Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Red Deer--LacombeMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	131,575	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	128,786	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	56,039	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	50,755	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	21.2	...	...	21.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,199.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,575	65,455	66,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	27,105	13,955	13,150	20.6	21.3	19.9
0 to 4 years	8,070	4,170	3,900	6.1	6.4	5.9
5 to 9 years	9,465	4,845	4,620	7.2	7.4	7.0
10 to 14 years	9,565	4,940	4,625	7.3	7.5	7.0
15 to 64 years	84,995	42,285	42,710	64.6	64.6	64.6
15 to 19 years	8,385	4,260	4,125	6.4	6.5	6.2
20 to 24 years	7,175	3,665	3,515	5.5	5.6	5.3
25 to 29 years	7,975	3,980	3,995	6.1	6.1	6.0
30 to 34 years	9,380	4,705	4,675	7.1	7.2	7.1
35 to 39 years	10,075	4,895	5,190	7.7	7.5	7.8
40 to 44 years	9,005	4,550	4,455	6.8	7.0	6.7
45 to 49 years	7,940	4,035	3,900	6.0	6.2	5.9
50 to 54 years	7,715	3,815	3,900	5.9	5.8	5.9
55 to 59 years	8,605	4,100	4,505	6.5	6.3	6.8
60 to 64 years	8,735	4,280	4,455	6.6	6.5	6.7
65 years and over	19,470	9,210	10,260	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 to 69 years	7,115	3,490	3,625	5.4	5.3	5.5
70 to 74 years	5,050	2,490	2,560	3.8	3.8	3.9
75 to 79 years	3,155	1,510	1,645	2.4	2.3	2.5
80 to 84 years	2,120	945	1,175	1.6	1.4	1.8
85 years and over	2,035	780	1,255	1.5	1.2	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,195	520	675	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	655	215	435	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.6	21.3	19.9	20.6	21.3	19.9
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.6	64.6	64.6	64.6	64.6
65 years and over	14.8	14.1	15.5	14.8	14.1	15.5
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	38.6	37.9	39.2	38.6	37.9	39.2
Median age of the population	38.0	37.2	38.4	38.0	37.2	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,885	...	...	64.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,025	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	3,960	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,215	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,385	...	...	12.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	430	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,015	...	...	25.6	...	...
2 persons	18,130	...	...	35.7	...	...
3 persons	7,610	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	6,715	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	5,285	...	...	10.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,220	64,365	64,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,465	51,500	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	60,290	30,090	30,200	57.7	58.4	57.0
Married	48,790	24,370	24,420	46.7	47.3	46.1
Living common-law	11,500	5,715	5,785	11.0	11.1	10.9
Living common law - Never married	8,480	4,245	4,235	8.1	8.2	8.0
Living common law - Separated	515	280	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,285	1,105	1,180	2.2	2.1	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	215	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	44,180	21,405	22,770	42.3	41.6	43.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,920	15,865	13,060	27.7	30.8	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,075	1,305	1,775	2.9	2.5	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,335	3,130	4,200	7.0	6.1	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,850	1,110	3,740	4.6	2.2	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,570	...	...	51.2	...	...
3 persons	7,170	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	6,465	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,075	...	...	11.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,535	...	...	81.4	...	...
Married couples	23,785	...	...	65.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,150	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	11,640	...	...	32.1	...	...
Common-law couples	5,750	...	...	15.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,590	...	...	7.1	...	...
Without children	3,160	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,750	...	...	18.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,100	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,645	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,225	64,365	64,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	106,985	52,875	54,105	82.8	82.1	83.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	59,070	29,480	29,590	45.7	45.8	45.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,750	1,645	5,100	5.2	2.6	7.9
Children⁶	41,165	21,755	19,410	31.9	33.8	29.9
In a two-parent family	29,895	15,670	14,220	23.1	24.3	21.9
In a one-parent family	11,275	6,080	5,190	8.7	9.4	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,235	11,485	10,750	17.2	17.8	16.6
Living alone	13,015	6,340	6,675	10.1	9.9	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	3,235	1,525	1,710	2.5	2.4	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	5,985	3,625	2,365	4.6	5.6	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,540	...	...	62.1	...	...
Couple-family households	26,765	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	13,310	...	...	26.2	...	...
