Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove		Saint-Jean-sur-RichelieuMore information: Quebec [Population centre] Remove
	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	97,873	...	88,083	...
Population, 2016¹	95,114	...	85,022^r	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.9	2.9	3.6	3.6
Total private dwellings²	44,255	...	40,351	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,913	...	39,089	...
Population density per square kilometre	431.3	431.3	1,637.3	1,637.3
Land area in square kilometres	226.93	...	53.80	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	97,875	100.0	88,075	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,645	17.0	14,900	16.9
0 to 4 years	5,045	5.2	4,485	5.1
5 to 9 years	5,580	5.7	4,985	5.7
10 to 14 years	6,010	6.1	5,435	6.2
15 to 64 years	60,235	61.5	53,920	61.2
15 to 19 years	4,865	5.0	4,340	4.9
20 to 24 years	4,670	4.8	4,250	4.8
25 to 29 years	5,695	5.8	5,170	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,040	6.2	5,445	6.2
35 to 39 years	6,170	6.3	5,535	6.3
40 to 44 years	6,585	6.7	5,925	6.7
45 to 49 years	5,895	6.0	5,270	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,070	6.2	5,360	6.1
55 to 59 years	7,035	7.2	6,215	7.1
60 to 64 years	7,210	7.4	6,410	7.3
65 years and over	20,995	21.5	19,255	21.9
65 to 69 years	6,410	6.5	5,745	6.5
70 to 74 years	5,525	5.6	4,980	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,050	4.1	3,730	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,585	2.6	2,440	2.8
85 years and over	2,425	2.5	2,360	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,485	1.5	1,435	1.6
90 to 94 years	750	0.8	735	0.8
95 to 99 years	165	0.2	165	0.2
100 years and over	20	0.0	20	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.0	16.9	16.9
15 to 64 years	61.5	61.5	61.2	61.2
65 years and over	21.5	21.5	21.9	21.9
85 years and over	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.7
Average age of the population	43.1	43.1	43.2	43.2
Median age of the population	43.6	43.6	43.6	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
Single-detached house	21,495	50.1	18,435	47.2
Semi-detached house	1,395	3.3	1,370	3.5
Row house	940	2.2	940	2.4
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,960	4.6	1,905	4.9
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,780	36.8	15,610	39.9
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	160	0.4	155	0.4
Other single-attached house	480	1.1	450	1.2
Movable dwelling⁴	710	1.7	230	0.6
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,915	100.0	39,090	100.0
1 person	14,455	33.7	13,685	35.0
2 persons	15,200	35.4	13,685	35.0
3 persons	5,745	13.4	5,110	13.1
4 persons	5,035	11.7	4,455	11.4
5 or more persons	2,475	5.8	2,150	5.5
Number of persons in private households	95,700	100.0	85,900	100.0
Average household size	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,230	100.0	73,180	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,450	57.2	41,030	56.1
Married	23,170	28.5	20,505	28.0
Living common-law	23,285	28.7	20,520	28.0
Living common law - Never married	18,715	23.0	16,465	22.5
Living common law - Separated	215	0.3	195	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,865	4.8	3,430	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	490	0.6	435	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	34,780	42.8	32,145	43.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,920	28.2	20,985	28.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,140	1.4	1,055	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,015	7.4	5,660	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,705	5.8	4,450	6.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,570	100.0	24,525	100.0
2 persons	15,255	55.3	13,645	55.6
3 persons	5,470	19.8	4,845	19.8
4 persons	4,840	17.6	4,280	17.5
5 or more persons	2,005	7.3	1,765	7.2
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,570	100.0	24,525	100.0
Total couple families	22,900	83.1	20,200	82.4
Married couples	11,260	40.8	9,945	40.6
With children⁶	4,345	15.8	3,845	15.7
Without children	6,920	25.1	6,095	24.9
Common-law couples	11,640	42.2	10,255	41.8
With children⁶	6,145	22.3	5,355	21.8
Without children	5,490	19.9	4,900	20.0
Total one-parent families	4,675	17.0	4,325	17.6
in which the parent is a woman+	3,345	12.1	3,130	12.8
in which the parent is a man+	1,330	4.8	1,200	4.9
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	95,695	100.0	85,900	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,920	80.4	68,285	79.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,795	47.9	40,405	47.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,670	4.9	4,325	5.0
Children⁶	26,445	27.6	23,555	27.4
In a two-parent family	19,395	20.3	17,045	19.8
In a one-parent family	7,050	7.4	6,510	7.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,780	19.6	17,620	20.5
Living alone	14,460	15.1	13,685	15.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,670	1.7	1,505	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,650	2.8	2,430	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,915	100.0	39,090	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,545	59.5	22,785	58.3
Couple-family households	21,545	50.2	19,045	48.7
With children⁶	9,860	23.0	8,675	22.2
Without children	11,690	27.2	10,375	26.5
One-parent-family households	3,995	9.3	3,735	9.6
Multigenerational households⁸	680	1.6	585	1.5
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	0.3	105	0.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	845	2.0	745	1.9
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,265	2.9	1,190	3.0
One-person households	14,460	33.7	13,685	35.0
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,075	100.0	71,025	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,610	98.1	69,685	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	42,400	42,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,630	98.2	69,700	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	37,600	37,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,950	88.5	62,640	88.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	35,200	34,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,045	70.9	50,090	70.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	38,800	38,400	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,515	81.6	58,120	81.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	11,600	11,800	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,070	12.7	9,040	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,360	5,320	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,240	28.1	19,965	28.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,080	100.0	71,065	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,650	98.2	69,765	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	50,000	49,840	49,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,660	98.2	69,775	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,240	41,240	41,280	41,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,805	88.3	62,540	88.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	43,920	43,800	43,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,045	70.9	50,110	70.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320	45,320	45,200	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,315	81.3	57,930	81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	12,680	12,740	12,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,020	12.7	8,945	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	6,690	6,620	6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,640	28.6	20,300	28.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,460	7,460	7,490	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,080	100.0	71,070	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,730	35.1	24,780	34.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	57,600	57,600	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	64,700	64,500	64,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,365	28.3	20,005	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	21,400	21,600	21,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520	29,520	29,440	29,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	79.0	78.8	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	65.4	65.2	65.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.0	21.0	21.2	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,075	100.0	71,030	100.0
Without total income	1,465	1.9	1,340	1.9
With total income	77,605	98.1	69,685	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,460	5.7	3,915	5.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,790	11.3	7,880	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,590	16.2	11,500	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,340	13.3	9,430	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,160	13.1	9,160	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,475	10.9	7,560	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,285	8.1	5,605	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,710	6.1	4,195	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,720	4.8	3,285	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	3.0	2,095	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,715	7.4	5,060	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,270	5.5	3,765	5.4
$150,000 and over	1,450	1.9	1,290	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,075	100.0	71,030	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,445	1.8	1,330	1.9
With after-tax income	77,630	98.2	69,695	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,810	6.2	4,225	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,285	12.0	8,310	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,785	19.0	13,530	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,385	17.2	12,145	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,085	15.6	10,785	15.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,625	11.1	7,665	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,990	7.7	5,345	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,525	4.5	3,130	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980	2.6	1,770	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	1.4	980	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,040	2.6	1,810	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,170	1.5	1,030	1.5
