,850
$80,000 to $89,999	2,750	1,300	1,450
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	1,030	1,045
$100,000 and over	9,775	5,720	4,050
$100,000 to $149,999	5,140	2,760	2,385
$150,000 and over	4,630	2,965	1,670
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,785	41,650	43,135
Without after-tax income	4,215	2,215	2,000
With after-tax income	80,570	39,435	41,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,185	4,510	4,670
$10,000 to $19,999	11,420	5,705	5,715
$20,000 to $29,999	16,740	8,000	8,735
$30,000 to $39,999	11,405	5,540	5,865
$40,000 to $49,999	9,000	4,070	4,935
$50,000 to $59,999	6,060	2,755	3,310
$60,000 to $69,999	4,305	2,010	2,300
$70,000 to $79,999	3,085	1,495	1,595
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	1,120	1,030
$90,000 to $99,999	1,600	825	780
$100,000 and over	5,625	3,410	2,210
$100,000 to $124,999	2,220	1,200	1,020
$125,000 and over	3,400	2,205	1,195
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,785	41,650	43,135
Without employment income	23,980	10,640	13,345
With employment income	60,800	31,015	29,790
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,720	5,150	5,570
$5,000 to $9,999	7,145	3,520	3,620
$10,000 to $19,999	8,980	4,335	4,645
$20,000 to $29,999	5,815	2,835	2,980
$30,000 to $39,999	4,910	2,575	2,330
$40,000 to $49,999	4,295	2,160	2,130
$50,000 to $59,999	3,415	1,665	1,745
$60,000 to $69,999	2,655	1,335	1,320
$70,000 to $79,999	2,290	1,205	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	2,005	1,010	995
$90,000 to $99,999	1,380	760	620
$100,000 and over	7,195	4,445	2,750
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375	1,370	1,000
$125,000 and over	4,820	3,080	1,745
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,785	41,650	43,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,830	37,395	39,435
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	31,600	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,845	37,395	39,445
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	29,200	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,665	34,195	35,465
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	32,000	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,125	29,460	28,665
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	30,200	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,235	27,130	32,105
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,500	1,840	4,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,590	1,980	2,605
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,800	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,710	41,815	42,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,795	37,670	39,125
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,750	68,300	47,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,815	37,670	39,140
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,440	38,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,690	34,415	35,275
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,400	70,300	44,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,410	29,720	28,690
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	65,200	42,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,070	27,190	31,880
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330	5,595	8,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,590	2,080	2,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,680	6,215	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,715	41,815	42,895
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,880	12,510	10,375
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	60,400	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,100	106,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,170	13,055	14,110
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	18,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,480	36,360	28,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	94.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	70.8	75.4	64.8
Government transfers (%)	9.8	5.9	15.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,255	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,285	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,175	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,335	...	...
Under $5,000	1,685	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	870	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,255	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,615	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,145	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,150	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,810	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,385	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,860	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,640	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,870	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,315	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,335	...	...
Under $5,000	1,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	890	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,265	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,735	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,685	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,535	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,715	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,430	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,320	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,685	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,130	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,700	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,080	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,510	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,040	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,980	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,105	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,785	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,485	16,325	16,160
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	29,000	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,800	27,200	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,110	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,145	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	201,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,740	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,240	16,350	15,890
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,040	43,080	43,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,800	35,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,055	50,035	51,015
0 to 17 years	19,115	9,845	9,270
0 to 5 years	6,395	3,265	3,135
18 to 64 years	67,975	34,375	33,595
65 years and over	13,965	5,815	8,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,285	10,010	10,275
0 to 17 years	2,525	1,290	1,235
0 to 5 years	935	465	465
18 to 64 years	14,615	7,505	7,110
65 years and over	3,150	1,210	1,940
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.1	20.0	20.1
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	13.1	13.3
0 to 5 years (%)	14.6	14.3	15.0
18 to 64 years (%)	21.5	21.8	21.2
65 years and over (%)	22.5	20.8	23.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,050	50,035	51,020
0 to 17 years	19,115	9,845	9,275
0 to 5 years	6,395	3,260	3,130
18 to 64 years	67,970	34,380	33,595
65 years and over	13,960	5,810	8,150
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	16,300	8,470	7,830
0 to 17 years	1,440	745	690
0 to 5 years	515	270	250
18 to 64 years	13,295	7,110	6,180
65 years and over	1,565	610	955
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	16.1	16.9	15.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	8.1	8.2	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	19.6	20.7	18.4
65 years and over (%)	11.2	10.5	11.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,055	50,035	51,015
In bottom half of the distribution	64,130	31,665	32,470
In bottom decile	20,940	10,625	10,325
In second decile	12,465	6,025	6,440
In third decile	11,455	5,590	5,865
In fourth decile	10,505	5,190	5,310
In fifth decile	8,765	4,235	4,530
In top half of the distribution	36,920	18,365	18,550
In sixth decile	7,385	3,595	3,790
In seventh decile	6,260	3,065	3,200
In eighth decile	5,955	2,980	2,970
In ninth decile	6,485	3,220	3,265
In top decile	10,835	5,510	5,325
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,050	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.477	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.598	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.400	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,945	50,525	51,420
English only	18,580	10,255	8,330
French only	14,550	6,570	7,975
English and French	66,290	32,500	33,790
Neither English nor French	2,530	1,195	1,325
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,945	50,525	51,420
English	34,050	17,695	16,355
