Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Red Deer--Mountain ViewMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	120,739	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	119,019	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,533	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,050	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,645.50	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,740	60,195	60,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,260	11,035	10,230	17.6	18.3	16.9
0 to 4 years	5,995	3,100	2,900	5.0	5.1	4.8
5 to 9 years	7,390	3,875	3,515	6.1	6.4	5.8
10 to 14 years	7,870	4,060	3,815	6.5	6.7	6.3
15 to 64 years	76,710	38,625	38,085	63.5	64.2	62.9
15 to 19 years	7,310	3,765	3,540	6.1	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	6,160	3,215	2,945	5.1	5.3	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,675	3,395	3,280	5.5	5.6	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,715	3,865	3,855	6.4	6.4	6.4
35 to 39 years	8,380	4,180	4,195	6.9	6.9	6.9
40 to 44 years	8,215	4,185	4,040	6.8	7.0	6.7
45 to 49 years	7,490	3,790	3,695	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,535	3,705	3,830	6.2	6.2	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,515	4,170	4,340	7.1	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,715	4,355	4,365	7.2	7.2	7.2
65 years and over	22,770	10,540	12,230	18.9	17.5	20.2
65 to 69 years	7,585	3,595	3,995	6.3	6.0	6.6
70 to 74 years	5,910	2,845	3,065	4.9	4.7	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,975	1,865	2,115	3.3	3.1	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,675	1,215	1,460	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	2,615	1,020	1,595	2.2	1.7	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,750	725	1,030	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	665	270	400	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	180	30	150	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.3	16.9	17.6	18.3	16.9
15 to 64 years	63.5	64.2	62.9	63.5	64.2	62.9
65 years and over	18.9	17.5	20.2	18.9	17.5	20.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.6	2.2	1.7	2.6
Average age of the population	41.6	40.7	42.5	41.6	40.7	42.5
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.8	41.6	40.8	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,030	...	...	66.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,830	...	...	5.9	...	...
Row house	3,005	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,115	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,730	...	...	11.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,955	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,690	...	...	26.4	...	...
2 persons	18,355	...	...	38.2	...	...
3 persons	6,565	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	6,430	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,005	...	...	8.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,805	57,965	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,480	49,160	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,300	29,680	29,615	59.6	60.4	58.9
Married	50,025	25,060	24,960	50.3	51.0	49.6
Living common-law	9,275	4,615	4,660	9.3	9.4	9.3
Living common law - Never married	6,150	3,090	3,060	6.2	6.3	6.1
Living common law - Separated	465	250	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,410	1,175	1,230	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	250	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	40,185	19,485	20,700	40.4	39.6	41.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,275	14,190	11,085	25.4	28.9	22.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,535	1,115	1,420	2.5	2.3	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,110	3,000	4,105	7.1	6.1	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,265	1,180	4,090	5.3	2.4	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,495	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	6,100	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	6,075	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,205	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,005	...	...	85.6	...	...
Married couples	24,370	...	...	71.9	...	...
With children⁶	11,620	...	...	34.3	...	...
Without children	12,755	...	...	37.7	...	...
Common-law couples	4,640	...	...	13.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,760	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	2,875	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,865	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,695	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,170	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,805	57,970	58,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,815	48,205	48,610	82.9	83.2	82.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,010	28,975	29,040	49.7	50.0	49.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,865	1,170	3,695	4.2	2.0	6.3
Children⁶	33,935	18,060	15,870	29.1	31.2	27.0
In a two-parent family	26,330	13,955	12,370	22.5	24.1	21.0
In a one-parent family	7,610	4,110	3,500	6.5	7.1	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,990	9,765	10,225	17.1	16.8	17.4
Living alone	12,695	5,910	6,785	10.9	10.2	11.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,430	1,115	1,320	2.1	1.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	4,860	2,745	2,120	4.2	4.7	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,605	...	...	63.7	...	...
Couple-family households	26,850	...	...	55.9	...	...