Without children	13,455	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,780	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,330	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,060	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,530	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	13,020	...	...	25.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,220	50,465	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,225	47,940	49,285	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,000	35,600	41,200	50,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,310	47,980	49,330	95.2	95.1	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	33,200	37,600	44,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,745	43,260	42,485	83.9	85.7	82.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	46,800	27,400	36,000	46,800	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,035	36,590	34,450	69.5	72.5	66.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	47,600	29,000	36,800	47,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,210	41,735	44,470	84.3	82.7	85.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,800	11,100	9,900	8,800	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,345	6,580	5,770	12.1	13.0	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,120	5,760	6,000	6,120	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,615	15,650	15,965	30.9	31.0	30.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,000	8,500	9,000	9,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	102,130	50,425	51,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,210	47,855	49,355	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,600	63,150	42,320	52,600	63,150	42,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,310	47,910	49,400	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	52,150	37,440	44,680	52,150	37,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,570	43,275	42,295	83.8	85.8	81.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040	59,800	36,040	48,040	59,800	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,010	36,860	34,145	69.5	73.1	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	57,650	36,080	47,280	57,650	36,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,975	41,430	44,550	84.2	82.2	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,640	10,490	12,700	11,640	10,490	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,405	6,615	5,790	12.1	13.1	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,980	7,130	7,050	6,980	7,130
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,035	15,320	15,715	30.4	30.4	30.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,420	9,330	9,510	9,420	9,330	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	102,130	50,425	51,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,290	17,080	13,215	29.7	33.9	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	69,500	52,400	60,800	69,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,500	79,200	56,900	69,500	79,200	56,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,645	14,970	15,675	30.0	29.7	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	30,200	18,400	22,800	30,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,840	43,200	24,920	33,840	43,200	24,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	85.6	73.0	80.4	85.6	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	70.4	59.0	65.6	70.4	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6	14.4	27.1	19.6	14.4	27.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.4	5.1	8.3	6.4	5.1	8.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	4.7	7.1	5.7	4.7	7.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,220	50,465	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,995	2,525	2,470	4.9	5.0	4.8
With total income	97,225	47,940	49,285	95.1	95.0	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,145	3,240	4,905	8.4	6.8	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,095	3,920	6,170	10.4	8.2	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	15,990	6,790	9,195	16.4	14.2	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,635	5,155	7,485	13.0	10.8	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,040	4,830	6,205	11.4	10.1	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,950	4,300	4,655	9.2	9.0	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,060	3,770	3,290	7.3	7.9	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,310	3,130	2,185	5.5	6.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,110	2,660	1,450	4.2	5.5	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,470	2,225	1,245	3.6	4.6	2.5
$100,000 and over	10,420	7,920	2,500	10.7	16.5	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	7,095	5,120	1,970	7.3	10.7	4.0
$150,000 and over	3,325	2,795	530	3.4	5.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,220	50,465	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,910	2,485	2,430	4.8	4.9	4.7
With after-tax income	97,310	47,985	49,325	95.2	95.1	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,475	3,380	5,095	8.7	7.0	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,485	4,080	6,410	10.8	8.5	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	18,005	7,710	10,300	18.5	16.1	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,950	6,290	8,660	15.4	13.1	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,485	5,830	6,655	12.8	12.1	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,690	5,115	4,580	10.0	10.7	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,910	4,100	2,810	7.1	8.5	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,010	3,215	1,795	5.1	6.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	2,350	1,320	3.8	4.9	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	1,565	640	2.3	3.3	1.3
$100,000 and over	5,425	4,360	1,060	5.6	9.1	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,760	2,160	600	2.8	4.5	1.2
$125,000 and over	2,665	2,200	465	2.7	4.6	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,220	50,465	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,180	13,880	17,305	30.5	27.5	33.4
With employment income	71,040	36,585	34,450	69.5	72.5	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,535	4,220	5,315	13.4	11.5	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,650	2,280	3,370	8.0	6.2	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,680	3,675	5,005	12.2	10.0	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,985	2,995	3,995	9.8	8.2	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,875	2,950	3,925	9.7	8.1	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,210	2,935	3,275	8.7	8.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,605	2,885	2,720	7.9	7.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,620	2,625	1,995	6.5	7.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	2,270	1,340	5.1	6.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,965	975	4.1	5.4	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	1,755	980	3.8	4.8	2.8
$100,000 and over	7,600	6,030	1,575	10.7	16.5	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,720	2,670	1,050	5.2	7.3	3.0
$125,000 and over	3,880	3,360	520	5.5	9.2	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,220	50,465	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,395	46,970	48,425	93.3	93.1	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,400	33,200	40,800	52,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,425	46,980	48,445	93.4	93.1	93.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	30,800	37,200	46,000	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,365	43,060	42,305	83.5	85.3	81.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	52,400	30,200	39,200	52,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,950	37,060	34,890	70.4	73.4	67.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	53,600	31,400	40,000	53,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,875	39,605	42,270	80.1	78.5	81.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,840	1,110	5,840	2,840	1,110	5,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,135	4,225	3,915	8.0	8.4	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,680	6,900	6,200	5,680	6,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	102,130	50,425	51,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,150	46,705	48,440	93.2	92.6	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,550	66,700	40,880	53,550	66,700	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,165	46,710	48,460	93.2	92.6	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,880	54,350	35,800	44,880	54,350	35,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,890	42,780	42,110	83.1	84.8	81.