Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince George--Peace River--Northern RockiesMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,998	...	...
Population, 2016¹	110,995	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,047	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,027	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	249,105.22	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,000	55,705	53,290
0 to 14 years	20,970	10,810	10,160
0 to 4 years	6,655	3,375	3,280
5 to 9 years	7,195	3,680	3,515
10 to 14 years	7,120	3,755	3,365
15 to 64 years	72,335	37,110	35,225
15 to 19 years	6,240	3,330	2,915
20 to 24 years	6,250	3,270	2,975
25 to 29 years	7,815	4,020	3,795
30 to 34 years	8,320	4,295	4,025
35 to 39 years	8,220	4,175	4,050
40 to 44 years	6,970	3,510	3,465
45 to 49 years	6,590	3,355	3,235
50 to 54 years	6,895	3,440	3,455
55 to 59 years	7,625	3,955	3,675
60 to 64 years	7,410	3,780	3,630
65 years and over	15,690	7,785	7,905
65 to 69 years	5,935	3,045	2,890
70 to 74 years	4,165	2,090	2,075
75 to 79 years	2,665	1,365	1,300
80 to 84 years	1,590	745	845
85 years and over	1,335	540	795
85 to 89 years	905	385	525
90 to 94 years	350	135	210
95 to 99 years	80	15	60
100 years and over	5	5	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.4	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.4	66.6	66.1
65 years and over	14.4	14.0	14.8
85 years and over	1.2	1.0	1.5
Average age of the population	38.8	38.5	39.2
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,025	...	...
Single-detached house	29,390	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,825	...	...
Row house	2,200	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,315	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,345	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	415	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5,460	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,025	...	...
1 person	13,315	...	...
2 persons	16,105	...	...
3 persons	6,565	...	...
4 persons	5,560	...	...
5 or more persons	3,480	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,950	54,555	52,405
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,025	44,895	43,130
Married or living common-law	51,755	25,960	25,790
Married	39,420	19,800	19,615
Living common-law	12,330	6,155	6,175
Living common law - Never married	9,340	4,690	4,655
Living common law - Separated	695	350	340
Living common law - Divorced	2,070	1,025	1,040
Living common law - Widowed	230	90	140
Not married and not living common-law	36,275	18,935	17,340
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,325	14,140	10,190
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,855	1,335	1,520
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,160	2,545	2,615
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,935	925	3,010
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,030	...	...
2 persons	16,120	...	...
3 persons	5,990	...	...
4 persons	5,195	...	...
5 or more persons	2,720	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,035	...	...
Total couple families	25,245	...	...
Married couples	19,080	...	...
With children⁶	9,320	...	...
Without children	9,760	...	...
Common-law couples	6,170	...	...
With children⁶	2,690	...	...
Without children	3,475	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,785	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,500	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,285	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,950	54,550	52,400
Total - Persons in census families	85,980	42,920	43,065
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,490	25,225	25,265
Parents in one-parent families	4,785	1,290	3,500
Children⁶	30,705	16,410	14,295
In a two-parent family	23,265	12,305	10,960
In a one-parent family	7,440	4,105	3,330
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,975	11,635	9,335
Living alone	13,315	7,370	5,940
Living with other relatives⁷	2,465	1,195	1,265
Living with non-relatives only	5,190	3,060	2,135
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,025	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,945	...	...
Couple-family households	23,200	...	...
With children⁶	11,095	...	...
Without children	12,110	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,740	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	720	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	215	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,590	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,250	...	...