With children⁶	12,360	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	14,485	...	...	30.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,755	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	855	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,570	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,125	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	12,695	...	...	26.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,685	47,010	48,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,540	45,005	46,535	95.7	95.7	95.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	36,400	43,200	52,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,605	45,045	46,560	95.7	95.8	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	33,600	38,800	46,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,630	41,950	41,680	87.4	89.2	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	47,600	27,800	36,800	47,600	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,800	34,945	32,855	70.9	74.3	67.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,600	29,000	37,200	47,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,330	38,840	41,490	84.0	82.6	85.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,200	10,700	9,600	8,200	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,930	5,195	4,740	10.4	11.1	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,000	5,840	5,960	6,000	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,185	12,160	13,025	26.3	25.9	26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,500	44,995	46,510	95.5	95.6	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	67,500	45,640	56,400	67,500	45,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,570	45,040	46,525	95.6	95.7	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,120	55,050	39,480	47,120	55,050	39,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,880	42,005	41,875	87.6	89.2	86.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,040	63,100	38,960	51,040	63,100	38,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,855	34,850	33,005	70.8	74.0	67.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	59,650	38,080	49,160	59,650	38,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,125	38,550	41,570	83.6	81.9	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,990	10,100	11,820	10,990	10,100	11,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,670	5,000	4,675	10.1	10.6	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	6,910	7,360	7,130	6,910	7,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,840	11,830	13,005	25.9	25.1	26.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,780	9,020	8,910	8,780	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,705	17,090	12,615	31.0	36.3	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	74,500	55,600	65,000	74,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	83,200	61,750	74,100	83,200	61,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,870	13,125	15,750	30.1	27.9	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,800	18,400	20,800	26,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,720	41,520	25,380	32,720	41,520	25,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.2	76.8	83.0	87.2	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	68.4	59.2	64.6	68.4	59.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.1	12.8	23.2	17.1	12.8	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	3.8	6.5	4.9	3.8	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.4	5.5	4.3	3.4	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,680	47,010	48,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,145	2,005	2,140	4.3	4.3	4.4
With total income	91,535	45,005	46,530	95.7	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,230	2,850	4,385	7.9	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,085	3,255	5,835	9.9	7.2	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,665	6,105	8,565	16.0	13.6	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,570	4,850	6,720	12.6	10.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	9,865	4,370	5,495	10.8	9.7	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,195	3,940	4,250	9.0	8.8	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,720	3,495	3,225	7.3	7.8	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,240	3,075	2,165	5.7	6.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,120	2,520	1,600	4.5	5.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,510	2,185	1,325	3.8	4.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	11,330	8,365	2,965	12.4	18.6	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	7,450	5,190	2,265	8.1	11.5	4.9
$150,000 and over	3,875	3,170	700	4.2	7.0	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,680	47,010	48,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,080	1,970	2,110	4.3	4.2	4.3
With after-tax income	91,600	45,040	46,560	95.7	95.8	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,590	2,990	4,605	8.3	6.6	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,515	3,435	6,080	10.4	7.6	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,630	6,915	9,710	18.2	15.4	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,430	5,805	7,625	14.7	12.9	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,425	5,345	6,080	12.5	11.9	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,095	4,730	4,365	9.9	10.5	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770	3,935	2,835	7.4	8.7	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,045	3,135	1,910	5.5	7.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,685	2,370	1,315	4.0	5.3	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,300	1,550	745	2.5	3.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	6,130	4,835	1,290	6.7	10.7	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,045	2,320	720	3.3	5.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	3,080	2,510	570	3.4	5.6	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,680	47,010	48,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,885	12,065	15,820	29.1	25.7	32.5
With employment income	67,800	34,945	32,855	70.9	74.3	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,905	4,605	5,305	14.6	13.2	16.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,365	2,230	3,140	7.9	6.4	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,045	3,435	4,615	11.9	9.8	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,365	2,685	3,675	9.4	7.7	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,715	2,620	3,100	8.4	7.5	9.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,745	2,605	3,140	8.5	7.5	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,885	2,410	2,480	7.2	6.9	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,230	2,270	1,960	6.2	6.5	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	2,115	1,415	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,855	1,080	4.3	5.3	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	1,665	1,055	4.0	4.8	3.2
$100,000 and over	8,360	6,470	1,885	12.3	18.5	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,915	2,755	1,160	5.8	7.9	3.5