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,650	66,900	38,200	52,650	66,900	38,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,660	37,050	34,605	70.2	73.5	66.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,400	64,400	37,560	51,400	64,400	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,705	39,395	42,315	80.0	78.1	81.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,640	6,375	8,820	7,640	6,375	8,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,320	4,260	4,055	8.1	8.4	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,010	8,690	7,830	7,010	8,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	102,130	50,425	51,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,135	16,985	13,150	29.5	33.7	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	70,000	50,000	59,600	70,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,300	80,500	54,900	69,300	80,500	54,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,180	14,250	14,930	28.6	28.3	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	45,600	24,200	31,600	45,600	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,680	57,800	30,160	43,680	57,800	30,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	92.0	81.2	87.8	92.0	81.2
Employment income (%)	72.4	76.6	65.6	72.4	76.6	65.6
Government transfers (%)	12.3	8.1	18.8	12.3	8.1	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.8	1.3	1.0	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,720	...	...	45,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	117,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	475	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,840	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,550	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,775	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,070	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,855	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,730	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,665	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,250	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,145	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,710	...	...	40.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,580	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,600	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,415	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,110	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,940	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,045	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,820	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,090	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,325	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,150	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,435	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,265	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,885	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,410	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,280	...	...	32.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,555	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,150	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,575	...	...	11.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,000	9,965	9,040	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	43,600	37,200	40,400	43,600	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,800	34,400	36,400	38,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,100	...	...	116,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,200	...	...	142,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,400	...	...	119,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,300	...	...	74,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,200	...	...	67,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,960	9,705	9,250	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,600	54,300	46,680	50,600	54,300	46,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,280	45,640	40,840	43,280	45,640	40,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,225	64,370	64,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,990	16,465	15,530	24.8	25.6	23.9
0 to 5 years	9,910	5,085	4,825	7.7	7.9	7.4
18 to 64 years	79,010	39,095	39,910	61.1	60.7	61.5
65 years and over	18,220	8,805	9,410	14.1	13.7	14.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,455	6,780	7,670	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,560	2,315	2,240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,415	730	685	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,750	3,585	4,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,145	880	1,260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.5	11.8	11.2	10.5	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.1	14.4	14.2	14.1	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.2	14.3	14.2	14.2	14.3	14.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.2	10.4	9.8	9.2	10.4
65 years and over (%)	11.8	10.0	13.4	11.8	10.0	13.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	121,810	60,585	61,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,955	14,885	14,070	23.8	24.6	23.0
0 to 5 years	9,040	4,650	4,395	7.4	7.7	7.2
18 to 64 years	74,975	37,035	37,940	61.6	61.1	62.0
65 years and over	17,870	8,665	9,205	14.7	14.3	15.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,040	2,080	1,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	990	525	465	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	280	150	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,765	1,415	1,345	...	...	...
65 years and over	285	135	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.3	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,225	64,370	64,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,875	33,975	35,895	54.1	52.8	55.3
In bottom decile	12,835	6,330	6,510	9.9	9.8	10.0
In second decile	14,600	6,740	7,860	11.3	10.5	12.1
In third decile	14,425	6,930	7,495	11.2	10.8	11.6
In fourth decile	14,265	7,075	7,190	11.0	11.0	11.1
In fifth decile	13,750	6,905	6,850	10.6	10.7	10.6
In top half of the distribution	59,345	30,390	28,955	45.9	47.2	44.6
In sixth decile	12,765	6,465	6,305	9.9	10.0	9.7
In seventh decile	12,505	6,305	6,200	9.7	9.8	9.6
In eighth decile	12,610	6,470	6,140	9.8	10.1	9.5
In ninth decile	11,490	5,925	5,560	8.9	9.2	8.6
In top decile	9,980	5,225	4,750	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,220	...	...	129,220	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	129,960	64,675	65,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	123,955	62,050	61,905	95.4	95.9	94.8
French only	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,395	2,370	3,030	4.2	3.7	4.6
Neither English nor French	575	230	340	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	129,960	64,675	65,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	128,050	63,745	64,305	98.5	98.6	98.5
French	1,210	635	575	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	540	215	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	129,960	64,675	65,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	126,580	63,080	63,495	97.4	97.5	97.3
Official languages	113,255	56,625	56,630	87.1	87.6	86.7
English	111,955	55,940	56,015	86.1	86.5	85.8
French	1,305	690	615	1.0	1.1	0.9
Non-official languages	13,320	6,450	6,870	10.2	10.0	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,160	565	590	0.9	0.9	0.9
Algonquian languages	1,140	555	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Blackfoot	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,125	550	580	0.9	0.9	0.9
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,125	550	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	960	475	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,165	5,885	6,280	9.4	9.1	9.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	305	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	265	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	420	225	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,995	1,815	2,175	3.1	2.8	3.3
Bikol	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,285	1,500	1,785	2.5	2.3	2.7
