Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Squamish-Lillooet, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	50,496	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,665	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	18.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	26,330	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	20,012	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16,296.34	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	50,495	26,130	24,365
0 to 14 years	8,000	4,145	3,850
0 to 4 years	2,575	1,345	1,225
5 to 9 years	2,675	1,370	1,310
10 to 14 years	2,750	1,430	1,315
15 to 64 years	36,385	18,900	17,480
15 to 19 years	2,320	1,260	1,055
20 to 24 years	2,620	1,385	1,235
25 to 29 years	4,170	2,180	1,990
30 to 34 years	5,020	2,590	2,430
35 to 39 years	5,035	2,555	2,480
40 to 44 years	4,390	2,250	2,135
45 to 49 years	3,955	2,045	1,910
50 to 54 years	3,325	1,780	1,550
55 to 59 years	2,955	1,480	1,475
60 to 64 years	2,600	1,375	1,225
65 years and over	6,115	3,085	3,035
65 to 69 years	2,250	1,115	1,135
70 to 74 years	1,730	905	830
75 to 79 years	1,070	600	470
80 to 84 years	575	270	305
85 years and over	490	195	295
85 to 89 years	325	135	190
90 to 94 years	115	45	70
95 to 99 years	40	15	25
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	15.9	15.8
15 to 64 years	72.1	72.3	71.7
65 years and over	12.1	11.8	12.5
85 years and over	1.0	0.7	1.2
Average age of the population	38.8	38.6	39.0
Median age of the population	38.0	38.0	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	20,010	...	...
Single-detached house	8,635	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,390	...	...
Row house	3,360	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,800	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	655	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	675	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	20,015	...	...
1 person	5,235	...	...
2 persons	6,975	...	...
3 persons	3,335	...	...
4 persons	2,925	...	...
5 or more persons	1,545	...	...
Number of persons in private households	49,615	25,615	24,000
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	42,500	21,985	20,515
Married or living common-law	24,765	12,410	12,355
Married	16,655	8,355	8,305
Living common-law	8,105	4,055	4,050
Living common law - Never married	6,985	3,525	3,465
Living common law - Separated	185	85	105
Living common law - Divorced	865	425	445
Living common law - Widowed	70	25	45
Not married and not living common-law	17,735	9,575	8,160
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,410	7,790	5,620
Not married and not living common law - Separated	960	450	505
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,150	1,030	1,115
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,220	300	915
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,680	...	...
2 persons	7,435	...	...
3 persons	2,870	...	...
4 persons	2,655	...	...
5 or more persons	715	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,675	...	...
Total couple families	12,050	...	...
Married couples	7,995	...	...
With children⁶	4,435	...	...
Without children	3,565	...	...
Common-law couples	4,055	...	...
With children⁶	1,180	...	...
Without children	2,880	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,625	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,180	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	445	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	49,615	25,615	24,000
Total - Persons in census families	37,830	19,025	18,810
Married spouses or common-law partners	24,100	12,035	12,060
Parents in one-parent families	1,630	445	1,185
Children⁶	12,105	6,545	5,560
In a two-parent family	9,680	5,200	4,475
In a one-parent family	2,430	1,345	1,085
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,780	6,590	5,190
Living alone	5,235	2,820	2,420
Living with other relatives⁷	1,075	500	580
Living with non-relatives only	5,465	3,270	2,195
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	20,015	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,225	...	...
Couple-family households	10,040	...	...
With children⁶	4,800	...	...
Without children	5,240	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,185	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	445	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	275	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,165	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,660	...	...