One-person households	13,315	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,240	43,855	42,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,355	42,490	40,865
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	61,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,415	42,515	40,895
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	53,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,665	39,300	35,360
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	60,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,855	34,870	29,985
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	62,800	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,245	30,530	34,715
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,900	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,925	5,095	4,835
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,175	10,585	10,585
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,025	43,775	42,250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,215	42,475	40,740
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,300	71,600	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,250	42,490	40,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,800	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,595	39,280	35,320
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,250	69,100	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,800	35,005	29,795
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,750	68,700	40,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,265	30,655	34,615
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,180	10,770	11,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,935	5,220	4,715
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,930	7,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,915	10,580	10,330
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,190	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,025	43,775	42,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,815	17,255	12,555
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	83,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,900	91,200	62,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,530	13,445	13,085
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	40,000	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,760	52,450	26,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.2	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	79.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.0	10.9	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.4	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,240	43,850	42,390
Without total income	2,885	1,360	1,525
With total income	83,355	42,490	40,865
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,350	2,710	4,645
$10,000 to $19,999	8,345	3,090	5,250
$20,000 to $29,999	10,755	4,240	6,515
$30,000 to $39,999	9,425	3,775	5,650
$40,000 to $49,999	8,440	3,575	4,860
$50,000 to $59,999	7,395	3,375	4,025
$60,000 to $69,999	6,150	3,225	2,925
$70,000 to $79,999	4,995	3,095	1,900
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	2,815	1,410
$90,000 to $99,999	3,775	2,610	1,170
$100,000 and over	12,490	9,980	2,510
$100,000 to $149,999	8,655	6,710	1,950
$150,000 and over	3,830	3,275	560
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,240	43,850	42,390
Without after-tax income	2,830	1,335	1,495
With after-tax income	83,410	42,515	40,895
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,545	2,775	4,770
$10,000 to $19,999	8,645	3,205	5,440
$20,000 to $29,999	12,215	4,820	7,395
$30,000 to $39,999	10,975	4,545	6,430
$40,000 to $49,999	9,725	4,320	5,410
$50,000 to $59,999	8,410	4,330	4,080
$60,000 to $69,999	6,670	4,090	2,575
$70,000 to $79,999	5,425	3,675	1,750
$80,000 to $89,999	4,290	3,045	1,240
$90,000 to $99,999	2,820	2,165	655
$100,000 and over	6,690	5,545	1,150
$100,000 to $124,999	3,830	3,130	695
$125,000 and over	2,865	2,410	450
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,240	43,850	42,390
Without employment income	21,390	8,980	12,405
With employment income	64,855	34,865	29,985
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,470	3,290	4,175
$5,000 to $9,999	4,075	1,550	2,520
$10,000 to $19,999	6,470	2,570	3,895
$20,000 to $29,999	5,700	2,320	3,375
$30,000 to $39,999	5,405	2,275	3,125
$40,000 to $49,999	5,270	2,245	3,025
$50,000 to $59,999	5,015	2,385	2,630
$60,000 to $69,999	4,490	2,520	1,975
$70,000 to $79,999	4,035	2,590	1,445
$80,000 to $89,999	3,400	2,375	1,020
$90,000 to $99,999	3,140	2,190	950
$100,000 and over	10,395	8,555	1,845
$100,000 to $124,999	4,800	3,705	1,100
$125,000 and over	5,595	4,855	745
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,240	43,855	42,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,375	41,495	39,885
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	62,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,595	41,525	40,070
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	54,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,305	39,105	35,195
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	62,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,470	35,710	30,755
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	64,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,260	21,890	29,370
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,750	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,275	4,240	4,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,640	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,025	43,775	42,250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,145	41,390	39,760
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,650	73,300	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,395	41,420	39,970
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	59,000	35,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,155	38,995	35,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,900	72,600	39,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,365	35,655	30,710
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,050	70,700	39,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,015	21,640	29,380
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,060	9,340	8,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,460	4,240	4,220
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,140	8,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,025	43,775	42,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,680	17,175	12,505
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	82,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	90,200	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,190	12,885	12,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,800	49,200	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,280	61,400	30,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	93.4	84.2
Employment income (%)	79.4	83.2	72.6
Government transfers (%)	9.9	6.7	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,030	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,315	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,710	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,000	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,325	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,670	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,030	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	840	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,615	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,375	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,470	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,470	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,440	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,935	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,840	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,780	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,735	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,655	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,555	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,910	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,620	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,030	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	875	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,625	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,700	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,560	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,295	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,975	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,345	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,445	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,180	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,035	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,440	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,090	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,530	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,510	10,435	8,070
