Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sorel-Tracy, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove		Sorel-TracyMore information: Quebec [Census agglomeration] Remove
	Counts	Rates	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	35,165	...	41,934	...
Population, 2016¹	34,755	...	41,629	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.2	1.2	0.7	0.7
Total private dwellings²	17,749	...	21,173	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,069	...	20,309	...
Population density per square kilometre	614.0	614.0	246.2	246.2
Land area in square kilometres	57.28	...	170.31	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	35,165	100.0	41,930	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,380	12.5	5,265	12.6
0 to 4 years	1,285	3.7	1,560	3.7
5 to 9 years	1,555	4.4	1,855	4.4
10 to 14 years	1,540	4.4	1,855	4.4
15 to 64 years	19,915	56.6	24,025	57.3
15 to 19 years	1,440	4.1	1,730	4.1
20 to 24 years	1,470	4.2	1,755	4.2
25 to 29 years	1,590	4.5	1,895	4.5
30 to 34 years	1,755	5.0	2,085	5.0
35 to 39 years	1,850	5.3	2,220	5.3
40 to 44 years	2,120	6.0	2,515	6.0
45 to 49 years	1,760	5.0	2,140	5.1
50 to 54 years	2,030	5.8	2,510	6.0
55 to 59 years	2,590	7.4	3,215	7.7
60 to 64 years	3,310	9.4	3,955	9.4
65 years and over	10,865	30.9	12,645	30.2
65 to 69 years	3,170	9.0	3,800	9.1
70 to 74 years	2,865	8.1	3,350	8.0
75 to 79 years	2,275	6.5	2,640	6.3
80 to 84 years	1,225	3.5	1,395	3.3
85 years and over	1,335	3.8	1,460	3.5
85 to 89 years	840	2.4	925	2.2
90 to 94 years	400	1.1	425	1.0
95 to 99 years	85	0.2	90	0.2
100 years and over	15	0.0	15	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	12.5	12.6	12.6
15 to 64 years	56.6	56.6	57.3	57.3
65 years and over	30.9	30.9	30.2	30.2
85 years and over	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.5
Average age of the population	48.8	48.8	48.6	48.6
Median age of the population	53.2	53.2	52.8	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,070	100.0	20,305	100.0
Single-detached house	8,985	52.6	11,330	55.8
Semi-detached house	975	5.7	1,105	5.4
Row house	375	2.2	375	1.8
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,430	8.4	1,770	8.7
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,045	29.6	5,430	26.7
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	0.9	150	0.7
Other single-attached house	80	0.5	95	0.5
Movable dwelling⁴	35	0.2	55	0.3
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
1 person	6,805	39.9	7,925	39.0
2 persons	6,620	38.8	7,900	38.9
3 persons	1,770	10.4	2,195	10.8
4 persons	1,295	7.6	1,600	7.9
5 or more persons	585	3.4	690	3.4
Number of persons in private households	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
Average household size	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	30,785	100.0	36,665	100.0
Married or living common-law	16,650	54.1	20,220	55.1
Married	8,985	29.2	10,790	29.4
Living common-law	7,670	24.9	9,435	25.7
Living common law - Never married	5,925	19.2	7,290	19.9
Living common law - Separated	65	0.2	80	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,415	4.6	1,760	4.8
Living common law - Widowed	260	0.8	305	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	14,135	45.9	16,440	44.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,705	28.3	10,255	28.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	355	1.2	405	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,515	8.2	2,910	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,555	8.3	2,875	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,825	100.0	11,865	100.0
2 persons	6,490	66.1	7,755	65.4
3 persons	1,635	16.6	2,035	17.2
4 persons	1,235	12.6	1,525	12.9
5 or more persons	470	4.8	555	4.7
Average size of census families	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,830	100.0	11,865	100.0
Total couple families	8,195	83.4	9,960	83.9
Married couples	4,360	44.4	5,245	44.2
With children⁶	1,055	10.7	1,290	10.9
Without children	3,310	33.7	3,955	33.3
Common-law couples	3,830	39.0	4,715	39.7
With children⁶	1,735	17.7	2,165	18.2
Without children	2,100	21.4	2,550	21.5
Total one-parent families	1,635	16.6	1,900	16.0
in which the parent is a woman+	1,190	12.1	1,370	11.5
in which the parent is a man+	445	4.5	530	4.5
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	33,710	100.0	40,460	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	25,345	75.2	30,675	75.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,390	48.6	19,925	49.2
Parents in one-parent families	1,635	4.9	1,905	4.7
Children⁶	7,325	21.7	8,845	21.9
In a two-parent family	4,970	14.7	6,095	15.1
In a one-parent family	2,350	7.0	2,750	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,365	24.8	9,785	24.2
Living alone	6,800	20.2	7,925	19.6
Living with other relatives⁷	655	1.9	790	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	915	2.7	1,070	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,070	100.0	20,305	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,310	54.5	11,240	55.4
Couple-family households	7,870	46.1	9,555	47.1
With children⁶	2,655	15.6	3,295	16.2
Without children	5,215	30.6	6,260	30.8
One-parent-family households	1,445	8.5	1,685	8.3
Multigenerational households⁸	155	0.9	185	0.9
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	0.1	30	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	260	1.5	310	1.5
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	520	3.0	615	3.0
One-person households	6,805	39.9	7,930	39.1
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	29,335	100.0	35,190	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,820	98.2	34,600	98.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800	36,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,820	98.2	34,600	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200	33,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,635	84.0	29,680	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	29,000	29,400	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,580	59.9	21,255	60.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800	35,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,700	84.2	29,510	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,700	13,700	13,500	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,105	10.6	3,775	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,400	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,625	22.6	8,035	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,500	6,500	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,815	98.2	34,590	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240	45,240	45,520	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,815	98.2	34,590	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,880	37,880	38,040	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,540	83.7	29,550	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	39,560	39,880	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,580	59.9	21,250	60.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,360	43,360	43,640	43,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,625	84.0	29,445	83.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,520	13,520	13,420	13,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,160	10.8	3,795	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	6,450	6,510	6,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,605	22.5	8,020	22.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,960	7,960	7,950	7,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	29,335	100.0	35,190	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,250	28.1	10,100	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	58,000	58,800	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,200	65,200	65,500	65,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,965	23.7	8,355	23.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	18,600	18,600	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320	27,320	27,280	27,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.4	74.4	74.8	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.5	58.5	58.9	58.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.6	25.6	25.1	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
