Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SherbrookeMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	119,038	...	...
Population, 2016¹	111,176	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,115	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,436	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,198.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	99.31	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,040	57,860	61,180
0 to 14 years	16,755	8,765	7,985
0 to 4 years	5,210	2,760	2,450
5 to 9 years	5,720	2,975	2,745
10 to 14 years	5,825	3,035	2,785
15 to 64 years	74,610	37,415	37,200
15 to 19 years	5,950	3,000	2,955
20 to 24 years	10,520	5,245	5,275
25 to 29 years	9,690	5,040	4,650
30 to 34 years	7,650	4,045	3,600
35 to 39 years	6,905	3,550	3,350
40 to 44 years	6,895	3,430	3,470
45 to 49 years	5,885	2,915	2,970
50 to 54 years	5,950	2,920	3,030
55 to 59 years	7,280	3,525	3,760
60 to 64 years	7,885	3,740	4,145
65 years and over	27,675	11,680	15,995
65 to 69 years	7,595	3,495	4,100
70 to 74 years	6,860	3,135	3,725
75 to 79 years	5,355	2,345	3,010
80 to 84 years	3,630	1,355	2,275
85 years and over	4,230	1,345	2,890
85 to 89 years	2,415	850	1,570
90 to 94 years	1,350	410	935
95 to 99 years	400	80	330
100 years and over	65	5	60
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.1	13.1
15 to 64 years	62.7	64.7	60.8
65 years and over	23.2	20.2	26.1
85 years and over	3.6	2.3	4.7
Average age of the population	43.2	41.3	45.0
Median age of the population	41.6	39.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,435	...	...
Single-detached house	16,525	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,410	...	...
Row house	1,655	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,670	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,575	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,440	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,435	...	...
1 person	26,245	...	...
2 persons	19,550	...	...
3 persons	5,580	...	...
4 persons	4,440	...	...
5 or more persons	2,625	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,320	56,095	58,225
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,285	49,090	53,190
Married or living common-law	49,340	24,625	24,715
Married	25,975	12,990	12,985
Living common-law	23,370	11,640	11,725
Living common law - Never married	19,085	9,435	9,650
Living common law - Separated	230	115	110
Living common law - Divorced	3,625	1,890	1,740
Living common law - Widowed	425	200	230
Not married and not living common-law	52,945	24,465	28,475
Not married and not living common law - Never married	37,140	19,305	17,840
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,445	670	775
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,805	3,215	5,595
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,555	1,280	4,270
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,260	...	...
2 persons	17,850	...	...
3 persons	4,925	...	...
4 persons	4,170	...	...
5 or more persons	2,310	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,255	...	...
Total couple families	24,055	...	...
Married couples	12,380	...	...
With children⁶	4,590	...	...
Without children	7,790	...	...
Common-law couples	11,680	...	...
With children⁶	4,695	...	...
Without children	6,985	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,200	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,875	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,325	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,325	56,100	58,225
Total - Persons in census families	79,750	39,465	40,285
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,120	24,010	24,105
Parents in one-parent families	5,200	1,325	3,870
Children⁶	26,435	14,125	12,310
In a two-parent family	18,355	9,750	8,605
In a one-parent family	8,080	4,380	3,695
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	34,570	16,635	17,940
Living alone	26,245	12,080	14,165
Living with other relatives⁷	2,080	945	1,135
Living with non-relatives only	6,250	3,610	2,640
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,435	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,900	...	...
Couple-family households	23,225	...	...
With children⁶	8,945	...	...
Without children	14,285	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,675	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	855	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,085	...	...