One-person households	5,235	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	41,640	21,480	20,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,740	21,020	19,720
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,780	21,045	19,735
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,800	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,060	19,760	18,300
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,395	17,505	15,890
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,800	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,535	15,790	16,750
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,300	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,055	2,455	2,600
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,080	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,355	7,100	7,255
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	41,640	21,480	20,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,760	21,010	19,745
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,250	67,000	51,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,805	21,050	19,755
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	53,900	43,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,030	19,740	18,295
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	63,600	45,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,395	17,385	16,015
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,350	59,750	42,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,550	15,875	16,675
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,600	10,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,825	2,330	2,505
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,965	6,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,035	7,040	6,995
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,950	8,580	9,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	41,640	21,480	20,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,260	8,125	6,135
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	72,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	85,800	67,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,455	7,495	7,960
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	25,400	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,080	36,080	28,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.2	89.2	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	73.8	67.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.8	10.8	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.0	7.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.3	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	41,635	21,480	20,160
Without total income	900	455	440
With total income	40,740	21,025	19,720
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,305	1,610	1,695
$10,000 to $19,999	3,575	1,640	1,930
$20,000 to $29,999	5,320	2,335	2,985
$30,000 to $39,999	5,315	2,385	2,930
$40,000 to $49,999	4,870	2,370	2,500
$50,000 to $59,999	4,155	2,095	2,060
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	1,645	1,405
$70,000 to $79,999	2,465	1,430	1,035
$80,000 to $89,999	1,870	1,055	820
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	870	630
$100,000 and over	5,310	3,585	1,730
$100,000 to $149,999	3,425	2,240	1,190
$150,000 and over	1,890	1,345	545
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	41,635	21,480	20,160
Without after-tax income	855	430	420
With after-tax income	40,785	21,050	19,735
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,515	1,705	1,815
$10,000 to $19,999	3,735	1,720	2,020
$20,000 to $29,999	6,265	2,785	3,475
$30,000 to $39,999	6,325	2,975	3,355
$40,000 to $49,999	5,575	2,795	2,780
$50,000 to $59,999	4,200	2,200	2,000
$60,000 to $69,999	3,100	1,745	1,350
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275	1,295	980
$80,000 to $89,999	1,580	965	615
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	720	405
$100,000 and over	3,090	2,140	945
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	1,040	505
$125,000 and over	1,550	1,100	445
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	41,635	21,480	20,160
Without employment income	8,245	3,975	4,265
With employment income	33,395	17,505	15,890
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,855	1,830	2,030
$5,000 to $9,999	2,525	1,135	1,395
$10,000 to $19,999	4,040	1,830	2,210
$20,000 to $29,999	3,460	1,575	1,890
$30,000 to $39,999	3,475	1,695	1,785
$40,000 to $49,999	2,985	1,510	1,480
$50,000 to $59,999	2,605	1,380	1,230
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130	1,185	950
$70,000 to $79,999	1,780	1,085	695
$80,000 to $89,999	1,445	835	610
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	715	470
$100,000 and over	3,890	2,735	1,160
$100,000 to $124,999	1,675	1,110	565
$125,000 and over	2,215	1,625	595
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	41,640	21,480	20,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,755	20,445	19,310
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,830	20,475	19,355
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,505	19,430	18,075
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,400	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,520	17,485	16,035
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,630	11,005	13,625
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,740	1,660	3,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,235	1,540	1,695
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,320	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	41,640	21,480	20,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,770	20,430	19,340
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	65,300	49,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,845	20,455	19,390
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	52,500	41,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,410	19,340	18,080
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,750	65,200	47,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,390	17,275	16,115
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,250	60,400	43,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,445	10,960	13,480
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,830	6,660	6,970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,140	1,505	1,640
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	6,200	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	41,640	21,480	20,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,030	8,020	6,010
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	69,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,300	82,000	64,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,565	7,030	7,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	34,000	27,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,720	42,920	34,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.8	94.6	90.2
Employment income (%)	76.2	78.2	73.2
Government transfers (%)	7.3	5.5	9.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	20,015	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,235	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,780	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	20,015	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,230	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,780	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	20,015	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	355	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	490	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	535	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	595	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,225	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,200	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,895	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,550	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,990	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,700	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,650	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	20,015	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	380	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	570	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	550	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	690	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	660	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	720	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,400	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,450	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,470	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,390	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,185	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,650	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,975	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,560	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,530	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,020	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,610	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,495	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,705	6,090	4,610