Without total income	510	1.7	590	1.7
With total income	28,820	98.3	34,595	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,825	6.3	2,215	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,215	14.6	4,980	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,580	19.4	6,620	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,160	14.4	4,975	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,540	12.3	4,280	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,590	9.0	3,140	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,780	6.2	2,145	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,325	4.6	1,580	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,145	4.0	1,415	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	800	2.8	975	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,860	6.5	2,280	6.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,490	5.2	1,825	5.3
$150,000 and over	365	1.3	455	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
Without after-tax income	510	1.7	590	1.7
With after-tax income	28,820	98.3	34,595	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990	6.9	2,400	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	4,375	15.2	5,180	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,415	22.3	7,600	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,100	17.7	6,135	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	3,875	13.4	4,705	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,455	8.5	2,930	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,760	6.1	2,145	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	4.3	1,515	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	655	2.3	810	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	405	1.4	490	1.4
$100,000 and over	560	1.9	685	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	350	1.2	420	1.2
$125,000 and over	215	0.7	260	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
Without employment income	11,750	40.1	13,935	39.6
With employment income	17,580	59.9	21,255	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,585	14.7	3,030	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,325	7.5	1,630	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,155	12.3	2,595	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,830	10.4	2,205	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,795	10.2	2,180	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,675	9.5	2,030	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,375	7.8	1,655	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,060	6.0	1,295	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	865	4.9	1,040	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	860	4.9	1,085	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	600	3.4	720	3.4
$100,000 and over	1,460	8.3	1,790	8.4
$100,000 to $124,999	845	4.8	1,055	5.0
$125,000 and over	610	3.5	740	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	29,335	100.0	35,190	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,520	97.2	34,220	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000	34,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,540	97.3	34,235	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	30,800	31,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,330	82.9	29,310	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	29,800	30,200	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,735	60.5	21,465	61.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800	35,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,905	78.1	27,315	77.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	10,800	10,700	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,820	9.6	3,500	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,520	4,640	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,520	97.2	34,210	97.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200	43,720	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,535	97.3	34,230	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,120	36,120	36,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,305	82.9	29,240	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,320	40,320	40,920	40,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,725	60.4	21,410	60.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	43,760	44,320	44,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,715	77.4	27,090	77.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,130	11,130	11,060	11,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,925	10.0	3,565	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,100	6,100	6,235	6,235
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	29,335	100.0	35,190	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,220	28.0	10,070	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	54,400	55,200	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,800	62,800	63,500	63,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,575	22.4	7,890	22.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	22,400	22,400	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	32,160	32,120	32,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.4	79.4	80.0	80.0
Employment income (%)	62.9	62.9	63.4	63.4
Government transfers (%)	20.5	20.5	20.0	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,070	...	20,310	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	60,800	61,600	61,600
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	53,600	54,400	54,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,805	...	7,930	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	33,200	33,600	33,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400	30,400	30,800	30,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,270	...	12,385	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000	85,000	85,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	73,500	74,000	74,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,070	...	20,310	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,400	76,400	77,500	77,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,950	63,950	64,800	64,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,815	...	7,940	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800	41,800	42,480	42,480
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,680	35,680	36,120	36,120
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,260	...	12,375	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,300	99,300	100,000	100,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,700	82,700	83,200	83,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Under $5,000	80	0.5	90	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	135	0.8	150	0.7
$10,000 to $14,999	315	1.8	370	1.8
$15,000 to $19,999	570	3.3	640	3.2
$20,000 to $24,999	1,445	8.5	1,665	8.2
$25,000 to $29,999	850	5.0	980	4.8
$30,000 to $34,999	795	4.7	920	4.5
$35,000 to $39,999	925	5.4	1,075	5.3
$40,000 to $44,999	970	5.7	1,140	5.6
$45,000 to $49,999	895	5.2	1,080	5.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,490	8.7	1,785	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,310	7.7	1,560	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,150	6.7	1,385	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,030	6.0	1,230	6.1
$90,000 to $99,999	845	5.0	1,010	5.0
$100,000 and over	4,280	25.1	5,230	25.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	8.7	1,800	8.9
$125,000 to $149,999	1,070	6.3	1,295	6.4
$150,000 to $199,999	1,125	6.6	1,385	6.8
$200,000 and over	600	3.5	760	3.7
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Under $5,000	95	0.6	110	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	135	0.8	150	0.7
