Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince Edward IslandMore information: [Province]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	154,331	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	142,907	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	74,934	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	64,570	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	27.2	...	...	27.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,681.18	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	154,330	75,385	78,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,640	12,120	11,520	15.3	16.1	14.6
0 to 4 years	6,750	3,475	3,280	4.4	4.6	4.2
5 to 9 years	8,085	4,190	3,900	5.2	5.6	4.9
10 to 14 years	8,800	4,455	4,345	5.7	5.9	5.5
15 to 64 years	97,985	48,205	49,775	63.5	63.9	63.1
15 to 19 years	8,560	4,335	4,220	5.5	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	10,570	5,565	5,005	6.8	7.4	6.3
25 to 29 years	9,200	4,765	4,435	6.0	6.3	5.6
30 to 34 years	9,000	4,315	4,685	5.8	5.7	5.9
35 to 39 years	8,980	4,300	4,680	5.8	5.7	5.9
40 to 44 years	9,130	4,360	4,775	5.9	5.8	6.0
45 to 49 years	9,505	4,625	4,890	6.2	6.1	6.2
50 to 54 years	9,960	4,840	5,115	6.5	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	11,640	5,640	6,005	7.5	7.5	7.6
60 to 64 years	11,430	5,460	5,970	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over	32,705	15,060	17,650	21.2	20.0	22.4
65 to 69 years	10,500	5,055	5,450	6.8	6.7	6.9
70 to 74 years	9,190	4,425	4,770	6.0	5.9	6.0
75 to 79 years	5,775	2,675	3,095	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	3,730	1,620	2,110	2.4	2.1	2.7
85 years and over	3,515	1,285	2,230	2.3	1.7	2.8
85 to 89 years	2,230	880	1,355	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	955	310	640	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	295	85	210	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.1	14.6	15.3	16.1	14.6
15 to 64 years	63.5	63.9	63.1	63.5	63.9	63.1
65 years and over	21.2	20.0	22.4	21.2	20.0	22.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	2.8	2.3	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	43.1	42.1	44.0	43.1	42.1	44.0
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	45.2	44.0	42.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,855	...	...	67.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,645	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	2,680	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,135	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,370	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,680	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,635	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	24,470	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	9,475	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	7,620	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	130,690	63,260	67,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	75,415	37,675	37,735	57.7	59.6	56.0
Married	62,350	31,185	31,170	47.7	49.3	46.2
Living common-law	13,060	6,495	6,565	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	9,330	4,580	4,750	7.1	7.2	7.0
Living common law - Separated	700	385	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,655	1,375	1,280	2.0	2.2	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	370	155	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	55,280	25,590	29,690	42.3	40.5	44.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,455	19,470	16,980	27.9	30.8	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,585	1,510	2,070	2.7	2.4	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,235	2,905	4,325	5.5	4.6	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,010	1,695	6,315	6.1	2.7	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,415	...	...	56.1	...	...
3 persons	8,730	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	6,940	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,445	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	36,805	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	30,275	...	...	69.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,985	...	...	32.1	...	...
Without children	16,285	...	...	37.4	...	...
Common-law couples	6,530	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,565	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	3,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,730	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,205	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,525	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	121,345	59,940	61,400	80.6	81.5	79.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	73,600	36,730	36,870	48.9	49.9	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,725	1,520	5,210	4.5	2.1	6.8
Children⁶	41,010	21,685	19,325	27.3	29.5	25.1
In a two-parent family	30,790	16,140	14,650	20.5	21.9	19.0
In a one-parent family	10,220	5,545	4,670	6.8	7.5	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,140	13,605	15,540	19.4	18.5	20.2
Living alone	18,635	7,965	10,675	12.4	10.8	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,870	1,230	1,645	1.9	1.7	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	7,630	4,415	3,220	5.1	6.0	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,905	...	...	61.8	...	...
Couple-family households	34,430	...	...	53.3	...	...
With children⁶	15,530	...	...	24.1	...	...