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	44,000	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,545	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,030	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,610	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,480	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,655	6,090	4,575
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,050	54,850	50,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,240	44,800	43,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	49,610	25,615	23,995
0 to 17 years	9,395	4,895	4,505
0 to 5 years	3,100	1,610	1,495
18 to 64 years	34,375	17,760	16,620
65 years and over	5,840	2,960	2,880
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,195	2,110	2,085
0 to 17 years	885	455	430
0 to 5 years	295	160	140
18 to 64 years	2,570	1,315	1,255
65 years and over	740	335	400
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.2	8.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.3	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5	9.8	9.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.4	7.5
65 years and over (%)	12.7	11.4	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	46,365	23,925	22,440
0 to 17 years	8,685	4,520	4,160
0 to 5 years	2,900	1,500	1,395
18 to 64 years	32,260	16,650	15,610
65 years and over	5,420	2,750	2,665
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,680	920	765
0 to 17 years	270	145	125
0 to 5 years	85	45	40
18 to 64 years	1,305	720	585
65 years and over	110	55	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.3	3.7
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.0	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	49,610	25,615	24,000
In bottom half of the distribution	21,920	11,305	10,620
In bottom decile	4,795	2,570	2,230
In second decile	4,180	2,015	2,165
In third decile	4,220	2,150	2,070
In fourth decile	4,280	2,265	2,020
In fifth decile	4,445	2,300	2,145
In top half of the distribution	27,695	14,315	13,375
In sixth decile	4,800	2,495	2,305
In seventh decile	4,985	2,550	2,430
In eighth decile	5,600	2,910	2,690
In ninth decile	5,985	3,060	2,925
In top decile	6,320	3,295	3,025
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	49,615	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.336	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	50,385	26,090	24,290
English only	43,420	22,805	20,610
French only	30	15	15
English and French	6,615	3,120	3,495
Neither English nor French	315	145	165
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	50,385	26,090	24,290
English	48,170	24,960	23,205
French	1,735	915	820
English and French	175	75	95
Neither English nor French	310	145	165
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	50,385	26,090	24,290
Single responses	49,155	25,475	23,675
Official languages	42,900	22,550	20,350
English	41,150	21,630	19,520
French	1,745	925	825
Non-official languages	6,250	2,925	3,330
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	45	45
Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	70	35	30
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	65	35	35
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,165	2,880	3,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	65	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	65	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	95	60	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	700	295	405
Bikol	10	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Cebuano	40	20	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5
Ilocano	30	15	20
Indonesian	15	5	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	580	245	335
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	20
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,150	2,030	2,120
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	820	360	460
Baltic languages	25	10	15
Latvian	15	5	15
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	795	355	440
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	10
Czech	275	125	150
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	180	75	105
Russian	125	50	70
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	10	35
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10
Serbian	30	10	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	115	65	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	895	420	465
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	600	285	320
German	555	260	295
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	45	20	25
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	85	75
Afrikaans	25	15	10
Dutch	125	65	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75
Danish	40	20	15
Icelandic	5	5	0
Norwegian	25	10	15
Swedish	70	20	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390	720	670
Indo-Aryan languages	1,315	675	640
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5
Hindi	80	55	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,200	600	605
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	40	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	70	40	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	35	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,005	510	500
Catalan	20	10	5
Italian	125	65	55
Portuguese	140	60	85
Romanian	45	20	25
Spanish	670	350	325
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	470	170	300
Korean	205	100	100
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	125	185
Chinese languages	310	125	185
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	65	85
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	55	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	25	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	85	35	50
Estonian	5	5	5
Finnish	20	10	15
Hungarian	55	20	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,230	620	615
English and French	395	215	180
English and non-official language(s)	715	340	380
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	50,385	26,090	24,290
English	42,500	22,270	20,230
French	460	230	225
Non-official language	1,645	810	830
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous	1,620	805	815
English and French	1,365	700	660
English and non-official language(s)	4,145	1,955	2,190
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	95	125
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	50,385	26,090	24,290
Single responses	49,450	25,645	23,800
Official languages	46,415	24,155	22,260
English	45,695	23,775	21,920
French	725	380	340
Non-official languages	3,030	1,485	1,545
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20
Algonquian languages	0	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	30	15	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	30	10	15
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,000	1,470	1,525
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	415	195	225
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	5
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	165	195
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,955	960	990
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	140	145
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	280	135	140
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	100	50	45
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	20	35
Russian	60	35	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	50	30	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	130	55	75