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	52,800	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,030	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,490	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,045	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,575	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,475	10,335	8,140
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,750	62,700	46,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	52,350	41,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,955	54,550	52,400
0 to 17 years	24,485	12,675	11,810
0 to 5 years	8,005	4,070	3,935
18 to 64 years	67,390	34,350	33,035
65 years and over	15,080	7,525	7,555
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,315	4,845	5,470
0 to 17 years	2,675	1,390	1,280
0 to 5 years	930	485	445
18 to 64 years	5,270	2,455	2,810
65 years and over	2,375	1,000	1,375
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.9	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	12.0	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.2	8.5
65 years and over (%)	15.8	13.3	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,910	53,535	51,380
0 to 17 years	23,975	12,365	11,610
0 to 5 years	7,860	3,980	3,880
18 to 64 years	66,145	33,795	32,350
65 years and over	14,790	7,370	7,420
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,975	1,530	1,445
0 to 17 years	700	365	335
0 to 5 years	235	120	115
18 to 64 years	2,020	1,040	980
65 years and over	255	125	125
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,955	54,550	52,400
In bottom half of the distribution	46,990	22,895	24,095
In bottom decile	9,635	4,590	5,040
In second decile	8,960	4,230	4,735
In third decile	9,105	4,460	4,640
In fourth decile	9,265	4,595	4,670
In fifth decile	10,030	5,020	5,010
In top half of the distribution	59,965	31,650	28,310
In sixth decile	10,750	5,550	5,200
In seventh decile	11,715	6,085	5,640
In eighth decile	12,135	6,390	5,750
In ninth decile	13,205	7,020	6,180
In top decile	12,150	6,615	5,540
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,105	55,190	52,910
English only	102,990	52,885	50,105
French only	30	10	15
English and French	4,580	2,070	2,510
Neither English nor French	505	225	280
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,105	55,190	52,910
English	106,540	54,405	52,140
French	1,010	545	470
English and French	80	40	45
Neither English nor French	465	205	260
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,105	55,190	52,910
Single responses	105,955	54,135	51,820
Official languages	96,210	49,430	46,775
English	95,050	48,825	46,225
French	1,160	610	550
Non-official languages	9,745	4,705	5,040
Indigenous languages³⁹	450	205	245
Algonquian languages	190	95	95
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	90	90
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	90	90
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	20	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	20	5
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	50
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	250	105	145
Northern Athabaskan languages	245	105	140
Dakelh (Carrier)	25	5	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	40	50
Dene, n.o.s.	45	30	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	50	25	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	20	15
Tahltan languages	0	5	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	30	5	25
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	5
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,295	4,505	4,795
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	75	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	5	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0
Somali	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	55	35
Amharic	20	10	10
Arabic	65	40	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	20	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,660	665	990
Bikol	20	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Cebuano	100	35	65
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10
Ilocano	50	25	25
Indonesian	15	0	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15
Pangasinan	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,395	565	835
Waray-Waray	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	215	135	80
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	185	115	70
Tamil	20	15	5
Telugu	10	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,365	3,205	3,160
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,415	715	700
Baltic languages	15	10	10
Latvian	15	10	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	1,400	710	695
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	5
Czech	40	20	25
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	85	35	45
Russian	1,005	510	500
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	85	50	30
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	55	30	20
Serbian	20	15	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10
Ukrainian	115	55	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,990	1,445	1,545
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,970	945	1,030
German	1,865	890	975
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0
Swiss German	105	55	50
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	915	460	460
Afrikaans	110	50	60
Dutch	205	110	100
Low German, n.o.s.	65	30	35
Low Saxon	35	20	10
Plautdietsch	505	250	250
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	60
Danish	45	20	25
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	35	10	20
Swedish	25	5	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,300	720	580
Indo-Aryan languages	1,245	695	555
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15
Gujarati	100	60	40
Hindi	145	85	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	0
Nepali	25	15	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	875	475	400
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	55	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Iranian languages	50	20	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	20	30
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	615	300	315
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	125	75	50
Portuguese	125	65	65
Romanian	60	25	35
Spanish	300	135	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25
Korean	180	90	90
Mongolian	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	80	35	45
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5
Shona	10	5	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5
Dinka	5	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	160	205
Chinese languages	365	160	205
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	175	70	105
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	75	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	20
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	30	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	145	70	70
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	55	25	25
Hungarian	85	45	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,150	1,055	1,095
English and French	350	180	175
English and non-official language(s)	1,515	745	765
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	240	110	125
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,105	55,190	52,910
English	97,860	50,205	47,660
French	185	95	90
Non-official language	2,590	1,305	1,280
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25
Non-Indigenous	2,540	1,285	1,260
English and French	605	275	325
English and non-official language(s)	6,575	3,160	3,415
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70
Multiple non-official languages	160	85	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,105	55,190	52,910
Single responses	106,635	54,480	52,155
Official languages	101,570	51,900	49,665
English	101,315	51,775	49,535
French	250	125	130
Non-official languages	5,070	2,575	2,495
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	55	50
Algonquian languages	50	20	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	50	20	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	25
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	20
Northern Athabaskan languages	50	30	20
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	15	10	5
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,960	2,520	2,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	905	420	480
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Cebuano	35	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	795	370	425
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	160	90	70
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	145	85	65
Tamil	15	5	5
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,415	1,770	1,645
