Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Hudson Bay, Town (T)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove	SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,403	1,132,505
Population, 2016¹	1,436^r	1,098,352
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.3	3.1
Total private dwellings²	782	513,725
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	693	449,581
Population density per square kilometre	80.7	2.0
Land area in square kilometres	17.38	577,060.40
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,400	1,132,505
0 to 14 years	215	223,115
0 to 4 years	60	69,455
5 to 9 years	80	76,545
10 to 14 years	80	77,120
15 to 64 years	765	711,405
15 to 19 years	65	68,510
20 to 24 years	55	66,870
25 to 29 years	60	70,030
30 to 34 years	60	78,380
35 to 39 years	75	79,420
40 to 44 years	70	73,055
45 to 49 years	80	65,075
50 to 54 years	75	62,745
55 to 59 years	95	73,165
60 to 64 years	125	74,155
65 years and over	425	197,980
65 to 69 years	125	64,770
70 to 74 years	110	48,945
75 to 79 years	70	33,045
80 to 84 years	50	23,460
85 years and over	70	27,765
85 to 89 years	50	16,165
90 to 94 years	20	8,715
95 to 99 years	5	2,435
100 years and over	5	450
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	19.7
15 to 64 years	54.6	62.8
65 years and over	30.4	17.5
85 years and over	5.0	2.5
Average age of the population	47.7	39.8
Median age of the population	51.2	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	695	449,580
Single-detached house	565	322,070
Semi-detached house	15	13,680
Row house	5	19,860
Apartment or flat in a duplex	35	11,240
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15	61,855
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	11,040
Other single-attached house	0	755
Movable dwelling⁴	40	9,090
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	695	449,580
1 person	300	130,110
2 persons	255	158,555
3 persons	50	60,185
4 persons	50	57,860
5 or more persons	40	42,875
Number of persons in private households	1,380	1,103,205
Average household size	2.0	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,190	909,390
Married or living common-law	660	526,835
Married	545	440,040
Living common-law	115	86,795
Living common law - Never married	80	65,395
Living common law - Separated	5	3,075
Living common law - Divorced	25	16,305
Living common law - Widowed	10	2,025
Not married and not living common-law	530	382,560
Not married and not living common law - Never married	265	258,905
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	20,685
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	75	50,635
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	140	52,330
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	385	308,690
2 persons	250	160,870
3 persons	50	58,650
4 persons	50	55,775
5 or more persons	35	33,390
Average size of census families	2.7	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	385	308,690
Total couple families	325	255,910
Married couples	265	212,520
With children⁶	95	106,385
Without children	170	106,135
Common-law couples	60	43,395
With children⁶	20	18,190
Without children	40	25,205
Total one-parent families	60	52,775
in which the parent is a woman+	50	39,825
in which the parent is a man+	10	12,955
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,380	1,103,205
Total - Persons in census families	1,040	903,775
Married spouses or common-law partners	645	511,820
Parents in one-parent families	60	52,780
Children⁶	330	339,175
In a two-parent family	245	248,725
In a one-parent family	85	90,455
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	345	199,425
Living alone	295	130,105
Living with other relatives⁷	15	28,150
Living with non-relatives only	25	41,165
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	690	449,585
One-census-family households without additional persons	365	275,515
Couple-family households	315	236,790
With children⁶	110	113,990
Without children	205	122,800
One-parent-family households	50	38,720
Multigenerational households⁸	5	9,815
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	1,960
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	13,265
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	18,915
One-person households	295	130,105
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,165	882,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,130	844,920
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,130	845,455
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,005	757,325
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	745	622,670
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,045	751,755
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	84,485
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	205	214,100
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,155	882,760
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,110	845,425
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	53,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,110	845,965
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,300	44,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,015	757,585
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,300	48,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	695	622,690
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,500	47,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,040	751,480
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,880	10,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125	83,595
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,330
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	213,970
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,900	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,150	882,760
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	295	301,310
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,500	70,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	340	237,965
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	29,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.0	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.6	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.0	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,165	882,780
Without total income	40	37,860
With total income	1,130	844,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	71,550
$10,000 to $19,999	140	92,735
$20,000 to $29,999	220	126,965
$30,000 to $39,999	150	105,405
$40,000 to $49,999	140	96,850
$50,000 to $59,999	110	80,190
$60,000 to $69,999	60	63,160
$70,000 to $79,999	45	49,340
$80,000 to $89,999	45	38,610
$90,000 to $99,999	45	30,895
$100,000 and over	115	89,220
$100,000 to $149,999	100	62,465
$150,000 and over	20	26,750
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,165	882,780
Without after-tax income	35	37,330
With after-tax income	1,135	845,450
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	74,770
$10,000 to $19,999	165	96,975
$20,000 to $29,999	240	143,230
$30,000 to $39,999	180	125,245
$40,000 to $49,999	150	113,220
$50,000 to $59,999	95	87,685
$60,000 to $69,999	70	63,720
$70,000 to $79,999	65	47,135
$80,000 to $89,999	40	29,945
$90,000 to $99,999	30	19,390
$100,000 and over	40	44,145
$100,000 to $124,999	30	24,420
$125,000 and over	15	19,725
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,165	882,780
Without employment income	415	260,105
With employment income	750	622,670
Under $5,000 (including loss)	125	90,620
$5,000 to $9,999	55	49,340
$10,000 to $19,999	100	72,905
$20,000 to $29,999	90	58,850
$30,000 to $39,999	65	56,210
$40,000 to $49,999	55	54,395
$50,000 to $59,999	45	47,765
$60,000 to $69,999	25	40,940
$70,000 to $79,999	35	33,380
$80,000 to $89,999	35	29,020
$90,000 to $99,999	30	23,480
$100,000 and over	90	65,770
$100,000 to $124,999	45	31,845
$125,000 and over	45	33,925
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,165	882,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,120	825,815
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,120	826,075
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	995	745,575
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	745	619,030
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,010	712,010
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	3,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	150	69,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	6,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,155	882,760
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,110	826,385
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	51,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,110	826,660
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,100	42,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,000	746,260
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	710	619,710
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,300	48,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,015	712,110
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,440	7,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110	68,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,150	882,760
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	290	299,100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	67,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	315	222,840