Without children	18,900	...	...	29.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,480	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,005	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	255	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,555	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,210	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	18,635	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,790	59,350	63,435	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	41,600	36,400	38,800	41,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,870	59,395	63,470	96.8	96.7	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,000	32,400	34,400	36,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,750	54,565	56,190	87.3	88.8	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,000	27,200	30,600	34,000	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,325	46,475	44,850	72.0	75.6	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,600	29,000	31,200	33,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,515	45,585	53,925	78.4	74.2	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	12,800	12,600	12,700	12,800	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,055	13,740	12,310	20.5	22.4	18.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,900	9,000	6,750	7,900	9,000	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,520	15,180	16,340	24.8	24.7	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	7,500	7,500	7,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,000	59,395	63,605	96.9	96.7	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	50,360	42,200	46,120	50,360	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,055	59,435	63,620	97.0	96.7	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	41,320	36,040	38,600	41,320	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,055	54,450	56,605	87.5	88.6	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,480	34,920	39,600	44,480	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,335	46,420	44,915	72.0	75.5	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	42,320	35,680	39,040	42,320	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,930	45,775	54,155	78.7	74.5	82.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,760	12,410	13,060	12,760	12,410	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,430	13,690	12,740	20.8	22.3	19.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	10,030	8,470	9,280	10,030	8,470
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,580	14,960	16,620	24.9	24.3	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,060	7,910	8,200	8,060	7,910	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,135	21,685	19,450	32.4	35.3	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	54,800	50,800	52,800	54,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,300	63,650	56,500	60,300	63,650	56,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	40,270	19,765	20,510	31.7	32.2	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	18,400	14,900	16,600	18,400	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,140	25,560	20,800	23,140	25,560	20,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	81.0	73.6	77.6	81.0	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.8	65.6	59.7	62.8	65.6	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.5	19.0	26.4	22.5	19.0	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.6	6.2	5.4	4.6	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.1	4.5	4.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,105	2,095	2,015	3.2	3.4	3.1
With total income	122,790	59,355	63,440	96.8	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,895	3,975	4,925	7.2	6.7	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	14,340	6,025	8,315	11.7	10.2	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	20,890	9,045	11,845	17.0	15.2	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	19,790	9,245	10,545	16.1	15.6	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	17,000	8,340	8,660	13.8	14.1	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	12,955	6,455	6,495	10.6	10.9	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,715	4,720	3,995	7.1	8.0	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,810	3,225	2,590	4.7	5.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,350	2,255	2,100	3.5	3.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,085	1,490	1,590	2.5	2.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,955	4,570	2,385	5.7	7.7	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,860	3,050	1,810	4.0	5.1	2.9
$150,000 and over	2,095	1,525	575	1.7	2.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,030	2,050	1,980	3.2	3.3	3.0
With after-tax income	122,865	59,400	63,470	96.8	96.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,520	4,180	5,340	7.7	7.0	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	15,360	6,540	8,820	12.5	11.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	25,795	11,500	14,290	21.0	19.4	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	24,250	11,830	12,425	19.7	19.9	19.6
$40,000 to $49,999	18,345	9,085	9,260	14.9	15.3	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	11,585	6,105	5,480	9.4	10.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,100	3,700	3,395	5.8	6.2	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,430	2,260	2,165	3.6	3.8	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,260	1,285	975	1.8	2.2	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	790	460	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	2,985	2,120	865	2.4	3.6	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,535	1,040	490	1.2	1.8	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,450	1,080	375	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,575	14,970	20,600	28.0	24.4	31.5
With employment income	91,325	46,480	44,850	72.0	75.6	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,930	5,690	6,240	13.1	12.2	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	8,250	3,640	4,615	9.0	7.8	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,705	6,760	6,945	15.0	14.5	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	10,530	5,375	5,150	11.5	11.6	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,385	5,090	5,295	11.4	11.0	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,340	4,785	4,560	10.2	10.3	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,545	4,005	3,545	8.3	8.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,440	3,050	2,390	6.0	6.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,945	2,180	1,760	4.3	4.7	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	1,500	1,670	3.5	3.2	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,300	1,150	1,150	2.5	2.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,775	3,245	1,535	5.2	7.0	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,395	1,500	900	2.6	3.2	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,380	1,745	635	2.6	3.8	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,875	58,400	62,480	95.3	95.0	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,200	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,970	58,410	62,560	95.3	95.1	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,400	29,800	32,000	34,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,215	54,175	56,035	86.9	88.2	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,400	27,200	30,600	34,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,525	46,765	45,760	72.9	76.1	69.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	33,600	28,200	30,600	33,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,695	40,155	49,545	70.7	65.3	75.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,700	9,400	9,500	9,700	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	24,835	13,170	11,665	19.6	21.4	17.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	9,300	7,400	8,500	9,300	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,955	58,395	62,560	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	48,560	39,480	43,880	48,560	39,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	121,030	58,405	62,630	95.4	95.0	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,680	33,640	36,560	39,680	33,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,435	54,220	56,220	87.0	88.2	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	44,720	34,760	39,640	44,720	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,705	46,845	45,860	73.1	76.2	70.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,120	43,120	35,040	39,120	43,120	35,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,655	40,055	49,600	70.7	65.2	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,330	10,240	10,400	10,330	10,240	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,780	13,020	11,760	19.5	21.2	18.