$10,000 to $14,999	320	1.9	385	1.9
$15,000 to $19,999	600	3.5	675	3.3
$20,000 to $24,999	1,510	8.8	1,745	8.6
$25,000 to $29,999	1,030	6.0	1,185	5.8
$30,000 to $34,999	935	5.5	1,095	5.4
$35,000 to $39,999	1,135	6.6	1,320	6.5
$40,000 to $44,999	1,085	6.4	1,305	6.4
$45,000 to $49,999	1,030	6.0	1,225	6.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,725	10.1	2,060	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540	9.0	1,840	9.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270	7.4	1,515	7.5
$80,000 to $89,999	950	5.6	1,145	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	785	4.6	935	4.6
$100,000 and over	2,930	17.2	3,615	17.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,370	8.0	1,685	8.3
$125,000 to $149,999	820	4.8	1,000	4.9
$150,000 and over	735	4.3	925	4.6
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,915	...	11,965	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	85,000	86,000	86,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	74,000	74,500	74,500
Average family size of economic families	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,240	...	6,305	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	74,000	74,000	74,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	65,500	65,000	65,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,800	...	3,480	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	132,000	132,000	132,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	110,000	110,000	110,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,590	...	1,855	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	62,800	62,800	62,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	57,200	57,200	57,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,715	...	8,995	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	32,800	32,800	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	29,800	30,200	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,870	...	11,930	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,900	99,900	100,600	100,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	83,000	83,600	83,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,250	...	6,310	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	87,000	86,800	86,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	72,400	72,400	72,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,825	...	3,520	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	140,800	142,200	142,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,900	114,900	115,600	115,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,560	...	1,805	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	69,800	69,700	69,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,300	61,300	61,250	61,250
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,785	...	9,040	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,840	40,840	41,400	41,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	35,000	35,360	35,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,245	15.6	6,305	15.6
0 to 5 years	1,610	4.8	1,935	4.8
18 to 64 years	18,685	55.4	22,605	55.9
65 years and over	9,780	29.0	11,545	28.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,085	...	5,940	...
0 to 17 years	580	...	690	...
0 to 5 years	190	...	230	...
18 to 64 years	2,420	...	2,815	...
65 years and over	2,090	...	2,440	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.1	15.1	14.7	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	11.0	10.9	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	11.9	12.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.9	12.9	12.5	12.5
65 years and over (%)	21.4	21.4	21.1	21.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	33,710	100.0	40,460	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,245	15.6	6,300	15.6
0 to 5 years	1,610	4.8	1,935	4.8
18 to 64 years	18,685	55.4	22,610	55.9
65 years and over	9,785	29.0	11,545	28.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,575	...	1,805	...
0 to 17 years	155	...	180	...
0 to 5 years	45	...	60	...
18 to 64 years	1,285	...	1,460	...
65 years and over	140	...	160	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	6.9	6.5	6.5
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	20,855	61.9	24,740	61.2
In bottom decile	4,215	12.5	4,905	12.1
In second decile	4,640	13.8	5,510	13.6
In third decile	4,375	13.0	5,230	12.9
In fourth decile	3,970	11.8	4,735	11.7
In fifth decile	3,650	10.8	4,355	10.8
In top half of the distribution	12,855	38.1	15,720	38.9
In sixth decile	3,355	10.0	4,045	10.0
In seventh decile	3,240	9.6	3,880	9.6
In eighth decile	2,770	8.2	3,430	8.5
In ninth decile	2,205	6.5	2,720	6.7
In top decile	1,290	3.8	1,640	4.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	33,710	33,710	40,460	40,460
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	0.308	0.309	0.309
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.468	0.468	0.468	0.468
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	0.264	0.265	0.265
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	34,535	100.0	41,300	100.0
English only	100	0.3	100	0.2
French only	24,550	71.1	29,570	71.6
English and French	9,845	28.5	11,590	28.1
Neither English nor French	35	0.1	40	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	34,535	100.0	41,300	100.0
English	440	1.3	495	1.2
French	33,920	98.2	40,615	98.3
English and French	140	0.4	155	0.4
Neither English nor French	35	0.1	40	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	34,535	100.0	41,300	100.0
Single responses	34,185	99.0	40,905	99.0
Official languages	33,595	97.3	40,255	97.5
English	375	1.1	425	1.0
French	33,220	96.2	39,825	96.4
Non-official languages	595	1.7	650	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0.0	5	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	585	1.7	645	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	0.3	115	0.3
Berber languages	20	0.1	20	0.0
Kabyle	20	0.1	20	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	0.2	85	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	85	0.2	85	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0.1	20	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.0	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0.1	20	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Merina	5	0.0	5	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0.0	10	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	20	0.1	25	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0.0	15	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	5	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	5	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	320	0.9	360	0.9
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	0.1	50	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	0.1	55	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	5	0.0	5	0.0
Russian	20	0.1	25	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	5	0.0
Bosnian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0.1	25	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	15	0.0	25	0.1
German	15	0.0	15	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	5	0.0	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	0.7	265	0.6
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	20	0.1	20	0.0
Portuguese	30	0.1	30	0.1
Romanian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Spanish	175	0.5	200	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0.1	20	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	5	0.0	5	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0	5	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0.1	35	0.1
Chinese languages	30	0.1	35	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	20	0.1	20	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0.1	30	0.1
Lao	20	0.1	25	0.1
Thai	5	0.0	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	5	0.0	5	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	350	1.0	395	1.0