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	885	475	415
Baltic languages	10	5	5
Latvian	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	880	465	410
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	10	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	5
Russian	800	420	375
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5
Bosnian	0	5	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	20	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,360	675	685
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	885	435	450
German	860	425	440
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	470	235	235
Afrikaans	50	30	25
Dutch	15	10	5
Low German, n.o.s.	30	15	20
Low Saxon	35	20	15
Plautdietsch	330	165	170
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	960	520	435
Indo-Aryan languages	935	510	420
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	5	10
Gujarati	70	35	30
Hindi	90	60	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	20	10	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	700	375	325
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	95	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15
Portuguese	35	20	15
Romanian	25	15	10
Spanish	110	55	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10
Korean	115	60	60
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	20	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	100
Chinese languages	180	80	100
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	35	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,465	710	760
English and French	90	45	40
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	645	690
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,105	55,190	52,915
None	101,885	52,220	49,670
English	2,080	1,055	1,030
French	480	210	265
Non-official language	2,930	1,360	1,575
Indigenous³⁹	260	115	145
Non-Indigenous	2,670	1,240	1,425
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	320	170	150
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	325	135	190
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,870	54,520	52,350
Official languages	106,500	54,360	52,140
English	106,490	54,360	52,130
French	4,565	2,015	2,550
Non-official languages	13,535	6,705	6,830
Indigenous languages³⁹	980	465	515
Algonquian languages	475	255	220
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	465	250	220
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	465	250	220
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	100	40	65
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	80	55	25
Cree, n.o.s.	270	150	120
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	530	220	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	525	220	305
Dakelh (Carrier)	45	15	30
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	200	95	100
Dene, n.o.s.	90	50	40
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	30	30
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	10	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	15	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	120	30	90
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	30	25	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,575	6,245	6,330
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	90	70
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	10	10	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	15	0
Hausa	25	15	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	70	60
Amharic	20	15	0
Arabic	65	40	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	15	20
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,300	935	1,365
Bikol	40	10	35
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	0	25
Cebuano	180	65	115
Fijian	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20
Ilocano	115	45	70
Indonesian	15	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	55	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,215	900	1,310
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25
Creole languages	60	25	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	355	230	125
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	285	175	110
Tamil	70	55	20
Telugu	35	25	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,255	4,370	3,885
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,630	915	715
Baltic languages	45	20	20
Latvian	45	20	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,625	905	715
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	15	10
Czech	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	150	90	60
Russian	1,105	610	495
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	140	95	45
Bosnian	10	0	10
Croatian	95	65	30
Serbian	55	40	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	60	25	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10
Ukrainian	195	110	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,700	1,845	1,855
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	2,375	1,185	1,190
German	2,255	1,120	1,135
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	155	90	65
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,195	590	600
Afrikaans	195	100	95
Dutch	200	100	95
Low German, n.o.s.	55	20	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	740	375	365
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	165	95	80
Danish	80	45	35
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	50	30	15
Swedish	35	20	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,845	1,070	770
Indo-Aryan languages	1,810	1,055	755
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	95	50	45
Hindi	855	470	390
Kacchi	15	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	40	25	15
Nepali	30	10	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,330	770	560
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10
Urdu	150	90	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	20	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,405	725	680
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	225	105	115
Portuguese	275	140	130
Romanian	50	25	25
Spanish	920	480	440
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	145	80	65
Korean	260	115	145
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	285	95	185
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	90	30	55
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	25	10	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	80	30	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	220	80	140
American Sign Language	165	55	110
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	35	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	245	260
Chinese languages	495	245	245
Hakka	20	10	10
Mandarin	280	150	130
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	120	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0	30
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	40	0	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	50	40	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	50	40	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	220	105	115
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	75	30	35
Hungarian	140	70	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,865	54,520	52,345
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,670	8,300	8,370
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,185	8,065	8,120
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,210	4,555	4,650
Métis	6,820	3,420	3,400
Inuk (Inuit)	155	90	70
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	365	175	190
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	55	60
Non-Indigenous identity	90,195	46,220	43,975
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,865	54,520	52,345
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,985	3,445	3,540
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,880	51,075	48,805
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,995	...	...
Owner	31,915	...	...
Renter	12,400	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,995	...	...
Condominium	1,970	...	...
Not condominium	43,025	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,995	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...
1 bedroom	3,755	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,420	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,670	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,925	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,995	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,380	...	...
5 rooms	7,685	...	...
6 rooms	6,900	...	...
7 rooms	5,780	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,255	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,995	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,365	...	...
More than one person per room	630	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,995	...	...
Suitable	43,475	...	...
Not suitable	1,520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,995	...	...