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	34,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.6	87.2
Employment income (%)	60.8	70.6
Government transfers (%)	22.3	12.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	695	449,580
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	82,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	73,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	295	130,105
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	42,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	38,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	395	319,475
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	103,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	90,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	695	449,580
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,800	99,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,800	84,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	300	129,935
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	53,300
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	44,680
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	390	319,645
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	118,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,400	100,100
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	695	449,580
Under $5,000	5	5,030
$5,000 to $9,999	0	2,640
$10,000 to $14,999	10	4,645
$15,000 to $19,999	15	8,295
$20,000 to $24,999	60	19,430
$25,000 to $29,999	35	15,705
$30,000 to $34,999	35	14,730
$35,000 to $39,999	30	17,200
$40,000 to $44,999	45	17,145
$45,000 to $49,999	35	17,225
$50,000 to $59,999	65	33,580
$60,000 to $69,999	50	32,145
$70,000 to $79,999	40	30,370
$80,000 to $89,999	35	28,270
$90,000 to $99,999	20	26,025
$100,000 and over	205	177,135
$100,000 to $124,999	65	53,545
$125,000 to $149,999	45	39,320
$150,000 to $199,999	65	47,170
$200,000 and over	30	37,100
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	695	449,580
Under $5,000	10	5,735
$5,000 to $9,999	0	2,730
$10,000 to $14,999	10	4,800
$15,000 to $19,999	15	8,635
$20,000 to $24,999	60	20,715
$25,000 to $29,999	45	17,735
$30,000 to $34,999	45	17,085
$35,000 to $39,999	40	20,380
$40,000 to $44,999	55	20,090
$45,000 to $49,999	40	19,875
$50,000 to $59,999	60	39,515
$60,000 to $69,999	60	37,680
$70,000 to $79,999	50	35,090
$80,000 to $89,999	35	31,875
$90,000 to $99,999	35	28,180
$100,000 and over	145	139,455
$100,000 to $124,999	65	54,690
$125,000 to $149,999	40	35,800
$150,000 and over	35	48,965
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	390	306,550
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	103,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	90,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	205	124,905
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	120	125,315
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	130,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	113,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	60	47,700
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	62,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	59,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	2.9
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	325	171,275
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	380	306,600
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,400	118,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,800	99,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	205	125,115
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	111,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	92,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	125	125,520
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	145,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	121,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	47,570
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	73,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	65,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	335	171,095
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	49,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	41,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,380	1,103,200
0 to 17 years	260	261,770
0 to 5 years	75	83,310
18 to 64 years	715	657,835
65 years and over	405	183,595
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	195	147,955
0 to 17 years	40	45,500
0 to 5 years	5	15,520
18 to 64 years	80	74,450
65 years and over	85	28,000
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	18.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	11.3
65 years and over (%)	21.2	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,380	1,047,470
0 to 17 years	260	239,370
0 to 5 years	70	76,215
18 to 64 years	720	628,090
65 years and over	400	180,015
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	42,310
0 to 17 years	5	10,250
0 to 5 years	0	3,285
18 to 64 years	30	29,210
65 years and over	5	2,850
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	x	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.0	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,380	1,103,200
In bottom half of the distribution	820	580,685
In bottom decile	160	129,985
In second decile	195	119,140
In third decile	175	112,825
In fourth decile	170	110,110
In fifth decile	120	108,615
In top half of the distribution	560	522,520
In sixth decile	120	107,950
In seventh decile	120	108,365
In eighth decile	120	108,465
In ninth decile	135	106,220
In top decile	65	91,515
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,380	1,103,200
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	0.332
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	0.447
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	0.293
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,380	1,116,045
English only	1,360	1,055,000
French only	0	450
English and French	20	51,970
Neither English nor French	5	8,625
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,380	1,116,045
English	1,370	1,094,690
French	10	11,335
English and French	0	1,815
Neither English nor French	5	8,200
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,380	1,116,045
Single responses	1,360	1,082,470
Official languages	1,280	924,330
English	1,275	911,765
French	10	12,565
Non-official languages	80	158,135
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	20,785
Algonquian languages	5	14,490
Blackfoot	0	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	13,810
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	13,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	45
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	440
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	3,005
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	1,255
Cree, n.o.s.	0	9,060
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	670
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	5
Ojibway languages	5	665
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	590
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	60
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5,790
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5,780
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	5,780
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	5
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	5
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	260
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	200
Assiniboine	0	60
Dakota	0	120
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	80	137,355
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	7,795
Berber languages	0	5
Kabyle	0	5
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	50
Hausa	0	50
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	1,010
Bilen	0	110
Oromo	0	115
Somali	0	690
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Semitic languages	0	6,730
Amharic	0	370
Arabic	0	4,610
Aramaic languages	0	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	345
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	275
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	50
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	50
Maltese	0	5
Tigrigna	0	1,010
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	3,590
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	125
Vietnamese	0	3,455
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	27,210
Bikol	0	120
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	580
Cebuano	0	1,365
Fijian	0	30
Hiligaynon	0	365
Ilocano	0	1,085
Indonesian	0	90
Kankanaey	0	100
Kinaray-a	0	30
Malagasy languages	0	5
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	5
Malay	0	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	290
Pangasinan	0	60
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	22,680
Waray-Waray	0	105
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	295
Creole languages	0	225
Haitian Creole	0	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	15
Krio	0	5
Morisyen	0	90
Sango	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Dravidian languages	0	2,645
Kannada	0	95
Malayalam	0	1,660
Tamil	0	440
Telugu	0	430