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	30	40
German	75	30	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	15	5	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,090	540	555
Indo-Aryan languages	1,045	515	530
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	35	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	985	480	500
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	440	215	225
Catalan	10	5	5
Italian	25	10	10
Portuguese	55	30	25
Romanian	25	10	10
Spanish	330	165	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	250	120	130
Korean	155	85	70
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	60	60
Chinese languages	120	60	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	935	445	485
English and French	225	110	115
English and non-official language(s)	685	325	365
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	50,385	26,090	24,290
None	45,435	23,720	21,715
English	1,460	735	730
French	910	465	445
Non-official language	2,120	960	1,155
Indigenous³⁹	140	45	90
Non-Indigenous	1,975	915	1,065
English and French	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	125	65	65
French and non-official language(s)	140	55	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	170	85	85
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	49,615	25,615	24,000
Official languages	49,345	25,490	23,855
English	49,325	25,480	23,845
French	6,620	3,190	3,425
Non-official languages	9,700	4,500	5,200
Indigenous languages³⁹	625	275	350
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	555	250	305
Halkomelem	15	10	10
Lillooet	490	230	260
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	0	0
Squamish	35	15	25
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	0	20
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	0	20
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous languages	9,095	4,230	4,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	155	80
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	155	80
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	215	140	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	875	355	520
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Cebuano	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0
Ilocano	45	0	40
Indonesian	20	10	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	830	335	500
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	25	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	15	0
Tamil	10	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,470	3,040	3,430
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,070	425	645
Baltic languages	40	10	35
Latvian	30	0	25
Lithuanian	10	0	0
Slavic languages	1,035	415	620
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	0	30
Czech	355	150	205
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	260	90	165
Russian	280	130	155
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	25	50
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	10
Serbian	55	20	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	150	70	85
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	30	25
Irish	25	10	15
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0
Welsh	25	15	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,635	820	815
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,145	600	545
German	1,110	575	535
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	75	45	35
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	220	170
Afrikaans	175	85	85
Dutch	205	125	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0
Scandinavian languages	195	65	130
Danish	40	20	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	20	25
Swedish	150	45	110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	35	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	795	755
Indo-Aryan languages	1,480	765	720
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0
Hindi	350	195	155
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,335	665	670
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	35	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	35	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	25	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,360	1,040	1,320
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	265	130	135
Portuguese	190	80	105
Romanian	45	25	20
Spanish	1,965	835	1,130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Japanese	650	290	355
Korean	205	95	115
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	25	55
American Sign Language	65	20	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	170	215
Chinese languages	390	170	215
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	190	95	95
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	90	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	35
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	60	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	150	90	60
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	20	15	0
Hungarian	120	70	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	49,615	25,615	24,000
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,990	2,525	2,465
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,870	2,475	2,390
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,230	2,205	2,025
Métis	630	265	365
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	35	60
Non-Indigenous identity	44,625	23,090	21,535
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	49,615	25,615	24,000
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,940	2,050	1,890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,670	23,565	22,110
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	20,015	...	...
Owner	13,095	...	...
Renter	6,295	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	20,015	...	...
Condominium	5,235	...	...
Not condominium	14,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	20,015	...	...
No bedrooms	280	...	...
1 bedroom	3,105	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,790	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,945	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	20,015	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,355	...	...
5 rooms	3,355	...	...
6 rooms	2,850	...	...
7 rooms	2,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,315	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	20,015	...	...
One person or fewer per room	19,470	...	...
More than one person per room	545	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	20,015	...	...
Suitable	18,770	...	...
Not suitable	1,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	20,015	...	...
1960 or before	790	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,015	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,055	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,070	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,460	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,035	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,180	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	20,015	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,385	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	20,015	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,770	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,420	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	20,015	...	...
15 to 24 years	480	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,550	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,895	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,115	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,260	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,480	...	...
75 to 84 years	995	...	...
85 years and over	230	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,735	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,625	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	20,015	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,975	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,470	...	...
Not suitable only	870	...	...
Major repairs needed only	910	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	255	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,035	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,160	...	...
In core need	1,960	...	...