French	56,160	27,340	28,820
English and French	9,285	4,335	4,955
Neither English nor French	2,450	1,155	1,290
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,945	50,525	51,420
Single responses	94,220	46,645	47,580
Official languages	61,070	30,220	30,850
English	16,495	8,465	8,030
French	44,575	21,750	22,820
Non-official languages	33,155	16,430	16,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	20
Algonquian languages	15	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,125	16,425	16,705
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,755	3,190	2,565
Berber languages	295	160	130
Kabyle	240	125	115
Tamazight	45	30	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Chadic languages	25	10	15
Hausa	15	5	5
Mina	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	25	25
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	45	25	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5,390	2,990	2,400
Amharic	30	20	15
Arabic	4,965	2,770	2,195
Aramaic languages	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	370	190	175
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	805	365	440
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	25
Vietnamese	745	345	410
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,740	675	1,060
Bikol	5	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	20
Cebuano	125	55	75
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	60	20	35
Ilocano	160	65	95
Indonesian	35	15	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	10	20
Merina	20	5	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Malay	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10
Pangasinan	15	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,205	465	740
Waray-Waray	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15
Creole languages	425	205	220
Haitian Creole	290	140	150
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	20	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	90	45	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5
Dravidian languages	875	505	375
Kannada	20	10	5
Malayalam	205	105	100
Tamil	465	240	230
Telugu	190	145	40
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20,555	10,150	10,405
Albanian	65	35	30
Armenian	135	55	80
Balto-Slavic languages	2,090	910	1,180
Baltic languages	15	5	5
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	10	5	0
Slavic languages	2,075	905	1,170
Belarusian	5	5	0
Bulgarian	330	165	170
Czech	50	20	30
Macedonian	15	10	5
Polish	270	110	160
Russian	1,025	425	600
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	220	110	110
Bosnian	20	5	15
Croatian	65	30	40
Serbian	130	75	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Slovak	20	5	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10
Ukrainian	120	40	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,500	3,345	3,160
Frisian	5	5	0
High German languages	6,325	3,255	3,065
German	365	170	190
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	75	45	30
Yiddish	5,890	3,045	2,845
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	55	50
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	90	50	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5
Scandinavian languages	70	30	40
Danish	25	10	15
Icelandic	5	5	0
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	35	20	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Greek	1,200	590	605
Indo-Iranian languages	3,580	1,965	1,615
Indo-Aryan languages	1,920	1,135	785
Assamese	5	0	0
Bengali	380	210	170
Gujarati	505	300	200
Hindi	255	175	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	20	10	5
Nepali	45	15	30
Oriya languages	0	5	0
Odia	5	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	545	330	215
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10
Urdu	115	55	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5
Iranian languages	1,660	830	830
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	15	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	0
Persian languages	1,620	800	815
Dari	15	10	10
Iranian Persian	1,450	720	725
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	75	80
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,980	3,245	3,735
Catalan	30	15	15
Italian	630	295	335
Portuguese	1,550	700	850
Romanian	940	405	535
Spanish	3,825	1,825	1,995
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	170	60	115
Korean	200	70	130
Mongolian	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	590	330	265
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	70	40	30
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	35
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	20
Lingala	20	10	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	0
Mwani	5	0	5
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	15
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	30	25	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	5
Wojenaka	20	10	10
Wolof	140	85	60
Yoruba	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,350	570	785
Chinese languages	1,335	555	775
Hakka	5	0	5
Mandarin	855	360	490
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	365	145	220
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5
Burmese	5	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	45	65
Lao	85	35	45
Thai	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	215	120	100
Azerbaijani	40	20	15
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	170	85	80
Uyghur	10	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	305	130	170
Estonian	15	5	5
Finnish	15	10	10
Hungarian	270	120	155
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Multiple responses	7,720	3,875	3,845
English and French	2,270	1,160	1,105
English and non-official language(s)	2,170	1,040	1,125
French and non-official language(s)	2,295	1,185	1,115
English, French and non-official language(s)	725	375	350
Multiple non-official languages	265	120	150
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,945	50,525	51,420
English	16,075	8,240	7,840
French	38,925	18,985	19,940
Non-official language	12,260	6,140	6,115
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous	12,255	6,140	6,115
English and French	10,705	5,440	5,265
English and non-official language(s)	9,035	4,525	4,505
French and non-official language(s)	6,725	3,190	3,540
English, French and non-official language(s)	7,615	3,720	3,905
Multiple non-official languages	600	290	310
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,945	50,525	51,420
Single responses	93,340	46,315	47,025
Official languages	72,685	36,050	36,635
English	24,030	12,210	11,820
French	48,650	23,835	24,815
Non-official languages	20,655	10,265	10,385
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	15
Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,640	10,260	10,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,715	1,490	1,225
Berber languages	110	60	55
Kabyle	90	45	45
Tamazight	25	15	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	5	0	5
Mina	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	25	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,570	1,415	1,155
Amharic	10	5	5
Arabic	2,325	1,280	1,040
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	220	120	105
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	245	280
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10
Vietnamese	495	235	265
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,140	480	665
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Cebuano	80	35	50
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20
Ilocano	100	40	60
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	870	365	510
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	195	100	100
Haitian Creole	145	70	80
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	10	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	620	340	280
Kannada	5	0	5
Malayalam	145	70	70
Tamil	350	175	175
Telugu	115	85	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	13,940	6,940	7,005
Albanian	35	15	20
Armenian	50	25	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,095	490	600
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,090	495	600
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	210	105	105
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	10	5	5
Polish	70	30	40
Russian	665	280	380
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	75	40	40
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	50	25	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	45	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,590	2,930	2,655
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5,560	2,920	2,640
German	85	40	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	5,465	2,875	2,595
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	660	305	355
Indo-Iranian languages	2,615	1,380	1,230
Indo-Aryan languages	1,325	745	580
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	245	130	115
Gujarati	340	195	150
Hindi	170	115	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	420	240	185
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10