English and French	240	0.7	285	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	15	0.0	15	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	0.2	75	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0	15	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	34,535	100.0	41,300	100.0
English	170	0.5	190	0.5
French	32,820	95.0	39,380	95.4
Non-official language	110	0.3	120	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	0.3	120	0.3
English and French	930	2.7	1,050	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	0.1	20	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	315	0.9	350	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	0.5	185	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	34,535	100.0	41,300	100.0
Single responses	34,185	99.0	40,910	99.1
Official languages	33,950	98.3	40,665	98.5
English	300	0.9	335	0.8
French	33,650	97.4	40,330	97.7
Non-official languages	235	0.7	240	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	0.7	240	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	0.1	45	0.1
Berber languages	10	0.0	10	0.0
Kabyle	10	0.0	10	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	0.1	30	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	30	0.1	30	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.0	10	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0.0	15	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	0.3	130	0.3
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	0.1	30	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	0.1	30	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	5	0.0	5	0.0
Russian	25	0.1	25	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	0.3	95	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	5	0.0	5	0.0
Portuguese	5	0.0	5	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	80	0.2	80	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0.0	15	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0.0	15	0.0
Lao	15	0.0	15	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	350	1.0	395	1.0
English and French	195	0.6	220	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	15	0.0	15	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	0.3	135	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	34,535	100.0	41,300	100.0
None	33,400	96.7	40,025	96.9
English	660	1.9	745	1.8
French	210	0.6	225	0.5
Non-official language	150	0.4	175	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	0.0	5	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	0.4	170	0.4
English and French	15	0.0	15	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	0.2	95	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.1	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0.0	5	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0	5	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
Official languages	33,685	99.9	40,430	99.9
English	9,865	29.3	11,740	29.0
French	33,645	99.8	40,380	99.8
Non-official languages	1,380	4.1	1,625	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,370	4.1	1,610	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	0.4	170	0.4
Berber languages	30	0.1	30	0.1
Kabyle	25	0.1	25	0.1
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	0.3	140	0.3
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	90	0.3	130	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	0.1	25	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	0.1	20	0.0
Merina	15	0.0	15	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	100	0.3	120	0.3
Haitian Creole	90	0.3	110	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	945	2.8	1,115	2.8
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	0.2	70	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	0.2	70	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian	60	0.2	60	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	0.1	30	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	0.2	80	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	60	0.2	80	0.2
German	60	0.2	80	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	10	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	825	2.4	975	2.4
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	95	0.3	110	0.3
Portuguese	50	0.1	65	0.2
Romanian	20	0.1	20	0.0
Spanish	695	2.1	830	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	45	0.1	45	0.1
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	0.2	75	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	10	0.0	10	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	10	0.0	10	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	10	0.0	10	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0.1	20	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	35	0.1	50	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	0.1	50	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	0.1	45	0.1
Chinese languages	40	0.1	45	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	35	0.1	35	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0.1	25	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0.1	30	0.1
Lao	25	0.1	25	0.1
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,710	100.0	40,460	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	475	1.4	570	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	415	1.2	500	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	295	0.9	330	0.8
Métis	100	0.3	140	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0.0	35	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0.0	20	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	0.1	50	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	33,240	98.6	39,890	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,710	100.0	40,460	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	0.4	145	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,585	99.6	40,315	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Owner	10,230	59.9	12,580	61.9
Renter	6,840	40.1	7,730	38.1
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Condominium	1,080	6.3	1,190	5.9
Not condominium	15,995	93.7	19,120	94.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
No bedrooms	55	0.3	55	0.3
1 bedroom	2,330	13.6	2,740	13.5
2 bedrooms	6,145	36.0	7,265	35.8
3 bedrooms	5,825	34.1	7,085	34.9
4 or more bedrooms	2,715	15.9	3,160	15.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	5,935	34.8	6,820	33.6
5 rooms	3,200	18.7	3,900	19.2
6 rooms	2,165	12.7	2,635	13.0
7 rooms	1,960	11.5	2,365	11.6
8 or more rooms	3,810	22.3	4,580	22.6
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
One person or fewer per room	17,055	99.9	20,295	99.9
More than one person per room	15	0.1	15	0.1
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Suitable	16,835	98.6	20,030	98.6
Not suitable	230	1.3	280	1.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
1960 or before	4,435	26.0	5,355	26.4
1961 to 1980	6,955	40.7	8,130	40.0
1981 to 1990	2,095	12.3	2,485	12.2
1991 to 2000	1,020	6.0	1,310	6.5
2001 to 2005	515	3.0	625	3.1
2006 to 2010	775	4.5	880	4.3
2011 to 2015	700	4.1	810	4.0
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	570	3.3	715	3.5
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,135	94.5	19,125	94.2
Major repairs needed	935	5.5	1,185	5.8
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
One-maintainer household	10,795	63.2	12,695	62.5
Two-maintainer household	6,090	35.7	7,385	36.4
Three-or-more-maintainer household	190	1.1	225	1.1
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
15 to 24 years	410	2.4	455	2.2
25 to 34 years	1,785	10.5	2,090	10.3
35 to 44 years	2,335	13.7	2,755	13.6
45 to 54 years	2,285	13.4	2,790	13.7
55 to 64 years	3,735	21.9	4,535	22.3
65 to 74 years	3,780	22.1	4,480	22.1
75 to 84 years	2,140	12.5	2,510	12.4
85 years and over	600	3.5	695	3.4
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,060	100.0	20,280	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,735	86.4	17,595	86.8