One-person households	26,245	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,580	47,340	50,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,205	46,130	49,075
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,215	46,130	49,085
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,375	41,485	42,885
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	32,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,225	33,455	31,770
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,800	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,270	39,125	44,145
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	9,800	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,850	5,935	4,915
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,800	4,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,130	15,095	13,035
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,590	47,315	50,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,265	46,060	49,205
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360	48,360	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,270	46,060	49,210
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,320	39,720	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,325	41,420	42,900
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,160	43,280	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,285	33,380	31,905
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	42,640	35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,120	38,910	44,215
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,090	11,150	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,765	5,850	4,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,135	5,675	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,755	14,970	12,785
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,300	7,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,585	47,315	50,270
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,505	14,635	12,875
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	54,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,700	65,900	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,700	14,945	15,750
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,760	26,480	23,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.6	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.7	63.9	57.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	19.5	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.6	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,580	47,340	50,240
Without total income	2,380	1,210	1,165
With total income	95,200	46,130	49,075
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,030	2,805	3,220
$10,000 to $19,999	13,715	5,960	7,755
$20,000 to $29,999	19,425	8,470	10,955
$30,000 to $39,999	14,030	6,790	7,240
$40,000 to $49,999	12,525	6,080	6,445
$50,000 to $59,999	9,145	4,655	4,485
$60,000 to $69,999	6,135	3,270	2,865
$70,000 to $79,999	4,280	2,370	1,910
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	1,625	1,450
$90,000 to $99,999	2,025	1,095	930
$100,000 and over	4,820	3,015	1,810
$100,000 to $149,999	3,320	1,985	1,330
$150,000 and over	1,505	1,025	480
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,580	47,340	50,240
Without after-tax income	2,370	1,210	1,160
With after-tax income	95,210	46,130	49,080
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405	2,895	3,510
$10,000 to $19,999	14,325	6,255	8,070
$20,000 to $29,999	22,640	10,110	12,535
$30,000 to $39,999	17,180	8,535	8,650
$40,000 to $49,999	13,615	6,875	6,740
$50,000 to $59,999	8,315	4,440	3,870
$60,000 to $69,999	5,220	2,735	2,485
$70,000 to $79,999	3,050	1,555	1,495
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	835	685
$90,000 to $99,999	890	535	350
$100,000 and over	2,055	1,360	700
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050	675	370
$125,000 and over	1,005	680	325
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,580	47,340	50,240
Without employment income	32,355	13,880	18,470
With employment income	65,225	33,460	31,770
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,490	4,250	4,235
$5,000 to $9,999	6,005	2,685	3,320
$10,000 to $19,999	9,975	4,650	5,325
$20,000 to $29,999	8,065	4,005	4,065
$30,000 to $39,999	7,390	3,840	3,545
$40,000 to $49,999	6,750	3,420	3,335
$50,000 to $59,999	4,985	2,740	2,250
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	2,185	1,530
$70,000 to $79,999	2,755	1,545	1,215
$80,000 to $89,999	2,435	1,215	1,220
$90,000 to $99,999	1,260	755	505
$100,000 and over	3,400	2,170	1,230
$100,000 to $124,999	1,660	1,000	665
$125,000 and over	1,740	1,170	570
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,580	47,340	50,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,625	45,320	48,305
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,655	45,330	48,330
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	31,800	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,015	40,855	42,160
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,150	33,380	31,770
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,115	35,685	41,435
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,120	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,320	5,100	4,220
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	4,160	4,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,590	47,315	50,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,770	45,320	48,450
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,960	44,880	37,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,800	45,320	48,480
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	37,200	32,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,975	40,910	42,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,560	32,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,360	33,440	31,920
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	41,600	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,005	35,570	41,430
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,360	8,250	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,285	5,100	4,185
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,250	5,350	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,585	47,315	50,270
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,315	14,510	12,810
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	51,600	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,600	61,200	51,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,980	14,170	14,815
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,360	29,520	25,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.6	76.4
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.4	61.0
Government transfers (%)	18.8	14.4	23.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,435	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,245	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,195	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,430	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,230	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,200	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,435	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	525	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,375	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,360	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,990	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,250	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,040	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,450	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,400	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,435	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,860	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,940	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,870	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,895	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,435	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	545	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,415	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,455	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,420	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,960	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,675	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,825	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,805	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,740	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,045	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,590	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,175	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,245	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,705	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,475	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,115	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,495	15,690	16,805
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,000	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	29,400	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,720	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,465	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,390	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,060	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,450	15,670	16,780