$125,000 and over	870	1.1	775	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,075	100.0	71,030	100.0
Without employment income	23,030	29.1	20,935	29.5
With employment income	56,050	70.9	50,090	70.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,335	11.3	5,615	11.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,115	7.3	3,705	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,585	11.7	5,865	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,785	10.3	5,245	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,035	10.8	5,465	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,020	10.7	5,365	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,045	9.0	4,545	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,160	7.4	3,680	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,310	5.9	2,945	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	5.0	2,460	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	3.0	1,490	3.0
$100,000 and over	4,210	7.5	3,720	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,330	4.2	2,060	4.1
$125,000 and over	1,875	3.3	1,660	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,075	100.0	71,025	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,445	96.7	68,660	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400	40,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,500	96.7	68,710	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600	35,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,165	87.5	61,970	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,400	36,000	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,270	71.2	50,340	70.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	39,200	38,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,370	73.8	52,795	74.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,600	8,700	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,105	11.5	8,175	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,520	4,480	4,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,080	100.0	71,065	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,485	96.7	68,755	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	47,640	47,400	47,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,555	96.8	68,820	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	39,320	39,160	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,015	87.3	61,835	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	44,320	44,160	44,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,265	71.1	50,305	70.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,480	45,480	45,320	45,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,470	73.9	52,845	74.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	9,980	10,000	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,020	11.4	8,065	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,620	6,530	6,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,080	100.0	71,070	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,650	35.0	24,715	34.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	54,800	54,800	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,650	61,650	61,500	61,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,235	26.9	18,990	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	27,000	26,800	26,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,960	33,960	33,760	33,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	84.0	83.8	83.8
Employment income (%)	70.2	70.2	70.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	16.0	16.0	16.2	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,915	...	39,090	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	74,500	73,000	73,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	64,500	63,200	63,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,460	...	13,685	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	38,400	38,000	38,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	34,000	34,000	34,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,460	...	25,400	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	100,000	99,000	99,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	85,000	84,000	84,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,915	...	39,090	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,500	90,500	88,900	88,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,700	74,700	73,700	73,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,435	...	13,665	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,240	45,240	44,520	44,520
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,280	38,280	37,840	37,840
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,475	...	25,430	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	113,400	112,800	112,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,100	93,100	93,000	93,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,915	100.0	39,090	100.0
Under $5,000	210	0.5	195	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	185	0.4	175	0.4
$10,000 to $14,999	540	1.3	510	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	835	1.9	805	2.1
$20,000 to $24,999	2,450	5.7	2,360	6.0
$25,000 to $29,999	1,645	3.8	1,565	4.0
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	3.5	1,425	3.6
$35,000 to $39,999	1,965	4.6	1,850	4.7
$40,000 to $44,999	2,025	4.7	1,890	4.8
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	4.3	1,755	4.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,650	8.5	3,325	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	7.4	2,905	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,910	6.8	2,635	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	6.3	2,435	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	5.6	2,165	5.5
$100,000 and over	14,845	34.6	13,095	33.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,940	11.5	4,390	11.2
$125,000 to $149,999	3,555	8.3	3,160	8.1
$150,000 to $199,999	3,940	9.2	3,450	8.8
$200,000 and over	2,405	5.6	2,090	5.3
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,915	100.0	39,090	100.0
Under $5,000	250	0.6	235	0.6
$5,000 to $9,999	200	0.5	190	0.5
$10,000 to $14,999	550	1.3	515	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	880	2.1	855	2.2
$20,000 to $24,999	2,595	6.0	2,485	6.4
$25,000 to $29,999	2,050	4.8	1,945	5.0
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	4.7	1,910	4.9
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	5.5	2,240	5.7
$40,000 to $44,999	2,360	5.5	2,205	5.6
$45,000 to $49,999	2,270	5.3	2,110	5.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,150	9.7	3,760	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,670	8.6	3,320	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,360	7.8	3,020	7.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,945	6.9	2,635	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	6.2	2,340	6.0
$100,000 and over	10,585	24.7	9,330	23.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	11.0	4,200	10.7
$125,000 to $149,999	2,900	6.8	2,545	6.5
$150,000 and over	2,980	6.9	2,585	6.6
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,505	...	24,510	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	100,000	99,000	99,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	85,000	85,000	85,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,815	...	10,485	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000	84,000	84,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	72,500	72,500	72,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,545	...	9,255	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	136,000	136,000	136,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	113,000	113,000	113,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,515	...	4,195	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	68,000	68,000	68,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	60,800	60,800	60,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,105	...	16,120	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	37,600	37,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	33,600	33,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,530	...	24,555	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,700	113,700	113,200	113,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,200	93,200	93,200	93,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,800	...	10,425	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,900	96,900	97,000	97,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	79,700	79,700	79,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,585	...	9,340	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	149,600	149,600	149,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,400	120,400	121,400	121,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,465	...	4,185	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	74,800	74,200	74,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	64,900	64,500	64,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,055	...	16,035	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,040	44,040	43,440	43,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	37,360	37,000	37,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	95,695	100.0	85,905	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,585	20.5	17,520	20.4
0 to 5 years	6,105	6.4	5,425	6.3
18 to 64 years	56,970	59.5	50,985	59.4
65 years and over	19,140	20.0	17,400	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,220	...	8,670	...