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,330	13.7	2,685	13.2
30% to less than 100%	2,225	13.0	2,565	12.6
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,070	100.0	20,310	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,265	19.1	3,855	19.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,125	12.4	2,415	11.9
Not suitable only	200	1.2	245	1.2
Major repairs needed only	715	4.2	895	4.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	0.1	10	0.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	1.1	260	1.3
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	0.1	20	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	13,805	80.9	16,455	81.0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,960	100.0	20,160	100.0
In core need	635	3.7	730	3.6
Not in core need	16,325	96.3	19,425	96.4
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,235	...	12,565	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.0	54.0	53.7	53.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	780	775	775
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	884	884	884	884
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	200,000	210,000	210,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	240,000	245,600	245,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,835	...	7,725	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	24.3	24.2	24.2
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	628	628	628
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	662	662	661	661
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	33,710	100.0	40,455	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	420	1.2	495	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	415	1.2	490	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	410	1.2	470	1.2
Métis single ancestry	0	0.0	10	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	650	1.9	810	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	645	1.9	800	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	610	1.8	730	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0.1	55	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0.0	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	32,640	96.8	39,155	96.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	33,320	98.8	40,025	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,255	15.6	6,320	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,065	83.2	33,710	83.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	395	1.2	435	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	32,670	96.9	39,275	97.1
Immigrants⁸¹	890	2.6	1,020	2.5
Before 1980	210	0.6	250	0.6
1980 to 1990	85	0.3	110	0.3
1991 to 2000	105	0.3	120	0.3
2001 to 2010	230	0.7	250	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	0.8	295	0.7
2011 to 2015	150	0.4	165	0.4
2016 to 2021	110	0.3	125	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	155	0.5	160	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	885	100.0	1,015	100.0
Under 5 years	100	11.3	115	11.3
5 to 14 years	175	19.8	185	18.2
15 to 24 years	170	19.2	200	19.7
25 to 44 years	365	41.2	435	42.9
45 years and over	80	9.0	85	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	885	100.0	1,015	100.0
Americas	245	27.7	285	28.1
Brazil	20	2.3	20	2.0
Colombia	10	1.1	10	1.0
El Salvador	10	1.1	15	1.5
Guyana	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	45	5.1	60	5.9
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	10	1.1	20	2.0
Peru	35	4.0	35	3.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0	0	0.0
United States of America	40	4.5	45	4.4
Other places of birth in Americas	65	7.3	75	7.4
Europe	290	32.8	335	33.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatia	0	0.0	0	0.0
France	175	19.8	200	19.7
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greece	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	10	1.1	15	1.5
Netherlands	0	0.0	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0	0	0.0
Portugal	0	0.0	10	1.0
Romania	20	2.3	20	2.0
Russian Federation	10	1.1	10	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	1.1	10	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	5.6	65	6.4
Africa	235	26.6	245	24.1
Algeria	20	2.3	25	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	10	1.0
Egypt	20	2.3	25	2.5
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	30	3.4	30	3.0
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	165	18.6	165	16.3
Asia	110	12.4	150	14.8
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	20	2.3	45	4.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	2.8	25	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	15	1.7	15	1.5
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	4.0	35	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	110	100.0	125	100.0
Americas	25	22.7	30	24.0
Brazil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0	0	0.0
United States of America	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0.0	0	0.0
Europe	30	27.3	30	24.0
France	25	22.7	25	20.0
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0	0	0.0
Africa	45	40.9	45	36.0
Algeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	22.7	25	20.0
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	9.1	10	8.0
Asia	15	13.6	25	20.0
Afghanistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	33,715	100.0	40,460	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,135	3.4	1,280	3.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,085	3.2	1,260	3.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,495	93.4	37,920	93.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	680	100.0	765	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	315	46.3	365	47.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	130	19.1	150	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	185	27.2	215	28.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	275	40.4	295	38.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75	11.0	90	11.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	2.2	15	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	680	100.0	765	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	8.1	70	9.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	7.4	50	6.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	2.2	15	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	4.4	30	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	2.2	20	2.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	515	75.7	580	75.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	33,710	100.0	40,460	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	830	2.5	930	2.3
South Asian	10	0.0	20	0.0
Chinese	60	0.2	60	0.1
Black	425	1.3	455	1.1
Filipino	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arab	70	0.2	90	0.2
Latin American	155	0.5	170	0.4
Southeast Asian	50	0.1	50	0.1
West Asian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	20	0.1	20	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0.1	25	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	0	0.0	20	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	32,885	97.6	39,525	97.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	33,715	100.0	40,455	100.0
Canadian	14,730	43.7	17,780	44.0
English	280	0.8	320	0.8
Irish	980	2.9	1,175	2.9
Scottish	325	1.0	385	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,260	21.5	8,835	21.8
German	410	1.2	480	1.2
Chinese	60	0.2	60	0.1
Italian	470	1.4	565	1.4
Indian (India)	90	0.3	110	0.3
Ukrainian	50	0.1	50	0.1
Dutch	30	0.1	35	0.1
Polish	40	0.1	40	0.1
Québécois	5,440	16.1	6,415	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	0.1	30	0.1
Filipino	0	0.0	0	0.0
French Canadian	3,300	9.8	4,095	10.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	775	2.3	880	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	440	1.3	490	1.2
Métis	40	0.1	85	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	320	0.9	405	1.0
Russian	55	0.2	55	0.1