1960 or before	4,890	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,200	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,180	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,695	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,160	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,960	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,800	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,110	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,995	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,415	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,585	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,995	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,470	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,855	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,670	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,995	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,005	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,455	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,725	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,080	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,230	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,715	...	...
85 years and over	830	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,935	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,830	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,995	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,350	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,435	...	...
Not suitable only	1,225	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,850	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	105	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,645	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,285	...	...
In core need	2,985	...	...
Not in core need	39,300	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,765	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,285	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,099	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	680	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,865	54,525	52,345
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,215	3,570	3,645
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,975	3,460	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,470	2,695	2,770
Métis single ancestry	1,435	730	700
Inuit single ancestry	75	35	40
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	235	105	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	225	105	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,180	5,000	5,180
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,750	4,800	4,945
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,435	3,240	3,195
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,200	1,495	1,710
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	70	40
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	435	195	235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	435	195	235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,470	45,950	43,520
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,865	54,520	52,345
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,500	51,770	49,730
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,015	12,315	11,705
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,480	39,455	38,025
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,365	2,750	2,615
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,865	54,520	52,345
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,975	49,120	46,845
Immigrants⁸¹	9,165	4,395	4,770
Before 1980	2,575	1,310	1,265
1980 to 1990	740	300	440
1991 to 2000	1,035	495	535
2001 to 2010	1,355	595	765
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,460	1,690	1,765
2011 to 2015	1,555	690	860
2016 to 2021	1,900	1,000	905
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	1,005	730
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,165	4,395	4,770
Under 5 years	1,090	510	580
5 to 14 years	1,880	1,045	835
15 to 24 years	1,620	800	820
25 to 44 years	3,945	1,735	2,210
45 years and over	625	300	325
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,165	4,395	4,770
Americas	1,765	830	930
Brazil	55	25	35
Colombia	15	15	0
El Salvador	20	10	10
Guyana	25	15	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	135	75	55
Mexico	95	35	60
Peru	15	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	1,285	600	685
Other places of birth in Americas	100	45	60
Europe	3,090	1,585	1,510
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Croatia	60	40	20
France	25	20	0
Germany	715	300	415
Greece	10	10	0
Hungary	45	20	25
Italy	55	40	20
Netherlands	170	90	85
Poland	100	50	55
Portugal	85	50	35
Romania	30	15	10
Russian Federation	200	75	120
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0
Ukraine	80	45	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	895	460	430
Other places of birth in Europe	595	355	245
Africa	545	255	285
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15	0
Morocco	25	15	10
Nigeria	210	95	115
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	140	70	75
Other places of birth in Africa	125	50	75
Asia	3,595	1,620	1,975
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	15	10	10
China⁹⁰	225	100	125
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	20
Korea, South⁹²	145	65	80
Taiwan	25	10	15
Philippines	1,950	790	1,155
Viet Nam	45	10	30
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	705	385	320
Pakistan	95	55	45
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	290	145	150
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	170	105	70
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,905	995	905
Americas	265	150	120
Brazil	20	15	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	75	55	20
Mexico	25	0	20
United States of America	125	65	65
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0
Europe	155	105	55
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Ukraine	45	25	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	45	30	15
Africa	100	35	65
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	65	25	40
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	0	25
Asia	1,335	680	655
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	435	255	180
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0
Philippines	720	345	370
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30
Oceania and other⁹³	35	30	10
Australia	30	25	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,870	54,520	52,345
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,545	5,790	5,755
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,695	7,340	7,350
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,635	41,390	39,245
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,590	3,085	3,500
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,380	2,195	2,185
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,900	1,090	810
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,480	1,100	1,380
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,940	720	1,220
Refugees¹⁰⁸	210	145	70
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	30	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,590	3,085	3,500
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	60	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,525	670	855
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	130	100
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	610	360	250
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,110	1,855	2,260
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,865	54,520	52,345
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,475	4,110	4,370
South Asian	2,380	1,360	1,020
Chinese	700	355	345
Black	1,020	510	515
Filipino	2,755	1,115	1,635
Arab	70	30	40
Latin American	250	130	120
Southeast Asian	310	105	200
West Asian	45	30	15