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,450	10,070	8,750	9,450	10,070	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,840	21,500	19,340	32.2	35.0	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	52,400	48,000	50,400	52,400	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,150	61,050	52,850	57,150	61,050	52,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,455	19,000	19,455	30.3	30.9	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,200	17,600	19,400	21,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,480	30,720	24,300	27,480	30,720	24,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	85.6	79.2	82.6	85.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	68.4	71.2	65.0	68.4	71.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)	17.4	14.5	20.9	17.4	14.5	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	64,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	45,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	64,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,200	...	...	36,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	45,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	630	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	885	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,490	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,945	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,870	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,695	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,475	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,965	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,725	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,930	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,930	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,575	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,010	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,095	...	...	7.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,250	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	710	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	360	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	915	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,270	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,870	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,985	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,300	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,530	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,445	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,235	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,155	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,990	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,415	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,740	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,920	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,730	...	...	22.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,845	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,760	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,125	...	...	6.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	26,270	12,375	13,895	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,800	33,200	34,000	34,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,200	30,400	30,800	31,200	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,450	...	...	61,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	26,230	12,215	14,015	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040	40,480	39,600	40,040	40,480	39,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,280	34,400	34,200	34,280	34,400	34,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,685	14,705	13,985	19.1	20.0	18.2
0 to 5 years	8,260	4,280	3,980	5.5	5.8	5.2
18 to 64 years	91,000	44,465	46,535	60.5	60.5	60.5
65 years and over	30,800	14,375	16,425	20.5	19.5	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,725	9,395	11,325	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,460	2,275	2,185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,295	690	605	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,145	4,695	5,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,120	2,425	3,695	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	12.8	14.7	13.8	12.8	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.5	15.6	15.5	15.5	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7	16.1	15.2	15.7	16.1	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.6	11.7	11.2	10.6	11.7
65 years and over (%)	19.9	16.9	22.5	19.9	16.9	22.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	149,875	73,240	76,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,475	14,600	13,875	19.0	19.9	18.1
0 to 5 years	8,205	4,250	3,960	5.5	5.8	5.2
18 to 64 years	90,630	44,285	46,350	60.5	60.5	60.5
65 years and over	30,765	14,355	16,410	20.5	19.6	21.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,185	3,095	3,095	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,150	595	555	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	300	155	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,615	2,320	2,300	...	...	...
65 years and over	425	180	240	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	90,760	43,710	47,050	60.3	59.4	61.2
In bottom decile	18,220	8,555	9,670	12.1	11.6	12.6
In second decile	19,490	9,135	10,355	13.0	12.4	13.5
In third decile	18,460	8,965	9,495	12.3	12.2	12.3
In fourth decile	17,650	8,650	8,995	11.7	11.8	11.7
In fifth decile	16,945	8,405	8,535	11.3	11.4	11.1
In top half of the distribution	59,720	29,830	29,890	39.7	40.6	38.8
In sixth decile	15,690	7,820	7,870	10.4	10.6	10.2
In seventh decile	14,460	7,135	7,330	9.6	9.7	9.5
In eighth decile	12,475	6,250	6,225	8.3	8.5	8.1
In ninth decile	9,835	4,920	4,915	6.5	6.7	6.4
In top decile	7,255	3,705	3,550	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	150,480	...	...	150,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.435	...	...	0.435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	152,455	74,645	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	131,465	65,710	65,755	86.2	88.0	84.5
French only	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	19,385	8,185	11,195	12.7	11.0	14.4
Neither English nor French	1,480	680	795	1.0	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	152,455	74,645	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	146,265	71,800	74,465	95.9	96.2	95.7
French	4,350	2,020	2,330	2.9	2.7	3.0
English and French	415	180	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,425	650	780	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	152,455	74,645	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	149,950	73,405	76,540	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	136,985	66,615	70,370	89.9	89.2	90.4
English	132,425	64,525	67,900	86.9	86.4	87.3
French	4,560	2,085	2,475	3.0	2.8	3.2
Non-official languages	12,965	6,795	6,170	8.5	9.1	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,920	6,770	6,145	8.5	9.1	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	515	425	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	865	480	390	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	830	455	375	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	610	300	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	605	295	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,295	580	715	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,165	525	640	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	495	305	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	395	245	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,195	2,890	2,300	3.4	3.9	3.0
Albanian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	475	215	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	470	210	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	230	105	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,095	575	520	0.7	0.8	0.7
Frisian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	525	270	260	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	475	235	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	270	235	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	440	235	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,600	1,580	1,020	1.7	2.1	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,380	1,460	915	1.6	2.0	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	280	205	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	245	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	180	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,380	850	530	0.9	1.1	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	120	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	220	120	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	850	425	420	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	550	285	270	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,795	1,930	1,870	2.5	2.6	2.4
Chinese languages	3,730	1,890	1,840	2.4	2.5	2.4
Hakka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,240	1,625	1,620	2.1	2.2	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,505	1,240	1,265	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	970	430	540	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,320	695	625	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	152,455	74,645	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	134,785	65,730	69,060	88.4	88.1	88.8