0 to 17 years	1,400	...	1,315	...
0 to 5 years	435	...	405	...
18 to 64 years	4,230	...	3,980	...
65 years and over	3,585	...	3,380	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	9.6	10.1	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.5	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	7.1	7.5	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.8	7.8
65 years and over (%)	18.7	18.7	19.4	19.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	95,695	100.0	85,900	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,585	20.5	17,515	20.4
0 to 5 years	6,105	6.4	5,430	6.3
18 to 64 years	56,970	59.5	50,985	59.4
65 years and over	19,145	20.0	17,400	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,835	...	2,710	...
0 to 17 years	355	...	330	...
0 to 5 years	95	...	90	...
18 to 64 years	2,175	...	2,085	...
65 years and over	310	...	295	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.8	4.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	95,700	100.0	85,905	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,420	53.7	46,885	54.6
In bottom decile	7,780	8.1	7,335	8.5
In second decile	10,015	10.5	9,235	10.8
In third decile	10,880	11.4	9,915	11.5
In fourth decile	11,255	11.8	10,170	11.8
In fifth decile	11,495	12.0	10,235	11.9
In top half of the distribution	44,275	46.3	39,020	45.4
In sixth decile	11,275	11.8	10,060	11.7
In seventh decile	10,980	11.5	9,700	11.3
In eighth decile	9,345	9.8	8,225	9.6
In ninth decile	7,805	8.2	6,730	7.8
In top decile	4,875	5.1	4,305	5.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	95,695	95,695	85,900	85,900
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	0.292	0.290	0.290
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	0.416	0.416	0.416
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	0.251	0.250	0.250
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	96,835	100.0	87,040	100.0
English only	580	0.6	530	0.6
French only	53,745	55.5	48,305	55.5
English and French	42,345	43.7	38,055	43.7
Neither English nor French	165	0.2	155	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	96,835	100.0	87,040	100.0
English	3,000	3.1	2,675	3.1
French	92,690	95.7	83,320	95.7
English and French	995	1.0	900	1.0
Neither English nor French	150	0.2	145	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	96,835	100.0	87,040	100.0
Single responses	94,980	98.1	85,375	98.1
Official languages	91,965	95.0	82,565	94.9
English	2,385	2.5	2,130	2.4
French	89,580	92.5	80,430	92.4
Non-official languages	3,010	3.1	2,810	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,005	3.1	2,805	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	540	0.6	525	0.6
Berber languages	60	0.1	60	0.1
Kabyle	60	0.1	60	0.1
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	0.5	455	0.5
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	465	0.5	445	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0	5	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0.0	5	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	0.1	85	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	0.0	35	0.0
Vietnamese	50	0.1	50	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	0.1	55	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	0.0	25	0.0
Merina	20	0.0	20	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0.0	10	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0.0	20	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	80	0.1	80	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	0.1	55	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0.0	15	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,880	1.9	1,725	2.0
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	0.1	135	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Slavic languages	145	0.1	135	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0.0	5	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	30	0.0	20	0.0
Russian	80	0.1	80	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0	5	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	0.2	140	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	120	0.1	100	0.1
German	105	0.1	95	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	0.0	25	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	30	0.0	20	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Danish	5	0.0	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	40	0.0	30	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	0.2	200	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	5	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	5	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	10	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	0.2	190	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	195	0.2	185	0.2
Dari	140	0.1	140	0.2
Iranian Persian	35	0.0	35	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0.0	20	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,310	1.4	1,210	1.4
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	160	0.2	145	0.2
Portuguese	275	0.3	255	0.3
Romanian	120	0.1	115	0.1
Spanish	750	0.8	700	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0	5	0.0
Korean	10	0.0	10	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	0.1	105	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0.0	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0.0	15	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0.0	5	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	0.0	15	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	10	0.0	10	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	15	0.0	15	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0	30	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0.0	15	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	0.1	105	0.1
Chinese languages	110	0.1	105	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	75	0.1	65	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0.0	30	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0.0	25	0.0
Lao	20	0.0	20	0.0
Thai	5	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	0.1	60	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	55	0.1	55	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	5	0.0	5	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,860	1.9	1,665	1.9
English and French	1,310	1.4	1,150	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	45	0.0	45	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	360	0.4	350	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	0.1	85	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	0.0	45	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	96,835	100.0	87,040	100.0
English	1,450	1.5	1,285	1.5
French	87,040	89.9	78,075	89.7
Non-official language	680	0.7	660	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	670	0.7	650	0.7
English and French	5,165	5.3	4,675	5.4
English and non-official language(s)	185	0.2	175	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,415	1.5	1,350	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	875	0.9	800	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	30	0.0	25	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	96,835	100.0	87,040	100.0
Single responses	95,105	98.2	85,465	98.2
Official languages	93,805	96.9	84,220	96.8
English	2,370	2.4	2,100	2.4
French	91,440	94.4	82,125	94.4
Non-official languages	1,300	1.3	1,240	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,295	1.3	1,240	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	0.2	225	0.3
Berber languages	25	0.0	25	0.0
Kabyle	25	0.0	25	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	0.2	200	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	190	0.2	190	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0.0	5	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	0.0	45	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Vietnamese	30	0.0	30	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.0	20	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0.0	10	0.0
Merina	5	0.0	5	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	30	0.0	25	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	0.0	20	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	820	0.8	775	0.9
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	0.1	70	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	0.1	70	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	10	0.0	5	0.0
Russian	60	0.1	55	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0.0	5	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0	5	0.0
German	5	0.0	5	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	0.2	150	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0.0	5	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	5	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	5	0.0	5	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	0.1	140	0.2
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	145	0.1	140	0.2
Dari	115	0.1	115	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	565	0.6	540	0.6
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	20	0.0	20	0.0
Portuguese	105	0.1	100	0.1
Romanian	60	0.1	60	0.1