Korean	305	140	165
Japanese	265	145	115
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	55	55
Multiple visible minorities	270	130	145
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,390	50,415	47,980
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,870	54,520	52,350
Canadian	16,950	8,985	7,960
English	25,585	12,500	13,080
Irish	18,325	8,625	9,700
Scottish	20,775	10,045	10,730
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,445	5,635	5,810
German	19,590	9,905	9,690
Chinese	995	510	485
Italian	2,460	1,155	1,305
Indian (India)	1,435	830	605
Ukrainian	6,065	3,065	3,000
Dutch	4,650	2,290	2,360
Polish	3,065	1,480	1,585
Québécois	145	90	55
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,375	1,805	1,570
Filipino	2,685	1,095	1,590
French Canadian	1,305	660	650
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,025	1,530	1,490
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,785	2,410	2,380
Métis	5,305	2,530	2,775
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,565	1,360	1,200
Russian	3,610	1,885	1,730
Norwegian	5,805	2,960	2,850
Welsh	2,620	1,250	1,370
Portuguese	630	300	335
American	2,555	1,285	1,270
Spanish	560	255	305
Swedish	3,710	1,695	2,010
Hungarian	1,230	630	605
Acadian	215	105	105
Pakistani	120	80	40
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	170	150
Jewish	275	130	140
Punjabi	375	240	135
Vietnamese	120	60	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	25
Greek	290	170	120
Jamaican	190	110	80
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	390	185	200
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	3,000	1,470	1,525
Korean	255	120	135
Romanian	615	255	360
Lebanese	60	20	35
Iranian	50	35	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	380	200	185
Danish	1,575	630	940
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,500	770	735
Sikh	270	175	90
Austrian	1,015	555	465
Belgian	380	225	155
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	110	45	70
Mexican	270	135	140
Mennonite	1,250	625	625
Swiss	990	550	445
Finnish	720	330	385
Sri Lankan	15	0	10
Croatian	410	220	185
Japanese	400	195	205
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	20	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	115	120
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,165	560	610
Muslim	10	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	35	65
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	610	330	285
Colombian	20	15	0
Moroccan	40	15	30
Czech	550	325	225
Syrian	20	20	0
Guyanese	35	20	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	55	30
Serbian	75	55	25
Ojibway	250	155	95
Newfoundlander	290	170	120
Hong Konger	20	20	0
Ontarian	85	30	55
Persian	35	10	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	20
Turkish	70	45	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	150	85	60
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	60	15	45
Nigerian	115	60	55
Armenian	20	10	0
Slovak	245	100	135
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	180	70	105
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	45	30	20
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	20	15
African Caribbean	20	10	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	35	50
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	10	30
Algonquin	95	55	45
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10
Lithuanian	100	55	50
South African	160	85	75
Australian	225	105	120
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	50	15	35
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	30	15	10
Ethiopian	30	20	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10
Peruvian	10	0	10
Yoruba	45	20	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	35	15	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	125	75	55
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	45	55
New Brunswicker	50	20	30
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	35	15	20
Israeli	35	35	0
Mohawk	75	35	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	265	130	140
Bulgarian	45	25	20
Albertan	120	45	75
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	10	0
African American	135	70	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	75	100
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	30	40
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	90	45	45
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	65	30	35
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	80	35	45
Northern Irish	110	35	75
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	30	75
British Columbian	675	365	300
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	75	40	30
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	55	25	30
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	70	95
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	45	15	35
Dominican	40	35	10
Nepali	35	15	15
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	90	45	50
Byelorussian	20	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	330	155	175
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	35	40
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	60	35
New Zealander	105	65	40
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	25	35
Malaysian	20	15	10
Plains Cree	140	65	70
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	85	45	40
Buddhist	15	0	10
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	155	90	65
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	10	20
Kenyan	30	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	35	15	20
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	45	25	20
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	25	15	10
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	120	55	70
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	0	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	15	30
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	15	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	10	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	10	0	10
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	30	15	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,865	54,520	52,345
Buddhist	190	90	105
Christian	39,630	18,735	20,885
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,645	6,195	6,450
Anabaptist	1,330	695	635
Anglican	2,390	1,025	1,365
Baptist	1,515	650	865
Catholic	11,540	5,650	5,890
Christian Orthodox	290	145	145
Jehovah's Witness	785	325	460
Latter Day Saints	440	200	240
Lutheran	1,255	585	675
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	205	90	115
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,460	650	810
Presbyterian	445	195	250
Reformed	80	40	40
United Church	2,445	1,040	1,405
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,800	1,255	1,545
Hindu	545	295	250
Jewish	95	50	40
Muslim	380	200	180
Sikh	1,025	615	410
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	420	195	220
Other religions and spiritual traditions	935	360	570
No religion and secular perspectives	63,660	33,975	29,685
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,640	53,875	51,760
Non-movers	91,080	46,625	44,455
Movers	14,560	7,250	7,310
Non-migrants	9,900	4,890	5,005
Migrants	4,665	2,360	2,305
Internal migrants	4,250	2,175	2,070
Intraprovincial migrants	2,635	1,365	1,270
Interprovincial migrants	1,610	810	800
External migrants	415	180	230
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	100,325	51,155	49,170
Non-movers	59,000	30,180	28,820
Movers	41,320	20,970	20,350
Non-migrants	18,025	9,180	8,845
Migrants	23,295	11,790	11,505
Internal migrants	20,700	10,395	10,300
Intraprovincial migrants	15,085	7,465	7,620
Interprovincial migrants	5,620	2,935	2,680
External migrants	2,595	1,395	1,210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,025	43,775	42,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,290	11,590	8,700
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,730	32,185	33,545