French	1,620	755	860	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-official language	5,485	2,965	2,520	3.6	4.0	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,480	2,960	2,515	3.6	4.0	3.2
English and French	2,605	1,120	1,485	1.7	1.5	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	7,300	3,755	3,545	4.8	5.0	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	155	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	152,455	74,645	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	150,355	73,620	76,735	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	141,285	68,820	72,460	92.7	92.2	93.1
English	139,195	67,855	71,345	91.3	90.9	91.7
French	2,085	960	1,120	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-official languages	9,080	4,800	4,275	6.0	6.4	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,065	4,800	4,270	5.9	6.4	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	315	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	560	295	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	545	285	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	585	300	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	580	300	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	880	415	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	385	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	350	205	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	295	175	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,950	1,675	1,280	1.9	2.2	1.6
Albanian	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	105	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	380	195	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,820	1,105	720	1.2	1.5	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,665	1,030	635	1.1	1.4	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	190	140	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,070	665	410	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	220	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	310	165	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,365	1,735	1,635	2.2	2.3	2.1
Chinese languages	3,325	1,710	1,610	2.2	2.3	2.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,985	1,550	1,440	2.0	2.1	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,100	1,030	1,070	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	450	170	290	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,575	820	750	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	152,455	74,645	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	143,655	70,300	73,355	94.2	94.2	94.3
English	3,250	1,615	1,630	2.1	2.2	2.1
French	1,810	810	1,000	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-official language	2,750	1,390	1,355	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,690	1,365	1,325	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	475	260	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	305	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	149,645	73,110	76,535	99.4	99.4	99.5
English	149,525	73,045	76,480	99.4	99.3	99.4
French	19,445	8,285	11,155	12.9	11.3	14.5
Non-official languages	16,155	8,280	7,870	10.7	11.3	10.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,015	8,220	7,790	10.6	11.2	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,320	735	585	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,260	700	555	0.8	1.0	0.7
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,165	645	520	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	785	390	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	785	390	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,670	690	980	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,625	670	955	1.1	0.9	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	155	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	730	420	310	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	600	335	265	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,735	4,145	3,590	5.1	5.6	4.7
Albanian	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	675	355	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	665	350	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	325	170	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,755	885	875	1.2	1.2	1.1
Frisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,060	560	500	0.7	0.8	0.6
German	1,040	550	500	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	675	340	335	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	550	285	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,275	1,980	1,295	2.2	2.7	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,985	1,830	1,160	2.0	2.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	145	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	325	240	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	1,660	1,050	605	1.1	1.4	0.8
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,550	955	595	1.0	1.3	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	55	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,950	905	1,045	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	340	140	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,425	670	755	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	310	130	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	215	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,275	1,590	1,685	2.2	2.2	2.2
Chinese languages	3,195	1,555	1,640	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,940	1,415	1,535	2.0	1.9	2.0
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	445	250	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,480	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,385	1,620	1,765	2.2	2.2	2.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,185	1,545	1,635	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,165	1,070	1,090	1.4	1.5	1.4
Métis	845	395	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	147,100	71,925	75,175	97.8	97.8	97.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,480	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,460	705	765	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	149,020	72,840	76,180	99.0	99.0	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,420	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	19,990	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,860	...	...	2.9	...	...
Not condominium	62,710	...	...	97.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,035	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,730	...	...	27.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,505	...	...	38.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,090	...	...	24.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,865	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 rooms	10,815	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	9,985	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	8,705	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,200	...	...	29.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	63,890	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	680	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	62,550	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	2,015	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,795	...	...	22.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,450	...	...	25.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,110	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,100	...	...	12.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,870	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,360	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,100	...	...	6.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,790	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	59,995	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,575	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,085	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	30,070	...	...	46.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,415	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,460	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,045	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,530	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,945	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,405	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,060	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,215	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,910	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	63,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,610	...	...	84.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,865	...	...	15.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,995	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,305	...	...	23.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,855	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,690	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,630	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	805	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	49,260	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,370	...	...	7.0	...	...