Spanish	375	0.4	360	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0.0	20	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0.0	15	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	0.1	60	0.1
Chinese languages	60	0.1	60	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	45	0.0	50	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.0	10	0.0
Lao	10	0.0	10	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	0.1	50	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	50	0.1	45	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,730	1.8	1,575	1.8
English and French	1,150	1.2	1,025	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	55	0.1	55	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	370	0.4	360	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	0.1	110	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.0	20	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	96,835	100.0	87,040	100.0
None	90,665	93.6	81,375	93.5
English	3,500	3.6	3,210	3.7
French	1,145	1.2	1,040	1.2
Non-official language	900	0.9	835	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	0.0	5	0.0
Non-Indigenous	895	0.9	830	1.0
English and French	130	0.1	125	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	330	0.3	300	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	110	0.1	100	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	0.0	50	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	95,695	100.0	86,030	100.0
Official languages	95,505	99.8	85,850	99.8
English	42,640	44.6	38,305	44.5
French	94,890	99.2	85,280	99.1
Non-official languages	6,160	6.4	5,645	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,145	6.4	5,630	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	865	0.9	825	1.0
Berber languages	100	0.1	85	0.1
Kabyle	70	0.1	60	0.1
Tamazight	35	0.0	35	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	845	0.9	805	0.9
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	830	0.9	795	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	0.2	135	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	0.1	65	0.1
Vietnamese	85	0.1	80	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	0.1	55	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	0.1	50	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	235	0.2	220	0.3
Haitian Creole	170	0.2	170	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	45	0.0	25	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0.0	20	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	10	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,400	4.6	3,975	4.6
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	20	0.0	15	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	0.3	260	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	0.3	255	0.3
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	60	0.1	55	0.1
Russian	195	0.2	180	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.0	25	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	325	0.3	285	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	285	0.3	265	0.3
German	285	0.3	260	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0	15	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	0.0	20	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	25	0.0	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0.0	10	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	40	0.0	20	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	0.4	335	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	115	0.1	95	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	70	0.1	50	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	60	0.1	60	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	0.3	285	0.3
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	320	0.3	285	0.3
Dari	240	0.3	215	0.2
Iranian Persian	20	0.0	20	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	0.1	55	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,550	3.7	3,240	3.8
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	440	0.5	410	0.5
Portuguese	390	0.4	370	0.4
Romanian	145	0.2	140	0.2
Spanish	2,715	2.8	2,455	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	40	0.0	40	0.0
Korean	35	0.0	35	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	265	0.3	260	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	0.0	20	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0.0	15	0.0
Lingala	15	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0.0	10	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	0.1	65	0.1
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	15	0.0	15	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	55	0.1	55	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	50	0.1	50	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	0.1	60	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	100	0.1	85	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	0.1	70	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0	20	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	0.1	90	0.1
Chinese languages	110	0.1	90	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	105	0.1	80	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0.0	20	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	0.1	50	0.1
Lao	40	0.0	40	0.0
Thai	20	0.0	20	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	0.1	85	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	85	0.1	85	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0.0	10	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0.0	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	95,695	100.0	86,030	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,415	1.5	1,235	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,325	1.4	1,175	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	755	0.8	685	0.8
Métis	530	0.6	445	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	40	0.0	40	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0.0	20	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	0.1	45	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	94,285	98.5	84,790	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	95,695	100.0	86,030	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	250	0.3	210	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,445	99.7	85,820	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
Owner	25,725	60.0	22,330	57.1
Renter	17,185	40.0	16,765	42.9
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
Condominium	4,350	10.1	4,310	11.0
Not condominium	38,560	89.9	34,780	89.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
No bedrooms	175	0.4	165	0.4
1 bedroom	5,305	12.4	5,140	13.1
2 bedrooms	13,650	31.8	12,745	32.6
3 bedrooms	14,425	33.6	12,825	32.8
4 or more bedrooms	9,360	21.8	8,225	21.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	14,345	33.4	13,795	35.3
5 rooms	7,520	17.5	6,870	17.6
6 rooms	4,465	10.4	3,900	10.0
7 rooms	4,635	10.8	4,085	10.5
8 or more rooms	11,950	27.8	10,445	26.7
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
One person or fewer per room	42,735	99.6	38,930	99.6
More than one person per room	180	0.4	165	0.4
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
Suitable	41,975	97.8	38,230	97.8
Not suitable	935	2.2	870	2.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
1960 or before	7,805	18.2	7,235	18.5
1961 to 1980	11,955	27.9	10,500	26.9
1981 to 1990	6,630	15.5	5,845	15.0
1991 to 2000	5,410	12.6	5,000	12.8
2001 to 2005	3,225	7.5	2,990	7.6
2006 to 2010	3,110	7.2	2,970	7.6
2011 to 2015	2,120	4.9	2,040	5.2
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,660	6.2	2,525	6.5
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,470	94.3	36,895	94.4
Major repairs needed	2,440	5.7	2,195	5.6
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
One-maintainer household	23,190	54.0	21,530	55.1
Two-maintainer household	18,835	43.9	16,775	42.9
Three-or-more-maintainer household	885	2.1	790	2.0
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,910	100.0	39,090	100.0
15 to 24 years	1,025	2.4	985	2.5
25 to 34 years	5,925	13.8	5,500	14.1
35 to 44 years	7,445	17.4	6,745	17.3
45 to 54 years	7,005	16.3	6,315	16.2
55 to 64 years	8,750	20.4	7,825	20.0
65 to 74 years	7,510	17.5	6,835	17.5
75 to 84 years	4,120	9.6	3,820	9.8
85 years and over	1,125	2.6	1,070	2.7
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,780	100.0	39,010	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,305	84.9	32,850	84.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,475	15.1	6,165	15.8
30% to less than 100%	6,120	14.3	5,830	14.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,910	100.0	39,095	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,275	21.6	8,680	22.2
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,020	14.0	5,725	14.6
Not suitable only	755	1.8	695	1.8
Major repairs needed only	1,930	4.5	1,705	4.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	0.1	60	0.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	395	0.9	380	1.0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	0.3	110	0.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	33,635	78.4	30,415	77.8
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,420	100.0	38,680	100.0
In core need	3,350	7.9	3,275	8.5
Not in core need	39,075	92.1	35,410	91.5