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Georgian	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	73,910
Albanian	0	325
Armenian	0	115
Balto-Slavic languages	35	13,790
Baltic languages	0	145
Latvian	0	80
Lithuanian	0	60
Slavic languages	35	13,640
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	70
Czech	0	170
Macedonian	0	50
Polish	0	1,335
Russian	5	2,565
Rusyn	0	215
Serbo-Croatian	0	1,080
Bosnian	0	245
Croatian	0	360
Serbian	0	445
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	25
Slovak	0	65
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	55
Ukrainian	25	8,030
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Celtic languages	0	60
Irish	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	20
Welsh	0	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Germanic languages	10	21,360
Frisian	0	15
High German languages	5	16,020
German	5	15,875
Pennsylvania German	0	5
Swiss German	0	115
Yiddish	0	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	4,795
Afrikaans	5	1,360
Dutch	0	1,020
Low German, n.o.s.	0	540
Low Saxon	0	60
Plautdietsch	0	1,765
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	55
Scandinavian languages	0	515
Danish	0	205
Icelandic	0	30
Norwegian	0	195
Swedish	0	90
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Greek	0	805
Indo-Iranian languages	0	30,330
Indo-Aryan languages	0	27,930
Assamese	0	10
Bengali	0	3,680
Gujarati	0	5,175
Hindi	0	2,395
Kacchi	0	10
Kashmiri	0	20
Konkani	0	30
Marathi	0	175
Nepali	0	745
Oriya languages	0	45
Odia	0	35
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	8,555
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	140
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	285
Urdu	0	6,510
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Iranian languages	0	2,390
Baluchi	0	70
Kurdish	0	170
Parsi	0	5
Pashto	0	480
Persian languages	0	1,660
Dari	0	390
Iranian Persian	0	1,105
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	165
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	5	7,130
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	595
Portuguese	0	875
Romanian	0	735
Spanish	0	4,915
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Japanese	0	250
Korean	5	1,690
Mongolian	0	45
Niger-Congo languages	5	2,890
Akan (Twi)	0	220
Bamanankan	0	5
Edo	0	25
Éwé	0	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	10
Ga	0	20
Ganda	0	45
Gikuyu	0	10
Igbo	0	305
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	150
Lingala	0	40
Luba-Kasai	0	10
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	25
Ndebele	0	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	190
Shona	0	105
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	25
Swahili	0	445
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	10
Yoruba	0	835
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	345
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	470
Dinka	0	150
Nuer	0	55
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	230
African, n.o.s.	0	40
Sign languages	0	165
American Sign Language	0	125
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	14,515
Chinese languages	5	13,470
Hakka	0	25
Mandarin	5	9,150
Min Dong	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	155
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	70
Yue (Cantonese)	0	3,765
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	285
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	1,015
Burmese	0	135
Kuki-Chin languages	0	35
Karenic languages	0	785
S'gaw Karen	0	675
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Tibetan	0	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	420
Lao	0	270
Thai	0	145
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Turkic languages	0	400
Azerbaijani	0	50
Kazakh	0	5
Turkish	0	295
Uyghur	0	10
Uzbek	0	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Uralic languages	0	1,085
Estonian	0	20
Finnish	0	150
Hungarian	0	910
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Multiple responses	20	33,575
English and French	0	3,525
English and non-official language(s)	20	27,035
French and non-official language(s)	0	350
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	415
Multiple non-official languages	0	2,250
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,380	1,116,045
English	1,335	938,715
French	0	2,095
Non-official language	15	41,955
Indigenous³⁹	0	4,235
Non-Indigenous	15	37,720
English and French	0	7,920
English and non-official language(s)	25	118,480
French and non-official language(s)	0	280
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	2,595
Multiple non-official languages	0	4,005
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,380	1,116,045
Single responses	1,375	1,084,685
Official languages	1,340	993,865
English	1,345	990,645
French	0	3,215
Non-official languages	30	90,820
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	9,060
Algonquian languages	0	4,890
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	4,780
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	4,780
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	195
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	865
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	455
Cree, n.o.s.	0	3,250
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	110
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	110
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	95
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	4,030
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	4,025
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	4,025
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	100
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	30
Assiniboine	0	10
Dakota	0	15
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	81,760
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	5,140
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	10
Hausa	0	10
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	680
Bilen	0	85
Oromo	0	85
Somali	0	435
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Semitic languages	0	4,445
Amharic	0	195
Arabic	0	3,055
Aramaic languages	0	455
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	200
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	30
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	20
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	0	710
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	2,735
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	40
Vietnamese	0	2,700
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	16,905
Bikol	0	60
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	315
Cebuano	0	740
Fijian	0	15
Hiligaynon	0	205
Ilocano	0	490
Indonesian	0	20
Kankanaey	0	40
Kinaray-a	0	30
Malagasy languages	0	10
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	10
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	155
Pangasinan	0	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	14,610
Waray-Waray	0	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	150
Creole languages	0	105
Haitian Creole	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	10
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	50
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Dravidian languages	0	1,765
Kannada	0	40
Malayalam	0	1,175
Tamil	0	275
Telugu	0	260
Tulu	0	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	40,455
Albanian	0	140
Armenian	0	55
Balto-Slavic languages	15	4,420
Baltic languages	0	75
Latvian	0	40
Lithuanian	0	35
Slavic languages	15	4,345
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	0	40
Czech	0	20
Macedonian	0	30
Polish	0	330
Russian	5	1,575
Rusyn	0	150
Serbo-Croatian	0	465
Bosnian	0	85
Croatian	0	120
Serbian	0	255
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	10
Slovak	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5
Ukrainian	10	1,700
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	10
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5
Welsh	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	9,335
Frisian	0	5
High German languages	0	7,845
German	0	7,820
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	25
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	1,455
Afrikaans	0	875
Dutch	0	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0	190
Low Saxon	0	15
Plautdietsch	0	260
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	25
Danish	0	5
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	10
Swedish	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	370
Indo-Iranian languages	0	22,590
Indo-Aryan languages	0	20,940
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	0	2,700
Gujarati	0	3,975
Hindi	0	1,670
Kacchi	0	10
Kashmiri	0	5
Konkani	0	5
Marathi	0	95
Nepali	0	540
Oriya languages	0	10
Odia	0	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	6,955
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	90
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	150
Urdu	0	4,645
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Iranian languages	0	1,640
Baluchi	0	45
Kurdish	0	100
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	0	315
Persian languages	0	1,160
Dari	0	215
Iranian Persian	0	835
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	110
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	0	3,545