Not in core need	58,235	...	...	93.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,730	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031	...	...	1,031	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.3	...	...	30.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...	996	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	165	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	272	...	...	272	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,680	825	850	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,650	820	830	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,415	700	710	0.9	1.0	0.9
Métis single ancestry	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,870	1,780	2,095	2.6	2.4	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,795	1,740	2,060	2.5	2.4	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,990	1,355	1,635	2.0	1.8	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	660	315	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	144,930	70,935	74,000	96.3	96.5	96.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	138,690	67,315	71,375	92.2	91.5	92.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,690	13,640	13,045	17.7	18.5	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	112,005	53,670	58,330	74.4	73.0	75.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,795	6,225	5,565	7.8	8.5	7.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	133,285	64,765	68,520	88.6	88.1	89.1
Immigrants⁸¹	11,765	5,740	6,025	7.8	7.8	7.8
Before 1980	2,170	1,000	1,170	1.4	1.4	1.5
1980 to 1990	720	365	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	710	300	415	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,685	810	875	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,475	3,260	3,210	4.3	4.4	4.2
2011 to 2015	1,615	815	800	1.1	1.1	1.0
2016 to 2021	4,860	2,445	2,410	3.2	3.3	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,430	3,040	2,395	3.6	4.1	3.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,765	5,740	6,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,130	560	570	9.6	9.8	9.5
5 to 14 years	2,420	1,285	1,130	20.6	22.4	18.8
15 to 24 years	1,905	940	970	16.2	16.4	16.1
25 to 44 years	4,900	2,190	2,710	41.6	38.2	45.0
45 years and over	1,405	765	640	11.9	13.3	10.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,765	5,740	6,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,830	830	1,000	15.6	14.5	16.6
Brazil	85	40	50	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombia	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyana	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	130	65	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	50	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.6
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,170	505	665	9.9	8.8	11.0
Other places of birth in Americas	260	150	105	2.2	2.6	1.7
Europe	3,275	1,630	1,645	27.8	28.4	27.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Croatia	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
France	110	40	70	0.9	0.7	1.2
Germany	185	90	100	1.6	1.6	1.7
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	45	20	20	0.4	0.3	0.3
Italy	75	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	430	240	185	3.7	4.2	3.1
Poland	100	50	45	0.8	0.9	0.7
Portugal	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Romania	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian Federation	105	45	60	0.9	0.8	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,385	670	710	11.8	11.7	11.8
Other places of birth in Europe	575	290	285	4.9	5.1	4.7
Africa	625	320	310	5.3	5.6	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Egypt	55	25	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	60	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	110	55	60	0.9	1.0	1.0
Somalia	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	120	55	65	1.0	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	220	120	95	1.9	2.1	1.6
Asia	5,965	2,920	3,040	50.7	50.9	50.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	185	110	80	1.6	1.9	1.3
Iraq	55	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Lebanon	140	85	55	1.2	1.5	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	400	210	185	3.4	3.7	3.1
Turkey	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,675	820	855	14.2	14.3	14.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	125	80	45	1.1	1.4	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	30	0.3	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	155	65	90	1.3	1.1	1.5
Philippines	1,015	390	620	8.6	6.8	10.3
Viet Nam	525	265	260	4.5	4.6	4.3
Bangladesh	90	55	35	0.8	1.0	0.6
India	835	475	360	7.1	8.3	6.0
Pakistan	85	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	70	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	530	225	305	4.5	3.9	5.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,860	2,450	2,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	465	210	250	9.6	8.6	10.4
Brazil	50	30	20	1.0	1.2	0.8
Colombia	35	15	25	0.7	0.6	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	45	60	2.3	1.8	2.5
Mexico	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
United States of America	140	45	95	2.9	1.8	3.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	60	35	2.1	2.4	1.5
Europe	445	210	230	9.2	8.6	9.5
France	45	25	15	0.9	1.0	0.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Italy	35	10	20	0.7	0.4	0.8
Russian Federation	45	20	30	0.9	0.8	1.2
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	65	70	2.7	2.7	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	135	70	70	2.8	2.9	2.9
Africa	270	135	130	5.6	5.5	5.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Nigeria	85	40	45	1.7	1.6	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	40	25	1.3	1.6	1.0
Asia	3,660	1,880	1,780	75.3	76.7	73.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	25	20	1.0	1.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	1,170	595	575	24.1	24.3	23.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	45	30	1.4	1.8	1.2
India	665	390	280	13.7	15.9	11.6
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Iraq	40	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.6
Israel	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Nepal	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Philippines	630	255	370	13.0	10.4	15.4
Saudi Arabia	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	220	125	95	4.5	5.1	3.9
Turkey	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United Arab Emirates	55	15	35	1.1	0.6	1.5
Viet Nam	470	240	230	9.7	9.8	9.5
Other places of birth in Asia	115	55	65	2.4	2.2	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Australia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,220	9,240	8,975	12.1	12.6	11.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,775	4,825	4,950	6.5	6.6	6.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	122,495	59,475	63,020	81.4	80.9	81.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,595	4,740	4,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,100	3,605	3,495	74.0	76.1	72.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,925	1,635	1,285	30.5	34.5	26.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,175	1,975	2,205	43.5	41.7	45.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,420	585	835	14.8	12.3	17.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,010	510	505	10.5	10.8	10.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,595	4,740	4,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,525	740	785	15.9	15.6	16.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	370	170	200	3.9	3.6	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	915	505	405	9.5	10.7	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,710	3,290	3,420	69.9	69.4	70.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,310	7,420	6,890	9.5	10.1	9.0
South Asian	3,735	2,290	1,450	2.5	3.1	1.9
Chinese	3,335	1,615	1,730	2.2	2.2	2.2
Black	1,815	990	825	1.2	1.3	1.1
Filipino	1,760	725	1,035	1.2	1.0	1.3
Arab	1,125	605	520	0.7	0.8	0.7
