Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	226,404	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	215,106	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	99,134	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	92,129	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,266.2	...	...	1,266.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.81	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	226,405	111,280	115,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,660	21,770	20,885	18.8	19.6	18.1
0 to 4 years	13,555	6,805	6,750	6.0	6.1	5.9
5 to 9 years	14,730	7,460	7,270	6.5	6.7	6.3
10 to 14 years	14,370	7,505	6,865	6.3	6.7	6.0
15 to 64 years	148,560	74,100	74,460	65.6	66.6	64.7
15 to 19 years	12,945	6,685	6,265	5.7	6.0	5.4
20 to 24 years	14,915	7,735	7,190	6.6	7.0	6.2
25 to 29 years	15,475	7,675	7,800	6.8	6.9	6.8
30 to 34 years	17,510	8,615	8,895	7.7	7.7	7.7
35 to 39 years	17,945	8,930	9,010	7.9	8.0	7.8
40 to 44 years	16,170	8,140	8,025	7.1	7.3	7.0
45 to 49 years	13,715	6,800	6,915	6.1	6.1	6.0
50 to 54 years	12,510	6,260	6,250	5.5	5.6	5.4
55 to 59 years	13,910	6,715	7,190	6.1	6.0	6.2
60 to 64 years	13,460	6,540	6,920	5.9	5.9	6.0
65 years and over	35,185	15,415	19,775	15.5	13.9	17.2
65 to 69 years	11,370	5,415	5,955	5.0	4.9	5.2
70 to 74 years	8,610	3,995	4,615	3.8	3.6	4.0
75 to 79 years	5,755	2,550	3,205	2.5	2.3	2.8
80 to 84 years	4,295	1,690	2,605	1.9	1.5	2.3
85 years and over	5,150	1,760	3,390	2.3	1.6	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,940	1,045	1,900	1.3	0.9	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,710	600	1,115	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	440	110	330	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.6	18.1	18.8	19.6	18.1
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.6	64.7	65.6	66.6	64.7
65 years and over	15.5	13.9	17.2	15.5	13.9	17.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.1	39.0	38.0	40.1
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	58,120	...	...	63.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,625	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	6,025	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,210	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,560	...	...	20.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,390	...	...	4.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	27,875	...	...	30.3	...	...
2 persons	30,420	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	13,605	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	12,475	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	7,745	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	183,750	89,510	94,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	102,485	51,180	51,305	55.8	57.2	54.4
Married	85,680	42,785	42,895	46.6	47.8	45.5
Living common-law	16,805	8,395	8,410	9.1	9.4	8.9
Living common law - Never married	12,930	6,495	6,430	7.0	7.3	6.8
Living common law - Separated	485	250	230	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,530	1,575	1.7	1.7	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	285	120	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	81,260	38,330	42,930	44.2	42.8	45.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	56,260	30,255	26,005	30.6	33.8	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,115	1,740	2,380	2.2	1.9	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,230	4,350	6,880	6.1	4.9	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,655	1,985	7,665	5.3	2.2	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	61,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	30,355	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	13,035	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	11,915	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	5,700	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	61,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	49,900	...	...	81.8	...	...
Married couples	41,500	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	22,965	...	...	37.6	...	...
Without children	18,530	...	...	30.4	...	...
Common-law couples	8,405	...	...	13.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,160	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	5,240	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,105	...	...	18.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,590	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,515	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	178,470	88,170	90,300	80.0	80.2	79.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	99,805	49,885	49,920	44.7	45.4	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	11,100	2,510	8,590	5.0	2.3	7.6
Children⁶	67,565	35,775	31,790	30.3	32.5	28.1
In a two-parent family	49,485	25,920	23,560	22.2	23.6	20.8
In a one-parent family	18,085	9,850	8,230	8.1	9.0	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	44,605	21,800	22,805	20.0	19.8	20.2
Living alone	27,880	12,455	15,420	12.5	11.3	13.6
Living with other relatives⁷	6,140	2,880	3,250	2.8	2.6	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	10,590	6,460	4,125	4.7	5.9	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	54,045	...	...	58.7	...	...
Couple-family households	45,345	...	...	49.2	...	...