Not in core need	16,195	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,050	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,182,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,190	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,856	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	620	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	398	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	49,615	25,615	24,000
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,230	1,650	1,580
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,220	1,645	1,570
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,100	1,600	1,500
Métis single ancestry	110	40	75
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,995	1,015	985
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,965	995	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,510	785	730
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	450	210	240
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,390	22,950	21,435
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	49,615	25,615	24,000
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,415	22,375	21,040
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,935	4,625	4,310
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,485	17,755	16,730
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,200	3,240	2,960
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	49,615	25,615	24,000
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	37,640	19,525	18,110
Immigrants⁸¹	9,710	4,780	4,930
Before 1980	1,710	920	795
1980 to 1990	655	285	370
1991 to 2000	1,340	630	705
2001 to 2010	1,765	800	965
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,245	2,150	2,095
2011 to 2015	1,780	880	895
2016 to 2021	2,460	1,265	1,190
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,270	1,310	960
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,705	4,780	4,930
Under 5 years	735	325	415
5 to 14 years	1,210	680	530
15 to 24 years	1,445	690	755
25 to 44 years	5,715	2,810	2,905
45 years and over	605	285	325
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,705	4,780	4,930
Americas	1,265	545	715
Brazil	70	30	45
Colombia	30	20	0
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	10	10
Mexico	145	40	105
Peru	25	0	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	795	350	445
Other places of birth in Americas	160	80	80
Europe	4,410	2,310	2,105
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20
Croatia	10	0	0
France	160	95	60
Germany	350	165	190
Greece	15	0	0
Hungary	60	30	25
Italy	90	65	20
Netherlands	145	80	65
Poland	155	60	90
Portugal	15	10	0
Romania	55	30	20
Russian Federation	120	60	65
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0
Ukraine	35	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,270	1,235	1,040
Other places of birth in Europe	900	425	470
Africa	310	170	135
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	25	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0
Morocco	25	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	115	50	65
Other places of birth in Africa	125	85	40
Asia	2,665	1,150	1,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	55	35	20
Iraq	15	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	130	60	70
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	15	60
Korea, South⁹²	105	50	55
Taiwan	30	10	20
Philippines	815	345	470
Viet Nam	30	20	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	885	430	450
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	465	145	315
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,055	605	455
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,460	1,265	1,195
Americas	340	145	190
Brazil	20	0	15
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	15
United States of America	245	105	135
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20
Europe	1,150	605	540
France	40	25	15
Germany	45	20	25
Ireland⁹⁶	35	10	25
Italy	15	10	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	760	445	320
Other places of birth in Europe	225	90	135
Africa	95	65	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	45	10
Asia	400	160	235
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	10
India	125	60	60
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	45	10	40
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	115	45	70
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	485	290	195
Australia	420	250	175
Other places of birth⁹⁸	65	40	20
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	49,615	25,615	24,000
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,870	6,585	6,285
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,440	4,860	4,580
Third generation or more¹⁰²	27,305	14,170	13,135
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,000	3,865	4,135
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,040	2,595	2,450
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,035	1,785	1,250
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,005	810	1,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,675	1,120	1,550
Refugees¹⁰⁸	235	125	110
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	25	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,000	3,865	4,135
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	50	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,470	1,710	1,765
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	155	60	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	545	235	310
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,740	1,800	1,935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	49,615	25,615	24,000
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,875	2,670	3,205
South Asian	1,725	870	850
Chinese	635	230	405
Black	350	190	155
Filipino	1,085	450	635
Arab	170	105	65
Latin American	530	225	305
Southeast Asian	210	110	105
West Asian	80	50	35
Korean	210	105	105
Japanese	680	265	415
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	10	25
Multiple visible minorities	165	65	100
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	43,745	22,945	20,795
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	49,615	25,615	23,995
Canadian	6,365	3,430	2,935
English	12,465	6,585	5,885
Irish	8,180	4,075	4,110
Scottish	9,760	5,045	4,715
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,155	2,110	2,045
German	5,555	2,635	2,920
Chinese	640	210	430
Italian	1,995	990	1,010
Indian (India)	1,030	520	510
Ukrainian	1,740	875	865
Dutch	2,080	1,075	1,005
Polish	1,640	780	855
Québécois	110	55	55
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,020	1,600	1,415
Filipino	1,040	425	615
French Canadian	495	255	240
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,480	815	665
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,330	1,260	1,075
Métis	610	270	340
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,695	860	840
Russian	1,020	520	500
Norwegian	1,435	705	725
Welsh	1,230	565	670
Portuguese	325	160	155
American	765	345	415
Spanish	555	255	295
Swedish	1,210	480	725
Hungarian	655	340	320
Acadian	115	55	60
Pakistani	25	10	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	60	20
Jewish	380	175	200