Latin American	585	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	1,040	485	555	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	295	170	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	190	50	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	136,175	66,125	70,055	90.5	89.9	91.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	150,485	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	22,825	11,140	11,680	15.2	15.1	15.2
English	36,050	17,210	18,840	24.0	23.4	24.5
Irish	41,845	19,570	22,275	27.8	26.6	29.0
Scottish	51,235	24,155	27,085	34.0	32.8	35.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,355	10,150	11,200	14.2	13.8	14.6
German	7,175	3,390	3,785	4.8	4.6	4.9
Chinese	3,050	1,450	1,600	2.0	2.0	2.1
Italian	1,655	830	830	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indian (India)	2,280	1,440	840	1.5	2.0	1.1
Ukrainian	1,050	525	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dutch	4,465	2,205	2,260	3.0	3.0	2.9
Polish	1,055	445	610	0.7	0.6	0.8
Québécois	195	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,170	1,575	1,600	2.1	2.1	2.1
Filipino	1,600	675	925	1.1	0.9	1.2
French Canadian	970	440	530	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	6,135	2,975	3,165	4.1	4.0	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,705	765	935	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	915	445	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,230	1,065	1,170	1.5	1.4	1.5
Russian	545	235	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	620	260	365	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	2,495	1,235	1,260	1.7	1.7	1.6
Portuguese	425	215	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,080	505	570	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	565	285	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	420	160	260	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	425	210	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	8,265	3,935	4,330	5.5	5.4	5.6
Pakistani	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	485	230	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	260	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	420	195	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	730	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	485	270	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Greek	220	115	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	415	225	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	715	365	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	560	270	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	685	345	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	725	350	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	230	145	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	340	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	285	200	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	255	160	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	505	260	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	110	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	250	85	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,560	730	835	1.0	1.0	1.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	355	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	390	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	375	200	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	200	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	255	110	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	110	85	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	90	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	250	105	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	60	50	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	3,150	1,490	1,660	2.1	2.0	2.2
Maliseet	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	150,480	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	755	315	435	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	101,755	47,920	53,830	67.6	65.2	70.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,195	4,485	4,705	6.1	6.1	6.1
Anabaptist	170	120	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	5,025	2,250	2,770	3.3	3.1	3.6
Baptist	4,700	2,140	2,560	3.1	2.9	3.3
Catholic	51,790	24,740	27,040	34.4	33.6	35.1
Christian Orthodox	400	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	485	210	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	245	105	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	785	360	420	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,010	485	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	6,520	3,095	3,425	4.3	4.2	4.5
Reformed	325	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	14,635	6,565	8,070	9.7	8.9	10.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,300	2,945	3,350	4.2	4.0	4.4
Hindu	1,245	835	410	0.8	1.1	0.5
Jewish	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,720	985	735	1.1	1.3	1.0
Sikh	1,165	685	485	0.8	0.9	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	765	295	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	42,830	22,390	20,445	28.5	30.4	26.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	149,245	72,945	76,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	130,455	63,805	66,650	87.4	87.5	87.4
Movers	18,785	9,135	9,650	12.6	12.5	12.6
Non-migrants	9,310	4,530	4,775	6.2	6.2	6.3
Migrants	9,480	4,605	4,870	6.4	6.3	6.4
Internal migrants	8,185	4,000	4,180	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,225	2,000	2,225	2.8	2.7	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,960	2,005	1,955	2.7	2.7	2.6
External migrants	1,300	605	690	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	143,735	70,150	73,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	84,530	41,055	43,480	58.8	58.5	59.1
Movers	59,205	29,090	30,110	41.2	41.5	40.9
Non-migrants	15,485	7,600	7,890	10.8	10.8	10.7
Migrants	43,720	21,500	22,220	30.4	30.6	30.2
Internal migrants	35,150	16,985	18,165	24.5	24.2	24.7
Intraprovincial migrants	22,795	10,800	11,995	15.9	15.4	16.3
Interprovincial migrants	12,355	6,180	6,170	8.6	8.8	8.4
External migrants	8,565	4,510	4,055	6.0	6.4	5.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,245	13,000	9,245	17.5	21.2	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	104,655	48,455	56,205	82.5	78.9	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,465	37,375	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,870	5,190	2,680	10.2	13.9	6.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,595	32,185	37,410	89.8	86.1	93.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	126,895	61,450	65,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,385	11,710	8,675	16.1	19.1	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,980	18,305	17,675	28.4	29.8	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,530	31,435	39,095	55.6	51.2	59.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,635	19,625	23,015	33.6	31.9	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,245	6,125	2,125	6.5	10.0	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,255	2,815	1,435	3.4	4.6	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,990	3,305	690	3.1	5.4	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	31,135	12,375	18,760	24.5	20.1	28.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,260	1,125	2,130	2.6	1.8	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,890	11,810	16,080	22.0	19.2	24.6
Bachelor's degree	18,950	7,885	11,060	14.9	12.8	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,510	630	880	1.2	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	335	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,930	2,465	3,465	4.7	4.0	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	800	495	305	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,465	37,375	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,070	4,590	2,480	9.1	12.3	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,245	10,890	9,350	26.1	29.1	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,155	21,900	28,255	64.7	58.6	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,955	13,375	15,580	37.4	35.8	38.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,140	3,920	1,220	6.6	10.5	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,525	1,750	775	3.3	4.7	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,615	2,170	445	3.4	5.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,955	8,775	13,180	28.3	23.5	32.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,865	680	1,180	2.4	1.8	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,195	8,525	12,670	27.4	22.8	31.6