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,675	...	22,325	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.7	67.7	67.8	67.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	8.4	8.5	8.5
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	1,180	1,190	1,190
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,227	1,227	1,234	1,234
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	348,000	348,000	348,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	377,600	377,600	377,200	377,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,190	...	16,765	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	6.5	6.6	6.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.3	25.3	25.5	25.5
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	17.2	17.4	17.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	785	785	785
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	850	850	850
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	95,695	100.0	86,025	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,605	1.7	1,475	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,590	1.7	1,460	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,415	1.5	1,310	1.5
Métis single ancestry	165	0.2	140	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0.0	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0.0	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,800	2.9	2,565	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,750	2.9	2,515	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,480	2.6	2,270	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	0.3	210	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0.0	30	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	0.1	55	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	0.1	55	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	91,295	95.4	81,990	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	95,695	100.0	86,025	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,025	98.3	84,455	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,300	20.2	17,310	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,725	78.1	67,150	78.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,670	1.7	1,570	1.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	95,695	100.0	86,025	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,080	95.2	81,740	95.0
Immigrants⁸¹	4,205	4.4	3,895	4.5
Before 1980	790	0.8	710	0.8
1980 to 1990	410	0.4	365	0.4
1991 to 2000	500	0.5	460	0.5
2001 to 2010	980	1.0	930	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,525	1.6	1,435	1.7
2011 to 2015	730	0.8	670	0.8
2016 to 2021	800	0.8	765	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	415	0.4	390	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,205	100.0	3,900	100.0
Under 5 years	490	11.7	450	11.5
5 to 14 years	915	21.8	850	21.8
15 to 24 years	850	20.2	790	20.3
25 to 44 years	1,740	41.4	1,625	41.7
45 years and over	205	4.9	180	4.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,205	100.0	3,900	100.0
Americas	855	20.3	795	20.4
Brazil	75	1.8	70	1.8
Colombia	150	3.6	145	3.7
El Salvador	20	0.5	20	0.5
Guyana	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	105	2.5	100	2.6
Jamaica	15	0.4	15	0.4
Mexico	75	1.8	70	1.8
Peru	35	0.8	30	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0.2	10	0.3
United States of America	110	2.6	90	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	260	6.2	240	6.2
Europe	1,485	35.3	1,365	35.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatia	10	0.2	10	0.3
France	730	17.4	685	17.6
Germany	80	1.9	70	1.8
Greece	10	0.2	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	105	2.5	100	2.6
Netherlands	10	0.2	0	0.0
Poland	25	0.6	25	0.6
Portugal	125	3.0	115	2.9
Romania	40	1.0	40	1.0
Russian Federation	30	0.7	30	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0.6	25	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0.5	15	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	265	6.3	235	6.0
Africa	1,095	26.0	1,060	27.2
Algeria	255	6.1	235	6.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0.6	25	0.6
Egypt	10	0.2	10	0.3
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	215	5.1	210	5.4
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	580	13.8	565	14.5
Asia	760	18.1	670	17.2
Afghanistan	175	4.2	140	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	45	1.1	40	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	1.5	65	1.7
Turkey	40	1.0	40	1.0
China⁹⁰	75	1.8	45	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0.6	20	0.5
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	30	0.7	30	0.8
Viet Nam	60	1.4	50	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	35	0.8	35	0.9
Pakistan	30	0.7	25	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	3.3	135	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	800	100.0	760	100.0
Americas	140	17.5	130	17.1
Brazil	20	2.5	20	2.6
Colombia	25	3.1	25	3.3
Haiti	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	25	3.1	20	2.6
United States of America	20	2.5	20	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	4.4	30	3.9
Europe	210	26.3	200	26.3
France	160	20.0	155	20.4
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	15	1.9	15	2.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	4.4	30	3.9
Africa	185	23.1	175	23.0
Algeria	30	3.8	20	2.6
Burundi	10	1.3	10	1.3
Cameroon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	50	6.3	50	6.6
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	55	6.9	55	7.2
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tunisia	10	1.3	10	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	20	2.5	20	2.6
Asia	260	32.5	260	34.2
Afghanistan	80	10.0	80	10.5
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	1.9	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	20	2.5	20	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	10	1.3	10	1.3
Philippines	15	1.9	15	2.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	5.6	45	5.9
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	2.5	20	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	95,695	100.0	86,030	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,095	5.3	4,740	5.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,925	5.1	4,490	5.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,675	89.5	76,795	89.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,415	100.0	3,190	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,625	47.6	1,540	48.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	690	20.2	650	20.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	935	27.4	890	27.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,090	31.9	995	31.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	645	18.9	605	19.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	1.5	50	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,415	100.0	3,190	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	5.0	170	5.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	365	10.7	325	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	2.8	95	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	4.1	130	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	1.2	35	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,600	76.1	2,430	76.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	95,695	100.0	86,030	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,935	4.1	3,685	4.3
South Asian	145	0.2	130	0.2
Chinese	245	0.3	200	0.2
Black	1,300	1.4	1,275	1.5
Filipino	65	0.1	65	0.1
Arab	695	0.7	665	0.8
Latin American	760	0.8	725	0.8
Southeast Asian	325	0.3	265	0.3
West Asian	230	0.2	195	0.2
Korean	50	0.1	40	0.0
Japanese	20	0.0	20	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0.0	25	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	85	0.1	85	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,760	95.9	82,340	95.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	95,695	100.0	86,025	100.0
Canadian	37,430	39.1	33,850	39.3
English	1,525	1.6	1,355	1.6
Irish	5,165	5.4	4,545	5.3
Scottish	1,715	1.8	1,495	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,115	23.1	19,660	22.9
German	1,250	1.3	1,150	1.3
Chinese	275	0.3	240	0.3
Italian	2,115	2.2	1,895	2.2
Indian (India)	185	0.2	170	0.2
Ukrainian	265	0.3	250	0.3
Dutch	275	0.3	210	0.2
Polish	445	0.5	405	0.5
Québécois	14,165	14.8	12,770	14.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	215	0.2	200	0.2
Filipino	90	0.1	90	0.1
French Canadian	8,260	8.6	7,340	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,360	2.5	2,120	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,055	2.1	1,945	2.3
Métis	475	0.5	420	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,100	1.1	915	1.1
Russian	285	0.3	270	0.3
Norwegian	40	0.0	40	0.0
Welsh	60	0.1	40	0.0
Portuguese	510	0.5	460	0.5
American	585	0.6	560	0.7
Spanish	500	0.5	485	0.6
Swedish	15	0.0	15	0.0
Hungarian	150	0.2	130	0.2
Acadian	1,015	1.1	920	1.1
Pakistani	15	0.0	15	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	305	0.3	300	0.3
Jewish	45	0.0	45	0.1
Punjabi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	0.2	120	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	305	0.3	290	0.3
Greek	140	0.1	80	0.1