Urdu	75	35	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Iranian languages	1,290	635	655
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	1,270	625	645
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	1,150	560	590
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	60	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,905	1,790	2,115
Catalan	10	5	0
Italian	180	80	100
Portuguese	925	390	535
Romanian	505	220	290
Spanish	2,285	1,095	1,190
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	75	30	45
Korean	125	50	75
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	190	115	75
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	30	15	15
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	5
Lingala	10	10	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	15	15	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	5	5	5
Wolof	55	35	20
Yoruba	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	860	370	490
Chinese languages	850	360	485
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	590	265	325
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	210	75	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0
Burmese	5	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	40
Lao	55	25	30
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	40	50
Azerbaijani	10	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	70	35	35
Uyghur	5	0	5
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	80	30	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	70	25	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	8,605	4,210	4,400
English and French	2,980	1,510	1,470
English and non-official language(s)	2,455	1,190	1,265
French and non-official language(s)	2,155	1,020	1,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	930	455	475
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,945	50,525	51,425
None	73,655	36,510	37,145
English	8,835	4,465	4,375
French	5,880	2,880	3,000
Non-official language	7,135	3,435	3,700
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	7,130	3,435	3,695
English and French	1,630	780	850
English and non-official language(s)	2,360	1,205	1,150
French and non-official language(s)	1,525	735	790
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	105	105
Multiple non-official languages	710	405	310
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,925	50,110	50,815
Official languages	98,410	48,920	49,485
English	84,325	42,570	41,750
French	79,845	38,645	41,200
Non-official languages	54,200	26,480	27,730
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	20
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	54,175	26,460	27,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,120	6,120	5,000
Berber languages	450	260	190
Kabyle	370	210	160
Tamazight	70	45	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15
Chadic languages	50	20	35
Hausa	30	20	10
Mina	25	0	25
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	90	55	30
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	65	45	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10,835	5,960	4,870
Amharic	80	45	35
Arabic	8,985	4,935	4,050
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,805	1,015	795
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,030	465	565
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	30
Vietnamese	965	440	520
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,755	1,135	1,625
Bikol	15	0	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	280	105	175
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	35	95
Ilocano	385	190	195
Indonesian	50	20	30
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	45	15	30
Merina	45	15	25
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	45	30	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,515	1,010	1,505
Waray-Waray	15	10	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	35	50
Creole languages	1,345	600	745
Haitian Creole	1,090	475	610
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	85	50	35
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	60	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	110	55	60
Dravidian languages	1,120	635	490
Kannada	70	50	20
Malayalam	195	110	90
Tamil	720	375	345
Telugu	240	175	65
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35,355	17,010	18,345
Albanian	60	40	25
Armenian	225	95	125
Balto-Slavic languages	3,065	1,405	1,660
Baltic languages	25	20	15
Latvian	10	10	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10
Slavic languages	3,045	1,395	1,655
Belarusian	10	10	0
Bulgarian	375	180	195
Czech	110	40	70
Macedonian	35	10	25
Polish	440	190	250
Russian	1,780	835	950
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	355	175	185
Bosnian	55	20	45
Croatian	175	90	85
Serbian	215	105	110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	10	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0
Ukrainian	340	130	210
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Celtic languages	25	15	10
Irish	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10,080	5,200	4,875
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	9,715	5,045	4,670
German	2,265	1,190	1,075
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	55	25	30
Yiddish	7,500	3,890	3,610
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	130	130
Afrikaans	10	0	10
Dutch	225	115	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10
Scandinavian languages	260	115	145
Danish	80	30	50
Icelandic	10	10	0
Norwegian	55	30	30
Swedish	140	65	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Greek	1,615	785	830
Indo-Iranian languages	5,075	2,665	2,405
Indo-Aryan languages	3,120	1,775	1,340
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	725	395	330
Gujarati	645	390	255
Hindi	1,810	1,060	750
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0
Marathi	60	35	25
Nepali	110	45	65
Oriya languages	10	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	870	505	365
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	25
Urdu	205	100	105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10
Iranian languages	1,965	900	1,065
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	25	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	15	0
Persian languages	1,940	885	1,055
Dari	15	15	0
Iranian Persian	1,785	815	970
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	145	50	95
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	17,190	7,770	9,420
Catalan	140	90	50
Italian	2,635	1,155	1,480
Portuguese	2,300	1,115	1,190
Romanian	1,185	455	730
Spanish	12,770	5,800	6,960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25
Japanese	440	195	245
Korean	330	145	185
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,560	900	660
Akan (Twi)	40	20	25
Bamanankan	180	125	55
Edo	20	15	10
Éwé	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	95	60
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	30	15	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	55	40
Lingala	115	65	40
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	20	15	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	45	30
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	100	70	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	90	55	35
Wojenaka	50	20	30
Wolof	415	215	200
Yoruba	95	75	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	195	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	55	20
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	55	20
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Sign languages	30	10	20
American Sign Language	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,895	830	1,065
Chinese languages	1,860	805	1,055
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,425	635	790
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	25	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	20
Yue (Cantonese)	490	220	270
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	25	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	15
Burmese	10	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	250	100	145
Lao	170	75	95
Thai	85	30	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	440	215	225
Azerbaijani	65	25	40
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	380	190	185
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15
Uralic languages	435	220	215
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	30	15	10
Hungarian	395	200	200
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,925	50,110	50,815
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	670	335	335
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	635	305	325
First Nations (North American Indian)	340	150	185
Métis	280	140	130
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	15	0
Non-Indigenous identity	100,255	49,775	50,480
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,925	50,110	50,815
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	130	70	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,795	50,040	50,755
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,290	...	...