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	125
Portuguese	0	415
Romanian	0	310
Spanish	0	2,685
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	90
Korean	5	1,250
Mongolian	0	20
Niger-Congo languages	0	1,130
Akan (Twi)	0	75
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	5
Éwé	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	10
Ga	0	10
Ganda	0	30
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	95
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	70
Lingala	0	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	10
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	115
Shona	0	35
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	10
Swahili	0	240
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	10
Yoruba	0	300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	225
Dinka	0	85
Nuer	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	115
African, n.o.s.	0	15
Sign languages	0	355
American Sign Language	0	250
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	11,010
Chinese languages	0	10,220
Hakka	0	10
Mandarin	0	7,415
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	50
Yue (Cantonese)	0	2,490
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	200
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	780
Burmese	0	95
Kuki-Chin languages	0	25
Karenic languages	0	615
S'gaw Karen	0	530
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	80
Tibetan	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	160
Lao	0	125
Thai	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Turkic languages	0	220
Azerbaijani	0	25
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	0	180
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	175
Estonian	0	10
Finnish	0	15
Hungarian	0	155
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Multiple responses	5	31,360
English and French	0	1,325
English and non-official language(s)	5	29,060
French and non-official language(s)	0	130
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	250
Multiple non-official languages	0	590
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,380	1,116,045
None	1,355	1,008,760
English	10	39,070
French	0	6,395
Non-official language	10	48,520
Indigenous³⁹	0	10,735
Non-Indigenous	10	37,785
English and French	0	345
English and non-official language(s)	0	6,935
French and non-official language(s)	0	1,155
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	65
Multiple non-official languages	5	4,795
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,380	1,103,200
Official languages	1,380	1,095,170
English	1,380	1,094,790
French	20	52,065
Non-official languages	110	209,395
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	35,075
Algonquian languages	0	25,960
Blackfoot	0	10
Cree-Innu languages	0	24,850
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	24,850
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	20
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	145
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	855
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	6,450
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	2,365
Cree, n.o.s.	0	15,355
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	1,330
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	50
Ojibway languages	0	1,275
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	30
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	1,120
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	145
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	8,085
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	8,080
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	8,080
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	60
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	10
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	855
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	725
Assiniboine	0	185
Dakota	0	395
Stoney	0	25
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	140
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	35
Non-Indigenous languages	110	174,635
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	11,165
Berber languages	0	10
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	265
Hausa	0	245
Mina	0	25
Coptic	0	15
Cushitic languages	0	1,415
Bilen	0	165
Oromo	0	180
Somali	0	900
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Semitic languages	0	9,850
Amharic	0	855
Arabic	0	7,265
Aramaic languages	0	1,200
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	605
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	540
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	130
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	0	470
Maltese	0	15
Tigrigna	0	1,365
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	160
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	4,625
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	170
Vietnamese	0	4,440
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	20
Austronesian languages	20	37,460
Bikol	0	305
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	915
Cebuano	0	2,180
Fijian	0	90
Hiligaynon	0	605
Ilocano	0	2,500
Indonesian	0	215
Kankanaey	0	205
Kinaray-a	0	45
Malagasy languages	0	30
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	30
Malay	0	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	485
Pangasinan	0	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	36,125
Waray-Waray	0	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,155
Creole languages	0	950
Haitian Creole	0	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	130
Krio	0	25
Morisyen	0	385
Sango	0	45
Creole, n.o.s.	0	205
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	150
Dravidian languages	0	4,190
Kannada	0	225
Malayalam	0	2,515
Tamil	0	1,120
Telugu	0	845
Tulu	0	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	89,555
Albanian	0	380
Armenian	0	90
Balto-Slavic languages	55	17,185
Baltic languages	0	195
Latvian	0	90
Lithuanian	0	95
Slavic languages	55	17,095
Belarusian	0	10
Bulgarian	0	100
Czech	0	190
Macedonian	0	90
Polish	15	1,745
Russian	0	5,305
Rusyn	0	280
Serbo-Croatian	0	1,705
Bosnian	0	400
Croatian	0	745
Serbian	0	965
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	65
Slovak	0	135
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	135
Ukrainian	35	10,795
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Celtic languages	0	185
Irish	0	65
Scottish Gaelic	0	50
Welsh	0	50
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Germanic languages	15	18,455
Frisian	0	25
High German languages	0	11,940
German	0	11,815
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	145
Yiddish	0	50
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	6,140
Afrikaans	0	2,175
Dutch	0	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	0	590
Low Saxon	0	60
Plautdietsch	0	2,015
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	90
Scandinavian languages	0	955
Danish	0	255
Icelandic	0	25
Norwegian	0	485
Swedish	0	235
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Greek	0	1,430
Indo-Iranian languages	0	39,895
Indo-Aryan languages	0	37,480
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	0	4,490
Gujarati	0	6,965
Hindi	0	15,740
Kacchi	0	50
Kashmiri	0	55
Konkani	0	60
Marathi	0	520
Nepali	0	1,040
Oriya languages	0	60
Odia	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	13,310
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	250
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	405
Urdu	0	10,540
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	345
Iranian languages	0	3,025
Baluchi	0	170
Kurdish	0	225
Parsi	0	20
Pashto	0	745
Persian languages	0	2,045
Dari	0	610
Iranian Persian	0	1,340
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	120
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Italic (Romance) languages	10	14,285
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	1,400
Portuguese	0	1,320
Romanian	0	915
Spanish	0	11,185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	90
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Japanese	0	1,170
Korean	0	1,870
Mongolian	0	45
Niger-Congo languages	10	7,440
Akan (Twi)	0	515
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	90
Éwé	0	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	60
Ga	0	135
Ganda	0	100
Gikuyu	0	25
Igbo	0	1,200
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	320
Lingala	0	180
Luba-Kasai	0	40
Mòoré	0	25
Mwani	0	70
Ndebele	0	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	310
Shona	0	155
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	70
Swahili	0	1,165
Wojenaka	0	20
Wolof	0	40
Yoruba	0	2,865
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	990
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	615
Dinka	0	180
Nuer	0	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	375
African, n.o.s.	0	100
Sign languages	0	1,450
American Sign Language	0	1,135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	370
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	17,055
Chinese languages	0	15,625
Hakka	0	45
Mandarin	0	11,590
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	275
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	60
Yue (Cantonese)	0	5,120
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	360