Jamaican	40	0.0	40	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	0.0	35	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	0.1	60	0.1
Korean	50	0.1	45	0.1
Romanian	90	0.1	70	0.1
Lebanese	185	0.2	180	0.2
Iranian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,135	1.2	970	1.1
Danish	60	0.1	50	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	570	0.6	515	0.6
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austrian	45	0.0	30	0.0
Belgian	915	1.0	815	0.9
Haitian	375	0.4	375	0.4
Hindu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexican	190	0.2	180	0.2
Mennonite	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss	260	0.3	220	0.3
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Japanese	55	0.1	35	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	230	0.2	185	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0.0	15	0.0
Muslim	70	0.1	70	0.1
Egyptian	60	0.1	55	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	130	0.1	120	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombian	180	0.2	170	0.2
Moroccan	305	0.3	305	0.4
Czech	10	0.0	0	0.0
Syrian	65	0.1	65	0.1
Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afghan	185	0.2	165	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	0.1	45	0.1
Serbian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	0.0	20	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ontarian	75	0.1	50	0.1
Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0.0	15	0.0
Turkish	80	0.1	80	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0.0	35	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algerian	215	0.2	210	0.2
Brazilian	105	0.1	100	0.1
Nigerian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	70	0.1	55	0.1
Slovak	10	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	0.0	25	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0.0	15	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	0.0	45	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	0.0	20	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0.0	20	0.0
Algonquin	205	0.2	180	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	0.0	0	0.0
South African	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Palestinian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Chilean	140	0.1	130	0.2
Congolese	35	0.0	35	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0.0	30	0.0
Peruvian	70	0.1	70	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	0.1	75	0.1
Berber	75	0.1	75	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0.0	0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	0.1	70	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	0.1	40	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israeli	20	0.0	20	0.0
Mohawk	35	0.0	35	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	0.1	40	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0.0	0	0.0
African American	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	0.0	30	0.0
Tunisian	110	0.1	110	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cuban	75	0.1	60	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0.0	25	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	0.3	245	0.3
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	0.1	95	0.1
Guatemalan	70	0.1	70	0.1
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Laotian	45	0.0	45	0.1
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0.0	20	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0.0	20	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Argentinian	35	0.0	35	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	0.1	90	0.1
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	15	0.0	15	0.0
Dominican	80	0.1	80	0.1
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	50	0.1	50	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Abenaki	255	0.3	225	0.3
Moldovan	90	0.1	90	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	0.2	180	0.2
New Zealander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Breton	305	0.3	280	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	0.0	45	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	140	0.1	105	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gaspesian	235	0.2	175	0.2
Norman	110	0.1	95	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ivorian	140	0.1	140	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burundian	70	0.1	70	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mauritian	75	0.1	70	0.1
Kenyan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mayan	20	0.0	20	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Flemish	10	0.0	10	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Senegalese	25	0.0	25	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azorean	30	0.0	30	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0.0	15	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central African	45	0.0	45	0.1
Libyan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Basque	50	0.1	50	0.1
Uruguayan	25	0.0	25	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0.0	25	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guinean	10	0.0	10	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0.0	0	0.0
Beninese	10	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy	20	0.0	20	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	95,700	100.0	86,030	100.0
Buddhist	170	0.2	150	0.2
Christian	65,910	68.9	59,060	68.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,110	4.3	3,640	4.2
Anabaptist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anglican	160	0.2	115	0.1
Baptist	370	0.4	350	0.4
Catholic	59,650	62.3	53,555	62.3
Christian Orthodox	310	0.3	250	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	400	0.4	350	0.4
Latter Day Saints	85	0.1	85	0.1
Lutheran	20	0.0	20	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	165	0.2	130	0.2
Presbyterian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Church	60	0.1	55	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	560	0.6	490	0.6
Hindu	45	0.0	35	0.0
Jewish	30	0.0	30	0.0
Muslim	1,315	1.4	1,245	1.4
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0.0	10	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	0.2	170	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	28,020	29.3	25,330	29.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	94,720	100.0	85,160	100.0
Non-movers	83,725	88.4	74,985	88.1
Movers	10,990	11.6	10,170	11.9
Non-migrants	6,245	6.6	5,855	6.9
Migrants	4,745	5.0	4,315	5.1
Internal migrants	4,610	4.9	4,190	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,455	4.7	4,040	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	150	0.2	145	0.2
External migrants	140	0.1	125	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,650	100.0	81,500	100.0
Non-movers	53,180	58.7	46,985	57.7
Movers	37,465	41.3	34,515	42.3
Non-migrants	19,385	21.4	18,210	22.3
Migrants	18,080	19.9	16,305	20.0
Internal migrants	17,160	18.9	15,425	18.9
Intraprovincial migrants	16,445	18.1	14,755	18.1
Interprovincial migrants	715	0.8	670	0.8
External migrants	920	1.0	880	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,080	100.0	71,070	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,865	22.6	16,270	22.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,210	77.4	54,800	77.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,495	100.0	45,170	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,065	16.0	7,295	16.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,430	84.0	37,875	83.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,075	100.0	71,070	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,780	20.0	14,375	20.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,210	24.3	17,175	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,090	55.8	39,520	55.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,825	40.2	28,365	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,835	18.8	13,085	18.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,615	13.4	9,450	13.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,220	5.3	3,635	5.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,445	18.3	12,945	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,545	3.2	2,340	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,265	15.5	11,150	15.7
Bachelor's degree	8,840	11.2	8,040	11.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,070	1.4	985	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	0.3	245	0.3
Master's degree	1,840	2.3	1,675	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	0.3	205	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,495	100.0	45,175	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,555	13.0	5,935	13.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,390	20.6	9,235	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,550	66.4	30,000	66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,820	47.2	21,200	46.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,560	22.9	10,170	22.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,245	16.3	7,350	16.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,315	6.6	2,820	6.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,580	21.0	9,475	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,680	3.3	1,555	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,725	19.3	8,795	19.5