$125,000 and over	4,440	3,715	725	6.5	10.6	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,685	47,010	48,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,890	44,100	45,790	93.9	93.8	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	55,600	34,800	43,200	55,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,920	44,110	45,815	94.0	93.8	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,400	32,000	38,800	48,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,900	41,505	41,395	86.6	88.3	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	53,200	30,800	40,400	53,200	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,290	35,150	33,140	71.4	74.8	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	53,600	32,400	40,800	53,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,715	37,200	39,515	80.2	79.1	81.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,040	1,110	5,920	3,040	1,110	5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,560	3,310	3,250	6.9	7.0	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,400	6,600	5,880	5,400	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,100	44,205	45,895	94.1	93.9	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,800	71,500	44,560	57,800	71,500	44,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,150	44,230	45,915	94.1	94.0	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,840	57,600	38,400	47,840	57,600	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,365	41,710	41,655	87.0	88.6	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450	69,800	41,080	55,450	69,800	41,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,310	35,105	33,205	71.3	74.6	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,100	67,100	40,400	54,100	67,100	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,695	37,025	39,670	80.1	78.7	81.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	6,750	8,410	7,610	6,750	8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,545	3,260	3,290	6.8	6.9	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,530	6,780	8,260	7,530	6,780	8,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,495	16,980	12,515	30.8	36.1	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	75,000	54,400	64,500	75,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800	85,700	60,050	74,800	85,700	60,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,450	12,565	14,885	28.7	26.7	30.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	40,400	24,400	29,000	40,400	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,120	57,450	31,040	43,120	57,450	31,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	92.0	83.6	88.8	92.0	83.6
Employment income (%)	71.0	74.6	65.6	71.0	74.6	65.6
Government transfers (%)	11.2	7.9	16.3	11.2	7.9	16.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,300	...	...	107,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,750	...	...	54,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,300	...	...	105,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,695	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,815	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,380	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,610	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,790	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,675	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,415	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,395	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,030	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,905	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,635	...	...	42.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,045	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,425	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,450	...	...	11.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,715	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	505	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	585	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,790	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,045	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,595	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,860	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,055	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,955	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,135	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,005	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,810	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,645	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,110	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,365	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,135	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,070	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,160	...	...	12.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,560	8,655	8,905	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	45,200	38,000	41,200	45,200	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,000	34,800	37,200	40,000	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,800	...	...	125,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,200	...	...	154,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	127,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,300	...	...	69,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,565	8,650	8,915	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,550	55,750	47,520	51,550	55,750	47,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,680	46,440	41,040	43,680	46,440	41,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,810	57,970	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,620	13,260	12,365	21.9	22.9	21.0
0 to 5 years	7,360	3,830	3,530	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	70,165	34,765	35,400	60.1	60.0	60.2
65 years and over	21,020	9,945	11,080	18.0	17.2	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,930	5,075	5,855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,785	1,450	1,330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	440	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,800	2,710	3,090	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,345	915	1,430	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4	8.8	10.0	9.4	8.8	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.8	10.9	11.0	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.5	10.7	11.1	11.5	10.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.8	8.7	8.3	7.8	8.7
65 years and over (%)	11.2	9.2	12.9	11.2	9.2	12.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,805	57,970	58,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,620	13,255	12,360	21.9	22.9	21.0
0 to 5 years	7,360	3,830	3,530	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	70,165	34,765	35,395	60.1	60.0	60.2
65 years and over	21,025	9,945	11,075	18.0	17.2	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,515	1,765	1,755	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	800	390	415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	110	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,375	1,215	1,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	340	160	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,810	57,970	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,270	27,005	29,265	48.2	46.6	49.7
In bottom decile	9,525	4,635	4,890	8.2	8.0	8.3
In second decile	11,665	5,255	6,410	10.0	9.1	10.9
In third decile	11,705	5,670	6,035	10.0	9.8	10.3
In fourth decile	11,670	5,680	5,985	10.0	9.8	10.2
In fifth decile	11,710	5,760	5,950	10.0	9.9	10.1
In top half of the distribution	60,535	30,965	29,570	51.8	53.4	50.3
In sixth decile	12,200	6,150	6,045	10.4	10.6	10.3
In seventh decile	11,930	6,010	5,920	10.2	10.4	10.1
In eighth decile	12,405	6,335	6,070	10.6	10.9	10.3
In ninth decile	12,450	6,455	6,000	10.7	11.1	10.2
In top decile	11,545	6,010	5,535	9.9	10.4	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,805	...	...	116,805	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,235	58,575	59,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	112,595	56,035	56,560	95.2	95.7	94.8
French only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,115	2,315	2,800	4.3	4.0	4.7
Neither English nor French	485	210	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,235	58,575	59,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,525	57,725	58,800	98.6	98.5	98.6
French	1,130	585	545	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	450	195	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,235	58,575	59,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,085	57,515	58,570	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	105,805	52,620	53,180	89.5	89.8	89.1
English	104,585	52,005	52,575	88.5	88.8	88.1
French	1,220	615	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	10,285	4,895	5,390	8.7	8.4	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,225	4,870	5,355	8.6	8.3	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	270	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	450	245	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	405	220	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,635	1,135	1,505	2.2	1.9	2.5
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,205	945	1,260	1.9	1.6	2.1