Bachelor's degree	14,335	5,735	8,600	18.5	15.3	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,035	420	610	1.3	1.1	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	545	225	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	4,685	1,795	2,890	6.0	4.8	7.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	595	350	245	0.8	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,370	30,015	26,350	44.4	48.8	40.3
Education	5,125	1,330	3,790	4.0	2.2	5.8
13. Education	5,125	1,330	3,790	4.0	2.2	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,660	725	945	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,535	630	910	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	3,485	1,505	1,985	2.7	2.4	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	25	175	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	885	305	580	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	775	290	485	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	290	170	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	475	260	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	660	400	260	0.5	0.7	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,600	1,915	4,680	5.2	3.1	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	660	250	420	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,485	85	1,400	1.2	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,075	275	795	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,315	345	965	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,850	910	940	1.5	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	17,515	5,810	11,705	13.8	9.5	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,610	310	1,300	1.3	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,870	5,500	10,375	12.5	9.0	15.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,865	1,220	1,640	2.3	2.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,405	635	770	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	790	270	520	0.6	0.4	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	535	305	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,905	1,955	945	2.3	3.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,590	1,830	760	2.0	3.0	1.2
25. Library science	115	10	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,630	11,710	920	10.0	19.1	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	300	190	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,710	1,455	255	1.3	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,460	2,155	310	1.9	3.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,740	3,660	85	2.9	6.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,765	2,695	65	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,650	1,560	90	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,285	1,290	990	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,705	940	765	1.3	1.5	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	350	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	11,310	1,710	9,600	8.9	2.8	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	740	390	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,360	1,215	9,145	8.2	2.0	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,145	2,255	1,890	3.3	3.7	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,300	640	1,660	1.8	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	535	155	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	1,005	65	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,465	37,380	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,315	15,475	11,835	35.3	41.4	29.5
Education	3,205	805	2,395	4.1	2.2	6.0
13. Education	3,205	805	2,395	4.1	2.2	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,190	520	665	1.5	1.4	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	445	635	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	2,420	955	1,465	3.1	2.6	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	20	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	675	215	460	0.9	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545	205	335	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	130	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
54. History	430	235	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,015	1,340	3,675	6.5	3.6	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	180	335	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,085	40	1,045	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	860	175	680	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,030	270	765	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,370	640	725	1.8	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	12,520	4,065	8,460	16.2	10.9	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,215	250	960	1.6	0.7	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,280	3,805	7,470	14.6	10.2	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,925	785	1,140	2.5	2.1	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	980	415	570	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	165	360	0.7	0.4	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	360	200	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,180	1,480	695	2.8	4.0	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,990	1,405	580	2.6	3.8	1.4
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,795	8,035	760	11.4	21.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,305	1,080	215	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,720	1,480	235	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,570	2,510	65	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,865	1,805	65	2.4	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,120	1,045	70	1.4	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	860	785	2.1	2.3	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,200	590	605	1.5	1.6	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	445	270	180	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	8,175	1,375	6,800	10.6	3.7	17.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	550	310	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,480	1,000	6,480	9.7	2.7	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,085	1,675	1,410	4.0	4.5	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,725	490	1,230	2.2	1.3	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	435	130	0.7	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	700	50	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	77,465	37,380	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,315	15,475	11,835	35.3	41.4	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	50,155	21,900	28,255	64.7	58.6	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	44,390	19,190	25,190	57.3	51.3	62.8
Same as province or territory of residence	28,780	12,385	16,395	37.2	33.1	40.9
Different than province or territory of residence	15,610	6,810	8,800	20.2	18.2	22.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,770	2,705	3,060	7.4	7.2	7.6
Americas	1,075	475	600	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	745	325	425	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mexico	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	975	540	435	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405	255	155	0.5	0.7	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	175	95	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,450	1,555	1,900	4.5	4.2	4.7
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,005	450	550	1.3	1.2	1.4
Taiwan	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japan	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	710	260	450	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	265	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bangladesh	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	30	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	720	400	320	0.9	1.1	0.8
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	130	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	126,895	61,450	65,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	83,500	42,850	40,645	...	...	...