Norwegian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Welsh	25	0.1	25	0.1
Portuguese	80	0.2	90	0.2
American	180	0.5	230	0.6
Spanish	225	0.7	235	0.6
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Acadian	175	0.5	225	0.6
Pakistani	0	0.0	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	0.1	45	0.1
Jewish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0.1	25	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0.0	10	0.0
Greek	25	0.1	30	0.1
Jamaican	20	0.1	20	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0.1	20	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0.0	10	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romanian	20	0.1	25	0.1
Lebanese	65	0.2	90	0.2
Iranian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	350	1.0	415	1.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	110	0.3	135	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austrian	20	0.1	20	0.0
Belgian	180	0.5	195	0.5
Haitian	165	0.5	195	0.5
Hindu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mexican	40	0.1	55	0.1
Mennonite	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss	50	0.1	55	0.1
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Japanese	20	0.1	20	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	0.1	60	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0.0	10	0.0
Muslim	0	0.0	0	0.0
Egyptian	30	0.1	30	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	0.1	45	0.1
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Moroccan	25	0.1	25	0.1
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syrian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0.0	10	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algerian	0	0.0	30	0.1
Brazilian	15	0.0	15	0.0
Nigerian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0.0	25	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquin	75	0.2	80	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
South African	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chilean	30	0.1	30	0.1
Congolese	10	0.0	15	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	0.1	20	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0.0	0	0.0
Peruvian	25	0.1	25	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber	0	0.0	0	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	0.1	30	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0.0	20	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0.0	10	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
African American	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0.0	10	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0.0	10	0.0
Cuban	40	0.1	50	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	75	0.2	80	0.2
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Laotian	20	0.1	20	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0	10	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	0.1	45	0.1
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dominican	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	30	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Abenaki	130	0.4	180	0.4
Moldovan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	0.3	85	0.2
New Zealander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Breton	25	0.1	55	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0.0	10	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gaspesian	40	0.1	40	0.1
Norman	50	0.1	50	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ivorian	35	0.1	35	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mayan	10	0.0	10	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0.0	15	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Basque	15	0.0	15	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Guinean	35	0.1	35	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maliseet	45	0.1	60	0.1
Beninese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy	35	0.1	40	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	33,710	100.0	40,460	100.0
Buddhist	55	0.2	55	0.1
Christian	25,230	74.8	30,550	75.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,235	3.7	1,525	3.8
Anabaptist	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anglican	30	0.1	35	0.1
Baptist	45	0.1	55	0.1
Catholic	23,560	69.9	28,530	70.5
Christian Orthodox	95	0.3	105	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	75	0.2	90	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lutheran	10	0.0	10	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	0.2	55	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Church	15	0.0	15	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	105	0.3	130	0.3
Hindu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jewish	10	0.0	10	0.0
Muslim	160	0.5	175	0.4
Sikh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	35	0.1	40	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	8,220	24.4	9,625	23.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	33,490	100.0	40,190	100.0
Non-movers	29,980	89.5	36,125	89.9
Movers	3,510	10.5	4,060	10.1
Non-migrants	2,100	6.3	2,335	5.8
Migrants	1,410	4.2	1,720	4.3
Internal migrants	1,370	4.1	1,680	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,345	4.0	1,650	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	25	0.1	25	0.1
External migrants	40	0.1	45	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	32,445	100.0	38,930	100.0
Non-movers	21,140	65.2	25,560	65.7
Movers	11,305	34.8	13,375	34.4
Non-migrants	5,585	17.2	5,945	15.3
Migrants	5,720	17.6	7,425	19.1
Internal migrants	5,510	17.0	7,190	18.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,440	16.8	7,110	18.3
Interprovincial migrants	70	0.2	80	0.2
External migrants	210	0.6	235	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,745	26.4	9,100	25.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,590	73.6	26,090	74.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,645	100.0	20,125	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,285	19.7	3,875	19.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,360	80.3	16,260	80.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,940	23.7	8,135	23.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,940	23.7	8,320	23.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,455	52.7	18,740	53.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,245	41.7	14,975	42.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,920	20.2	7,315	20.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,310	14.7	5,440	15.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,600	5.5	1,875	5.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,310	18.1	6,460	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,015	3.5	1,195	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,210	10.9	3,760	10.7
Bachelor's degree	2,300	7.8	2,670	7.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	1.0	375	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	0.3	105	0.3
Master's degree	465	1.6	540	1.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	0.2	75	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,640	100.0	20,130	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,795	16.8	3,285	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,105	18.7	3,795	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,740	64.5	13,050	64.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,405	50.5	10,330	51.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,230	25.4	5,250	26.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,130	18.8	3,980	19.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,095	6.6	1,275	6.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,615	21.7	4,375	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	565	3.4	700	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,335	14.0	2,725	13.5
Bachelor's degree	1,655	9.9	1,925	9.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	1.3	255	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	0.4	85	0.4