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,865	29,730	29,135
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,320	6,185	4,135
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,545	23,540	25,000
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,020	43,775	42,250
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,635	9,680	7,955
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,000	13,925	15,075
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,385	20,165	19,220
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,105	15,820	12,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,280	9,280	2,005
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,715	2,460	1,255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,575	6,820	750
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,945	5,890	9,055
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,875	655	1,225
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,280	4,340	6,935
Bachelor's degree	8,030	2,975	5,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	305	470
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	175	140
Master's degree	1,925	775	1,150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	115	125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,860	29,725	29,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,705	4,990	3,715
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,260	9,290	9,970
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,900	15,450	15,450
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,405	11,995	9,415
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,470	7,025	1,450
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,750	1,840	910
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,725	5,185	540
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,565	4,490	7,070
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	480	885
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,495	3,455	6,035
Bachelor's degree	6,815	2,440	4,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	615	225	395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	95	125
Master's degree	1,650	615	1,035
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	85	115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,020	43,775	42,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,635	23,610	23,030
Education	2,690	480	2,215
13. Education	2,690	480	2,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	250	385
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15
50. Visual and performing arts	560	195	365
Humanities	1,340	535	805
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	270	50	220
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	115	240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	30	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	175	125
54. History	180	130	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,705	765	1,945
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	80	95
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	50	670
22. Legal professions and studies	290	90	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	10	75
42. Psychology	495	100	400
45. Social sciences	890	425	465
Business, management and public administration	6,610	1,765	4,840
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	835	130	705
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,760	1,635	4,130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	515	545
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	430	170	265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245	115	135
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	290	190	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	390	290
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	565	340	225
25. Library science	65	15	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,085	12,105	980
04. Architecture and related services	100	35	55
14. Engineering	910	720	195
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,640	2,330	315
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,350	3,235	120
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,175	3,975	200
48. Precision production	1,910	1,810	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,110	1,240	870
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	710	340	370
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,405	900	500
Health and related fields	5,855	850	5,005
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	130	175
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,450	680	4,770
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	45	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,615	1,275	1,335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,505	310	1,190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	260	180	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	845	785	60
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,865	29,730	29,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,960	14,275	13,685
Education	1,950	305	1,645
13. Education	1,950	305	1,645
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	530	215	310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	15
50. Visual and performing arts	475	175	300
Humanities	1,010	375	635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35
23. English language and literature/letters	210	35	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	55	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	25	70
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	85
54. History	145	110	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,270	610	1,660
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	60	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	590	45	550
22. Legal professions and studies	245	60	190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	70
42. Psychology	395	60	340
45. Social sciences	765	375	390
Business, management and public administration	5,235	1,305	3,930
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	700	110	590
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,525	1,195	3,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	885	400	480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	145	240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	85	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	245	145	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	575	330	245
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	495	305	190
25. Library science	45	15	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,120	9,275	845
04. Architecture and related services	80	25	55
14. Engineering	790	610	180
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,160	1,900	260
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,445	95
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,115	2,950	165
48. Precision production	1,425	1,345	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,650	925	725
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	190	280
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,175	740	440
Health and related fields	4,575	640	3,935
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	85	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,280	530	3,750
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,085	1,055	1,025
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	270	915
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	215	155	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	635	50
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,865	29,730	29,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,960	14,275	13,685
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,900	15,450	15,450
Location of study inside Canada	27,295	13,950	13,350
Same as province or territory of residence	20,290	10,450	9,840
Different than province or territory of residence	7,000	3,495	3,505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,605	1,500	2,100