Waray-Waray	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,050	3,030	3,020	4.7	4.7	4.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,070	515	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,055	510	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	465	240	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,450	1,240	1,205	1.9	1.9	1.8
Frisian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,195	590	600	0.9	0.9	0.9
German	1,120	545	570	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,120	590	530	0.9	0.9	0.8
Afrikaans	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	945	505	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	850	450	405	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	660	340	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	190	105	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,610	785	830	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,420	685	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	220	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	440	200	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,380	1,595	1,785	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	385	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,760	1,310	1,450	2.1	2.0	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	129,960	64,675	65,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	114,340	57,145	57,200	88.0	88.4	87.6
French	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,350	1,625	1,720	2.6	2.5	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,105	1,515	1,590	2.4	2.3	2.4
English and French	795	340	450	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	10,665	5,170	5,495	8.2	8.0	8.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	355	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	129,960	64,675	65,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,130	63,305	63,825	97.8	97.9	97.8
Official languages	119,915	59,745	60,170	92.3	92.4	92.2
English	119,580	59,575	60,010	92.0	92.1	91.9
French	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	7,215	3,560	3,655	5.6	5.5	5.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	380	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	380	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,830	3,380	3,450	5.3	5.2	5.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	345	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	165	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,600	1,255	1,340	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bikol	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,205	1,070	1,135	1.7	1.7	1.7
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,850	1,420	1,430	2.2	2.2	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	485	240	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	480	240	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	700	345	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	415	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	630	330	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	490	250	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,010	490	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	945	455	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	190	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,825	1,370	1,460	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and French	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,615	1,275	1,345	2.0	2.0	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	129,960	64,675	65,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	120,400	60,085	60,310	92.6	92.9	92.4
English	3,160	1,585	1,575	2.4	2.5	2.4
French	615	265	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	4,830	2,285	2,545	3.7	3.5	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	965	485	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-Indigenous	3,865	1,805	2,065	3.0	2.8	3.2
English and French	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	450	225	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	365	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,250	64,340	64,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,750	64,120	64,630	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	128,710	64,095	64,620	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	5,365	2,370	2,995	4.2	3.7	4.6
Non-official languages	19,405	9,395	10,005	15.0	14.6	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,970	1,460	1,510	2.3	2.3	2.3
Algonquian languages	2,940	1,440	1,495	2.3	2.2	2.3
Blackfoot	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,875	1,410	1,470	2.2	2.2	2.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	2,875	1,410	1,470	2.2	2.2	2.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	630	295	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,255	1,120	1,135	1.7	1.7	1.7
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,460	7,955	8,505	12.7	12.4	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	765	415	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	665	365	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	610	335	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,775	2,730	3,050	4.5	4.2	4.7
Bikol	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	195	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	375	160	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,625	2,660	2,965	4.4	4.1	4.6
Waray-Waray	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	55	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,965	3,895	4,065	6.2	6.1	6.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,290	650	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,285	650	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	655	350	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	550	280	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,950	1,490	1,460	2.3	2.3	2.2
Frisian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,415	735	680	1.1	1.1	1.0
German	1,360	705	655	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,490	765	730	1.2	1.2	1.1
Afrikaans	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	1,165	615	555	0.9	1.0	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,180	590	590	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	950	480	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	500	255	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	110	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,705	1,265	1,450	2.1	2.0	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	90	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,410	1,115	1,295	1.9	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	230	85	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	210	80	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	540	245	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	490	215	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,250	64,340	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,955	7,710	8,245	12.3	12.0	12.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,525	7,540	7,985	12.0	11.7	12.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,760	5,340	5,420	8.3	8.3	8.3
Métis	4,675	2,155	2,520	3.6	3.3	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	113,300	56,630	56,670	87.7	88.0	87.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,250	64,340	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,925	4,915	5,010	7.7	7.6	7.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	119,330	59,425	59,900	92.3	92.4	92.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,015	...	...	69.0	...	...
Renter	14,130	...	...	27.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,570	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,220	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not condominium	45,495	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,420	...	...	6.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,510	...	...	20.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,385	...	...	34.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,255	...	...	38.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,525	...	...	20.8	...	...
5 rooms	8,340	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	8,015	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,815	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,020	...	...	33.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,655	...	...	97.9	...	...