Bachelor's degree	7,095	14.1	6,435	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	805	1.6	725	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	0.4	170	0.4
Master's degree	1,440	2.9	1,310	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	0.4	155	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,075	100.0	71,070	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,990	44.2	31,550	44.4
Education	3,555	4.5	3,230	4.5
13. Education	3,555	4.5	3,230	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,505	1.9	1,340	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	0.3	210	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,260	1.6	1,130	1.6
Humanities	2,150	2.7	1,945	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	0.2	180	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0.0	20	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,300	1.6	1,165	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0	10	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	0.1	70	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	0.1	105	0.1
54. History	115	0.1	105	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	0.4	285	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,435	4.3	3,180	4.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0.0	35	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	0.5	380	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	1.3	940	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	535	0.7	500	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	0.1	75	0.1
42. Psychology	580	0.7	535	0.8
45. Social sciences	770	1.0	715	1.0
Business, management and public administration	9,800	12.4	8,930	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	0.8	580	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,125	11.5	8,345	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,175	1.5	1,070	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	0.5	375	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	0.2	170	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	265	0.3	245	0.3
40. Physical sciences	225	0.3	200	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	0.1	90	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,360	1.7	1,225	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	1.5	1,105	1.6
25. Library science	70	0.1	55	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	0.1	60	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,400	13.2	9,000	12.7
04. Architecture and related services	260	0.3	215	0.3
14. Engineering	1,115	1.4	1,005	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,210	2.8	2,000	2.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	3.4	2,310	3.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,295	2.9	1,910	2.7
48. Precision production	1,840	2.3	1,555	2.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	0.8	585	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	555	0.7	475	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	0.1	110	0.2
Health and related fields	5,880	7.4	5,320	7.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	0.4	280	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,470	6.9	4,955	7.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	0.1	75	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,140	5.2	3,690	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,140	2.7	1,910	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0.0	10	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	0.1	45	0.1
43. Security and protective services	980	1.2	890	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	970	1.2	835	1.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0.0	10	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,495	100.0	45,170	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,950	33.6	15,175	33.6
Education	2,350	4.7	2,125	4.7
13. Education	2,350	4.7	2,125	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,210	2.4	1,055	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	0.4	155	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,015	2.0	900	2.0
Humanities	1,320	2.6	1,210	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	0.3	130	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0.0	15	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	785	1.6	720	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0	10	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	0.1	30	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	0.1	55	0.1
54. History	80	0.2	75	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	0.4	170	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,830	5.6	2,635	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.0	10	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	0.7	335	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	880	1.7	815	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	400	0.8	385	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	0.1	65	0.1
42. Psychology	460	0.9	425	0.9
45. Social sciences	650	1.3	605	1.3
Business, management and public administration	7,585	15.0	6,920	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	535	1.1	475	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,040	13.9	6,440	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	730	1.4	665	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	0.7	295	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	0.2	115	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0.1	55	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	0.4	160	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0.1	40	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,175	2.3	1,050	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,075	2.1	970	2.1
25. Library science	60	0.1	45	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	0.1	30	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,045	15.9	6,930	15.3
04. Architecture and related services	215	0.4	190	0.4
14. Engineering	955	1.9	850	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,645	3.3	1,490	3.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,150	4.3	1,840	4.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,705	3.4	1,415	3.1
48. Precision production	1,380	2.7	1,140	2.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	1.0	435	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	0.8	350	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	0.2	85	0.2
Health and related fields	4,535	9.0	4,075	9.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	0.5	235	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,195	8.3	3,790	8.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	0.1	50	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	6.4	2,895	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,650	3.3	1,470	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0.0	10	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	0.1	30	0.1
43. Security and protective services	790	1.6	725	1.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	770	1.5	665	1.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0.0	10	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,495	100.0	45,170	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,950	33.6	15,175	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,545	66.4	29,995	66.4
Location of study inside Canada	32,200	63.8	28,750	63.6
Same as province or territory of residence	31,520	62.4	28,145	62.3
Different than province or territory of residence	680	1.3	605	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,350	2.7	1,245	2.8
Americas	365	0.7	355	0.8
United States of America	105	0.2	95	0.2
Mexico	40	0.1	35	0.1
Cuba	20	0.0	20	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Brazil	55	0.1	55	0.1
Colombia	80	0.2	80	0.2
Peru	10	0.0	10	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0.0	10	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	0.1	55	0.1
Europe	550	1.1	495	1.1
Belgium	15	0.0	0	0.0
France	335	0.7	305	0.7
Germany	25	0.0	25	0.1
Netherlands	0	0.0	0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0.0	15	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	0.1	50	0.1
Poland	10	0.0	10	0.0
Romania	10	0.0	10	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0.0	10	0.0
Ukraine	15	0.0	15	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0.0	20	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	30	0.1	30	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0.0	0	0.0
Africa	305	0.6	290	0.6
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algeria	85	0.2	75	0.2
Morocco	65	0.1	60	0.1
Tunisia	50	0.1	50	0.1
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	0.2	105	0.2
Asia	115	0.2	100	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	0.0	25	0.1
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0.1	20	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	20	0.0	20	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	10	0.0	10	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0.0	10	0.0
Oceania	10	0.0	10	0.0
Australia	10	0.0	10	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,075	...	71,070	...