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,655	2,795	2,860	4.8	4.8	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	440	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	915	435	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,325	1,150	1,175	2.0	2.0	2.0
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,350	650	695	1.1	1.1	1.2
German	1,215	585	630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	840	420	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	640	330	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,060	555	505	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	845	445	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,245	590	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,025	500	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	200	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	445	200	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,150	1,060	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	345	190	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,590	765	830	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,235	58,575	59,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,845	53,120	53,730	90.4	90.7	90.1
French	180	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	2,445	1,180	1,265	2.1	2.0	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,435	1,175	1,260	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	705	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,615	3,655	3,960	6.4	6.2	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,235	58,575	59,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,450	57,695	58,750	98.5	98.5	98.5
Official languages	110,865	54,980	55,880	93.8	93.9	93.7
English	110,590	54,850	55,740	93.5	93.6	93.4
French	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,585	2,715	2,865	4.7	4.6	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,570	2,705	2,865	4.7	4.6	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,645	755	890	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,420	655	770	1.2	1.1	1.3
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,655	1,335	1,320	2.2	2.3	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	395	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	205	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	785	405	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	560	290	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	500	270	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	720	365	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	590	300	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	710	335	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	630	300	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	305	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,785	880	905	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,635	795	840	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,235	58,575	59,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	110,970	55,115	55,850	93.9	94.1	93.6
English	2,700	1,335	1,365	2.3	2.3	2.3
French	575	250	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,265	1,530	1,740	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,220	1,505	1,715	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	300	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,775	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	116,335	57,775	58,555	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	116,290	57,765	58,520	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	5,270	2,405	2,870	4.5	4.1	4.9
Non-official languages	13,510	6,455	7,055	11.6	11.1	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,355	6,385	6,965	11.4	11.0	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	615	335	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	580	330	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	520	300	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,345	1,405	1,940	2.9	2.4	3.3
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	230	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,270	1,385	1,875	2.8	2.4	3.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,570	3,730	3,840	6.5	6.4	6.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,185	555	630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,185	555	630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	515	230	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	465	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,700	1,355	1,345	2.3	2.3	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,440	745	690	1.2	1.3	1.2
German	1,350	700	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,170	560	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	695	360	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	195	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,505	780	730	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,295	685	610	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	625	340	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	435	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,300	1,085	1,215	2.0	1.9	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,945	920	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	325	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	330	205	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Akan (Twi)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	470	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	445	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,780	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,585	3,070	3,515	5.6	5.3	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,435	3,010	3,420	5.5	5.2	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,210	1,100	1,105	1.9	1.9	1.9
Métis	4,170	1,875	2,300	3.6	3.2	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,195	54,935	55,265	94.4	94.7	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,780	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,510	705	805	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,270	57,295	57,975	98.7	98.8	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,940	...	...	74.7	...	...
Renter	12,150	...	...	25.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,645	...	...	9.7	...	...
Not condominium	43,445	...	...	90.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,565	...	...	7.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,775	...	...	20.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,940	...	...	33.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,580	...	...	38.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,630	...	...	20.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,340	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,225	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,670	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,225	...	...	35.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,590	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,000	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,090	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,295	...	...	11.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,670	...	...	24.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,480	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,710	...	...	16.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,810	...	...	12.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,695	...	...	11.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,875	...	...	8.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,560	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,735	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,355	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,260	...	...	48.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,930	...	...	47.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,900	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,495	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,345	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,760	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,195	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,980	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,895	...	...	16.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,150	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,275	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,200	...	...	80.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,785	...	...	19.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,005	...	...	17.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,515	...	...	23.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,145	...	...	16.9	...	...