More than one person per room	1,060	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,720	...	...	96.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,995	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,670	...	...	9.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,095	...	...	23.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,695	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,595	...	...	15.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,775	...	...	9.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,175	...	...	12.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,385	...	...	10.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,325	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,130	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,580	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,080	...	...	51.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,365	...	...	44.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,265	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,880	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,895	...	...	15.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,415	...	...	20.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,745	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,965	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,330	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,430	...	...	6.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,045	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,510	...	...	79.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,850	...	...	20.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,100	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,080	...	...	27.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,915	...	...	17.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,415	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,415	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	750	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,630	...	...	72.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,230	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not in core need	42,380	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,470	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.8	...	...	64.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.6	...	...	15.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,506	...	...	1,506	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	336,000	...	...	336,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	372,400	...	...	372,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,055	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.4	...	...	33.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,207	...	...	1,207	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...	...	226	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,255	64,335	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10,335	5,165	5,170	8.0	8.0	8.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10,125	5,035	5,095	7.8	7.8	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	8,900	4,455	4,445	6.9	6.9	6.8
Métis single ancestry	1,175	555	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	205	130	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	195	130	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,390	3,390	4,000	5.7	5.3	6.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,075	3,260	3,815	5.5	5.1	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,385	1,980	2,405	3.4	3.1	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,595	1,230	1,360	2.0	1.9	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	315	130	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,530	55,780	55,750	86.3	86.7	85.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,250	64,340	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	121,875	60,830	61,045	94.3	94.5	94.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,930	15,995	14,935	23.9	24.9	23.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,940	44,835	46,110	70.4	69.7	71.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,380	3,515	3,870	5.7	5.5	6.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,250	64,340	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,455	56,660	56,795	87.8	88.1	87.5
Immigrants⁸¹	14,950	7,300	7,650	11.6	11.3	11.8
Before 1980	2,030	995	1,040	1.6	1.5	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,180	560	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,385	725	665	1.1	1.1	1.0
2001 to 2010	3,330	1,665	1,660	2.6	2.6	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,025	3,355	3,665	5.4	5.2	5.6
2011 to 2015	3,555	1,725	1,835	2.8	2.7	2.8
2016 to 2021	3,465	1,640	1,830	2.7	2.5	2.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	845	375	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,950	7,300	7,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,325	680	645	8.9	9.3	8.4
5 to 14 years	3,110	1,715	1,390	20.8	23.5	18.2
15 to 24 years	2,485	1,260	1,230	16.6	17.3	16.1
25 to 44 years	6,865	3,135	3,735	45.9	42.9	48.8
45 years and over	1,160	510	650	7.8	7.0	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,950	7,300	7,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,235	1,075	1,165	14.9	14.7	15.2
Brazil	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Colombia	155	80	80	1.0	1.1	1.0
El Salvador	415	235	180	2.8	3.2	2.4
Guyana	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haiti	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jamaica	60	45	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Mexico	230	120	115	1.5	1.6	1.5
Peru	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	785	335	450	5.3	4.6	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	445	220	225	3.0	3.0	2.9
Europe	3,935	1,985	1,950	26.3	27.2	25.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	465	250	210	3.1	3.4	2.7
Greece	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italy	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	915	485	435	6.1	6.6	5.7
Poland	110	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.7
Portugal	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	110	50	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	95	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	375	215	160	2.5	2.9	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,150	570	580	7.7	7.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	480	190	285	3.2	2.6	3.7
Africa	930	510	420	6.2	7.0	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egypt	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eritrea	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ethiopia	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Morocco	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	80	55	30	0.5	0.8	0.4
Somalia	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	245	120	120	1.6	1.6	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	395	210	190	2.6	2.9	2.5
Asia	7,715	3,655	4,060	51.6	50.1	53.1
Afghanistan	130	70	60	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iraq	50	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	195	105	90	1.3	1.4	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	150	65	85	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	45	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	225	115	115	1.5	1.6	1.5
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	5,420	2,545	2,880	36.3	34.9	37.6
Viet Nam	170	65	100	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bangladesh	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	460	215	245	3.1	2.9	3.2
Pakistan	115	60	55	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	610	265	345	4.1	3.6	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130	80	55	0.9	1.1	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,470	1,635	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	330	130	200	9.5	8.0	10.9
Brazil	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Mexico	40	10	25	1.2	0.6	1.4
United States of America	115	50	65	3.3	3.1	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	130	50	80	3.7	3.1	4.4
Europe	470	260	215	13.5	15.9	11.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	55	20	35	1.6	1.2	1.9
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	215	130	80	6.2	8.0	4.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	25	1.9	2.1	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	100	60	45	2.9	3.7	2.5
Africa	290	170	125	8.4	10.4	6.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	15	10	0.6	0.9	0.5
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	40	25	1.9	2.4	1.4
Somalia	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	20	0.9	0.9	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	30	2.3	2.8	1.6