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,320	39,560	37,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,720	32,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,325	56,100	58,225
0 to 17 years	20,060	10,475	9,585
0 to 5 years	6,300	3,320	2,980
18 to 64 years	70,305	34,950	35,355
65 years and over	23,960	10,675	13,285
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,310	9,355	10,960
0 to 17 years	2,940	1,515	1,425
0 to 5 years	955	520	435
18 to 64 years	11,675	5,800	5,875
65 years and over	5,700	2,040	3,660
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.8	16.7	18.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.6	14.5	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.7	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	16.6	16.6	16.6
65 years and over (%)	23.8	19.1	27.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,320	56,100	58,225
0 to 17 years	20,060	10,475	9,585
0 to 5 years	6,295	3,320	2,975
18 to 64 years	70,300	34,955	35,350
65 years and over	23,960	10,670	13,290
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,995	4,170	3,825
0 to 17 years	875	420	455
0 to 5 years	285	145	135
18 to 64 years	6,600	3,530	3,070
65 years and over	525	215	305
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	7.4	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.0	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	10.1	8.7
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,325	56,100	58,220
In bottom half of the distribution	77,235	37,270	39,965
In bottom decile	18,420	8,640	9,775
In second decile	16,720	7,985	8,730
In third decile	15,725	7,580	8,145
In fourth decile	14,175	6,980	7,195
In fifth decile	12,195	6,075	6,120
In top half of the distribution	37,085	18,830	18,255
In sixth decile	10,615	5,375	5,240
In seventh decile	9,075	4,615	4,460
In eighth decile	7,415	3,740	3,670
In ninth decile	5,490	2,800	2,695
In top decile	4,490	2,300	2,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.472	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,035	56,930	60,105
English only	1,635	900	735
French only	59,785	26,720	33,065
English and French	54,530	28,770	25,755
Neither English nor French	1,080	535	545
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,035	56,930	60,105
English	4,875	2,480	2,390
French	108,345	52,425	55,915
English and French	2,780	1,510	1,275
Neither English nor French	1,035	510	525
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,035	56,930	60,105
Single responses	114,030	55,395	58,635
Official languages	103,245	49,980	53,265
English	3,355	1,670	1,685
French	99,890	48,315	51,575
Non-official languages	10,790	5,410	5,375
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5
Atikamekw	5	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,775	5,405	5,370
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,305	1,230	1,080
Berber languages	165	95	75
Kabyle	135	80	60
Tamazight	25	10	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	70	35	30
Hausa	35	20	15
Mina	30	15	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,075	1,095	975
Amharic	5	0	5
Arabic	1,980	1,055	930
Aramaic languages	80	40	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	60	35	30
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	100	140
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40
Vietnamese	175	75	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	80	55
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0
Indonesian	10	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	25	15	10
Merina	15	10	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	55	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	230	105	125
Haitian Creole	110	50	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	90	45	45
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	60	45
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0
Tamil	25	15	5
Telugu	60	30	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,275	3,125	3,155
Albanian	20	10	5
Armenian	15	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085	520	565
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,085	520	565
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10
Czech	15	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	80	40	45
Russian	160	65	95
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	785	385	400
Bosnian	220	100	120
Croatian	85	40	50
Serbian	455	235	220
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Slovak	10	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	125	60	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	85	45	45
German	75	35	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15
Afrikaans	5	0	5
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5
Danish	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	840	855
Indo-Aryan languages	270	135	135
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	20	15	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5
Nepali	100	50	50
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5
Urdu	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,425	705	720
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	5
Persian languages	1,380	675	700
Dari	1,145	560	590
Iranian Persian	195	100	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,275	1,650	1,625
Catalan	20	10	5
Italian	85	55	35
Portuguese	270	140	135
Romanian	145	65	80
Spanish	2,745	1,375	1,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10
Korean	25	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	975	470	510
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	25	20	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	35	15	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	60
Lingala	60	30	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	5
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	80	95
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	295	135	160
Wojenaka	40	20	20
Wolof	95	45	45
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	30
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Sign languages	15	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	130	150
Chinese languages	275	130	140
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	105	115
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	25	25
Azerbaijani	10	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	45	25	25
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	15	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,000	1,535	1,470
English and French	1,550	785	765
English and non-official language(s)	205	115	90
French and non-official language(s)	990	505	485
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	60
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,035	56,930	60,105
English	2,085	1,075	1,015
French	96,315	46,295	50,020
Non-official language	3,700	1,860	1,840
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	3,700	1,860	1,840
English and French	6,930	3,705	3,220
English and non-official language(s)	705	375	330
French and non-official language(s)	5,020	2,440	2,580
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,030	1,060	965
Multiple non-official languages	245	125	125
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,035	56,930	60,105
Single responses	113,340	55,040	58,295
Official languages	106,840	51,800	55,035
English	3,510	1,785	1,725
French	103,330	50,015	53,315
Non-official languages	6,500	3,240	3,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,495	3,240	3,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,325	675	645
Berber languages	55	25	25
Kabyle	45	25	20
Tamazight	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20
Hausa	20	15	10
Mina	15	5	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,230	630	605
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,160	590	570
Aramaic languages	65	35	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	50	30	20
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	65	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15
Vietnamese	95	50	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	30	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	35	55
Haitian Creole	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	35	15	20
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5
Tamil	10	10	5
Telugu	20	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,175	2,065	2,110
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	630	295	330
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	630	295	330
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	10	15
Russian	95	45	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	485	235	255
Bosnian	130	60	70
Croatian	55	20	35
Serbian	305	150	150
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	15	5
German	20	15	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,330	645	685
Indo-Aryan languages	185	85	105
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	85	45	45
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	25	5	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,140	560	580
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	15	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	5	5
Persian languages	1,105	540	560
Dari	925	450	475