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	1,370
Burmese	0	355
Kuki-Chin languages	0	30
Karenic languages	0	1,020
S'gaw Karen	0	890
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	125
Tibetan	0	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	100
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Tai-Kadai languages	0	590
Lao	0	360
Thai	0	290
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Turkic languages	0	700
Azerbaijani	0	85
Kazakh	0	50
Turkish	0	565
Uyghur	0	35
Uzbek	0	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Uralic languages	0	1,240
Estonian	0	10
Finnish	0	180
Hungarian	0	1,055
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	125
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,380	1,103,200
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	205	187,885
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	195	184,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	70	121,175
Métis	120	62,800
Inuk (Inuit)	0	460
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	2,030
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	1,425
Non-Indigenous identity	1,180	915,310
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,380	1,103,200
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	115,055
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,315	988,145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	695	449,585
Owner	540	317,655
Renter	150	118,590
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	13,335
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	695	449,585
Condominium	0	49,490
Not condominium	690	400,095
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	695	449,585
No bedrooms	0	1,945
1 bedroom	65	41,900
2 bedrooms	140	103,860
3 bedrooms	245	150,360
4 or more bedrooms	235	151,520
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	695	449,585
1 to 4 rooms	145	105,050
5 rooms	110	70,620
6 rooms	85	66,100
7 rooms	80	59,535
8 or more rooms	270	148,270
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	695	449,585
One person or fewer per room	685	438,000
More than one person per room	0	11,580
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	695	449,585
Suitable	695	426,835
Not suitable	0	22,745
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	695	449,585
1960 or before	160	95,405
1961 to 1980	330	147,720
1981 to 1990	90	61,990
1991 to 2000	70	35,005
2001 to 2005	20	18,130
2006 to 2010	15	27,525
2011 to 2015	15	37,840
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	25,970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	695	449,585
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	660	414,215
Major repairs needed	35	35,365
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	695	449,585
One-maintainer household	450	235,175
Two-maintainer household	230	198,995
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	15,415
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	695	449,585
15 to 24 years	15	17,560
25 to 34 years	45	68,760
35 to 44 years	80	82,625
45 to 54 years	80	72,290
55 to 64 years	150	85,955
65 to 74 years	180	69,235
75 to 84 years	85	37,545
85 years and over	55	15,605
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	685	414,315
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	625	342,875
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	60	71,445
30% to less than 100%	60	65,430
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	695	449,585
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	95	118,475
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	60	63,870
Not suitable only	0	16,865
Major repairs needed only	30	26,900
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	2,370
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	4,960
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	3,270
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	245
Acceptable housing	595	331,105
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	690	408,300
In core need	80	41,895
Not in core need	605	366,405
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	545	298,500
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.9	57.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.5	11.1
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	5.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	612	1,110
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	1,296
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	174,000	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	204,000	324,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	117,545
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	26.7	17.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	33.1
% in core housing need⁶³	23.3	22.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	1,030
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	1,095
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	13,335
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	5.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	226
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	280
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,380	1,103,200
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	95	122,375
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	95	118,965
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	45	101,725
Métis single ancestry	55	17,055
Inuit single ancestry	0	185
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	3,410
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	3,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	30
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	10
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	120	68,675
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	110	64,995
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	32,635
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	32,070
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	290
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	3,680
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	115
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	20
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,160	912,150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,380	1,103,200
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,350	1,021,630
Canadian citizens aged under 18	260	246,480
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,085	775,150
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	81,575
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,380	1,103,200
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,290	949,755
Immigrants⁸¹	90	137,620
Before 1980	20	12,780
1980 to 1990	0	5,945
1991 to 2000	10	8,390
2001 to 2010	0	29,370
2011 to 2021⁸²	60	81,135
2011 to 2015	50	38,020
2016 to 2021	0	43,120
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	15,830
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	90	137,620
Under 5 years	10	13,370
5 to 14 years	25	26,755
15 to 24 years	0	20,460
25 to 44 years	45	64,955
45 years and over	0	12,070
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	90	137,620
Americas	10	12,580
Brazil	0	380
Colombia	0	665
El Salvador	0	620
Guyana	0	165
Haiti	0	60
Jamaica	0	1,360
Mexico	0	1,720
Peru	0	160
Trinidad and Tobago	0	200
United States of America	10	5,215
Other places of birth in Americas	0	2,030
Europe	40	21,710
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	500
Croatia	0	415
France	0	310
Germany	0	2,100
Greece	0	500
Hungary	0	325
Italy	0	585
Netherlands	0	965
Poland	0	1,080
Portugal	0	200
Romania	0	660
Russian Federation	0	650
Serbia⁸⁶	0	530
Ukraine	0	3,165
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	6,785
Other places of birth in Europe	0	2,940
Africa	20	16,080
Algeria	0	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	665
Egypt	0	805
Eritrea	0	1,025
Ethiopia	0	775
Morocco	0	190
Nigeria	0	5,030
Somalia	0	485
South Africa, Republic of	0	2,075
Other places of birth in Africa	0	5,010
Asia	15	86,515
Afghanistan	0	465
Iran⁸⁸	0	1,040
Iraq	0	1,440
Lebanon	0	220
Syria⁸⁹	0	1,405
Turkey	0	280
China⁹⁰	0	8,650
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	840
Korea, South⁹²	0	1,110
Taiwan	0	175
Philippines	15	35,960
Viet Nam	0	3,245
Bangladesh	0	3,235
India	0	15,660
Pakistan	0	7,110
Sri Lanka	0	435
Other places of birth in Asia	0	5,245
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	725
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	43,115
Americas	0	2,830
Brazil	0	170
Colombia	0	90
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	0	560
Mexico	0	560
United States of America	0	990
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	70
Other places of birth in Americas	0	385
Europe	0	2,695
France	0	65
Germany	0	100
Ireland⁹⁶	0	180
Italy	0	50
Russian Federation	0	100
Ukraine	0	755
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	590
Other places of birth in Europe	0	855
Africa	0	7,520
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	0	90
Cameroon	0	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	290
Côte d'Ivoire	0	25
Egypt	0	390
Eritrea	0	595
Ethiopia	0	315
Morocco	0	85
Nigeria	0	3,305
Somalia	0	130
South Africa, Republic of	0	775
Sudan⁹⁷	0	300
Tunisia	0	60