With children⁶	23,660	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	21,690	...	...	23.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,695	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,000	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,855	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	27,880	...	...	30.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	180,515	88,260	92,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,475	84,055	88,420	95.5	95.2	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,200	42,400	46,400	51,200	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,530	84,085	88,450	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	41,200	44,800	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	156,630	77,335	79,295	86.8	87.6	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,600	41,600	48,400	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,495	66,025	63,470	71.7	74.8	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	43,200	48,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,065	73,240	79,825	84.8	83.0	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,520	9,200	7,650	5,520	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,300	8,315	7,985	9.0	9.4	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,680	5,520	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,490	21,960	22,530	24.6	24.9	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,410	83,980	88,430	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	63,400	50,360	56,700	63,400	50,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,475	84,010	88,460	95.5	95.2	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	51,600	43,120	47,280	51,600	43,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,820	77,340	79,480	86.9	87.6	86.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,500	44,760	52,550	60,500	44,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,490	65,810	63,685	71.7	74.6	69.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	58,600	45,320	52,100	58,600	45,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,715	72,965	79,755	84.6	82.7	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,820	11,210	10,070	8,820	11,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,120	8,290	7,820	8.9	9.4	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,115	7,880	6,970	6,115	7,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,490	22,075	22,415	24.6	25.0	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,890	8,960	8,920	8,890	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	180,510	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,735	35,970	30,765	37.0	40.7	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	71,500	62,400	67,000	71,500	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,200	82,700	68,700	76,200	82,700	68,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	48,570	22,880	25,690	26.9	25.9	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	16,800	19,000	21,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,160	25,160	28,440	32,160	25,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.0	80.0	84.2	88.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.4	64.8	69.0	72.4	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	12.1	20.1	15.7	12.1	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.4	4.7	4.0	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,045	4,205	3,840	4.5	4.8	4.2
With total income	172,470	84,050	88,420	95.5	95.2	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,070	6,025	7,050	7.6	7.2	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	16,245	7,040	9,210	9.4	8.4	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	23,555	10,145	13,410	13.7	12.1	15.2
$30,000 to $39,999	20,845	9,090	11,750	12.1	10.8	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	19,810	8,820	10,995	11.5	10.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	17,170	8,100	9,070	10.0	9.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	14,075	7,155	6,915	8.2	8.5	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	11,300	6,070	5,230	6.6	7.2	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	8,925	4,860	4,065	5.2	5.8	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	7,140	3,835	3,300	4.1	4.6	3.7
$100,000 and over	20,340	12,910	7,435	11.8	15.4	8.4
$100,000 to $149,999	14,395	8,695	5,700	8.3	10.3	6.4
$150,000 and over	5,945	4,210	1,730	3.4	5.0	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,980	4,175	3,810	4.4	4.7	4.1
With after-tax income	172,530	84,080	88,450	95.6	95.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,595	6,185	7,410	7.9	7.4	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	17,125	7,425	9,700	9.9	8.8	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	27,115	11,855	15,260	15.7	14.1	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	25,285	11,290	14,000	14.7	13.4	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	23,600	11,005	12,595	13.7	13.1	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	19,355	9,775	9,580	11.2	11.6	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	14,600	7,735	6,860	8.5	9.2	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	10,790	5,730	5,065	6.3	6.8	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,865	3,790	3,070	4.0	4.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,475	2,645	1,830	2.6	3.1	2.1
$100,000 and over	9,735	6,650	3,085	5.6	7.9	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	5,345	3,515	1,830	3.1	4.2	2.1
$125,000 and over	4,395	3,140	1,255	2.5	3.7	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	51,020	22,235	28,785	28.3	25.2	31.2
With employment income	129,495	66,025	63,470	71.7	74.8	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,130	6,950	8,180	11.7	10.5	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	9,600	4,335	5,260	7.4	6.6	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,950	6,395	7,555	10.8	9.7	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	5,415	5,790	8.7	8.2	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040	5,205	5,835	8.5	7.9	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,605	5,475	6,130	9.0	8.3	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,470	5,425	8.4	8.3	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	9,755	5,220	4,535	7.5	7.9	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	8,090	4,455	3,635	6.2	6.7	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,830	3,720	3,110	5.3	5.6	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	5,720	3,080	2,635	4.4	4.7	4.2
$100,000 and over	15,670	10,290	5,375	12.1	15.6	8.5
$100,000 to $124,999	7,735	4,660	3,075	6.0	7.1	4.8
$125,000 and over	7,935	5,635	2,305	6.1	8.5	3.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	180,515	88,260	92,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,335	81,900	86,430	93.3	92.8	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	40,400	44,800	51,200	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,395	81,905	86,485	93.3	92.8	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	40,000	44,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,960	76,000	77,960	85.3	86.1	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	42,800	50,000	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,340	65,415	62,925	71.1	74.1	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	39,200	44,000	50,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,080	68,975	75,110	79.8	78.1	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,130	4,680	2,100	1,130	4,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,025	5,915	6,110	6.7	6.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	7,000	6,040	5,400	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,460	81,880	86,580	93.3	92.8	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	62,350	47,800	54,850	62,350	47,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,505	81,890	86,615	93.3	92.8	93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,440	40,640	45,400	50,440	40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	154,535	76,130	78,400	85.6	86.2	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	62,000	45,000	53,350	62,000	45,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,830	65,605	63,220	71.4	74.3	68.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100	60,100	45,800	53,100	60,100	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,205	69,075	75,130	79.9	78.3	81.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,595	8,120	6,910	5,595	8,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,030	5,960	6,065	6.7	6.8	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,335	8,970	7,660	6,335	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	180,510	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,185	35,655	30,525	36.7	40.4	33.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,500	58,400	63,600	68,500	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	80,200	64,400	72,900	80,200	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,210	21,230	23,980	25.0	24.1	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,800	23,000	25,400	28,800	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	40,720	30,640	35,360	40,720	30,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.2	89.2	92.4	85.2
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.2	70.0	74.0	77.2	70.0
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	14.8	10.8	7.6	14.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	92,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	92,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	57,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,025	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,135	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,740	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,020	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,190	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,350	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,315	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,815	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,445	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,290	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,365	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,465	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,635	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,820	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,115	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,430	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,290	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,245	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,785	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,930	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,795	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,240	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,590	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,100	...	...	33.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,745	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,785	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,570	...	...	12.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,465	18,920	19,550	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,400	42,800	42,800	42,400	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000	38,400	38,000	38,000	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	127,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	126,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,405	18,935	19,475	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	52,200	51,000	51,600	52,200	51,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	43,240	43,720	43,480	43,240	43,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,185	25,655	24,530	22.5	23.3	21.7
0 to 5 years	16,460	8,265	8,195	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	140,050	69,635	70,415	62.8	63.3	62.3
65 years and over	32,840	14,685	18,155	14.7	13.4	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,980	11,385	12,590	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,235	3,695	3,540	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,605	1,245	1,365	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,305	6,485	6,820	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,440	1,205	2,230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.4	11.1	10.8	10.4	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.1	16.6	15.8	15.1	16.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	9.5	9.3	9.7
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.2	12.3	10.5	8.2	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,190	25,655	24,535	22.5	23.3	21.7
0 to 5 years	16,465	8,260	8,200	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years	140,045	69,635	70,415	62.8	63.3	62.3
65 years and over	32,840	14,690	18,155	14.7	13.4	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,110	5,450	4,660	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,380	1,220	1,155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	395	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,290	4,030	3,260	...	...	...