Americas	625	215	400
United States of America	500	180	320
Mexico	35	0	35
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	10	15
Brazil	30	15	20
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	15
Europe	670	325	345
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	125	65	55
Netherlands	20	15	10
Switzerland	35	20	15
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	25	0	25
Ukraine	50	15	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	140	125
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	50	50
Africa	265	120	140
Nigeria	90	30	65
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	35	15	20
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	65
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	1,955	800	1,155
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	10	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	30	40
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	20	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	100	50	55
Philippines	1,100	400	705
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	555	275	280
Pakistan	15	0	15
Other locations of study in Asia	60	25	30
Oceania	95	40	55
Australia	65	30	35
New Zealand	25	10	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,020	43,775	42,250
In the labour force	58,890	32,165	26,725
Employed	53,610	29,025	24,585
Unemployed	5,280	3,135	2,140
Not in the labour force	27,135	11,615	15,525
Participation rate	68.5	73.5	63.3
Employment rate	62.3	66.3	58.2
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.7	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,020	43,775	42,245
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,165	11,720	15,445
Worked	58,860	32,055	26,805
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,615	17,735	12,880
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,245	14,320	13,930
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,885	32,165	26,725
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	535	495
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,855	31,630	26,225
Employee	49,485	26,415	23,065
Permanent position	42,120	22,875	19,250
Temporary position	7,360	3,545	3,820
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,090	915	1,175
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,275	2,630	2,645
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,370	5,210	3,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,885	32,165	26,725
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	535	495
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,855	31,630	26,225
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	390	225	165
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,050	1,525	6,530
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,250	2,425	825
3 Health occupations	3,325	515	2,810
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,420	1,700	4,725
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	920	325	600
6 Sales and service occupations	12,970	4,945	8,020
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,285	13,915	1,370
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,990	3,190	805
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,245	2,865	380
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,885	32,165	26,725
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,030	535	495
All industries¹⁹¹	57,855	31,630	26,225
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,340	2,315	1,025
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,400	3,655	745
22 Utilities	730	585	150
23 Construction	6,365	5,310	1,055
31-33 Manufacturing	3,630	2,935	695
41 Wholesale trade	1,790	1,305	480
44-45 Retail trade	5,905	2,745	3,155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,805	2,840	970
51 Information and cultural industries	530	225	305
52 Finance and insurance	1,015	225	790
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	835	410	420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,625	1,290	1,340
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,885	955	925
61 Educational services	3,950	855	3,090
62 Health care and social assistance	5,910	830	5,080
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	325	555
72 Accommodation and food services	3,725	1,460	2,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,010	1,745	1,270
91 Public administration	3,515	1,600	1,910
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,690	34,535	29,155
English	62,665	34,040	28,625
French	40	10	30
Non-official language	165	95	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	160	90	70
English and French	235	105	135
English and non-official language(s)	570	280	290
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,690	34,535	29,155
Single responses	63,600	34,490	29,115
Official languages	63,325	34,330	28,995
English	63,235	34,310	28,925
French	90	20	70
Non-official languages	280	160	120
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	155	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	215	130	90
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200	115	85
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	100	60	40
German	100	60	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	105	55	45
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20
Chinese languages	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	45	40
English and French	15	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,690	34,535	29,155
None	62,960	34,195	28,765
English	150	70	75
French	180	90	90
Non-official language	360	165	190
Indigenous³⁹	60	25	35
Non-Indigenous	300	140	155
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,610	29,025	24,585
Worked at home	6,315	2,555	3,765
Worked outside Canada	40	25	10
No fixed workplace address	10,465	8,280	2,185
Usual place of work	36,790	18,170	18,630
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,795	18,165	18,625
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,520	12,040	13,480
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,305	4,955	4,355
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,650	960	690
Commute to a different province or territory	315	220	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,260	26,445	20,810
Car, truck or van	43,175	24,525	18,645
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,300	23,175	17,125
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,875	1,355	1,520
Public transit	670	370	300
Walked	2,370	975	1,395
Bicycle	255	180	70
Other method	785	390	395
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,260	26,445	20,810
Less than 15 minutes	23,910	11,830	12,085
15 to 29 minutes	14,210	7,855	6,355
30 to 44 minutes	4,380	2,850	1,530
45 to 59 minutes	1,315	965	355
60 minutes and over	3,445	2,950	490
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,260	26,445	20,810
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,945	3,075	865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,330	6,765	2,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,870	7,270	5,600
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,125	3,685	6,440
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,320	1,530	2,790
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,670	4,120	2,545
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,950	12,910	12,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,380	695	680
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,580	12,215	11,365
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,930	9,345	8,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	515	510
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	255	270
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	260	240
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,900	8,825	8,075

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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