Other places of birth in Africa	0	1,110
Asia	0	29,880
Afghanistan	0	140
Bangladesh	0	1,220
China⁹⁰	0	3,690
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	140
India	0	7,940
Iran⁸⁸	0	335
Iraq	0	305
Israel	0	50
Japan	0	40
Jordan	0	105
Korea, South⁹²	0	275
Lebanon	0	75
Nepal	0	130
Pakistan	0	1,685
Philippines	0	10,460
Saudi Arabia	0	285
Sri Lanka	0	65
Syria⁸⁹	0	1,245
Turkey	0	75
United Arab Emirates	0	195
Viet Nam	0	865
Other places of birth in Asia	0	550
Oceania and other⁹³	0	195
Australia	0	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	100
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,380	1,103,200
First generation¹⁰⁰	95	158,540
Second generation¹⁰¹	155	121,675
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,130	822,985
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	70	124,835
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	60	88,545
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	34,820
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	53,725
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	21,620
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	14,405
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	265
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	70	124,835
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	1,885
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	20,335
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	4,170
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	7,770
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	600
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30	90,090
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,380	1,103,200
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	50	159,365
South Asian	0	44,720
Chinese	0	18,010
Black	0	22,570
Filipino	30	43,755
Arab	0	5,575
Latin American	0	5,680
Southeast Asian	0	8,540
West Asian	0	2,830
Korean	0	1,850
Japanese	0	830
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	1,275
Multiple visible minorities	0	3,725
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,330	943,840
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,380	1,103,200
Canadian	175	107,095
English	280	219,665
Irish	225	145,415
Scottish	250	175,590
French, n.o.s.¹²²	90	108,355
German	280	272,475
Chinese	0	19,965
Italian	0	10,830
Indian (India)	0	20,755
Ukrainian	350	138,705
Dutch	25	29,410
Polish	50	55,605
Québécois	0	705
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	30	21,650
Filipino	45	40,160
French Canadian	0	5,465
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	13,375
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	50,770
Métis	115	56,060
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	11,985
Russian	15	35,920
Norwegian	135	70,215
Welsh	25	17,605
Portuguese	10	1,760
American	25	12,675
Spanish	0	5,670
Swedish	70	31,965
Hungarian	65	28,495
Acadian	0	935
Pakistani	0	7,640
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	4,065
Jewish	0	2,420
Punjabi	0	4,115
Vietnamese	0	4,730
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	2,155
Greek	0	3,075
Jamaican	0	2,225
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	5,860
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	46,340
Korean	0	1,950
Romanian	15	12,415
Lebanese	0	1,240
Iranian	0	1,315
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	3,145
Danish	45	10,585
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	20	12,300
Sikh	0	2,530
Austrian	10	17,690
Belgian	0	9,340
Haitian	0	170
Hindu	0	3,220
Mexican	0	2,620
Mennonite	0	11,150
Swiss	0	4,555
Finnish	0	5,180
Sri Lankan	0	465
Croatian	0	2,460
Japanese	0	1,295
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	1,195
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	680
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	6,025
Muslim	0	1,780
Egyptian	0	995
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	860
Tamil	0	285
Icelandic	20	8,345
Colombian	0	735
Moroccan	0	220
Czech	0	5,290
Syrian	0	1,140
Guyanese	0	325
Afghan	0	890
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	730
Serbian	0	1,325
Ojibway	0	2,060
Newfoundlander	0	555
Hong Konger	0	350
Ontarian	0	425
Persian	0	510
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	385
Turkish	0	695
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	690
Bangladeshi	0	3,230
Algerian	0	45
Brazilian	0	755
Nigerian	0	2,845
Armenian	0	270
Slovak	0	1,525
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	1,605
Somali	0	870
Taiwanese	0	250
Iraqi	0	1,250
Salvadorean	0	735
African Caribbean	0	315
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	1,285
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	645
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	275
Algonquin	0	320
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	140
Lithuanian	0	895
South African	0	1,895
Australian	0	980
Palestinian	0	120
Chilean	0	1,035
Congolese	0	640
Nova Scotian	0	200
Ethiopian	0	690
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	505
Peruvian	0	260
Yoruba	0	2,725
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	310
Berber	0	60
Albanian	0	405
Maltese	0	215
Macedonian	0	95
Slovenian	0	490
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	615
New Brunswicker	0	150
Gujarati	0	1,065
Eritrean	0	1,235
African Canadian	0	315
Israeli	0	175
Mohawk	0	365
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	2,210
Bulgarian	0	265
Albertan	0	270
Ghanaian	0	555
Barbadian	0	195
African American	0	840
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	745
Tunisian	0	65
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	580
Cuban	0	210
Bosnian	0	535
Venezuelan	0	160
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	30
Latvian	0	400
Bengali	0	895
Cameroonian	0	230
Guatemalan	0	295
Indonesian	0	355
Laotian	0	660
Ilocano	0	1,105
Northern Irish	0	405
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	435
British Columbian	0	155
Ecuadorian	0	225
Franco Ontarian	0	20
Argentinian	0	130
Estonian	0	285
Kurdish	0	155
Fijian	0	150
Jatt	0	290
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	325
Coptic	0	80
Thai	0	595
Dominican	0	160
Nepali	0	775
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	0	250
Igbo	0	1,170
Byelorussian	0	190
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	6,775
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	430
Abenaki	0	20
Moldovan	0	400
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	210
New Zealander	0	420
Sudanese	0	720
Breton	0	60
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	755
Malaysian	0	115
Plains Cree	0	9,465
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	75
Huron (Wendat)	0	50
Saskatchewanian	0	6,020
Buddhist	0	80
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	0	90
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	220
Ivorian	0	50
Saulteaux	0	6,970
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	515
Burundian	0	265
Tigrinya	0	445
Nicaraguan	0	250
Mauritian	0	290
Kenyan	0	295
Oji-Cree	0	75
Vincentian	0	30
Jordanian	0	85
Manitoban	0	340
Cape Bretoner	0	90
Rwandan	0	210
Grenadian	0	20
Malayali	0	340
Chaldean	0	455
Sinhalese	0	175
Mayan	0	100
Honduran	0	80
Cherokee	0	560
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	15
Indo-Caribbean	0	20
Flemish	0	440
United Empire Loyalist	0	35
Senegalese	0	65
Azerbaijani	0	70
Sicilian	0	30
Pashtun	0	155
Malay	0	280
Goan	0	20
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	75
Tibetan	0	85
Zimbabwean	0	225
Burmese	0	435
Mongolian	0	205
Azorean	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0
Ugandan	0	190
Oromo	0	195
Tanzanian	0	70
Yemeni	0	25
Central African	0	75
Libyan	0	125
Basque	0	65
Uruguayan	0	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	160
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	80
Igorot	0	715
Fulani	0	35
Woodland Cree	0	4,420
Guinean	0	30
St. Lucian	0	30
Prince Edward Islander	0	25
Maliseet	0	30
Beninese	0	20
Telugu	0	100
Roma	0	220
Costa Rican	0	55
African Nova Scotian	0	15
Malagasy	0	50
Kashmiri	0	110
Singaporean	0	65
Karen	0	925
Edo	0	140
Tajik	0	50
Amhara	0	75
Paraguayan	0	120
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,380	1,103,205
Buddhist	0	4,410
Christian	865	621,250
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	180	93,135
Anabaptist	0	11,620
Anglican	40	36,415
Baptist	0	12,150
Catholic	265	265,530
Christian Orthodox	55	13,320
Jehovah's Witness	10	4,530
Latter Day Saints	0	2,060
Lutheran	55	46,980
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	2,275
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10	15,255
Presbyterian	0	4,155
Reformed	0	625
United Church	200	81,465
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	40	31,740
Hindu	0	14,150
Jewish	0	1,105
Muslim	0	25,455
Sikh	0	9,040
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	16,300
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	7,540
No religion and secular perspectives	515	403,960
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,375	1,090,215
Non-movers	1,240	952,690
Movers	140	137,525
Non-migrants	75	87,445
Migrants	65	50,080
Internal migrants	65	43,570
Intraprovincial migrants	55	31,135
Interprovincial migrants	0	12,435
External migrants	0	6,510
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,340	1,034,525
Non-movers	1,010	640,040