Not suitable only	865	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,795	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,575	...	...	76.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,050	...	...	6.7	...	...
Not in core need	42,160	...	...	93.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,075	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.0	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,466	...	...	1,466	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	389,200	...	...	389,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.5	...	...	34.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,233	...	...	1,233	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,775	57,995	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,015	1,010	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,970	995	980	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,145	550	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
Métis single ancestry	805	425	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,260	3,005	3,250	5.4	5.2	5.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,185	2,970	3,210	5.3	5.1	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,480	1,670	1,810	3.0	2.9	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,660	1,280	1,375	2.3	2.2	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,505	53,980	54,525	92.9	93.1	92.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,775	57,995	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	111,665	55,665	55,995	95.6	96.0	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,840	13,020	11,820	21.3	22.5	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,820	42,645	44,175	74.3	73.5	75.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,115	2,335	2,785	4.4	4.0	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,775	57,995	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,565	51,820	51,740	88.7	89.4	88.0
Immigrants⁸¹	12,430	5,735	6,690	10.6	9.9	11.4
Before 1980	2,550	1,075	1,470	2.2	1.9	2.5
1980 to 1990	1,065	500	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,365	680	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	2,660	1,240	1,425	2.3	2.1	2.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,790	2,240	2,545	4.1	3.9	4.3
2011 to 2015	2,675	1,260	1,420	2.3	2.2	2.4
2016 to 2021	2,115	985	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	785	440	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,425	5,735	6,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	995	495	500	8.0	8.6	7.5
5 to 14 years	2,550	1,285	1,265	20.5	22.4	18.9
15 to 24 years	2,305	990	1,315	18.6	17.3	19.7
25 to 44 years	5,550	2,515	3,035	44.7	43.9	45.4
45 years and over	1,035	450	585	8.3	7.8	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,425	5,735	6,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,805	760	1,040	14.5	13.3	15.5
Brazil	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	165	70	95	1.3	1.2	1.4
El Salvador	135	65	70	1.1	1.1	1.0
Guyana	65	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haiti	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Jamaica	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexico	285	110	175	2.3	1.9	2.6
Peru	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United States of America	740	290	450	6.0	5.1	6.7
Other places of birth in Americas	290	125	160	2.3	2.2	2.4
Europe	3,935	1,830	2,105	31.7	31.9	31.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Croatia	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	30	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germany	480	185	295	3.9	3.2	4.4
Greece	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hungary	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italy	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Netherlands	590	315	275	4.7	5.5	4.1
Poland	100	50	55	0.8	0.9	0.8
Portugal	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Romania	70	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.7
Russian Federation	115	50	65	0.9	0.9	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	250	125	125	2.0	2.2	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,500	675	825	12.1	11.8	12.3
Other places of birth in Europe	540	265	275	4.3	4.6	4.1
Africa	960	535	420	7.7	9.3	6.3
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	45	30	0.6	0.8	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Morocco	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	80	35	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
Somalia	45	25	15	0.4	0.4	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	355	170	185	2.9	3.0	2.8
Other places of birth in Africa	350	225	125	2.8	3.9	1.9
Asia	5,525	2,515	3,015	44.5	43.9	45.1
Afghanistan	90	50	45	0.7	0.9	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	25	0.6	0.7	0.4
Iraq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	185	105	75	1.5	1.8	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	250	115	135	2.0	2.0	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	200	95	105	1.6	1.7	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	3,170	1,365	1,805	25.5	23.8	27.0
Viet Nam	145	70	75	1.2	1.2	1.1
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
India	580	275	305	4.7	4.8	4.6
Pakistan	260	150	115	2.1	2.6	1.7
Sri Lanka	75	45	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	420	160	260	3.4	2.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	205	90	110	1.6	1.6	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,115	985	1,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	320	145	180	15.1	14.7	15.9
Brazil	25	10	15	1.2	1.0	1.3
Colombia	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Mexico	85	35	50	4.0	3.6	4.4
United States of America	105	50	55	5.0	5.1	4.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	30	40	3.1	3.0	3.5
Europe	190	90	95	9.0	9.1	8.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	0	0.9	1.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	15	1.4	1.0	1.3
Ukraine	30	25	10	1.4	2.5	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	15	35	2.6	1.5	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25	2.8	3.6	2.2
Africa	175	100	75	8.3	10.2	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	20	20	2.1	2.0	1.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.7	1.0	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	40	30	3.3	4.1	2.7
Asia	1,410	640	775	66.7	65.0	68.6
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	245	115	130	11.6	11.7	11.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	25	1.4	1.0	2.2
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Nepal	25	15	15	1.2	1.5	1.3
Pakistan	25	25	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Philippines	745	315	425	35.2	32.0	37.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	165	100	65	7.8	10.2	5.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	55	10	45	2.6	1.0	4.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,780	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,930	6,565	7,360	11.9	11.3	12.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,355	8,330	8,025	14.0	14.4	13.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,495	43,100	43,395	74.1	74.3	73.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,880	4,660	5,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,300	3,105	3,195	63.8	66.6	61.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,550	1,480	1,065	25.8	31.8	20.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,750	1,620	2,130	38.0	34.8	40.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,435	925	1,515	24.6	19.8	29.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,050	590	460	10.6	12.7	8.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	95	45	55	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,880	4,660	5,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	230	155	65	2.3	3.3	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,450	1,115	1,335	24.8	23.9	25.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	415	200	210	4.2	4.3	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	435	215	220	4.4	4.6	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,315	2,955	3,360	63.9	63.4	64.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,780	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,970	5,380	5,590	9.4	9.3	9.5