Punjabi	405	205	200
Vietnamese	75	35	40
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	115	75	45
Greek	200	115	80
Jamaican	125	55	65
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	75	90
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	195	60	135
Korean	230	115	115
Romanian	210	80	130
Lebanese	75	30	45
Iranian	50	30	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35	15	15
Danish	610	355	250
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	270	130	140
Sikh	360	175	190
Austrian	640	335	305
Belgian	270	140	125
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	30	10
Mexican	295	140	155
Mennonite	215	130	85
Swiss	565	295	275
Finnish	380	185	195
Sri Lankan	40	20	25
Croatian	170	85	85
Japanese	670	275	395
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	105	45	60
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	45	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	160	240
Muslim	50	25	25
Egyptian	80	40	40
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	55	45
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	215	105	110
Colombian	70	40	30
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	570	235	330
Syrian	60	40	20
Guyanese	10	0	10
Afghan	20	0	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0
Serbian	75	20	55
Ojibway	15	10	10
Newfoundlander	45	25	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	90	60	35
Persian	30	20	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	15
Turkish	40	15	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	10
Brazilian	95	40	55
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	65	35	35
Slovak	175	75	105
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	35	70
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	20	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	20	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	15	25
Algonquin	15	15	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10
Lithuanian	90	55	35
South African	145	65	85
Australian	1,205	670	535
Palestinian	10	10	0
Chilean	105	40	65
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	35	20	10
Macedonian	15	15	0
Slovenian	60	15	50
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	55	45
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	10	0	0
Israeli	30	15	10
Mohawk	25	10	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	75	45	25
Bulgarian	35	15	20
Albertan	30	15	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0
African American	50	15	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	30	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	15	40
Cuban	25	15	10
Bosnian	30	15	15
Venezuelan	10	0	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	80	50	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	0	10
Indonesian	50	30	20
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	60	25	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	40	35
British Columbian	265	150	120
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	50	20	30
Estonian	90	40	55
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	25	15	15
Jatt	60	25	35
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	60	25	35
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	15	15	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	20	10
New Zealander	350	165	180
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	15	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	20	15	0
Saskatchewanian	30	30	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	25	25	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	20	10	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	10	20
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	25	10	10
Kenyan	35	20	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	0	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	40	10	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0
Sicilian	15	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	35	30	0
Burmese	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	50	25	20
Uruguayan	10	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	49,610	25,615	24,000
Buddhist	160	65	100
Christian	11,240	5,305	5,935
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,395	1,125	1,270
Anabaptist	70	40	25
Anglican	1,215	515	695
Baptist	215	75	140
Catholic	4,505	2,275	2,230
Christian Orthodox	235	105	130
Jehovah's Witness	165	60	105
Latter Day Saints	20	20	0
Lutheran	325	175	150
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	30	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	120	50	70
Presbyterian	180	50	130
Reformed	20	15	10
United Church	1,060	430	630
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	675	325	350
Hindu	125	75	50
Jewish	310	160	150
Muslim	250	150	100
Sikh	1,290	630	660
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	510	250	260
Other religions and spiritual traditions	730	285	445
No religion and secular perspectives	34,995	18,695	16,300
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	49,140	25,385	23,755
Non-movers	40,140	20,830	19,315
Movers	9,000	4,560	4,445
Non-migrants	4,435	2,310	2,125
Migrants	4,565	2,245	2,320
Internal migrants	3,845	1,860	1,990
Intraprovincial migrants	2,855	1,375	1,475
Interprovincial migrants	995	485	510
External migrants	720	390	330
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	47,105	24,325	22,780
Non-movers	23,235	12,055	11,185
Movers	23,865	12,270	11,595
Non-migrants	8,340	4,340	4,005
Migrants	15,525	7,930	7,595
Internal migrants	11,990	6,015	5,970
Intraprovincial migrants	8,695	4,395	4,305
Interprovincial migrants	3,295	1,625	1,665
External migrants	3,535	1,915	1,620
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,640	21,480	20,160
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,590	2,650	1,940
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,045	18,825	18,220
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,050	15,865	15,185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,050	1,245	805
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	29,005	14,620	14,380
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,640	21,480	20,155
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,900	2,195	1,705
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,690	6,540	5,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,050	12,745	13,305
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,900	6,880	6,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,845	3,055	780
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,600	1,045	555
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240	2,010	230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,260	3,135	4,125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,795	685	1,115
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,150	5,865	7,285
Bachelor's degree	8,845	4,110	4,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	995	355	630
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	135	110
Master's degree	2,740	1,080	1,660
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325	180	145
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,050	15,865	15,180
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,610	965	650