65 years and over	445	200	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.1	4.5	5.0	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	5.2	5.8	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	106,475	51,510	54,960	47.7	46.8	48.6
In bottom decile	21,960	10,990	10,975	9.8	10.0	9.7
In second decile	21,470	9,915	11,550	9.6	9.0	10.2
In third decile	21,120	10,170	10,955	9.5	9.2	9.7
In fourth decile	20,780	10,030	10,745	9.3	9.1	9.5
In fifth decile	21,145	10,400	10,745	9.5	9.5	9.5
In top half of the distribution	116,600	58,465	58,135	52.3	53.2	51.4
In sixth decile	22,300	10,955	11,350	10.0	10.0	10.0
In seventh decile	23,405	11,675	11,730	10.5	10.6	10.4
In eighth decile	24,275	12,145	12,130	10.9	11.0	10.7
In ninth decile	24,685	12,445	12,235	11.1	11.3	10.8
In top decile	21,940	11,240	10,695	9.8	10.2	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	223,075	...	...	223,075	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	207,155	102,745	104,415	92.6	93.2	92.0
French only	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	13,580	6,160	7,420	6.1	5.6	6.5
Neither English nor French	2,900	1,295	1,605	1.3	1.2	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	218,150	107,635	110,515	97.5	97.6	97.3
French	2,300	1,120	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	590	300	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	2,775	1,225	1,550	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	215,360	106,115	109,245	96.2	96.2	96.2
Official languages	173,925	85,390	88,535	77.7	77.4	78.0
English	171,680	84,300	87,375	76.7	76.4	77.0
French	2,250	1,090	1,160	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	41,435	20,730	20,710	18.5	18.8	18.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	120	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	255	90	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,115	20,605	20,505	18.4	18.7	18.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,025	1,515	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	425	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,425	1,230	1,200	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,750	885	860	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,605	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,565	755	815	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,330	3,480	3,850	3.3	3.2	3.4
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	405	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	435	200	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,905	2,825	3,085	2.6	2.6	2.7
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,105	605	500	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	620	330	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,315	10,480	9,840	9.1	9.5	8.7
Albanian	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,770	1,275	1,495	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,720	1,250	1,470	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	350	160	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	840	395	445	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	165	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,090	485	610	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,810	850	955	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,400	645	755	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	1,385	640	745	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	460	230	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,150	7,060	6,095	5.9	6.4	5.4
Indo-Aryan languages	12,310	6,620	5,690	5.5	6.0	5.0
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,365	715	645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Gujarati	2,635	1,485	1,155	1.2	1.3	1.0
Hindi	1,165	655	510	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	360	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,980	2,140	1,840	1.8	1.9	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,505	1,280	1,230	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	840	435	395	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	595	300	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	335	170	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	955	970	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,265	630	630	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	505	210	295	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,140	585	560	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	335	165	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,125	2,515	2,615	2.3	2.3	2.3
Chinese languages	4,585	2,240	2,345	2.0	2.0	2.1
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,170	1,560	1,605	1.4	1.4	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,225	590	640	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	350	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	135	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,455	4,165	4,285	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	760	390	375	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,670	3,295	3,375	3.0	3.0	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	750	350	400	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	174,880	85,845	89,030	78.1	77.8	78.4
French	630	310	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	11,290	5,610	5,675	5.0	5.1	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,270	5,605	5,665	5.0	5.1	5.0
English and French	2,030	940	1,090	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	32,530	16,345	16,185	14.5	14.8	14.3
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	460	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	1,405	710	690	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	214,720	105,675	109,040	95.9	95.8	96.0
Official languages	188,395	92,390	96,000	84.2	83.8	84.6
English	187,440	91,930	95,515	83.7	83.4	84.1
French	950	460	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	26,325	13,290	13,040	11.8	12.1	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,245	13,255	12,990	11.7	12.0	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0.9	0.9	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0.7	0.7	0.8
Amharic	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,225	595	630	0.5	0.5	0.6
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,280	630	650	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,270	625	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,720	2,285	2,435	2.1	2.1	2.1
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,015	1,940	2,070	1.8	1.8	1.8
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	455	245	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,250	6,405	5,840	5.5	5.8	5.1
Albanian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,170	585	590	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,150	570	580	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	550	275	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,745	5,185	4,560	4.4	4.7	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	9,190	4,915	4,280	4.1	4.5	3.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	965	505	465	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	1,990	1,100	885	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hindi	840	480	360	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,245	1,745	1,505	1.4	1.6	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,735	870	860	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	270	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	395	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	400	430	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	635	305	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	375	165	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,855	1,905	1,955	1.7	1.7	1.7
Chinese languages	3,445	1,695	1,750	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,560	1,275	1,285	1.1	1.2	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	790	375	410	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	335	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	280	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,095	4,600	4,495	4.1	4.2	4.0
English and French	325	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,445	4,285	4,160	3.8	3.9	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	223,810	110,275	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	193,760	95,265	98,495	86.6	86.4	86.8
English	11,190	5,645	5,545	5.0	5.1	4.9
French	1,745	810	930	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	12,130	5,975	6,155	5.4	5.4	5.4