South Asian	1,820	985	840	1.6	1.7	1.4
Chinese	775	360	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Black	1,135	635	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Filipino	4,060	1,835	2,225	3.5	3.2	3.8
Arab	360	225	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	975	455	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Southeast Asian	500	215	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
West Asian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	305	175	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	490	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,810	52,620	53,190	90.6	90.7	90.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,775	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,435	9,530	8,905	15.8	16.4	15.1
English	31,465	15,140	16,320	26.9	26.1	27.8
Irish	20,855	9,720	11,135	17.9	16.8	18.9
Scottish	24,905	11,905	12,995	21.3	20.5	22.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,955	5,120	5,835	9.4	8.8	9.9
German	24,720	12,125	12,595	21.2	20.9	21.4
Chinese	1,065	485	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italian	2,515	1,220	1,295	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indian (India)	1,065	565	505	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ukrainian	8,740	4,290	4,450	7.5	7.4	7.6
Dutch	6,910	3,535	3,375	5.9	6.1	5.7
Polish	3,985	1,960	2,030	3.4	3.4	3.5
Québécois	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,875	1,945	1,930	3.3	3.4	3.3
Filipino	3,995	1,780	2,220	3.4	3.1	3.8
French Canadian	775	365	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,420	1,230	1,195	2.1	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,725	810	920	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	3,575	1,760	1,820	3.1	3.0	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,060	1,070	985	1.8	1.8	1.7
Russian	3,580	1,695	1,880	3.1	2.9	3.2
Norwegian	6,310	2,960	3,355	5.4	5.1	5.7
Welsh	2,995	1,425	1,565	2.6	2.5	2.7
Portuguese	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
American	2,395	1,160	1,235	2.1	2.0	2.1
Spanish	710	315	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	3,905	1,735	2,170	3.3	3.0	3.7
Hungarian	1,690	760	930	1.4	1.3	1.6
Acadian	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	295	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	150	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	330	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,420	650	775	1.2	1.1	1.3
Korean	325	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	850	420	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	3,145	1,575	1,570	2.7	2.7	2.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	775	425	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,285	615	670	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	760	325	440	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	405	205	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	610	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	1,090	540	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	850	390	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Sri Lankan	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	840	405	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	1,060	555	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Colombian	185	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	525	190	330	0.4	0.3	0.6
Syrian	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	305	190	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	1,205	605	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ghanaian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	75	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Malaysian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,780	58,000	58,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	59,980	27,890	32,090	51.4	48.1	54.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,970	6,725	7,245	12.0	11.6	12.3
Anabaptist	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	3,230	1,470	1,765	2.8	2.5	3.0
Baptist	1,755	790	960	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catholic	19,165	9,070	10,100	16.4	15.6	17.2
Christian Orthodox	710	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	750	355	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	800	365	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lutheran	3,405	1,535	1,875	2.9	2.6	3.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	770	360	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,085	555	535	0.9	1.0	0.9
Presbyterian	1,305	560	745	1.1	1.0	1.3
Reformed	410	195	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Church	7,330	3,175	4,155	6.3	5.5	7.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,925	2,225	2,695	4.2	3.8	4.6
Hindu	660	345	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,060	575	480	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	735	300	435	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	53,560	28,520	25,040	45.9	49.2	42.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,805	57,480	58,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,695	50,510	51,185	87.8	87.9	87.8
Movers	14,115	6,965	7,145	12.2	12.1	12.2
Non-migrants	7,650	3,825	3,820	6.6	6.7	6.5
Migrants	6,465	3,140	3,320	5.6	5.5	5.7
Internal migrants	6,165	3,015	3,150	5.3	5.2	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	5,160	2,530	2,625	4.5	4.4	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,000	485	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
External migrants	305	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,960	54,965	55,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,055	34,460	34,590	62.2	62.7	61.8
Movers	41,910	20,505	21,405	37.8	37.3	38.2
Non-migrants	16,660	8,270	8,395	15.0	15.0	15.0
Migrants	25,250	12,235	13,010	22.8	22.3	23.2
Internal migrants	23,355	11,335	12,020	21.0	20.6	21.5
Intraprovincial migrants	19,790	9,665	10,120	17.8	17.6	18.1
Interprovincial migrants	3,570	1,665	1,900	3.2	3.0	3.4
External migrants	1,895	905	995	1.7	1.6	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,265	10,235	8,035	19.1	21.7	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,525	36,835	40,685	80.9	78.2	83.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,490	30,290	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,775	4,730	3,045	12.6	15.6	9.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,715	25,560	28,155	87.4	84.4	90.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,795	47,070	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,475	8,445	7,025	16.2	17.9	14.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,870	14,505	15,370	31.2	30.8	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,450	24,130	26,325	52.7	51.3	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,050	17,755	17,295	36.6	37.7	35.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,210	8,830	2,375	11.7	18.8	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,005	1,770	1,235	3.1	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,205	7,060	1,140	8.6	15.0	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,450	8,050	13,400	22.4	17.1	27.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,390	875	1,520	2.5	1.9	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,400	6,370	9,030	16.1	13.5	18.5