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,730	4,445	3,285
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,710	10,460	11,250
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,400	5,585	4,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,080	2,455	620
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,325	865	465
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,755	1,595	160
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,885	2,555	3,330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,435	570	865
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,305	4,870	6,440
Bachelor's degree	7,695	3,535	4,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	265	515
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	70	100
Master's degree	2,390	860	1,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	145	130
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,635	21,480	20,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,590	8,735	6,855
Education	1,605	305	1,300
13. Education	1,605	305	1,300
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,255	495	760
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	445	750
Humanities	1,275	510	760
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	40	80
23. English language and literature/letters	325	85	235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	180	275
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	25	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	65	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	15
54. History	130	75	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,270	1,185	2,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	35	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490	140	350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	330	25	310
22. Legal professions and studies	475	175	295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	45
42. Psychology	475	80	390
45. Social sciences	1,370	715	660
Business, management and public administration	5,405	2,320	3,085
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	55	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,175	2,265	2,910
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	665	700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	565	205	355
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	95	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	20
40. Physical sciences	470	335	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	750	485	270
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	590	400	190
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	80	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,015	4,450	565
04. Architecture and related services	290	170	120
14. Engineering	1,190	920	270
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	655	575	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,575	1,540	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	880	865	15
48. Precision production	415	385	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,000	580	420
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	195	170
03. Natural resources and conservation	635	385	250
Health and related fields	3,675	900	2,775
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	900	450	450
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,710	425	2,290
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	20	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,435	850	585
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	905	435	470
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	195	150	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	270	65
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,055	15,870	15,185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,340	5,405	3,935
Education	1,120	215	905
13. Education	1,120	215	905
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,120	430	685
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	385	680
Humanities	1,070	435	635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	30	65
23. English language and literature/letters	300	85	210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370	145	225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	60	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	0
54. History	110	65	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,840	1,010	1,820
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	30	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	130	320
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	30	275
22. Legal professions and studies	360	110	250
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	45
42. Psychology	395	75	325
45. Social sciences	1,210	635	570
Business, management and public administration	4,585	1,910	2,675
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	45	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,380	1,865	2,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,160	545	620
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	185	325
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	60	145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20
40. Physical sciences	400	270	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	415	245
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	525	350	170
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,045	3,530	515
04. Architecture and related services	265	145	120
14. Engineering	1,045	790	255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	500	435	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,285	1,255	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	640	625	15
48. Precision production	310	285	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855	455	395
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	145	160
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	310	235
Health and related fields	3,025	755	2,270
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	815	415	400
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,180	335	1,850
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,225	750	480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	790	395	395
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	170	125	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	235	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,055	15,870	15,185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,340	5,405	3,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,710	10,455	11,255
Location of study inside Canada	15,580	7,495	8,090
Same as province or territory of residence	9,675	4,565	5,110
Different than province or territory of residence	5,905	2,925	2,980
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,130	2,960	3,165
Americas	1,105	430	675
United States of America	850	325	525
Mexico	90	30	60
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	50	20	25
Colombia	20	15	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	100	40	60
Europe	2,760	1,420	1,345
Belgium	25	20	0
France	135	85	55
Germany	130	50	75
Netherlands	35	10	25
Switzerland	20	15	0