Indigenous³⁹	395	145	245	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	11,730	5,825	5,905	5.2	5.3	5.2
English and French	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,735	1,445	1,290	1.2	1.3	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,705	880	825	0.8	0.8	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	220,175	108,690	111,480	98.7	98.8	98.6
English	220,040	108,625	111,415	98.6	98.8	98.5
French	13,815	6,470	7,345	6.2	5.9	6.5
Non-official languages	56,270	28,045	28,225	25.2	25.5	25.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	440	565	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	870	395	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	745	340	410	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	745	340	410	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	330	145	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,310	27,620	27,690	24.8	25.1	24.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,400	2,235	2,170	2.0	2.0	1.9
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	850	415	430	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	615	300	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,665	1,880	1,785	1.6	1.7	1.6
Amharic	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,685	1,410	1,280	1.2	1.3	1.1
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	290	165	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,135	1,030	1,110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,055	980	1,075	0.9	0.9	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,005	4,785	5,215	4.5	4.4	4.6
Bikol	120	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	605	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	1,055	490	565	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indonesian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,730	4,640	5,090	4.4	4.2	4.5
Waray-Waray	90	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	330	175	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	365	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,650	850	795	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kannada	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	900	465	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	440	255	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,325	13,960	13,365	12.2	12.7	11.8
Albanian	260	150	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,700	1,915	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,575	1,680	1,900	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	365	175	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,610	785	825	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	585	290	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,665	750	915	0.7	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,405	1,225	1,185	1.1	1.1	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,770	870	895	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	1,740	860	880	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	285	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	200	130	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	140	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	755	390	365	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	17,290	9,110	8,180	7.8	8.3	7.2
Indo-Aryan languages	16,400	8,620	7,780	7.4	7.8	6.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,820	915	910	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	3,340	1,860	1,485	1.5	1.7	1.3
Hindi	7,705	4,100	3,610	3.5	3.7	3.2
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,940	3,155	2,785	2.7	2.9	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,945	2,035	1,910	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,080	590	490	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	260	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	765	425	340	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	355	185	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,635	1,740	1,895	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	575	235	340	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,670	1,285	1,390	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	400	175	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	630	300	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,110	1,590	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	530	285	240	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,280	645	635	0.6	0.6	0.6
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	305	180	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	250	135	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	50	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,055	2,965	3,090	2.7	2.7	2.7
Chinese languages	5,315	2,630	2,685	2.4	2.4	2.4
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,130	2,050	2,080	1.9	1.9	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	760	815	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	685	305	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
S'gaw Karen	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	185	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	315	150	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,290	11,030	12,260	10.4	10.0	10.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,710	10,755	11,955	10.2	9.8	10.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,040	6,565	7,470	6.3	6.0	6.6
Métis	8,535	4,140	4,395	3.8	3.8	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	370	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	199,790	98,950	100,840	89.6	90.0	89.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,680	5,905	6,780	5.7	5.4	6.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	210,395	104,070	106,320	94.3	94.6	94.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	61,220	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	30,915	...	...	33.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	14,130	...	...	15.3	...	...
Not condominium	78,000	...	...	84.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...	11.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,810	...	...	25.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	30,900	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,105	...	...	28.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,460	...	...	29.8	...	...
5 rooms	14,260	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	12,625	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	11,565	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,220	...	...	28.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	89,080	...	...	96.7	...	...
More than one person per room	3,050	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	86,520	...	...	93.9	...	...
Not suitable	5,610	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,285	...	...	19.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,850	...	...	34.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,435	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,825	...	...	6.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,955	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,265	...	...	5.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,045	...	...	9.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,475	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	85,405	...	...	92.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,725	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,865	...	...	50.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	41,225	...	...	44.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,035	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,770	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,385	...	...	16.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,035	...	...	20.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,265	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,545	...	...	18.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,405	...	...	13.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,640	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	3,085	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	91,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	73,980	...	...	80.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,705	...	...	19.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,160	...	...	17.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,315	...	...	29.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,445	...	...	16.8	...	...