Movers	330	394,480
Non-migrants	80	180,065
Migrants	255	214,415
Internal migrants	245	172,905
Intraprovincial migrants	190	134,460
Interprovincial migrants	50	38,445
External migrants	15	41,505
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,155	882,760
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	315	177,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	840	705,430
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	610	566,615
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	70,485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	540	496,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,155	882,760
No certificate, diploma or degree	265	159,815
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	365	284,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	520	438,600
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	257,350
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135	84,485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	32,710
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	105	51,775
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	200	143,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	29,260
Bachelor's degree or higher	155	181,255
Bachelor's degree	125	130,060
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	8,890
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	5,205
Master's degree	20	31,315
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	5,790
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	615	566,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	70	61,380
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	195	171,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	355	333,670
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	230	187,510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	61,810
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	23,150
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	55	38,660
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	140	106,680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	19,025
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	146,160
Bachelor's degree	90	103,950
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	6,745
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	4,300
Master's degree	15	26,715
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	4,455
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,155	882,760
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	635	444,160
Education	70	41,855
13. Education	70	41,855
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	8,250
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	1,135
50. Visual and performing arts	0	7,115
Humanities	25	16,710
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	1,080
23. English language and literature/letters	15	3,555
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	3,575
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	315
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	1,355
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	4,520
54. History	0	2,015
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	33,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	830
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	2,930
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	7,185
22. Legal professions and studies	0	5,120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	590
42. Psychology	0	6,215
45. Social sciences	0	10,330
Business, management and public administration	90	92,220
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	9,905
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	82,150
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	13,015
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	6,320
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	1,960
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	150
40. Physical sciences	0	3,390
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	1,195
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	14,360
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	11,735
25. Library science	0	950
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	1,435
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	235
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	160	94,645
04. Architecture and related services	0	1,710
14. Engineering	0	15,975
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	18,400
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	40	24,630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	70	21,790
48. Precision production	25	12,130
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	18,995
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	15,775
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	3,220
Health and related fields	65	77,105
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	4,765
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	70,660
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	150
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	1,535
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	28,170
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	17,195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	100
43. Security and protective services	0	5,415
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	5,425
Other¹⁷⁹	0	70
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	615	566,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	260	232,940
Education	45	27,555
13. Education	45	27,555
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	6,520
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	775
50. Visual and performing arts	0	5,740
Humanities	25	12,145
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	825
23. English language and literature/letters	15	2,665
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	2,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	220
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	1,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	2,930
54. History	0	1,490
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	190
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	26,915
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	2,545
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	5,850
22. Legal professions and studies	0	4,075
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	460
42. Psychology	0	4,770
45. Social sciences	0	8,490
Business, management and public administration	70	72,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	145
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	7,740
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	64,470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	10,095
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	4,900
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	1,530
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	125
40. Physical sciences	0	2,740
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	795
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	12,025
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	10,205
25. Library science	0	655
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	980
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	190
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	72,215
04. Architecture and related services	0	1,350
14. Engineering	0	13,255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	14,385
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	18,380
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	15,630
48. Precision production	15	9,210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	14,555
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	11,965
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	2,590
Health and related fields	50	57,430
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	3,605
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	52,460
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	100
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	1,265
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	21,820
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	12,955
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	45
43. Security and protective services	0	4,425
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	4,360
Other¹⁷⁹	0	45
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	615	566,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	260	232,940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	355	333,675
Location of study inside Canada	310	277,810
Same as province or territory of residence	205	221,390
Different than province or territory of residence	105	56,420
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	55,865
Americas	0	7,105
United States of America	0	5,385
Mexico	0	285
Cuba	0	55
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	0	320
Brazil	0	320
Colombia	0	205
Peru	0	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	60
Other locations of study in Americas	0	430
Europe	0	7,140
Belgium	0	55
France	0	180
Germany	0	555
Netherlands	0	220
Switzerland	0	80
Hungary	0	80
Moldova¹⁸³	0	105
Poland	0	200