In the labour force	51,225	...	45,895	...
Employed	48,270	...	43,195	...
Unemployed	2,955	...	2,695	...
Not in the labour force	27,850	...	25,175	...
Participation rate	64.8	64.8	64.6	64.6
Employment rate	61.0	61.0	60.8	60.8
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,075	100.0	71,070	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,485	34.8	24,955	35.1
Worked	51,590	65.2	46,115	64.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,325	35.8	25,320	35.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,270	29.4	20,800	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.5	42.5	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,225	100.0	45,895	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	1.5	710	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,460	98.5	45,185	98.5
Employee	45,050	87.9	40,555	88.4
Permanent position	39,220	76.6	35,360	77.0
Temporary position	5,835	11.4	5,190	11.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,965	3.8	1,780	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,865	7.5	3,410	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,405	10.6	4,630	10.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,225	100.0	45,895	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	1.5	710	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,460	98.5	45,185	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	780	1.5	680	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,600	16.8	7,710	16.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,505	6.8	3,140	6.8
3 Health occupations	4,250	8.3	3,830	8.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,525	12.7	5,940	12.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,230	2.4	1,095	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	12,320	24.1	11,220	24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,010	19.5	8,705	19.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	645	1.3	480	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,590	5.1	2,385	5.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,225	100.0	45,895	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	1.5	710	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	50,460	98.5	45,185	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	440	0.9	260	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	140	0.3	115	0.3
22 Utilities	330	0.6	300	0.7
23 Construction	4,565	8.9	3,865	8.4
31-33 Manufacturing	6,290	12.3	5,730	12.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,555	3.0	1,360	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,370	12.4	5,785	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,535	4.9	2,270	4.9
51 Information and cultural industries	880	1.7	800	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,905	3.7	1,735	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	720	1.4	640	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,125	6.1	2,825	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	0.1	35	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,860	3.6	1,680	3.7
61 Educational services	3,710	7.2	3,335	7.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,390	14.4	6,715	14.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	605	1.2	515	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,525	4.9	2,325	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,125	4.1	1,845	4.0
91 Public administration	3,335	6.5	3,050	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,370	100.0	48,675	100.0
English	915	1.7	825	1.7
French	41,735	76.8	37,335	76.7
Non-official language	55	0.1	50	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	0.1	50	0.1
English and French	11,340	20.9	10,180	20.9
English and non-official language(s)	25	0.0	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	0.2	95	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	0.3	170	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,370	100.0	48,675	100.0
Single responses	52,690	96.9	47,175	96.9
Official languages	52,620	96.8	47,115	96.8
English	2,525	4.6	2,280	4.7
French	50,095	92.1	44,835	92.1
Non-official languages	65	0.1	55	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	0.1	55	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	0.1	25	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0.0	10	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0.0	10	0.0
Dari	15	0.0	10	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0.0	20	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	20	0.0	20	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,685	3.1	1,505	3.1
English and French	1,630	3.0	1,445	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	0.1	40	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0	15	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,370	100.0	48,675	100.0
None	44,350	81.6	39,675	81.5
English	8,185	15.1	7,355	15.1
French	1,570	2.9	1,420	2.9
Non-official language	145	0.3	115	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	0.3	115	0.2
English and French	0	0.0	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	0.2	100	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,275	100.0	43,195	100.0
Worked at home	7,880	16.3	7,070	16.4
Worked outside Canada	70	0.1	70	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,540	11.5	4,835	11.2
Usual place of work	34,780	72.0	31,230	72.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,780	100.0	31,225	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,370	61.4	19,595	62.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	680	2.0	605	1.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,655	36.4	10,945	35.1
Commute to a different province or territory	75	0.2	75	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,315	100.0	36,060	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,985	91.7	32,955	91.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,015	86.9	31,160	86.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,970	4.9	1,795	5.0
Public transit	1,180	2.9	1,060	2.9
Walked	1,370	3.4	1,320	3.7
Bicycle	360	0.9	340	0.9
Other method	420	1.0	380	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,315	100.0	36,060	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,895	39.4	14,830	41.1
15 to 29 minutes	11,000	27.3	9,425	26.1
30 to 44 minutes	7,895	19.6	6,865	19.0
45 to 59 minutes	3,460	8.6	3,080	8.5
60 minutes and over	2,065	5.1	1,855	5.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,315	100.0	36,060	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,915	9.7	3,420	9.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,485	18.6	6,630	18.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,975	29.7	10,790	29.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,895	17.1	6,165	17.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,640	9.0	3,320	9.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,410	15.9	5,735	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,920	100.0	17,815	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,550	12.8	2,305	12.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,370	87.2	15,510	87.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,500	100.0	12,995	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,925	13.3	1,755	13.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,410	9.7	1,290	9.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	3.6	455	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,575	86.7	11,245	86.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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