Not suitable only	4,400	...	...	4.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,835	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	745	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,810	...	...	70.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	90,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,285	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	80,850	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	63.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,462	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,600	...	...	361,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	35.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,214	...	...	1,214	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,405	5,765	6,640	5.6	5.2	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,905	5,555	6,350	5.3	5.1	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,865	4,575	5,290	4.4	4.2	4.7
Métis single ancestry	1,985	965	1,015	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	500	215	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	485	200	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,575	5,595	5,975	5.2	5.1	5.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,995	5,355	5,645	4.9	4.9	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,020	2,945	3,075	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,895	2,375	2,520	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	575	245	335	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	225	305	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	199,095	98,615	100,480	89.3	89.7	88.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	195,205	95,795	99,410	87.5	87.1	87.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,050	22,905	22,140	20.2	20.8	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	150,155	72,885	77,270	67.3	66.3	68.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,865	14,180	13,685	12.5	12.9	12.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	171,745	84,035	87,715	77.0	76.4	77.6
Immigrants⁸¹	45,210	22,500	22,710	20.3	20.5	20.1
Before 1980	3,820	1,890	1,930	1.7	1.7	1.7
1980 to 1990	1,880	945	930	0.8	0.9	0.8
1991 to 2000	2,670	1,240	1,430	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	9,090	4,415	4,670	4.1	4.0	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,750	14,005	13,750	12.4	12.7	12.2
2011 to 2015	12,835	6,605	6,235	5.8	6.0	5.5
2016 to 2021	14,915	7,405	7,510	6.7	6.7	6.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,115	3,440	2,670	2.7	3.1	2.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,210	22,500	22,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,335	2,280	2,055	9.6	10.1	9.0
5 to 14 years	8,155	4,400	3,755	18.0	19.6	16.5
15 to 24 years	7,195	3,230	3,965	15.9	14.4	17.5
25 to 44 years	21,815	10,655	11,160	48.3	47.4	49.1
45 years and over	3,705	1,930	1,780	8.2	8.6	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,210	22,500	22,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,275	1,565	1,705	7.2	7.0	7.5
Brazil	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	160	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	675	315	355	1.5	1.4	1.6
Mexico	320	170	150	0.7	0.8	0.7
Peru	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,160	500	665	2.6	2.2	2.9
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	240	1.2	1.3	1.1
Europe	5,675	2,870	2,800	12.6	12.8	12.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	220	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	440	200	235	1.0	0.9	1.0
Greece	265	160	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
Hungary	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	290	140	150	0.6	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	200	135	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
Poland	215	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portugal	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	885	405	475	2.0	1.8	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	705	675	3.1	3.1	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	835	455	375	1.8	2.0	1.7
Africa	6,275	3,265	3,010	13.9	14.5	13.3
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	345	175	170	0.8	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	425	220	205	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.9
Morocco	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	2,230	1,165	1,065	4.9	5.2	4.7
Somalia	345	165	180	0.8	0.7	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	325	190	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	2,020	1,085	930	4.5	4.8	4.1
Asia	29,845	14,735	15,110	66.0	65.5	66.5
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
Iraq	195	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.6
Turkey	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,905	1,360	1,550	6.4	6.0	6.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	395	185	210	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	9,835	4,720	5,120	21.8	21.0	22.5
Viet Nam	1,410	640	775	3.1	2.8	3.4
Bangladesh	1,240	665	580	2.7	3.0	2.6
India	7,380	3,820	3,560	16.3	17.0	15.7
Pakistan	2,640	1,335	1,305	5.8	5.9	5.7
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,155	1,070	1,085	4.8	4.8	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	55	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,915	7,405	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	800	405	390	5.4	5.5	5.2
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	135	110	1.6	1.8	1.5
Mexico	100	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	265	110	155	1.8	1.5	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
Europe	770	450	315	5.2	6.1	4.2
France	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	160	75	85	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	55	1.1	1.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	295	185	105	2.0	2.5	1.4
Africa	2,760	1,430	1,330	18.5	19.3	17.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	165	80	85	1.1	1.1	1.1
Eritrea	215	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.5
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	1,410	760	650	9.5	10.3	8.7
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	3.2	3.1	3.1
Asia	10,565	5,110	5,450	70.8	69.0	72.6
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	490	245	250	3.3	3.3	3.3
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	8.1	8.2	8.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	3,970	1,970	2,000	26.6	26.6	26.6
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	15	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	85	30	50	0.6	0.4	0.7
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	785	400	385	5.3	5.4	5.1
Philippines	2,320	1,085	1,235	15.6	14.7	16.4
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	3.7	3.5	4.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.1	1.8	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	1.5	1.5	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	52,445	26,425	26,015	23.5	24.0	23.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,220	14,020	15,205	13.1	12.7	13.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,410	69,530	71,880	63.4	63.2	63.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,390	20,605	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,700	14,780	13,920	69.3	71.7	67.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,780	7,470	4,305	28.5	36.3	20.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,925	7,310	9,615	40.9	35.5	46.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,330	3,050	4,280	17.7	14.8	20.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,280	2,740	2,540	12.8	13.3	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,390	20,605	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	315	235	1.3	1.5	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,905	2,655	2,250	11.9	12.9	10.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,255	680	580	3.0	3.3	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,605	2,150	1,450	8.7	10.4	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,895	14,730	16,170	74.6	71.5	77.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	57,340	28,975	28,370	25.7	26.3	25.1
South Asian	19,200	10,035	9,165	8.6	9.1	8.1
Chinese	5,880	2,970	2,915	2.6	2.7	2.6
Black	9,820	5,040	4,785	4.4	4.6	4.2
Filipino	11,995	5,750	6,240	5.4	5.2	5.5
Arab	1,995	1,040	960	0.9	0.9	0.8
Latin American	1,410	690	720	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	3,530	1,735	1,800	1.6	1.6	1.6
West Asian	925	495	430	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	605	275	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	275	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	175	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,320	655	660	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	165,730	81,000	84,730	74.3	73.7	74.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	223,075	109,975	113,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,775	9,460	9,325	8.4	8.6	8.2