Owner	13,455	...	...
Renter	34,835	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,290	...	...
Condominium	10,750	...	...
Not condominium	37,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,290	...	...
No bedrooms	1,375	...	...
1 bedroom	18,175	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,320	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,080	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,290	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30,045	...	...
5 rooms	7,255	...	...
6 rooms	4,455	...	...
7 rooms	2,920	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,615	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,320	...	...
More than one person per room	1,970	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,290	...	...
Suitable	43,530	...	...
Not suitable	4,760	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,290	...	...
1960 or before	24,420	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,315	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,110	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,660	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,250	...	...
2006 to 2010	980	...	...
2011 to 2015	750	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	810	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,290	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,500	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,785	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,290	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,245	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,690	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,355	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,290	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,055	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,800	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,580	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,120	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,325	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,650	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,330	...	...
85 years and over	1,435	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,560	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,710	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,845	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,290	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	21,620	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,540	...	...
Not suitable only	3,420	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,960	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	870	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	390	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,670	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,135	...	...
In core need	4,805	...	...
Not in core need	40,330	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,460	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,928	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	925,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,830	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,114	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,925	50,110	50,815
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	285	130	155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	285	130	155
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	245	125	120
Métis single ancestry	30	10	20
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,435	660	775
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,435	655	775
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,275	565	710
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	85	65
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	99,210	49,320	49,885
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,925	50,110	50,820
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	77,120	37,400	39,720
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,960	8,675	8,285
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	60,160	28,725	31,435
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	23,805	12,705	11,095
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,925	50,110	50,820
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	54,635	26,690	27,945
Immigrants⁸¹	32,955	16,125	16,825
Before 1980	5,295	2,375	2,925
1980 to 1990	2,905	1,400	1,505
1991 to 2000	4,920	2,285	2,635
2001 to 2010	7,655	3,785	3,870
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,175	6,285	5,890
2011 to 2015	4,910	2,490	2,425
2016 to 2021	7,270	3,800	3,465
Non-permanent residents⁸³	13,345	7,295	6,050
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	32,955	16,125	16,825
Under 5 years	2,705	1,425	1,280
5 to 14 years	4,635	2,340	2,295
15 to 24 years	5,730	2,885	2,850
25 to 44 years	17,350	8,365	8,980
45 years and over	2,530	1,110	1,420
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	32,955	16,125	16,825
Americas	6,045	3,090	2,960
Brazil	230	100	130
Colombia	585	275	305
El Salvador	160	75	90
Guyana	55	40	15
Haiti	725	310	415
Jamaica	110	45	65
Mexico	475	255	215
Peru	285	155	125
Trinidad and Tobago	95	45	50
United States of America	1,945	1,215	730
Other places of birth in Americas	1,375	565	815
Europe	10,780	5,170	5,605
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	45	35
Croatia	70	35	30
France	4,445	2,220	2,225
Germany	260	145	110
Greece	700	315	385
Hungary	210	115	100
Italy	315	150	170
Netherlands	25	25	0
Poland	255	110	150
Portugal	685	315	365
Romania	910	345	565
Russian Federation	495	155	335
Serbia⁸⁶	80	40	40
Ukraine	295	130	170
United Kingdom⁸⁷	455	285	170
Other places of birth in Europe	1,515	745	770
Africa	6,720	3,440	3,275
Algeria	1,355	660	690
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	50	65
Egypt	255	130	125
Eritrea	15	0	0
Ethiopia	70	45	25
Morocco	2,190	1,075	1,110
Nigeria	35	10	25
Somalia	20	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	15
Other places of birth in Africa	2,635	1,430	1,200
Asia	9,310	4,350	4,965
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	990	445	540
Iraq	70	40	25
Lebanon	1,005	540	465
Syria⁸⁹	325	170	160
Turkey	170	80	85
China⁹⁰	730	295	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	30	60
Korea, South⁹²	165	55	105
Taiwan	35	10	25
Philippines	2,425	1,000	1,420
Viet Nam	705	325	380
Bangladesh	325	165	160
India	595	355	240
Pakistan	75	25	50
Sri Lanka	320	140	180
Other places of birth in Asia	1,285	650	640
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	75	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,265	3,800	3,465
Americas	1,040	575	470
Brazil	90	35	55
Colombia	100	50	55
Haiti	70	45	25
Jamaica	15	15	0
Mexico	80	50	30
United States of America	440	275	160
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	35	55
Other places of birth in Americas	150	65	85
Europe	1,860	950	910
France	1,275	665	605
Germany	20	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0
Italy	35	20	20
Russian Federation	75	25	50
Ukraine	65	20	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	55	40
Other places of birth in Europe	280	140	140
Africa	1,925	1,005	915
Algeria	355	180	175
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	155	70	85
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10
Côte d'Ivoire	50	25	30
Egypt	35	15	20
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	455	225	225
Nigeria	40	10	25
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	400	225	175