Asia	2,360	1,060	1,300	68.0	64.8	71.0
Afghanistan	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	110	50	60	3.2	3.1	3.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	30	15	10	0.9	0.9	0.5
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	20	1.3	1.5	1.1
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
Philippines	1,855	825	1,025	53.5	50.5	56.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	80	55	3.7	4.9	3.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	30	1.2	0.6	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,250	64,340	64,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,630	8,095	8,535	12.9	12.6	13.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,530	8,865	8,665	13.6	13.8	13.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	95,090	47,380	47,710	73.6	73.6	73.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,915	6,310	6,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,455	4,310	4,145	65.5	68.3	62.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,235	1,895	1,340	25.0	30.0	20.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,220	2,420	2,805	40.4	38.4	42.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,015	1,220	1,790	23.3	19.3	27.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,350	750	605	10.5	11.9	9.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	95	30	70	0.7	0.5	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,915	6,310	6,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	230	95	135	1.8	1.5	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,350	1,635	1,715	25.9	25.9	25.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	435	225	210	3.4	3.6	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	205	220	3.3	3.2	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	15	55	0.6	0.2	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,400	4,130	4,265	65.0	65.5	64.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,250	64,340	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,865	7,360	7,505	11.5	11.4	11.6
South Asian	1,500	765	735	1.2	1.2	1.1
Chinese	695	370	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Black	1,720	895	830	1.3	1.4	1.3
Filipino	6,965	3,340	3,630	5.4	5.2	5.6
Arab	455	225	225	0.4	0.3	0.3
Latin American	1,395	690	705	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	625	320	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	325	195	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	515	245	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,390	56,980	57,410	88.5	88.6	88.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,250	64,340	64,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,590	9,490	9,105	14.4	14.7	14.0
English	28,285	13,475	14,810	21.9	20.9	22.8
Irish	19,780	9,110	10,670	15.3	14.2	16.4
Scottish	23,070	11,225	11,850	17.8	17.4	18.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,560	5,045	5,515	8.2	7.8	8.5
German	25,630	12,195	13,435	19.8	19.0	20.7
Chinese	1,220	610	610	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	2,340	1,135	1,205	1.8	1.8	1.9
Indian (India)	945	485	460	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ukrainian	9,795	5,020	4,780	7.6	7.8	7.4
Dutch	9,010	4,430	4,580	7.0	6.9	7.1
Polish	4,175	2,015	2,165	3.2	3.1	3.3
Québécois	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,270	1,665	1,605	2.5	2.6	2.5
Filipino	6,225	2,970	3,255	4.8	4.6	5.0
French Canadian	815	375	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,965	1,585	1,375	2.3	2.5	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,350	2,150	2,200	3.4	3.3	3.4
Métis	4,270	2,050	2,225	3.3	3.2	3.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,335	1,205	1,130	1.8	1.9	1.7
Russian	3,755	1,815	1,935	2.9	2.8	3.0
Norwegian	7,060	3,285	3,775	5.5	5.1	5.8
Welsh	3,095	1,480	1,615	2.4	2.3	2.5
Portuguese	320	170	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	2,660	1,315	1,340	2.1	2.0	2.1
Spanish	1,050	535	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swedish	4,565	2,010	2,550	3.5	3.1	3.9
Hungarian	1,815	825	985	1.4	1.3	1.5
Acadian	190	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	315	190	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	670	325	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,580	2,775	2,800	4.3	4.3	4.3
Korean	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	815	370	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	2,435	1,075	1,360	1.9	1.7	2.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	990	425	575	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sikh	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austrian	1,005	470	535	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belgian	655	285	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	455	220	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	415	235	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	1,130	575	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	1,275	585	685	1.0	0.9	1.1
Sri Lankan	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	300	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	310	150	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	830	375	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Muslim	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	830	375	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Colombian	210	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	595	275	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	195	50	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	275	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	235	85	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	325	160	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	1,540	770	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ghanaian	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	1,510	740	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,250	64,340	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	62,380	29,630	32,750	48.3	46.1	50.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,200	7,910	8,290	12.5	12.3	12.8
Anabaptist	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,660	1,205	1,455	2.1	1.9	2.2
Baptist	1,515	690	825	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	19,605	9,575	10,030	15.2	14.9	15.5
Christian Orthodox	685	340	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	835	375	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	900	430	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lutheran	3,120	1,415	1,710	2.4	2.2	2.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	480	215	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,465	645	820	1.1	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	1,145	490	655	0.9	0.8	1.0
Reformed	1,475	725	750	1.1	1.1	1.2
United Church	6,120	2,585	3,530	4.7	4.0	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,045	2,955	3,095	4.7	4.6	4.8
Hindu	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,190	650	535	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	225	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	4,025	2,065	1,960	3.1	3.2	3.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,200	450	755	0.9	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	59,265	30,990	28,275	45.9	48.2	43.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	127,750	63,625	64,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	111,130	55,575	55,555	87.0	87.3	86.6
Movers	16,615	8,045	8,570	13.0	12.6	13.4
Non-migrants	8,830	4,340	4,490	6.9	6.8	7.0
Migrants	7,790	3,710	4,080	6.1	5.8	6.4
Internal migrants	7,380	3,545	3,835	5.8	5.6	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	6,085	2,940	3,140	4.8	4.6	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,295	605	695	1.0	1.0	1.1
External migrants	410	165	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	121,090	60,125	60,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,935	36,225	35,710	59.4	60.2	58.6
Movers	49,160	23,900	25,260	40.6	39.8	41.4
Non-migrants	19,090	9,530	9,560	15.8	15.9	15.7
Migrants	30,070	14,375	15,700	24.8	23.9	25.8
Internal migrants	27,550	13,180	14,370	22.8	21.9	23.6
Intraprovincial migrants	23,120	11,085	12,025	19.1	18.4	19.7
Interprovincial migrants	4,435	2,090	2,340	3.7	3.5	3.8