English	41,185	20,070	21,115	18.5	18.2	18.7
Irish	29,090	13,795	15,295	13.0	12.5	13.5
Scottish	34,185	16,635	17,550	15.3	15.1	15.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,565	9,015	9,550	8.3	8.2	8.4
German	55,470	26,925	28,545	24.9	24.5	25.2
Chinese	6,350	3,160	3,190	2.8	2.9	2.8
Italian	3,005	1,445	1,560	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indian (India)	9,420	4,985	4,430	4.2	4.5	3.9
Ukrainian	25,760	12,385	13,370	11.5	11.3	11.8
Dutch	4,735	2,275	2,460	2.1	2.1	2.2
Polish	11,270	5,345	5,925	5.1	4.9	5.2
Québécois	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,060	2,530	2,535	2.3	2.3	2.2
Filipino	10,810	5,215	5,600	4.8	4.7	5.0
French Canadian	1,015	540	470	0.5	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,960	1,580	1,385	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,090	3,890	4,205	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis	7,915	3,775	4,140	3.5	3.4	3.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,295	1,195	1,100	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian	6,060	2,930	3,130	2.7	2.7	2.8
Norwegian	9,695	4,615	5,085	4.3	4.2	4.5
Welsh	3,695	1,815	1,880	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	440	220	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,240	1,165	1,075	1.0	1.1	1.0
Spanish	1,605	690	915	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	5,075	2,390	2,685	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hungarian	8,225	4,050	4,170	3.7	3.7	3.7
Acadian	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,905	1,480	1,425	1.3	1.3	1.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,725	905	820	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	750	400	355	0.3	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	1,880	990	890	0.8	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	2,055	1,015	1,040	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	995	530	465	0.4	0.5	0.4
Greek	1,275	680	590	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	965	440	525	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,075	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,185	1,935	2,250	1.9	1.8	2.0
Korean	615	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	4,560	2,215	2,345	2.0	2.0	2.1
Lebanese	295	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	410	230	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	290	255	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	2,060	955	1,105	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,060	940	1,120	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sikh	1,170	645	530	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	5,890	2,860	3,030	2.6	2.6	2.7
Belgian	1,595	825	770	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexican	570	300	275	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	745	365	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	780	400	375	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	820	375	450	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	620	320	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	365	145	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,180	625	555	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	620	330	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	1,290	545	745	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,035	500	530	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	475	200	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	460	240	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	460	220	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	425	185	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,235	635	600	0.6	0.6	0.5
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	200	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,430	775	655	0.6	0.7	0.6
Armenian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	345	210	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	175	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	665	290	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	270	160	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	300	185	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,145	595	550	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	195	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	485	240	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	640	340	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	450	190	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	250	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	225	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	340	195	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	110	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	595	320	280	0.3	0.3	0.2
Byelorussian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0.3	0.2	0.3
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,300	625	675	0.6	0.6	0.6
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,360	610	750	0.6	0.6	0.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	115	50	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	485	250	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0.8	0.8	0.8
Christian	117,905	54,955	62,955	52.9	50.0	55.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,455	8,435	9,020	7.8	7.7	8.0
Anabaptist	470	195	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	4,645	2,075	2,565	2.1	1.9	2.3
Baptist	2,835	1,320	1,515	1.3	1.2	1.3
Catholic	53,990	25,615	28,375	24.2	23.3	25.1
Christian Orthodox	3,745	1,870	1,880	1.7	1.7	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	915	425	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	520	280	245	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	10,855	4,935	5,915	4.9	4.5	5.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	355	155	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,085	1,425	1,660	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	920	425	500	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	12,900	5,400	7,500	5.8	4.9	6.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,080	2,330	2,750	2.3	2.1	2.4
Hindu	6,565	3,480	3,085	2.9	3.2	2.7
Jewish	365	210	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	10,360	5,225	5,135	4.6	4.8	4.5
Sikh	4,305	2,245	2,065	1.9	2.0	1.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,210	470	740	0.5	0.4	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,555	695	855	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	79,020	41,845	37,180	35.4	38.0	32.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	220,495	108,695	111,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	187,225	92,215	95,015	84.9	84.8	85.0
Movers	33,270	16,480	16,790	15.1	15.2	15.0
Non-migrants	25,200	12,385	12,815	11.4	11.4	11.5
Migrants	8,070	4,095	3,975	3.7	3.8	3.6
Internal migrants	5,610	2,825	2,780	2.5	2.6	2.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,400	1,655	1,740	1.5	1.5	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,210	1,170	1,040	1.0	1.1	0.9
External migrants	2,460	1,265	1,195	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,595	103,240	106,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	121,160	59,805	61,355	57.8	57.9	57.7
Movers	88,435	43,435	45,000	42.2	42.1	42.3
Non-migrants	54,195	26,625	27,570	25.9	25.8	25.9
Migrants	34,235	16,810	17,430	16.3	16.3	16.4
Internal migrants	19,720	9,515	10,205	9.4	9.2	9.6
Intraprovincial migrants	13,090	6,225	6,865	6.2	6.0	6.5
Interprovincial migrants	6,630	3,295	3,340	3.2	3.2	3.1
External migrants	14,520	7,295	7,225	6.9	7.1	6.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,155	14,615	12,540	15.0	16.6	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,355	73,655	79,700	85.0	83.4	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,580	6,300	4,280	8.8	10.6	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	109,465	53,130	56,340	91.2	89.4	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,650	12,890	11,760	13.7	14.6	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	56,800	28,460	28,345	31.5	32.2	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,065	46,920	52,145	54.9	53.2	56.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,895	23,550	24,345	26.5	26.7	26.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,370	10,330	4,040	8.0	11.7	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,955	3,290	2,665	3.3	3.7	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,415	7,045	1,370	4.7	8.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,860	10,200	15,665	14.3	11.6	17.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,660	3,015	4,650	4.2	3.4	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,170	23,370	27,795	28.3	26.5	30.1