Iranian Persian	155	80	80
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,135	1,075	1,060
Catalan	5	5	0
Italian	15	5	10
Portuguese	185	100	85
Romanian	65	30	30
Spanish	1,855	930	930
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	20	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	380	180	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15
Lingala	15	10	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	30	45
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	175	85	90
Wojenaka	15	5	10
Wolof	40	25	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	90	85
Chinese languages	175	90	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	80	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,695	1,890	1,805
English and French	1,595	820	775
English and non-official language(s)	270	145	125
French and non-official language(s)	1,495	745	750
English, French and non-official language(s)	295	160	140
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,035	56,935	60,105
None	105,175	50,780	54,395
English	4,855	2,670	2,190
French	2,765	1,360	1,410
Non-official language	2,490	1,230	1,265
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous	2,490	1,230	1,265
English and French	460	240	215
English and non-official language(s)	715	365	345
French and non-official language(s)	300	130	170
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30
Multiple non-official languages	220	125	90
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,315	56,070	58,245
Official languages	113,230	55,520	57,710
English	55,410	29,125	26,280
French	111,645	54,610	57,035
Non-official languages	17,665	8,660	9,010
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	25
Algonquian languages	25	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,640	8,655	8,985
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,140	1,665	1,475
Berber languages	315	165	150
Kabyle	290	150	140
Tamazight	30	10	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	60	35	25
Hausa	25	10	15
Mina	30	25	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,930	1,560	1,365
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	2,880	1,540	1,340
Aramaic languages	95	40	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	50
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	20	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	65	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	25	55
Vietnamese	115	40	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	140	95
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	45	20	30
Merina	30	10	20
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	115	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	465	225	245
Haitian Creole	250	115	135
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	20	10	0
Sango	135	65	75
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Dravidian languages	145	110	35
Kannada	10	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0
Tamil	15	10	0
Telugu	80	60	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,470	5,565	5,905
Albanian	35	15	20
Armenian	15	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,385	720	670
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,385	720	670
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	10	15
Czech	25	10	15
Macedonian	10	10	0
Polish	95	50	45
Russian	365	190	170
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	885	460	425
Bosnian	320	160	165
Croatian	245	125	120
Serbian	535	270	265
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	50	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	600	345	255
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	505	305	200
German	495	295	200
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35
Afrikaans	10	0	0
Dutch	55	25	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	10	20
Swedish	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	95	50	45
Indo-Iranian languages	2,190	1,185	1,005
Indo-Aryan languages	605	370	235
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	55	25	30
Gujarati	35	20	10
Hindi	290	200	90
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	65	30	40
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	80	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	225	130	90
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,815	945	870
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	80	55	25
Persian languages	1,765	915	850
Dari	1,475	740	735
Iranian Persian	265	155	115
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	35	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,580	3,495	4,080
Catalan	35	25	10
Italian	555	280	270
Portuguese	445	245	200
Romanian	115	60	60
Spanish	6,830	3,080	3,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	90	65	25
Korean	40	30	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,985	940	1,050
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	70	35	30
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	85	40	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	180	85	90
Lingala	380	170	205
Luba-Kasai	30	10	15
Mòoré	50	15	35
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	275	125	150
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	765	405	360
Wojenaka	85	30	55
Wolof	195	85	110
Yoruba	20	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	180	180
Nilo-Saharan languages	120	65	55
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Sign languages	105	35	75
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	85	15	70
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	175	170
Chinese languages	350	175	170
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	155	140
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	20	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	135	70	70
Azerbaijani	20	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	110	70	45
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	10	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	10	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,315	56,065	58,250
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,910	860	1,055
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,815	805	1,015
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,245	535	710
Métis	515	250	265
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	55	35
Non-Indigenous identity	112,405	55,210	57,195
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,315	56,065	58,250
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	375	140	235
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,940	55,925	58,015
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,430	...	...
Owner	23,845	...	...
Renter	34,585	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,430	...	...
Condominium	6,330	...	...
Not condominium	52,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,430	...	...
No bedrooms	710	...	...
1 bedroom	12,375	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,475	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,530	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,430	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,765	...	...
5 rooms	10,620	...	...
6 rooms	4,980	...	...
7 rooms	4,845	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,215	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,430	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,895	...	...
More than one person per room	530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,430	...	...
Suitable	56,900	...	...
Not suitable	1,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,430	...	...
1960 or before	12,385	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,750	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,465	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,600	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,700	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,430	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	55,345	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,080	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,430	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,880	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,290	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,260	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,430	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,000	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,940	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,535	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,845	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,975	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,710	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,620	...	...
85 years and over	1,805	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,165	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,330	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,835	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,425	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,675	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,185	...	...
Not suitable only	1,295	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,425	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,750	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,420	...	...
In core need	2,980	...	...