Romania	0	155
Russian Federation	0	285
Ukraine	0	1,700
Ireland⁹⁶	0	350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	2,180
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	115
Italy	0	45
Serbia⁸⁶	0	125
Other locations of study in Europe	0	705
Africa	15	4,770
Nigeria	0	2,085
Algeria	0	10
Morocco	0	90
Tunisia	0	50
Egypt	0	385
South Africa, Republic of	0	1,035
Other locations of study in Africa	0	1,115
Asia	20	36,065
Iran⁸⁸	0	545
Iraq	0	170
Israel	0	90
Lebanon	0	40
Syria⁸⁹	0	140
Turkey	0	70
China⁹⁰	0	3,445
Taiwan	0	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	85
Japan	0	145
Korea, South⁹²	0	595
Philippines	20	15,730
Viet Nam	0	655
Bangladesh	0	1,510
Sri Lanka	0	145
India	0	9,290
Pakistan	0	2,595
Other locations of study in Asia	0	735
Oceania	0	780
Australia	0	645
New Zealand	0	125
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,155	882,760
In the labour force	630	577,510
Employed	575	528,900
Unemployed	50	48,605
Not in the labour force	525	305,250
Participation rate	54.5	65.4
Employment rate	49.8	59.9
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,155	882,760
Did not work¹⁸⁶	495	312,775
Worked	655	569,980
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	300	313,995
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	355	255,980
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	630	577,505
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	14,000
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	625	563,505
Employee	530	469,850
Permanent position	400	383,850
Temporary position	130	86,000
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	24,010
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	100	61,985
Self-employed¹⁹²	90	93,655
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	630	577,505
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	14,000
All occupations¹⁹¹	625	563,505
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	5,305
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	82,325
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	30,545
3 Health occupations	25	49,765
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	71,380
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	11,145
6 Sales and service occupations	160	133,655
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	175	105,470
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	65	54,755
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	45	19,165
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	630	577,505
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	14,000
All industries¹⁹¹	625	563,505
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	48,750
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	18,555
22 Utilities	0	5,855
23 Construction	45	44,130
31-33 Manufacturing	90	26,200
41 Wholesale trade	20	19,815
44-45 Retail trade	70	61,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	24,225
51 Information and cultural industries	15	8,130
52 Finance and insurance	10	19,600
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	7,195
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	26,670
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	785
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	17,545
61 Educational services	55	46,205
62 Health care and social assistance	65	80,465
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10,150
72 Accommodation and food services	30	32,705
81 Other services (except public administration)	55	25,825
91 Public administration	15	39,210
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	675	615,785
English	665	597,140
French	0	1,205
Non-official language	0	2,200
Indigenous³⁹	0	250
Non-Indigenous	0	1,950
English and French	0	3,715
English and non-official language(s)	0	11,275
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	180
Multiple non-official languages	0	70
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	675	615,785
Single responses	675	613,080
Official languages	670	608,585
English	670	606,550
French	0	2,035
Non-official languages	0	4,495
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	1,140
Algonquian languages	0	735
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	720
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	720
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	105
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	75
Cree, n.o.s.	0	520
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	370
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	370
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	370
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	25
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	10
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	3,360
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	40
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	40
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	0	30
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	360
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	0	360
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	220
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	20
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	1,000
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	95
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	95
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	0
Russian	0	45
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	225
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	105
German	0	95
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	10
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	120
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	80
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	455
Indo-Aryan languages	0	400
Bengali	0	25
Gujarati	0	40
Hindi	0	35
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	240
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	60
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	60
Dari	0	10
Iranian Persian	0	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	195
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	0
Portuguese	0	15
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	0	175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	0	75
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	50
American Sign Language	0	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	1,565
Chinese languages	0	1,505
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	0	1,125
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	345
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	55
Burmese	0	10
Karenic languages	0	50
S'gaw Karen	0	50
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	0	2,710
English and French	0	390
English and non-official language(s)	0	2,290
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	20
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	675	615,785
None	665	603,050
English	0	2,935
French	0	2,530
Non-official language	0	6,265
Indigenous³⁹	0	2,130
Non-Indigenous	0	4,140
English and French	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	120
French and non-official language(s)	0	130
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	750
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	575	528,900
Worked at home	45	97,525
Worked outside Canada	0	755
No fixed workplace address	75	71,095
Usual place of work	450	359,530
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	455	359,530
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	395	245,520
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	78,380
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	26,900
Commute to a different province or territory	15	8,735
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	530	430,625
Car, truck or van	450	389,035
Car, truck or van - as a driver	435	364,190
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	24,850
Public transit	0	7,935
Walked	70	22,105
Bicycle	0	3,045
Other method	0	8,505
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	530	430,625
Less than 15 minutes	420	202,860
15 to 29 minutes	65	152,070
30 to 44 minutes	20	42,705
45 to 59 minutes	15	14,775
60 minutes and over	15	18,210
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	530	430,625
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	25,595
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	135	74,470
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	75	132,035
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	145	94,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	80	46,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	60	57,780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	265	266,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	15,535
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260	251,060
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205	192,900
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	11,720
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	7,000
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	4,720
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	200	181,180

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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