Bachelor's degree	35,810	16,030	19,780	19.8	18.2	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,550	1,180	1,370	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,325	635	690	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	10,055	4,670	5,385	5.6	5.3	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,430	855	575	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,250	5,345	3,910	7.7	9.0	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,385	17,465	15,920	27.8	29.4	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,405	36,615	40,795	64.5	61.6	67.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,120	17,640	17,480	29.3	29.7	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,760	7,830	2,925	9.0	13.2	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,360	2,470	1,890	3.6	4.2	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,405	5,360	1,040	5.3	9.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,340	7,780	11,560	16.1	13.1	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,020	2,025	2,995	4.2	3.4	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,290	18,980	23,310	35.2	31.9	38.5
Bachelor's degree	29,285	12,985	16,300	24.4	21.9	26.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,060	940	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,135	495	640	0.9	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	8,730	3,935	4,795	7.3	6.6	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,080	620	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,450	41,350	40,100	45.1	46.8	43.5
Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	4.4	2.3	6.3
13. Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	4.4	2.3	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	1,175	1,395	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	255	120	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,195	920	1,275	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	4,645	1,810	2,835	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	95	280	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,130	345	785	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,285	425	860	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	365	175	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	710	410	300	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	610	325	285	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,225	3,530	5,695	5.1	4.0	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	505	590	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,295	100	1,195	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,415	690	720	0.8	0.8	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,925	555	1,370	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	3,145	1,565	1,580	1.7	1.8	1.7
Business, management and public administration	24,945	9,745	15,200	13.8	11.0	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,245	630	1,615	1.2	0.7	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,670	9,105	13,565	12.6	10.3	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,065	1,485	1,580	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	535	680	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	645	270	370	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	970	605	365	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,390	3,565	1,825	3.0	4.0	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,560	3,200	1,360	2.5	3.6	1.5
25. Library science	205	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	545	280	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,420	17,495	1,930	10.8	19.8	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	510	325	190	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	5,200	4,190	1,010	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,945	3,545	400	2.2	4.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,730	4,600	130	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,065	3,005	55	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,970	1,825	145	1.1	2.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,015	675	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	735	540	0.7	0.8	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	15,520	3,105	12,415	8.6	3.5	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	575	565	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,955	2,310	11,645	7.7	2.6	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,685	1,940	2,745	2.6	2.2	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,000	670	2,325	1.7	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	685	370	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	570	40	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,635	22,815	19,825	35.5	38.4	32.7
Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	4.4	2.2	6.6
13. Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	4.4	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,060	945	1,120	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,790	750	1,040	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	3,460	1,325	2,130	2.9	2.2	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	870	270	595	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	345	670	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	280	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,510	2,780	4,730	6.3	4.7	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	95	960	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,120	505	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,430	365	1,060	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	2,645	1,260	1,375	2.2	2.1	2.3
Business, management and public administration	20,160	7,790	12,370	16.8	13.1	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,830	475	1,355	1.5	0.8	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,305	7,305	11,000	15.2	12.3	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,140	1,300	2.0	1.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	395	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	205	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	795	490	310	0.7	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,530	2,970	1,565	3.8	5.0	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,930	2,730	1,200	3.3	4.6	2.0
25. Library science	155	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,215	13,570	1,650	12.7	22.8	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	395	225	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	4,375	3,485	890	3.6	5.9	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,075	2,720	350	2.6	4.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,565	3,465	100	3.0	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,310	2,270	35	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,505	1,395	105	1.3	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	720	565	1.1	1.2	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	485	440	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	235	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	11,675	2,490	9,185	9.7	4.2	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	435	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,490	1,885	8,605	8.7	3.2	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,720	1,550	2,170	3.1	2.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	560	1,820	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	835	530	305	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	465	35	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,635	22,815	19,825	35.5	38.4	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	77,410	36,615	40,790	64.5	61.6	67.3
Location of study inside Canada	59,170	27,790	31,385	49.3	46.8	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	48,815	22,545	26,265	40.7	37.9	43.3
Different than province or territory of residence	10,355	5,235	5,120	8.6	8.8	8.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,235	8,830	9,410	15.2	14.9	15.5
Americas	1,745	870	870	1.5	1.5	1.4
United States of America	1,265	670	595	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,865	1,030	830	1.6	1.7	1.4
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	425	205	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	385	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,670	845	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nigeria	915	460	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	12,760	5,955	6,805	10.6	10.0	11.2
Iran⁸⁸	180	90	95	0.1	0.2	0.2
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,140	515	625	0.9	0.9	1.0
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	4,280	1,885	2,400	3.6	3.2	4.0
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,490	2,230	2,255	3.7	3.8	3.7
Pakistan	985	470	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oceania	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	170	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	180,515	88,270	92,245	...	...	...