Other places of birth in Africa	380	210	165
Asia	2,390	1,230	1,165
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	55	30	30
China⁹⁰	170	80	95
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	415	270	150
Iran⁸⁸	355	145	205
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	45	35	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	25
Lebanon	100	50	55
Nepal	35	20	20
Pakistan	10	0	10
Philippines	820	395	425
Saudi Arabia	40	40	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	75	55	15
Turkey	20	15	0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10
Viet Nam	45	20	25
Other places of birth in Asia	110	40	65
Oceania and other⁹³	50	40	10
Australia	20	20	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	15	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,925	50,110	50,815
First generation¹⁰⁰	48,645	24,565	24,075
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,180	11,340	11,840
Third generation or more¹⁰²	29,105	14,200	14,900
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	27,655	13,755	13,900
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	18,220	9,020	9,205
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,700	5,020	4,685
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,515	4,000	4,515
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,570	3,255	3,315
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,540	1,330	1,210
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	325	155	175
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	27,655	13,755	13,900
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,685	845	835
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,095	1,840	2,255
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,220	625	595
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,440	1,355	1,085
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	215	135	80
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,005	8,950	9,050
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,925	50,110	50,815
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	32,425	16,225	16,200
South Asian	4,330	2,420	1,905
Chinese	1,965	835	1,135
Black	6,670	3,405	3,265
Filipino	3,155	1,395	1,760
Arab	7,250	3,910	3,340
Latin American	3,530	1,740	1,785
Southeast Asian	1,755	865	895
West Asian	1,825	810	1,015
Korean	345	145	205
Japanese	290	110	175
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	325	145	180
Multiple visible minorities	975	445	535
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	68,500	33,885	34,615
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,925	50,110	50,815
Canadian	9,035	4,365	4,665
English	3,700	1,990	1,710
Irish	4,895	2,260	2,635
Scottish	3,395	1,665	1,730
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,540	11,510	12,025
German	2,995	1,395	1,600
Chinese	2,270	960	1,310
Italian	4,160	1,940	2,220
Indian (India)	2,290	1,320	970
Ukrainian	1,115	515	605
Dutch	735	365	370
Polish	2,300	1,110	1,195
Québécois	4,265	2,240	2,020
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,125	645	480
Filipino	2,995	1,345	1,650
French Canadian	2,915	1,410	1,505
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,310	660	650
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	740	350	395
Métis	185	95	90
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,495	1,340	1,155
Russian	1,965	865	1,100
Norwegian	225	120	105
Welsh	350	170	180
Portuguese	1,865	915	950
American	1,775	935	845
Spanish	2,675	1,375	1,300
Swedish	360	160	200
Hungarian	2,210	1,115	1,090
Acadian	495	255	245
Pakistani	130	70	60
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,455	795	660
Jewish	8,605	4,220	4,385
Punjabi	255	160	95
Vietnamese	1,280	585	690
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,970	1,580	1,390
Greek	2,040	1,005	1,035
Jamaican	310	160	150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	520	260	265
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	25
Korean	335	140	195
Romanian	1,665	705	965
Lebanese	1,930	980	950
Iranian	1,610	730	880
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	515	235	280
Danish	185	55	135
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	150	70	80
Sikh	175	95	75
Austrian	340	170	175
Belgian	1,130	560	575
Haitian	1,400	610	780
Hindu	395	250	145
Mexican	830	445	380
Mennonite	50	30	20
Swiss	770	430	340
Finnish	105	45	65
Sri Lankan	405	195	210
Croatian	200	105	95
Japanese	355	150	205
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	40	55
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	115	45	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	115	55	60
Muslim	560	305	250
Egyptian	660	315	350
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	555	280	275
Tamil	185	90	90
Icelandic	25	15	10
Colombian	815	415	395
Moroccan	2,905	1,560	1,340
Czech	285	85	200
Syrian	515	240	270
Guyanese	50	25	20
Afghan	15	10	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	270	100	165
Serbian	200	80	115
Ojibway	35	20	20
Newfoundlander	30	15	10
Hong Konger	25	0	20
Ontarian	30	10	20
Persian	410	210	210
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	80	70
Turkish	460	250	210
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	425	240	185
Algerian	1,515	805	710
Brazilian	490	190	300
Nigerian	95	60	35
Armenian	540	220	320
Slovak	95	45	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	495	280	220
Somali	95	55	40
Taiwanese	120	50	70
Iraqi	55	30	25
Salvadorean	275	115	155
African Caribbean	265	115	150
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	30	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	275	135	140
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	330	150	185
Algonquin	70	45	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	160	70	80
Lithuanian	195	85	110
South African	70	30	35
Australian	70	55	15
Palestinian	210	105	105
Chilean	415	195	220
Congolese	205	105	105
Nova Scotian	40	15	20
Ethiopian	95	60	30
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	190	85	100
Peruvian	330	175	150
Yoruba	80	70	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	35	60
Berber	800	445	355
Albanian	90	50	35
Maltese	25	10	20
Macedonian	35	15	15
Slovenian	100	55	50
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	240	110	130
New Brunswicker	70	50	20
Gujarati	85	55	30
Eritrean	30	25	10
African Canadian	20	15	10
Israeli	520	280	250
Mohawk	65	40	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	75	45	30
Bulgarian	430	195	235
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	10
Barbadian	70	30	35
African American	65	30	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	65	20
Tunisian	1,040	570	465
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	105	40	65
Cuban	100	50	50
Bosnian	60	25	35
Venezuelan	220	85	135
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	85	35	50
Latvian	65	50	20
Bengali	135	55	80
Cameroonian	420	215	205
Guatemalan	135	60	75
Indonesian	85	40	45
Laotian	190	95	90
Ilocano	140	70	70
Northern Irish	35	25	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	30	30
British Columbian	25	15	15
Ecuadorian	60	35	30
Franco Ontarian	65	25	40
Argentinian	230	135	90
Estonian	25	0	25
Kurdish	95	55	40
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	40	25	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	15
Coptic	50	25	30
Thai	50	20	25
Dominican	160	70	90
Nepali	90	40	55
Kabyle	300	165	130
Assyrian	25	15	10
Igbo	25	20	10
Byelorussian	45	30	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0	15
Abenaki	70	35	35
Moldovan	145	65	80