Bachelor's degree	11,545	4,515	7,035	12.1	9.6	14.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	385	435	0.9	0.8	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	565	350	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	2,230	1,015	1,215	2.3	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	110	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,490	30,295	31,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,150	3,690	2,460	10.0	12.2	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,675	8,825	8,855	28.7	29.1	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,665	17,780	19,890	61.3	58.7	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,490	13,040	12,450	41.5	43.0	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,075	6,500	1,575	13.1	21.5	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,915	1,195	725	3.1	3.9	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,160	5,305	855	10.0	17.5	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,760	5,880	9,885	25.6	19.4	31.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,655	660	990	2.7	2.2	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,175	4,740	7,440	19.8	15.6	23.8
Bachelor's degree	9,220	3,425	5,800	15.0	11.3	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	585	240	340	1.0	0.8	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	270	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	1,705	715	990	2.8	2.4	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,340	22,950	22,395	47.3	48.8	46.0
Education	4,115	1,055	3,060	4.3	2.2	6.3
13. Education	4,115	1,055	3,060	4.3	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	950	405	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	845	335	515	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	1,600	690	910	1.7	1.5	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	270	65	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370	155	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	600	345	255	0.6	0.7	0.5
54. History	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,735	1,050	2,690	3.9	2.2	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	200	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	95	755	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	750	125	620	0.8	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	800	190	615	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	800	405	395	0.8	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	9,090	2,675	6,420	9.5	5.7	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	700	125	575	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,380	2,545	5,835	8.7	5.4	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,310	595	720	1.4	1.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	170	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	365	175	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	265	175	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	200	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	905	480	425	0.9	1.0	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	425	300	0.8	0.9	0.6
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,950	12,165	790	13.5	25.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,125	960	165	1.2	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,215	2,880	335	3.4	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,290	3,210	80	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,185	3,100	85	3.3	6.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,980	1,920	55	2.1	4.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,790	1,230	3.2	3.8	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,395	1,410	985	2.5	3.0	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	380	245	0.7	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	9,375	1,730	7,645	9.8	3.7	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	695	360	340	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,490	1,250	7,240	8.9	2.7	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,375	1,485	1,895	3.5	3.2	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,150	460	1,690	2.2	1.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	330	150	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	675	45	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,490	30,290	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,825	12,510	11,315	38.7	41.3	36.3
Education	2,785	620	2,170	4.5	2.0	7.0
13. Education	2,785	620	2,170	4.5	2.0	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	685	290	400	1.1	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	625	255	375	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	1,115	495	620	1.8	1.6	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	195	50	145	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	305	135	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	220	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
54. History	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,065	790	2,275	5.0	2.6	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	155	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	90	625	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	640	90	545	1.0	0.3	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	630	150	480	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	615	280	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	6,900	2,020	4,885	11.2	6.7	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	80	465	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,355	1,940	4,415	10.3	6.4	14.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,005	395	610	1.6	1.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	105	260	0.6	0.3	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	135	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	170	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	45	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	410	335	1.2	1.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	620	375	245	1.0	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,715	9,000	720	15.8	29.7	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	145	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	895	735	155	1.5	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,430	2,115	310	4.0	7.0	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,405	2,330	70	3.9	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,345	2,275	75	3.8	7.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,500	1,450	55	2.4	4.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,285	1,255	1,030	3.7	4.1	3.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,765	950	820	2.9	3.1	2.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	520	310	205	0.8	1.0	0.7
Health and related fields	6,875	1,380	5,490	11.2	4.6	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	270	290	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,155	1,020	5,140	10.0	3.4	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	95	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,480	1,120	1,360	4.0	3.7	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,545	345	1,205	2.5	1.1	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	245	130	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	560	535	25	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,490	30,290	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,825	12,510	11,315	38.7	41.3	36.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,670	17,780	19,885	61.3	58.7	63.7
Location of study inside Canada	32,810	15,575	17,240	53.4	51.4	55.3
Same as province or territory of residence	26,325	12,485	13,835	42.8	41.2	44.3
Different than province or territory of residence	6,490	3,090	3,405	10.6	10.2	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,855	2,210	2,645	7.9	7.3	8.5
Americas	1,100	530	575	1.8	1.7	1.8
United States of America	855	440	415	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	45	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	950	445	510	1.5	1.5	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Netherlands	120	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	130	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	335	185	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,350	990	1,355	3.8	3.3	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,520	575	945	2.5	1.9	3.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	345	185	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,795	47,070	48,720	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,685	33,345	30,340	...	...	...