In the labour force	121,685	63,155	58,530	...	...	...
Employed	109,630	56,600	53,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,055	6,555	5,495	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	58,825	25,115	33,710	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.5	63.5	67.4	71.5	63.5
Employment rate	60.7	64.1	57.5	60.7	64.1	57.5
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.4	9.4	9.9	10.4	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60,505	26,655	33,845	33.5	30.2	36.7
Worked	120,010	61,610	58,395	66.5	69.8	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	68,355	37,005	31,350	37.9	41.9	34.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	51,650	24,605	27,045	28.6	27.9	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.7	41.5	42.1	42.7	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2
Employee	105,420	53,550	51,870	86.6	84.8	88.6
Permanent position	87,510	45,135	42,370	71.9	71.5	72.4
Temporary position	17,910	8,410	9,495	14.7	13.3	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,670	2,425	3,240	4.7	3.8	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,245	5,990	6,255	10.1	9.5	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,755	7,715	5,040	10.5	12.2	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,255	805	460	1.0	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,435	7,285	15,150	18.4	11.5	25.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,310	7,170	2,140	7.7	11.4	3.7
3 Health occupations	10,485	2,050	8,435	8.6	3.2	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,865	5,645	10,215	13.0	8.9	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,845	1,270	1,575	2.3	2.0	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	31,200	14,620	16,575	25.6	23.1	28.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,595	18,065	1,525	16.1	28.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,960	1,525	425	1.6	2.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,830	405	2.7	4.5	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	830	325	0.9	1.3	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,070	895	180	0.9	1.4	0.3
22 Utilities	1,910	1,175	735	1.6	1.9	1.3
23 Construction	8,340	7,270	1,075	6.9	11.5	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	5,315	4,505	810	4.4	7.1	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	4,300	3,270	1,030	3.5	5.2	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	14,000	7,325	6,670	11.5	11.6	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,075	4,160	915	4.2	6.6	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	3,115	1,800	1,315	2.6	2.9	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	6,890	2,805	4,085	5.7	4.4	7.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,020	1,125	895	1.7	1.8	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,170	4,100	3,065	5.9	6.5	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,350	2,555	1,795	3.6	4.0	3.1
61 Educational services	8,490	2,875	5,620	7.0	4.6	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	17,380	3,510	13,875	14.3	5.6	23.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,295	1,180	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	7,620	3,635	3,990	6.3	5.8	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,695	2,645	3,055	4.7	4.2	5.2
91 Public administration	11,795	5,535	6,260	9.7	8.8	10.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,425	63,645	59,780	96.2	96.5	95.9
French	390	125	265	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	575	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	1,190	420	765	0.9	0.6	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,580	1,405	1,175	2.0	2.1	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,580	65,595	61,990	99.5	99.5	99.4
Official languages	126,620	65,080	61,540	98.7	98.7	98.7
English	125,900	64,880	61,020	98.1	98.4	97.9
French	725	205	515	0.6	0.3	0.8
Non-official languages	965	515	450	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	955	510	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	695	340	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	550	285	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,985	64,310	60,670	97.4	97.5	97.3
English	640	275	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	740	295	445	0.6	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	1,485	825	660	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,455	815	635	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,630	56,595	53,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,315	10,145	12,170	20.4	17.9	22.9
Worked outside Canada	195	155	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	12,175	9,390	2,790	11.1	16.6	5.3
Usual place of work	74,950	36,915	38,035	68.4	65.2	71.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	74,950	36,915	38,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,510	32,415	36,095	91.4	87.8	94.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,880	3,500	1,380	6.5	9.5	3.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	710	435	1.5	1.9	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	410	285	125	0.5	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	78,595	42,710	35,885	90.2	92.2	87.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	72,605	40,890	31,715	83.3	88.3	77.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,985	1,820	4,165	6.9	3.9	10.2
Public transit	3,145	1,210	1,935	3.6	2.6	4.7
Walked	3,160	1,320	1,840	3.6	2.9	4.5
Bicycle	505	340	165	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	1,730	720	1,010	2.0	1.6	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	36,430	18,265	18,165	41.8	39.4	44.5
15 to 29 minutes	41,820	22,725	19,095	48.0	49.1	46.8
30 to 44 minutes	5,240	3,075	2,160	6.0	6.6	5.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,820	1,075	745	2.1	2.3	1.8
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,165	650	2.1	2.5	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,030	2,925	1,100	4.6	6.3	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,970	8,550	5,420	16.0	18.5	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,895	14,460	13,430	32.0	31.2	32.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,230	8,110	9,125	19.8	17.5	22.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,260	4,605	5,655	11.8	9.9	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,745	7,655	6,090	15.8	16.5	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,095	26,135	24,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,960	2,015	1,945	7.8	7.7	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,130	24,120	23,005	92.2	92.3	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,465	18,790	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,030	1,555	1,475	8.3	8.3	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,175	1,075	1,105	6.0	5.7	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	485	375	2.3	2.6	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,435	17,240	16,200	91.7	91.8	91.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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