Not in core need	54,445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,835	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,053	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	279,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,585	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	748	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,320	56,065	58,250
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,030	885	1,140
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,990	880	1,110
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,835	815	1,020
Métis single ancestry	130	55	80
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	10	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	10	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,115	1,335	1,785
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,100	1,320	1,775
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,925	1,245	1,680
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	70	65
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	10	35
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,170	53,845	55,325
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,315	56,065	58,250
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,790	52,110	54,680
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,590	9,825	8,760
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,200	42,285	45,920
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,525	3,955	3,570
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,315	56,065	58,250
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,215	48,190	51,025
Immigrants⁸¹	12,055	6,105	5,945
Before 1980	870	505	360
1980 to 1990	585	280	300
1991 to 2000	1,545	805	740
2001 to 2010	3,260	1,705	1,555
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,800	2,805	2,995
2011 to 2015	2,350	1,140	1,205
2016 to 2021	3,450	1,665	1,785
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,050	1,775	1,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,050	6,105	5,945
Under 5 years	1,405	745	665
5 to 14 years	2,320	1,100	1,215
15 to 24 years	1,825	920	910
25 to 44 years	5,565	2,865	2,700
45 years and over	935	485	455
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,050	6,105	5,945
Americas	2,615	1,275	1,340
Brazil	125	60	65
Colombia	910	430	485
El Salvador	110	50	55
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	240	125	115
Jamaica	15	15	0
Mexico	135	65	70
Peru	90	40	55
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	300	135	165
Other places of birth in Americas	685	355	335
Europe	2,900	1,565	1,335
Bosnia and Herzegovina	560	285	275
Croatia	75	40	35
France	1,250	700	550
Germany	80	45	30
Greece	35	25	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	80	55	25
Netherlands	20	0	10
Poland	55	25	30
Portugal	20	15	10
Romania	105	55	50
Russian Federation	130	60	70
Serbia⁸⁶	75	40	40
Ukraine	30	10	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	10	30
Other places of birth in Europe	340	200	140
Africa	3,855	1,950	1,900
Algeria	425	235	190
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	515	240	275
Egypt	105	45	55
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0
Morocco	665	375	290
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	2,115	1,045	1,075
Asia	2,685	1,305	1,375
Afghanistan	1,045	510	535
Iran⁸⁸	140	85	55
Iraq	220	95	125
Lebanon	115	70	50
Syria⁸⁹	255	140	115
Turkey	40	25	10
China⁹⁰	150	65	85
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	15	30
Viet Nam	50	20	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	45	25	20
Pakistan	265	140	120
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	270	105	160
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,450	1,665	1,785
Americas	340	155	185
Brazil	20	10	15
Colombia	130	50	80
Haiti	25	10	20
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	0
United States of America	35	0	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	95	65	35
Europe	415	220	190
France	265	150	115
Germany	15	10	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	30	25
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	25	40
Africa	1,240	580	660
Algeria	80	30	45
Burundi	65	20	40
Cameroon	140	75	65
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	100	115
Côte d'Ivoire	80	35	50
Egypt	35	15	20
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	130	70	55
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	80	40	40
Other places of birth in Africa	425	195	225
Asia	1,455	710	745
Afghanistan	680	330	355
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	30	25	10
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	25
Iraq	100	45	50
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10
Lebanon	45	20	20
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	205	105	100
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	185	105	80
Turkey	10	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,315	56,070	58,245
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,970	8,240	7,725
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,195	3,710	3,485
Third generation or more¹⁰²	91,150	44,110	47,035
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,185	5,605	5,580
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,125	2,170	1,955
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,905	1,265	645
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,220	910	1,315
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,815	805	1,015
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,200	2,615	2,585
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	20	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,185	5,605	5,580
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	355	205	150
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	605	320	285
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	110	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	635	385	240
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,355	4,550	4,805
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,315	56,065	58,250
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,400	6,910	6,495
South Asian	560	325	235
Chinese	510	195	315
Black	4,620	2,340	2,280
Filipino	175	125	50
Arab	2,420	1,330	1,085
Latin American	2,695	1,380	1,320
Southeast Asian	380	140	240
West Asian	1,560	825	730
Korean	45	30	15
Japanese	35	20	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	90	115
Multiple visible minorities	210	110	95
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,915	49,160	51,755
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,315	56,070	58,250
Canadian	37,700	18,010	19,690
English	2,005	945	1,060
Irish	5,565	2,515	3,055
Scottish	1,855	840	1,015
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,740	14,875	14,870
German	1,600	740	860
Chinese	535	205	335
Italian	1,830	885	945
Indian (India)	375	210	165
Ukrainian	200	80	120
Dutch	210	100	110
Polish	360	155	205
Québécois	14,355	7,165	7,190
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	110	120
Filipino	190	130	60
French Canadian	8,905	4,245	4,660
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,520	1,205	1,320
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,390	1,085	1,300
Métis	325	145	180
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,330	680	650
Russian	275	110	165
Norwegian	105	40	65
Welsh	135	50	90
Portuguese	305	145	160
American	985	445	545
Spanish	1,070	545	530
Swedish	70	20	50
Hungarian	130	50	80
Acadian	765	365	400
Pakistani	75	35	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	790	395	395
Jewish	90	40	50
Punjabi	45	25	20
Vietnamese	225	100	130
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,010	520	485
Greek	235	125	110
Jamaican	65	60	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	25	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	45	55