Employed	57,090	29,755	27,335	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,595	3,590	3,000	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,105	13,730	18,385	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.5	70.8	62.3	66.5	70.8	62.3
Employment rate	59.6	63.2	56.1	59.6	63.2	56.1
Unemployment rate	10.4	10.8	9.9	10.4	10.8	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,795	47,075	48,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,530	14,685	18,845	35.0	31.2	38.7
Worked	62,260	32,390	29,875	65.0	68.8	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,100	17,995	13,100	32.5	38.2	26.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,160	14,390	16,770	32.5	30.6	34.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.3	40.0	40.6	41.3	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,685	33,345	30,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,580	810	775	2.5	2.4	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,100	32,535	29,565	97.5	97.6	97.5
Employee	50,170	25,435	24,735	78.8	76.3	81.5
Permanent position	41,755	21,515	20,235	65.6	64.5	66.7
Temporary position	8,420	3,920	4,495	13.2	11.8	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,165	830	1,335	3.4	2.5	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,255	3,090	3,165	9.8	9.3	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,930	7,100	4,825	18.7	21.3	15.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,685	33,345	30,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,580	810	775	2.5	2.4	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,100	32,535	29,565	97.5	97.6	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	540	380	155	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,050	2,055	6,995	14.2	6.2	23.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,145	2,450	695	4.9	7.3	2.3
3 Health occupations	5,620	985	4,635	8.8	3.0	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,325	1,870	4,460	9.9	5.6	14.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,185	450	740	1.9	1.3	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	15,060	6,095	8,960	23.6	18.3	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,585	11,560	1,020	19.8	34.7	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,915	4,470	1,445	9.3	13.4	4.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,675	2,220	455	4.2	6.7	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,685	33,345	30,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,580	810	775	2.5	2.4	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	62,100	32,535	29,565	97.5	97.6	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,460	2,875	1,585	7.0	8.6	5.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,700	3,235	470	5.8	9.7	1.5
22 Utilities	460	370	90	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	5,890	5,055	835	9.2	15.2	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,840	2,890	950	6.0	8.7	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,705	1,145	560	2.7	3.4	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,520	3,535	3,985	11.8	10.6	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,620	1,925	695	4.1	5.8	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	505	285	220	0.8	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,655	565	1,090	2.6	1.7	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	855	425	430	1.3	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,210	1,495	1,715	5.0	4.5	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,115	1,235	885	3.3	3.7	2.9
61 Educational services	3,875	930	2,940	6.1	2.8	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,725	1,395	7,330	13.7	4.2	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,245	620	620	2.0	1.9	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,410	1,355	2,055	5.4	4.1	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,195	1,665	1,530	5.0	5.0	5.0
91 Public administration	3,045	1,500	1,540	4.8	4.5	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,060	35,260	32,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,150	34,800	32,350	98.7	98.7	98.6
French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	240	115	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	500	265	235	0.7	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,060	35,260	32,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,915	35,210	32,705	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	67,735	35,115	32,620	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	67,655	35,085	32,565	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	180	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,060	35,260	32,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,440	34,905	32,535	99.1	99.0	99.2
English	105	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	145	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	330	180	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	310	180	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,090	29,755	27,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,145	4,525	5,625	17.8	15.2	20.6
Worked outside Canada	155	135	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,340	7,250	2,085	16.4	24.4	7.6
Usual place of work	37,450	17,850	19,605	65.6	60.0	71.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,450	17,850	19,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,330	9,220	12,110	57.0	51.7	61.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,315	6,730	6,580	35.6	37.7	33.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,560	1,715	850	6.8	9.6	4.3
Commute to a different province or territory	245	180	60	0.7	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,790	25,100	21,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,115	23,170	19,945	92.1	92.3	92.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,015	22,295	18,720	87.7	88.8	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,100	875	1,225	4.5	3.5	5.6
Public transit	600	285	320	1.3	1.1	1.5
Walked	1,855	890	965	4.0	3.5	4.4
Bicycle	255	165	90	0.5	0.7	0.4
Other method	960	595	365	2.1	2.4	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,790	25,100	21,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,130	8,390	10,740	40.9	33.4	49.5
15 to 29 minutes	15,830	8,440	7,390	33.8	33.6	34.1
30 to 44 minutes	6,105	3,960	2,140	13.0	15.8	9.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,430	1,635	795	5.2	6.5	3.7
60 minutes and over	3,300	2,675	625	7.1	10.7	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,790	25,100	21,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,800	2,975	825	8.1	11.9	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,860	5,975	2,890	18.9	23.8	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,955	6,900	6,055	27.7	27.5	27.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,095	3,655	5,440	19.4	14.6	25.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,175	2,040	3,130	11.1	8.1	14.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,910	3,555	3,355	14.8	14.2	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,145	13,525	12,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,230	635	595	4.7	4.7	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,915	12,895	12,025	95.3	95.3	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,715	10,195	9,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950	500	455	4.8	4.9	4.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	175	200	1.9	1.7	2.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	320	255	2.9	3.1	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,765	9,700	9,065	95.2	95.1	95.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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