Master's degree	370	2.2	410	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	0.2	45	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,880	47.3	16,455	46.8
Education	1,185	4.0	1,405	4.0
13. Education	1,185	4.0	1,405	4.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	1.1	425	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	0.2	70	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	280	1.0	355	1.0
Humanities	610	2.1	735	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0.1	35	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0.1	15	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	1.4	510	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0.1	20	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	0.1	30	0.1
54. History	30	0.1	30	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	0.2	85	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	910	3.1	1,100	3.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0.0	0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	0.3	95	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	295	1.0	365	1.0
22. Legal professions and studies	130	0.4	160	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	0.2	65	0.2
42. Psychology	160	0.5	195	0.6
45. Social sciences	185	0.6	215	0.6
Business, management and public administration	3,240	11.0	3,810	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0.1	15	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	0.5	180	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,075	10.5	3,620	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	460	1.6	550	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	0.2	70	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	0.2	60	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0.2	85	0.2
40. Physical sciences	210	0.7	245	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	0.3	90	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	1.3	395	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	310	1.1	325	0.9
25. Library science	25	0.1	30	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	0.1	35	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,600	15.7	5,680	16.1
04. Architecture and related services	45	0.2	60	0.2
14. Engineering	420	1.4	465	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,075	3.7	1,340	3.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	940	3.2	1,155	3.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	995	3.4	1,300	3.7
48. Precision production	1,125	3.8	1,370	3.9
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	0.7	275	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	0.6	225	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	0.1	50	0.1
Health and related fields	2,255	7.7	2,730	7.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	0.3	110	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,135	7.3	2,590	7.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0.1	25	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,295	4.4	1,630	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675	2.3	880	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	330	1.1	385	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	1.0	360	1.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,640	100.0	20,130	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,905	35.5	7,080	35.2
Education	720	4.3	855	4.2
13. Education	720	4.3	855	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	1.7	365	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	0.2	60	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	240	1.4	305	1.5
Humanities	380	2.3	455	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0.1	20	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0.1	10	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	1.6	330	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0.0	0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0.1	10	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0.0	10	0.0
54. History	15	0.1	15	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0.3	60	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	680	4.1	820	4.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0.0	0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	0.3	55	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	255	1.5	320	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	85	0.5	105	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0.2	35	0.2
42. Psychology	130	0.8	145	0.7
45. Social sciences	125	0.8	145	0.7
Business, management and public administration	2,205	13.3	2,605	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	0.8	145	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,075	12.5	2,455	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	315	1.9	355	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	0.3	60	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	0.2	40	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	160	1.0	175	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	0.4	75	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290	1.7	310	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	1.6	265	1.3
25. Library science	20	0.1	30	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0.1	10	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,095	18.6	3,835	19.1
04. Architecture and related services	35	0.2	40	0.2
14. Engineering	325	2.0	360	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	750	4.5	950	4.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	595	3.6	730	3.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	705	4.2	910	4.5
48. Precision production	690	4.1	840	4.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165	1.0	210	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	0.8	170	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	0.2	40	0.2
Health and related fields	1,605	9.6	1,965	9.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	0.4	85	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,510	9.1	1,860	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0.1	20	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	995	6.0	1,270	6.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	525	3.2	680	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	1.4	295	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	1.4	295	1.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,640	100.0	20,130	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,905	35.5	7,080	35.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,735	64.5	13,050	64.8
Location of study inside Canada	10,480	63.0	12,775	63.5
Same as province or territory of residence	10,435	62.7	12,705	63.1
Different than province or territory of residence	50	0.3	60	0.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	255	1.5	280	1.4
Americas	60	0.4	60	0.3
United States of America	10	0.1	10	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cuba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haiti	10	0.1	10	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0	0	0.0
Brazil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Colombia	10	0.1	10	0.0
Peru	0	0.0	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0.1	20	0.1
Europe	125	0.8	135	0.7
Belgium	0	0.0	0	0.0
France	70	0.4	80	0.4
Germany	0	0.0	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romania	15	0.1	15	0.1
Russian Federation	10	0.1	10	0.0
Ukraine	25	0.2	25	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0.0	0	0.0
Africa	50	0.3	55	0.3
Nigeria	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algeria	10	0.1	10	0.0
Morocco	10	0.1	10	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	0.2	35	0.2
Asia	20	0.1	30	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0	0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0	0	0.0
Philippines	0	0.0	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0	0	0.0
India	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	29,330	...	35,190	...