Employed	74,870	38,215	36,655	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,625	4,640	3,985	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,400	18,600	24,805	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.8	69.7	62.1	65.8	69.7	62.1
Employment rate	59.0	62.2	56.0	59.0	62.2	56.0
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.8	9.8	10.3	10.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,395	18,215	24,180	33.4	29.6	36.9
Worked	84,500	43,235	41,270	66.6	70.4	63.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,150	22,300	19,850	33.2	36.3	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	42,355	20,935	21,420	33.4	34.1	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.5	39.6	39.6	39.5	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	83,500	42,855	40,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,550	770	785	1.9	1.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,950	42,080	39,865	98.1	98.2	98.1
Employee	71,500	35,120	36,380	85.6	82.0	89.5
Permanent position	51,320	24,920	26,400	61.5	58.1	65.0
Temporary position	20,185	10,200	9,985	24.2	23.8	24.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,005	1,745	2,265	4.8	4.1	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	16,175	8,455	7,720	19.4	19.7	19.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,445	6,960	3,485	12.5	16.2	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	83,500	42,855	40,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,550	770	785	1.9	1.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,950	42,080	39,865	98.1	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	830	505	325	1.0	1.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,330	3,500	8,825	14.8	8.2	21.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,040	3,685	1,355	6.0	8.6	3.3
3 Health occupations	6,815	1,020	5,790	8.2	2.4	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,090	2,990	7,095	12.1	7.0	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,855	875	985	2.2	2.0	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	19,750	8,170	11,575	23.7	19.1	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,165	13,110	1,060	17.0	30.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,760	5,385	1,370	8.1	12.6	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,330	2,840	1,490	5.2	6.6	3.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	83,500	42,855	40,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,550	770	785	1.9	1.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	81,950	42,080	39,865	98.1	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,530	5,680	1,845	9.0	13.3	4.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	190	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	320	250	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	6,690	6,035	660	8.0	14.1	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	6,760	4,600	2,155	8.1	10.7	5.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,395	1,045	350	1.7	2.4	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	8,960	4,180	4,780	10.7	9.8	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,695	2,080	615	3.2	4.9	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	775	435	340	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,845	705	1,140	2.2	1.6	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	540	380	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,280	2,320	1,960	5.1	5.4	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,975	1,750	1,225	3.6	4.1	3.0
61 Educational services	6,100	1,915	4,190	7.3	4.5	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	10,455	1,685	8,775	12.5	3.9	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,705	960	740	2.0	2.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	5,480	2,170	3,315	6.6	5.1	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,655	1,740	1,915	4.4	4.1	4.7
91 Public administration	9,105	3,765	5,340	10.9	8.8	13.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	90,300	46,115	44,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,630	44,185	41,445	94.8	95.8	93.8
French	725	235	495	0.8	0.5	1.1
Non-official language	355	175	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	355	175	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	2,475	925	1,550	2.7	2.0	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,065	575	490	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	90,300	46,115	44,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,790	45,860	43,925	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	89,165	45,565	43,595	98.7	98.8	98.7
English	87,960	45,185	42,775	97.4	98.0	96.8
French	1,205	380	825	1.3	0.8	1.9
Non-official languages	625	295	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	620	295	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	165	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	395	155	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	355	135	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	510	260	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	225	85	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	280	165	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	90,300	46,115	44,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,190	44,825	42,360	96.6	97.2	95.9
English	720	270	455	0.8	0.6	1.0
French	1,780	695	1,085	2.0	1.5	2.5
Non-official language	500	280	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	275	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	74,875	38,215	36,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,180	5,325	5,855	14.9	13.9	16.0
Worked outside Canada	170	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	10,805	8,300	2,515	14.4	21.7	6.9
Usual place of work	52,715	24,485	28,230	70.4	64.1	77.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,720	24,485	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,715	9,930	11,785	41.2	40.6	41.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	24,575	11,155	13,425	46.6	45.6	47.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,985	2,695	2,290	9.5	11.0	8.1
Commute to a different province or territory	1,440	705	730	2.7	2.9	2.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	63,525	32,780	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	58,720	30,460	28,255	92.4	92.9	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	53,830	28,505	25,330	84.7	87.0	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,880	1,955	2,925	7.7	6.0	9.5
Public transit	890	415	470	1.4	1.3	1.5
Walked	2,670	1,245	1,425	4.2	3.8	4.6
Bicycle	170	105	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other method	1,085	545	530	1.7	1.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	63,525	32,780	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	29,520	14,480	15,045	46.5	44.2	48.9
15 to 29 minutes	21,585	11,075	10,505	34.0	33.8	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	7,555	4,120	3,440	11.9	12.6	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,890	1,740	1,145	4.5	5.3	3.7
60 minutes and over	1,975	1,370	605	3.1	4.2	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	63,525	32,780	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,485	2,365	1,120	5.5	7.2	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,915	6,490	4,420	17.2	19.8	14.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,490	11,240	10,240	33.8	34.3	33.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,300	5,400	7,900	20.9	16.5	25.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,725	2,345	3,380	9.0	7.2	11.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,605	4,930	3,675	13.5	15.0	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,300	14,995	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,870	1,395	1,475	9.8	9.3	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,435	13,600	12,835	90.2	90.7	89.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,030	11,245	10,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,230	1,055	1,175	10.1	9.4	10.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,435	655	780	6.5	5.8	7.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	790	400	395	3.6	3.6	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,795	10,195	9,605	89.9	90.7	89.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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