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	10	30
New Zealander	15	10	0
Sudanese	15	10	0
Breton	400	190	210
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	0
Malaysian	50	35	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	410	225	190
Huron (Wendat)	70	30	45
Saskatchewanian	20	0	20
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	25	0	25
Norman	175	75	100
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	190	95	100
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	35	15	20
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	55	20	35
Mauritian	85	70	15
Kenyan	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	105	45	65
Jordanian	45	25	25
Manitoban	10	10	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	120	55	65
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	30	15	10
Chaldean	10	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	40	25	20
Honduran	80	40	40
Cherokee	25	20	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0
Flemish	80	30	45
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	380	160	215
Azerbaijani	35	25	15
Sicilian	65	30	40
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	55	20	30
Tibetan	25	15	10
Zimbabwean	20	0	10
Burmese	65	35	35
Mongolian	20	0	20
Azorean	35	15	20
Atikamekw	20	10	10
Bamileke	60	35	30
Indo-Guyanese	20	10	10
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	35	25	10
Central African	20	0	20
Libyan	60	30	30
Basque	115	60	60
Uruguayan	55	35	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	30	35
Igorot	30	15	15
Fulani	165	100	65
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	130	70	60
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	205	115	90
Telugu	15	10	0
Roma	20	15	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	140	65	80
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	10	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	20	10	15
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,925	50,110	50,815
Buddhist	1,005	480	525
Christian	36,440	16,645	19,795
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,870	1,820	2,050
Anabaptist	15	10	0
Anglican	510	215	295
Baptist	255	125	135
Catholic	26,150	11,870	14,280
Christian Orthodox	3,670	1,665	2,010
Jehovah's Witness	145	70	75
Latter Day Saints	50	25	25
Lutheran	125	70	55
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	35	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	325	175	150
Presbyterian	120	50	65
Reformed	25	10	10
United Church	135	55	85
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	950	440	510
Hindu	2,175	1,280	900
Jewish	12,125	6,090	6,035
Muslim	11,280	6,040	5,240
Sikh	580	315	265
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	560	275	285
No religion and secular perspectives	36,750	18,980	17,760
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,885	49,550	50,335
Non-movers	81,670	40,255	41,410
Movers	18,215	9,295	8,925
Non-migrants	12,900	6,585	6,315
Migrants	5,315	2,710	2,610
Internal migrants	2,215	1,145	1,075
Intraprovincial migrants	1,260	655	605
Interprovincial migrants	955	485	465
External migrants	3,100	1,560	1,540
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,695	47,475	48,220
Non-movers	46,175	22,170	24,005
Movers	49,520	25,305	24,215
Non-migrants	22,600	11,165	11,435
Migrants	26,920	14,140	12,780
Internal migrants	9,925	4,895	5,030
Intraprovincial migrants	6,995	3,535	3,460
Interprovincial migrants	2,930	1,360	1,570
External migrants	16,995	9,245	7,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,715	41,815	42,895
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,685	4,500	4,180
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,030	37,310	38,715
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,740	27,345	26,400
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,215	1,880	1,335
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,530	25,465	25,065
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,710	41,815	42,895
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,015	4,120	3,885
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,595	7,210	6,395
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,100	30,490	32,610
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,745	9,150	9,595
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,675	2,040	1,645
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,695	1,395	1,295
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	985	640	345
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,820	5,710	6,105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245	1,400	1,845
Bachelor's degree or higher	44,355	21,340	23,020
Bachelor's degree	21,485	10,115	11,365
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,810	1,810	1,995
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,610	805	805
Master's degree	13,850	6,740	7,110
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,605	1,865	1,735
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,745	27,345	26,400
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,785	1,620	1,170
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,790	3,410	2,385
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,170	22,320	22,850
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,065	5,750	5,315
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,595	1,520	1,080
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,885	1,020	865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	715	500	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,370	3,225	3,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,100	1,005	1,090
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,100	16,570	17,530
Bachelor's degree	15,770	7,670	8,100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,930	1,405	1,530
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,125	485	635
Master's degree	11,455	5,625	5,835
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,815	1,385	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,710	41,820	42,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,610	11,325	10,285
Education	2,550	575	1,975
13. Education	2,550	575	1,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,810	2,635	3,170
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	470	305	165
50. Visual and performing arts	5,335	2,330	3,005
Humanities	6,175	2,475	3,700
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,220	330	890
23. English language and literature/letters	650	230	420
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,850	785	1,065
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	580	345	240
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	70
54. History	505	285	220
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,150	370	780
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,760	4,130	6,630
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	200	65	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,655	585	1,070
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	855	130	725
22. Legal professions and studies	2,010	935	1,075
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	365	110	255
42. Psychology	1,515	330	1,185
45. Social sciences	4,165	1,975	2,195
Business, management and public administration	12,295	6,085	6,210
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	690	170	520
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,590	5,910	5,680
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,325	2,200	2,125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,890	715	1,170