Korean	45	30	10
Romanian	135	70	70
Lebanese	210	110	100
Iranian	225	140	85
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,060	575	490
Danish	30	25	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	635	260	375
Sikh	30	10	20
Austrian	55	30	25
Belgian	825	415	410
Haitian	535	265	265
Hindu	65	40	25
Mexican	375	200	180
Mennonite	20	10	15
Swiss	205	120	85
Finnish	35	10	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	155	60	90
Japanese	45	25	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	120	120
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	20	25
Muslim	345	205	145
Egyptian	170	90	80
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	175	175
Tamil	15	10	0
Icelandic	25	25	0
Colombian	1,030	500	530
Moroccan	790	485	305
Czech	40	20	20
Syrian	390	235	165
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	1,365	690	675
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	155	95	60
Serbian	395	195	200
Ojibway	20	0	20
Newfoundlander	10	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	40	15
Persian	55	35	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0
Turkish	65	40	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	45
Bangladeshi	35	15	20
Algerian	445	260	190
Brazilian	215	125	90
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	75	55	25
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	20	20
Somali	10	0	10
Taiwanese	20	0	10
Iraqi	170	80	95
Salvadorean	185	90	95
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	20
Algonquin	350	125	220
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	20	0
South African	45	20	20
Australian	40	20	25
Palestinian	40	25	15
Chilean	140	60	80
Congolese	685	365	315
Nova Scotian	15	0	15
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	35	25
Peruvian	170	100	70
Yoruba	15	15	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	40	70
Berber	320	195	125
Albanian	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	100	50
New Brunswicker	30	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	50	15	30
Israeli	15	10	0
Mohawk	50	25	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10
Bulgarian	40	15	25
Albertan	15	10	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	60	15	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	35	20
Tunisian	300	145	160
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	0
Cuban	170	80	85
Bosnian	275	145	135
Venezuelan	145	80	65
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	210	85	125
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10
Cameroonian	285	160	125
Guatemalan	90	55	35
Indonesian	10	10	0
Laotian	15	0	15
Ilocano	20	10	0
Northern Irish	30	20	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	30	10
British Columbian	50	20	25
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10
Argentinian	105	60	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	65	60
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15
Dominican	170	105	65
Nepali	55	20	35
Kabyle	140	75	65
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	435	160	270
Moldovan	40	20	20
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	200	90	110
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	200	115	85
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	90	40	45
Huron (Wendat)	215	65	150
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	50	20	30
Norman	275	135	145
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	290	130	160
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0
Burundian	385	200	190
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	90	45	45
Mauritian	10	10	0
Kenyan	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	10	10
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0
Rwandan	160	80	85
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	25	10	15
Honduran	35	20	15
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	35	15	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	130	75	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10
Pashtun	20	15	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	35	85
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	25	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	15	0	15
Bamileke	60	35	25
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	20	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	210	70	140
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	55	20	40
Uruguayan	25	15	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	30	35
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	70	40	30
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	60	20	40
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	70	30	40
Beninese	65	50	20
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	15	15	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	95	40	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	85	45	40
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,315	56,065	58,250
Buddhist	275	130	150
Christian	69,540	32,470	37,070
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,205	2,635	2,570
Anabaptist	15	10	0
Anglican	215	85	130
Baptist	435	190	245
Catholic	60,310	27,985	32,330
Christian Orthodox	865	450	415
Jehovah's Witness	550	240	315
Latter Day Saints	40	15	35
Lutheran	50	30	20
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	10	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	450	175	275
Presbyterian	60	20	45
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	185	65	125
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,110	575	540
Hindu	220	150	75
Jewish	90	50	40
Muslim	5,495	2,835	2,660
Sikh	70	35	30
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	570	295	275
No religion and secular perspectives	38,050	20,100	17,945
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,185	55,475	57,705
Non-movers	93,400	45,700	47,705
Movers	19,780	9,780	10,005
Non-migrants	13,635	6,760	6,875
Migrants	6,150	3,015	3,130
Internal migrants	5,475	2,645	2,835
Intraprovincial migrants	5,105	2,455	2,650
Interprovincial migrants	370	190	180
External migrants	670	380	295
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,930	53,160	55,775
Non-movers	54,850	26,455	28,395
Movers	54,080	26,700	27,385
Non-migrants	29,550	14,440	15,110
Migrants	24,540	12,260	12,270
Internal migrants	19,330	9,550	9,780
Intraprovincial migrants	18,505	9,140	9,365
Interprovincial migrants	825	405	415
External migrants	5,205	2,715	2,490
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,590	47,315	50,270
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,650	9,985	8,670
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,935	37,335	41,605
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,305	28,445	28,870
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,920	4,600	3,320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,385	23,840	25,550
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,590	47,315	50,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,510	8,515	8,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,890	9,325	10,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,185	29,480	31,700
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,425	17,865	18,555
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,275	8,670	6,605
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,280	5,670	5,610
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,995	3,000	995
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,895	7,805	10,090
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,250	1,390	1,855
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,760	11,610	13,145
Bachelor's degree	14,145	6,255	7,890
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,780	835	945
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,025	450	575
Master's degree	6,035	2,925	3,105