External migrants	2,520	1,190	1,330	2.1	2.0	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,130	50,425	51,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,385	13,085	10,300	22.9	25.9	19.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,745	37,340	41,405	77.1	74.1	80.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,605	33,670	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,515	6,725	4,795	16.8	20.0	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,085	26,945	30,140	83.2	80.0	86.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,130	50,420	51,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,980	10,890	9,090	19.6	21.6	17.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,405	16,540	16,855	32.7	32.8	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,750	22,990	25,760	47.7	45.6	49.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,365	17,905	17,455	34.6	35.5	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,840	9,340	2,500	11.6	18.5	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,105	1,820	1,280	3.0	3.6	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,740	7,520	1,220	8.6	14.9	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,700	7,625	13,075	20.3	15.1	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,820	940	1,885	2.8	1.9	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,385	5,080	8,305	13.1	10.1	16.1
Bachelor's degree	10,020	3,655	6,365	9.8	7.2	12.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	775	285	495	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	185	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,950	785	1,170	1.9	1.6	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	170	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,600	33,670	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,280	5,350	3,925	13.5	15.9	11.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,275	10,575	10,700	31.0	31.4	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,050	17,745	20,300	55.5	52.7	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,060	13,820	13,245	39.4	41.0	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,980	7,145	1,840	13.1	21.2	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,205	1,330	875	3.2	4.0	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,775	5,815	960	9.9	17.3	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,945	5,875	10,075	23.2	17.4	28.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,135	795	1,335	3.1	2.4	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,990	3,930	7,060	16.0	11.7	20.2
Bachelor's degree	8,305	2,925	5,375	12.1	8.7	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	635	240	395	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	150	180	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,540	515	1,020	2.2	1.5	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	102,130	50,420	51,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,380	27,435	25,950	52.3	54.4	50.2
Education	3,815	885	2,925	3.7	1.8	5.7
13. Education	3,815	885	2,925	3.7	1.8	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	330	555	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	765	265	505	0.7	0.5	1.0
Humanities	1,230	625	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	195	50	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	265	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,465	790	2,675	3.4	1.6	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	160	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	895	30	855	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	640	130	505	0.6	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	755	115	635	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	690	315	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	8,785	2,405	6,380	8.6	4.8	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	130	655	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,975	2,280	5,705	7.8	4.5	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	985	485	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	160	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	915	465	440	0.9	0.9	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	735	405	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	90	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,555	12,685	870	13.3	25.2	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,055	875	180	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,185	2,820	365	3.1	5.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,740	3,635	110	3.7	7.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,485	3,385	100	3.4	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,920	1,875	45	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,110	1,230	880	2.1	2.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,675	960	720	1.6	1.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	435	270	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	9,200	1,365	7,840	9.0	2.7	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	165	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,705	1,165	7,545	8.5	2.3	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,785	1,710	2,075	3.7	3.4	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,270	445	1,825	2.2	0.9	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	405	195	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	905	850	50	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	68,600	33,670	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,550	15,925	14,630	44.5	47.3	41.9
Education	2,690	530	2,160	3.9	1.6	6.2
13. Education	2,690	530	2,160	3.9	1.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	670	230	435	1.0	0.7	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	610	205	405	0.9	0.6	1.2
Humanities	915	470	445	1.3	1.4	1.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	150	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	230	120	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	185	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,880	630	2,250	4.2	1.9	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	350	135	225	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	30	680	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	515	80	435	0.8	0.2	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	600	85	515	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	610	275	340	0.9	0.8	1.0
Business, management and public administration	6,965	1,925	5,045	10.2	5.7	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	80	555	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,315	1,845	4,470	9.2	5.5	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	790	360	430	1.2	1.1	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	790	410	380	1.2	1.2	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	650	365	290	0.9	1.1	0.8
25. Library science	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,535	9,780	760	15.4	29.0	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	890	720	170	1.3	2.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,475	2,180	300	3.6	6.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,890	2,790	95	4.2	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,615	2,530	90	3.8	7.5	0.3
48. Precision production	1,515	1,475	40	2.2	4.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,660	895	765	2.4	2.7	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,295	675	615	1.9	2.0	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	220	150	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	7,050	1,060	5,990	10.3	3.1	17.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	120	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,650	905	5,745	9.7	2.7	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,080	1,450	1,630	4.5	4.3	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,765	360	1,405	2.6	1.1	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	340	175	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	780	740	45	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	68,600	33,670	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,550	15,925	14,630	44.5	47.3	41.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,050	17,745	20,305	55.5	52.7	58.1
Location of study inside Canada	32,465	15,170	17,295	47.3	45.1	49.5
Same as province or territory of residence	26,465	12,455	14,005	38.6	37.0	40.1
Different than province or territory of residence	6,000	2,710	3,295	8.7	8.0	9.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,585	2,575	3,010	8.1	7.6	8.6
Americas	1,135	540	590	1.7	1.6	1.7
United States of America	865	425	440	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mexico	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,040	600	440	1.5	1.8	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	220	145	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Switzerland	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	210	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	165	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	215	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	3,115	1,290	1,820	4.5	3.8	5.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	2,425	960	1,465	3.5	2.9	4.2
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	245	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	102,130	50,420	51,710	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,400	35,645	31,765	...	...	...