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	755	445	310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	505	290	220
40. Physical sciences	1,075	695	375
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	50	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,010	2,850	1,160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,040	2,285	760
25. Library science	205	35	165
27. Mathematics and statistics	605	415	190
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	155	115	45
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,700	6,465	2,235
04. Architecture and related services	1,220	595	625
14. Engineering	5,405	4,085	1,320
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	985	790	195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	440	405	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	370	30
48. Precision production	250	220	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	560	270	290
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	170	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	100	150
Health and related fields	6,495	2,015	4,475
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	315	185	130
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,425	1,425	4,000
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	725	380	340
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,420	785	640
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,015	435	575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	165	135	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	195	30
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,740	27,340	26,395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,575	5,025	3,550
Education	1,605	385	1,220
13. Education	1,605	385	1,220
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,430	2,115	2,320
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	370	240	130
50. Visual and performing arts	4,060	1,870	2,190
Humanities	3,380	1,410	1,975
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	750	215	535
23. English language and literature/letters	500	200	305
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	355	410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	210	155
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	25
54. History	340	185	155
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	550	175	375
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,660	2,930	4,730
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	55	95
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,330	460	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	110	505
22. Legal professions and studies	1,495	655	840
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	75	155
42. Psychology	1,015	210	800
45. Social sciences	2,825	1,360	1,465
Business, management and public administration	9,480	4,630	4,850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	145	345
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,970	4,475	4,495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,665	1,335	1,330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,525	590	935
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	140	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	50	25
40. Physical sciences	815	525	280
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	25	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,030	2,170	865
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,435	1,815	615
25. Library science	110	25	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	405	270	135
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	85	60	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,870	5,120	1,750
04. Architecture and related services	1,000	495	505
14. Engineering	4,350	3,280	1,070
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	680	580	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	325	305	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	330	305	25
48. Precision production	175	160	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	435	185	245
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	105	125
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	80	130
Health and related fields	4,545	1,440	3,105
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	130	100
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,820	1,085	2,735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	20	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	475	205	270
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,050	600	450
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	730	320	410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	130	115	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	170	15
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,740	27,340	26,395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,575	5,025	3,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,165	22,320	22,845
Location of study inside Canada	28,900	14,175	14,725
Same as province or territory of residence	26,385	12,875	13,510
Different than province or territory of residence	2,515	1,300	1,210
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,265	8,145	8,125
Americas	2,790	1,380	1,415
United States of America	1,405	735	670
Mexico	265	120	145
Cuba	50	25	25
Haiti	50	25	30
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	255	120	135
Colombia	330	155	175
Peru	70	30	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	125	45	80
Other locations of study in Americas	240	125	115
Europe	6,870	3,515	3,355
Belgium	180	75	110
France	4,440	2,335	2,105
Germany	130	85	50
Netherlands	55	40	20
Switzerland	165	90	80
Hungary	10	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	70	40	35
Poland	25	15	10
Romania	235	105	135
Russian Federation	210	80	125
Ukraine	85	40	50
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	630	310	315
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	135	70	60
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	440	220	230
Africa	2,230	1,230	1,010
Nigeria	60	30	30
Algeria	520	270	250
Morocco	560	260	300
Tunisia	450	270	185
Egypt	105	65	40
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	15
Other locations of study in Africa	515	320	195
Asia	4,260	1,950	2,305
Iran⁸⁸	855	380	475
Iraq	15	0	10
Israel	60	50	10
Lebanon	260	125	135
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35
Turkey	40	20	15
China⁹⁰	320	150	170
Taiwan	15	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	25	0
Japan	100	45	65
Korea, South⁹²	100	40	65
Philippines	1,190	440	750
Viet Nam	65	15	50
Bangladesh	120	65	55
Sri Lanka	20	0	10
India	760	440	320
Pakistan	45	20	25
Other locations of study in Asia	195	95	105
Oceania	110	75	35
Australia	90	60	30
New Zealand	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,710	41,815	42,895
In the labour force	57,620	29,735	27,875
Employed	50,790	26,260	24,535
Unemployed	6,820	3,480	3,345
Not in the labour force	27,095	12,080	15,015
Participation rate	68.0	71.1	65.0
Employment rate	60.0	62.8	57.2
Unemployment rate	11.8	11.7	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,710	41,820	42,895
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,465	12,325	15,140
Worked	57,245	29,490	27,755
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,525	13,600	10,920
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,725	15,890	16,835