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,775	1,145	630
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,310	28,440	28,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,610	3,715	2,900
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,975	4,830	4,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,720	19,895	21,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,180	11,570	11,605
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,885	6,070	4,810
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,200	4,030	4,175
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,680	2,045	640
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,410	4,680	5,730
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,885	825	1,065
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,545	8,320	10,220
Bachelor's degree	10,190	4,345	5,845
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	565	720
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	760	275	485
Master's degree	4,920	2,280	2,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,385	860	530
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,585	47,315	50,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,400	17,835	18,565
Education	5,025	1,375	3,655
13. Education	5,025	1,375	3,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,785	750	1,030
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	155	60
50. Visual and performing arts	1,570	595	975
Humanities	4,710	2,110	2,600
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	125	390
23. English language and literature/letters	155	60	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,330	1,055	1,275
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	295	215	80
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	125	100
54. History	455	295	160
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	715	230	480
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,995	2,025	3,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	60	85
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	650	240	415
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	105	805
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	425	710
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	270	90	180
42. Psychology	1,495	375	1,120
45. Social sciences	1,390	735	660
Business, management and public administration	11,815	4,440	7,375
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,095	275	825
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,700	4,155	6,545
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,445	1,925	1,520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,335	625	705
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	230	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	850	425	430
40. Physical sciences	765	565	200
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	85	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,100	1,565	535
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,710	1,345	365
25. Library science	105	25	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	165	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,190	10,210	980
04. Architecture and related services	245	135	110
14. Engineering	2,415	2,015	400
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,475	2,210	260
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,420	2,335	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,005	1,955	45
48. Precision production	1,640	1,565	75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,415	700	715
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	820	325	495
03. Natural resources and conservation	600	380	220
Health and related fields	9,895	2,380	7,515
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	595	345	245
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,870	1,810	7,060
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	15	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	410	210	195
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,690	1,960	1,730
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,355	815	1,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	595	490	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	635	85
Other¹⁷⁹	115	35	75
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	57,310	28,440	28,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,585	8,545	7,040
Education	3,155	780	2,380
13. Education	3,155	780	2,380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,270	495	770
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	105	50
50. Visual and performing arts	1,115	390	725
Humanities	2,500	1,050	1,450
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	90	270
23. English language and literature/letters	120	45	80
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	450	575
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	120	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	60
54. History	260	165	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	435	120	315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,215	1,295	2,925
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	35	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	175	340
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	70	640
22. Legal professions and studies	770	260	515
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	80	140
42. Psychology	920	190	730
45. Social sciences	980	490	490
Business, management and public administration	8,255	3,050	5,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	825	195	630
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,420	2,845	4,570
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,965	1,110	860
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,015	470	545
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	115	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	80	45
40. Physical sciences	580	410	170
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,700	1,235	465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,400	1,075	325
25. Library science	75	15	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	125	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,955	7,155	800
04. Architecture and related services	180	85	95
14. Engineering	1,970	1,640	325
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,735	1,535	205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,600	1,520	75
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,350	1,310	40
48. Precision production	1,125	1,065	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,125	575	550
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	255	385
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	320	165
Health and related fields	6,785	1,665	5,120
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	460	255	205
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,015	1,265	4,755
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300	140	160
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,690	1,455	1,235
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,685	595	1,090
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	425	350	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	510	70
Other¹⁷⁹	90	30	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	57,310	28,440	28,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,585	8,545	7,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,720	19,895	21,825
Location of study inside Canada	37,680	17,745	19,935
Same as province or territory of residence	37,005	17,405	19,600
Different than province or territory of residence	675	340	335
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,040	2,150	1,890
Americas	915	465	455
United States of America	145	85	65
Mexico	125	70	60
Cuba	75	50	20
Haiti	30	10	15