Employed	58,625	30,825	27,800	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,780	4,820	3,965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,730	14,780	19,950	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	70.7	61.4	66.0	70.7	61.4
Employment rate	57.4	61.1	53.8	57.4	61.1	53.8
Unemployment rate	13.0	13.5	12.5	13.0	13.5	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	102,130	50,420	51,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,930	15,920	21,010	36.2	31.6	40.6
Worked	65,200	34,500	30,695	63.8	68.4	59.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,845	18,055	13,790	31.2	35.8	26.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,355	16,445	16,915	32.7	32.6	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.4	40.1	40.3	40.4	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,405	35,640	31,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530	1,310	1,220	3.8	3.7	3.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,875	34,330	30,540	96.2	96.3	96.2
Employee	53,640	27,590	26,045	79.6	77.4	82.0
Permanent position	44,225	23,150	21,075	65.6	65.0	66.4
Temporary position	9,410	4,440	4,970	14.0	12.5	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,465	995	1,475	3.7	2.8	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,945	3,445	3,500	10.3	9.7	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,230	6,735	4,500	16.7	18.9	14.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,405	35,640	31,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530	1,310	1,220	3.8	3.7	3.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,875	34,330	30,540	96.2	96.3	96.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	400	260	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,025	1,995	7,025	13.4	5.6	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,895	2,170	720	4.3	6.1	2.3
3 Health occupations	5,720	870	4,850	8.5	2.4	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,180	1,675	4,510	9.2	4.7	14.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,075	345	730	1.6	1.0	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	15,615	6,310	9,305	23.2	17.7	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,635	13,370	1,265	21.7	37.5	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,675	4,455	1,220	8.4	12.5	3.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,645	2,885	765	5.4	8.1	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,405	35,640	31,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530	1,310	1,220	3.8	3.7	3.8
All industries¹⁹¹	64,875	34,330	30,540	96.2	96.3	96.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,640	2,325	1,315	5.4	6.5	4.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,810	4,230	575	7.1	11.9	1.8
22 Utilities	350	285	65	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	6,980	5,940	1,045	10.4	16.7	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	4,370	3,195	1,180	6.5	9.0	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,790	1,385	405	2.7	3.9	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	7,705	3,465	4,240	11.4	9.7	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,840	2,165	675	4.2	6.1	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	325	165	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,540	435	1,105	2.3	1.2	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	870	470	405	1.3	1.3	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,035	1,455	1,580	4.5	4.1	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,385	1,060	3.6	3.9	3.3
61 Educational services	3,500	845	2,660	5.2	2.4	8.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,235	1,345	7,890	13.7	3.8	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,115	580	540	1.7	1.6	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,830	1,465	2,365	5.7	4.1	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,445	1,705	1,740	5.1	4.8	5.5
91 Public administration	2,970	1,465	1,505	4.4	4.1	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,325	37,365	33,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,945	36,790	33,160	98.1	98.5	97.6
French	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	285	90	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	905	405	505	1.3	1.1	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,325	37,365	33,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,145	37,290	33,855	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	70,910	37,165	33,745	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	70,780	37,125	33,660	99.2	99.4	99.1
French	130	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	235	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,325	37,365	33,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,290	36,935	33,360	98.5	98.8	98.2
English	185	90	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	210	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	590	240	355	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous	425	195	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,625	30,825	27,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,910	3,810	5,100	15.2	12.4	18.3
Worked outside Canada	160	145	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,685	8,355	2,325	18.2	27.1	8.4
Usual place of work	38,865	18,510	20,360	66.3	60.0	73.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,865	18,505	20,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,635	8,940	11,695	53.1	48.3	57.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,470	7,715	7,760	39.8	41.7	38.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,495	1,660	830	6.4	9.0	4.1
Commute to a different province or territory	265	195	75	0.7	1.1	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,550	26,865	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,960	24,995	20,965	92.8	93.0	92.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,050	23,780	19,265	86.9	88.5	84.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,910	1,215	1,700	5.9	4.5	7.5
Public transit	705	315	390	1.4	1.2	1.7
Walked	1,810	825	980	3.7	3.1	4.3
Bicycle	215	165	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	865	565	300	1.7	2.1	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,550	26,865	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,415	9,675	10,745	41.2	36.0	47.4
15 to 29 minutes	17,175	9,185	7,990	34.7	34.2	35.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,790	4,045	2,745	13.7	15.1	12.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,025	1,380	645	4.1	5.1	2.8
60 minutes and over	3,150	2,585	560	6.4	9.6	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,550	26,865	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,300	3,270	1,030	8.7	12.2	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,245	6,180	3,065	18.7	23.0	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,615	7,440	6,175	27.5	27.7	27.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,485	3,915	5,580	19.1	14.6	24.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,245	1,995	3,250	10.6	7.4	14.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,655	4,070	3,590	15.4	15.1	15.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	32,680	16,820	15,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,420	670	745	4.3	4.0	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	31,260	16,145	15,115	95.7	96.0	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,960	12,325	11,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,055	495	555	4.4	4.0	4.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	180	210	1.6	1.5	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	665	315	345	2.8	2.6	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,915	11,825	11,085	95.6	95.9	95.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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