In the labour force	15,595	...	18,855	...
Employed	14,395	...	17,405	...
Unemployed	1,205	...	1,445	...
Not in the labour force	13,735	...	16,335	...
Participation rate	53.2	53.2	53.6	53.6
Employment rate	49.1	49.1	49.5	49.5
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	29,330	100.0	35,190	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,755	46.9	16,285	46.3
Worked	15,575	53.1	18,900	53.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,420	28.7	10,300	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,155	24.4	8,600	24.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,595	100.0	18,855	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	455	2.9	525	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,140	97.1	18,330	97.2
Employee	13,770	88.3	16,575	87.9
Permanent position	11,785	75.6	14,180	75.2
Temporary position	1,975	12.7	2,395	12.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	580	3.7	685	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,400	9.0	1,705	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,375	8.8	1,755	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,595	100.0	18,855	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	455	2.9	525	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,140	97.1	18,330	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230	1.5	275	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,975	12.7	2,365	12.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	845	5.4	1,000	5.3
3 Health occupations	1,565	10.0	1,855	9.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,730	11.1	2,090	11.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	270	1.7	310	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	3,915	25.1	4,640	24.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,190	20.5	4,000	21.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	220	1.4	325	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,200	7.7	1,465	7.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,595	100.0	18,855	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	455	2.9	525	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	15,140	97.1	18,330	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	95	0.6	165	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	1.1	200	1.1
22 Utilities	170	1.1	195	1.0
23 Construction	1,055	6.8	1,310	6.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,720	17.4	3,350	17.8
41 Wholesale trade	460	2.9	580	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	2,025	13.0	2,325	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	645	4.1	790	4.2
51 Information and cultural industries	150	1.0	160	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	405	2.6	500	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	135	0.9	145	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	560	3.6	660	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.1	15	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	570	3.7	715	3.8
61 Educational services	915	5.9	1,135	6.0
62 Health care and social assistance	2,750	17.6	3,255	17.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	0.9	185	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	855	5.5	1,025	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	705	4.5	885	4.7
91 Public administration	600	3.8	735	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,550	100.0	20,020	100.0
English	115	0.7	125	0.6
French	14,875	89.9	18,145	90.6
Non-official language	10	0.1	10	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0.1	10	0.0
English and French	1,490	9.0	1,670	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.1	15	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0.3	45	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,550	100.0	20,020	100.0
Single responses	16,355	98.8	19,805	98.9
Official languages	16,350	98.8	19,795	98.9
English	250	1.5	280	1.4
French	16,100	97.3	19,515	97.5
Non-official languages	10	0.1	10	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0.1	10	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Albanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Catalan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Spanish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple responses	195	1.2	210	1.0
English and French	185	1.1	205	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.1	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,550	100.0	20,020	100.0
None	15,185	91.8	18,490	92.4
English	1,170	7.1	1,320	6.6
French	135	0.8	150	0.7
Non-official language	20	0.1	20	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	0.1	20	0.1
English and French	0	0.0	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	0.2	35	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,395	100.0	17,405	100.0
Worked at home	1,560	10.8	1,860	10.7
Worked outside Canada	15	0.1	15	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,260	8.8	1,540	8.8
Usual place of work	11,565	80.3	13,995	80.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,560	100.0	13,995	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,975	69.0	8,175	58.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	770	6.7	2,515	18.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,805	24.3	3,295	23.5
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0.1	10	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,820	100.0	15,530	100.0
Car, truck or van	11,575	90.3	14,110	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,025	86.0	13,475	86.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	555	4.3	640	4.1
Public transit	155	1.2	170	1.1
Walked	745	5.8	845	5.4
Bicycle	130	1.0	155	1.0
Other method	215	1.7	245	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,820	100.0	15,530	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,515	58.6	8,785	56.6
15 to 29 minutes	2,720	21.2	3,680	23.7
30 to 44 minutes	780	6.1	940	6.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,000	7.8	1,170	7.5
60 minutes and over	805	6.3	965	6.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,820	100.0	15,530	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	885	6.9	1,105	7.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,435	19.0	2,965	19.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,040	31.5	4,970	32.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,445	19.1	2,915	18.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,085	8.5	1,300	8.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,930	15.1	2,285	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,355	100.0	6,430	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	6.7	405	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,995	93.3	6,020	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,970	100.0	4,750	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	265	6.7	295	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	5.0	215	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	1.6	85	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,705	93.3	4,455	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 21, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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