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	60	30	30
Colombia	290	140	150
Peru	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	65	25	40
Other locations of study in Americas	110	45	65
Europe	1,605	940	665
Belgium	85	55	30
France	1,050	625	420
Germany	35	25	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	45	30	20
Ukraine	25	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	70	45
Italy	20	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	50	55
Africa	895	455	440
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	170	75	90
Morocco	210	115	95
Tunisia	115	55	60
Egypt	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	365	195	170
Asia	610	285	325
Iran⁸⁸	90	35	55
Iraq	30	10	20
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	25
Turkey	20	15	10
China⁹⁰	80	35	45
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15
Philippines	115	95	20
Viet Nam	20	0	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	55	20	30
Pakistan	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Asia	80	30	50
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,590	47,315	50,275
In the labour force	59,455	30,335	29,125
Employed	55,385	28,240	27,145
Unemployed	4,075	2,090	1,980
Not in the labour force	38,125	16,985	21,145
Participation rate	60.9	64.1	57.9
Employment rate	56.8	59.7	54.0
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.9	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,585	47,315	50,270
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,130	16,495	20,635
Worked	60,460	30,820	29,635
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,305	15,095	13,210
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,150	15,725	16,425
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,460	30,335	29,125
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,280	595	690
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,175	29,735	28,440
Employee	52,440	26,625	25,815
Permanent position	41,850	21,585	20,265
Temporary position	10,590	5,040	5,545
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,100	1,815	2,285
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,490	3,220	3,270
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,735	3,110	2,625
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,460	30,335	29,125
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,280	595	690
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,175	29,735	28,440
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	680	475	200
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,395	2,700	5,690
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,595	3,710	880
3 Health occupations	6,870	1,630	5,235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,195	3,050	6,145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,800	920	875
6 Sales and service occupations	14,860	7,050	7,810
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,505	6,910	595
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	770	620	150
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,510	2,665	845
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,460	30,335	29,125
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,280	595	690
All industries¹⁹¹	58,175	29,735	28,440
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	660	430	230
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	130	25
22 Utilities	175	135	35
23 Construction	2,835	2,500	340
31-33 Manufacturing	7,170	5,300	1,870
41 Wholesale trade	1,025	710	320
44-45 Retail trade	7,120	3,465	3,650
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,535	1,275	255
51 Information and cultural industries	975	615	360
52 Finance and insurance	1,335	550	785
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	430	310
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,610	2,680	1,930
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,110	1,260	855
61 Educational services	6,475	2,610	3,860
62 Health care and social assistance	11,440	2,720	8,720
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	485	395
72 Accommodation and food services	3,675	1,915	1,760
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,655	1,165	1,485
91 Public administration	2,580	1,335	1,245
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,330	32,780	31,555
English	1,655	1,000	660
French	48,230	23,880	24,345
Non-official language	80	50	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	50	35
English and French	13,710	7,520	6,195
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20
French and non-official language(s)	230	90	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	375	215	160
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,330	32,780	31,555
Single responses	62,685	31,820	30,865
Official languages	62,550	31,750	30,800
English	3,335	1,960	1,370
French	59,210	29,780	29,430
Non-official languages	140	75	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	75	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	60	35
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	10
Dari	10	0	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	60	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	85	60	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10
Chinese languages	15	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,645	955	690
English and French	1,555	910	645
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,330	32,780	31,555
None	51,565	25,860	25,705
English	10,610	5,725	4,890
French	1,635	930	700
Non-official language	195	95	100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	195	95	100
English and French	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	255	130	125
French and non-official language(s)	55	40	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,385	28,240	27,145
Worked at home	9,240	4,485	4,760
Worked outside Canada	60	55	0
No fixed workplace address	4,845	3,515	1,325
Usual place of work	41,235	20,180	21,055
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,235	20,180	21,055
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	34,405	16,040	18,365
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,765	4,095	2,670
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,075	23,700	22,380
Car, truck or van	38,775	20,135	18,640
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,430	19,035	17,400
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	1,105	1,245
Public transit	3,015	1,345	1,670
Walked	3,155	1,570	1,585
Bicycle	465	335	125
Other method	670	310	360
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,075	23,700	22,380
Less than 15 minutes	18,980	8,900	10,085
15 to 29 minutes	18,935	9,860	9,070
30 to 44 minutes	5,185	3,040	2,150
45 to 59 minutes	1,690	1,035	660
60 minutes and over	1,285	865	420
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,075	23,700	22,380
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,910	1,380	525
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,490	4,520	1,970
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,880	7,080	7,795
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,775	4,470	6,305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,260	1,950	2,310
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,765	4,290	3,475
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,470	10,675	9,795
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,710	1,380	1,330
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,760	9,295	8,465
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,905	7,740	7,165
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,045	1,040	1,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,595	800	795
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	235	210
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,865	6,705	6,160

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table