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.9	38.5	37.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,615	29,740	27,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,835	875	960
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,780	28,860	26,920
Employee	45,875	23,115	22,760
Permanent position	34,140	17,620	16,520
Temporary position	11,740	5,500	6,240
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,805	2,060	2,745
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,935	3,440	3,495
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,900	5,745	4,160
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,615	29,740	27,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,835	875	960
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,780	28,860	26,920
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,310	885	420
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,485	4,265	6,230
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,810	4,850	1,960
3 Health occupations	4,320	1,390	2,930
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,610	3,770	5,840
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,465	2,695	2,775
6 Sales and service occupations	12,400	6,645	5,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,445	3,040	400
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	330	200	130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,605	1,135	470
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,615	29,740	27,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,835	875	960
All industries¹⁹¹	55,780	28,860	26,920
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	120	120
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	45	35
22 Utilities	160	80	75
23 Construction	1,185	945	245
31-33 Manufacturing	3,435	2,200	1,235
41 Wholesale trade	1,625	950	675
44-45 Retail trade	5,155	2,685	2,465
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,990	1,530	460
51 Information and cultural industries	3,330	2,025	1,315
52 Finance and insurance	2,835	1,710	1,125
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,185	675	510
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,750	5,045	3,705
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	50	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,240	1,360	885
61 Educational services	7,365	2,900	4,460
62 Health care and social assistance	6,835	2,200	4,640
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,980	965	1,015
72 Accommodation and food services	3,410	1,890	1,520
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,200	680	1,520
91 Public administration	1,690	810	880
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,200	31,980	30,220
English	14,110	7,490	6,615
French	18,200	8,745	9,450
Non-official language	775	395	380
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	775	395	380
English and French	26,220	13,965	12,255
English and non-official language(s)	1,040	510	530
French and non-official language(s)	270	100	170
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,550	745	810
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,200	31,980	30,220
Single responses	55,805	28,575	27,230
Official languages	54,565	27,990	26,575
English	22,965	12,255	10,710
French	31,600	15,735	15,865
Non-official languages	1,245	585	655
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,245	585	655
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	60	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	40	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	995	455	540
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	0	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	0	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	30	0	30
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	720	335	385
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	705	325	380
German	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	695	325	375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	35	45
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	15
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	15	25
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	15	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	15	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	70	70
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10
Portuguese	20	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	100	60	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	35
Chinese languages	70	35	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	25	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,395	3,405	2,990
English and French	5,870	3,125	2,750
English and non-official language(s)	255	145	105
French and non-official language(s)	95	30	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	105	65
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,200	31,980	30,220
None	39,040	19,835	19,205
English	13,030	6,795	6,230
French	8,055	4,365	3,690
Non-official language	990	475	520
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	985	470	520
English and French	80	30	45
English and non-official language(s)	540	250	290
French and non-official language(s)	360	160	205
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	100	65	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,790	26,260	24,535
Worked at home	19,895	10,355	9,545
Worked outside Canada	295	170	120
No fixed workplace address	3,635	2,385	1,250
Usual place of work	26,970	13,345	13,620
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,970	13,345	13,620
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,765	11,055	11,715
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,125	1,120	1,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,950	1,100	855
Commute to a different province or territory	120	75	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,600	15,735	14,865
Car, truck or van	12,200	7,550	4,650
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,000	7,135	3,865
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,195	420	785
Public transit	9,735	4,140	5,595
Walked	5,895	2,440	3,455
Bicycle	1,915	1,115	795
Other method	865	490	380
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,600	15,735	14,865
Less than 15 minutes	6,115	3,175	2,940
15 to 29 minutes	11,010	5,795	5,215
30 to 44 minutes	8,525	4,260	4,260
45 to 59 minutes	2,760	1,420	1,335
60 minutes and over	2,185	1,080	1,105
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,600	15,735	14,865
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	940	675	260
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,880	1,720	1,165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,950	3,430	3,520
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,990	3,770	4,220
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,855	3,360	3,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,990	2,785	2,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,450	10,015	9,440
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,915	4,085	3,830
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,535	5,925	5,610
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,810	7,140	6,670
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,615	2,890	2,725
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,100	2,070	2,030
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,515	820	695
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,190	4,245	3,945

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table