Hungary	20	10	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	40	15	25
Romania	20	15	0
Russian Federation	65	30	35
Ukraine	15	15	0
Ireland⁹⁶	135	70	60
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,720	925	800
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	390	155	230
Africa	190	125	60
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	20	20	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	95	40	55
Other locations of study in Africa	55	55	0
Asia	955	375	580
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25
Taiwan	15	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	195	50	150
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	40
Philippines	390	150	240
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	175	90	85
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	20
Oceania	1,115	615	500
Australia	940	525	410
New Zealand	175	90	80
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	41,640	21,480	20,155
In the labour force	31,130	16,540	14,595
Employed	27,915	14,750	13,165
Unemployed	3,215	1,790	1,430
Not in the labour force	10,505	4,940	5,565
Participation rate	74.8	77.0	72.4
Employment rate	67.0	68.7	65.3
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	41,635	21,480	20,160
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,510	4,955	5,555
Worked	31,130	16,525	14,600
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,810	8,540	6,270
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,320	7,985	8,335
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.2	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	31,135	16,540	14,595
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315	165	145
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,820	16,370	14,450
Employee	24,285	12,605	11,675
Permanent position	19,960	10,395	9,565
Temporary position	4,325	2,215	2,110
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,190	605	580
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,135	1,605	1,535
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,535	3,765	2,775
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	31,135	16,540	14,595
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315	165	145
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,820	16,370	14,450
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	510	365	145
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,525	1,260	3,265
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,185	1,550	630
3 Health occupations	1,805	330	1,475
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,945	910	2,030
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,665	830	830
6 Sales and service occupations	9,525	4,365	5,155
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,925	5,445	480
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,120	780	330
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	620	520	110
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	31,135	16,540	14,595
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	315	165	145
All industries¹⁹¹	30,820	16,370	14,450
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	640	405	235
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	205	175	30
22 Utilities	180	130	50
23 Construction	3,675	3,300	375
31-33 Manufacturing	895	565	330
41 Wholesale trade	440	280	160
44-45 Retail trade	3,210	1,620	1,585
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	950	690	260
51 Information and cultural industries	675	390	285
52 Finance and insurance	645	315	325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	895	400	495
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,020	1,600	1,425
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	25	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,490	790	700
61 Educational services	1,780	625	1,155
62 Health care and social assistance	2,790	405	2,390
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,460	805	655
72 Accommodation and food services	4,795	2,505	2,290
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,225	490	735
91 Public administration	1,815	855	960
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	33,405	17,675	15,730
English	32,070	17,075	14,990
French	75	0	70
Non-official language	50	15	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	30
English and French	590	265	320
English and non-official language(s)	600	300	300
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	33,405	17,675	15,730
Single responses	33,330	17,650	15,675
Official languages	33,185	17,570	15,615
English	33,005	17,505	15,505
French	180	65	110
Non-official languages	145	80	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	35	40
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	25
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	25
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	25
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	15
Korean	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	25	50
English and French	40	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	33,405	17,675	15,730
None	32,260	17,120	15,135
English	190	115	75
French	460	195	260
Non-official language	455	210	245
Indigenous³⁹	25	0	30
Non-Indigenous	430	215	220
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	27,915	14,755	13,165
Worked at home	6,620	3,070	3,545
Worked outside Canada	85	35	50
No fixed workplace address	5,050	3,740	1,315
Usual place of work	16,160	7,910	8,250
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,155	7,905	8,250
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,785	5,070	5,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,000	1,465	1,545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,265	1,285	985
Commute to a different province or territory	110	90	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	21,210	11,645	9,565
Car, truck or van	16,920	9,615	7,310
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,615	9,055	6,560
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,305	555	745
Public transit	905	365	535
Walked	1,750	760	990
Bicycle	1,075	630	445
Other method	560	275	285
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	21,210	11,645	9,565
Less than 15 minutes	10,630	5,305	5,325
15 to 29 minutes	4,645	2,525	2,120
30 to 44 minutes	2,200	1,375	825
45 to 59 minutes	1,785	1,115	670
60 minutes and over	1,945	1,330	620
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	21,210	11,645	9,565
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,155	880	275
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,995	1,975	1,015
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,485	3,290	2,195
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,545	2,515	3,030
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,580	1,520	2,055
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,455	1,465	990
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,540	4,985	4,555
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	575	520
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,450	4,410	4,040
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,780	3,550	3,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	790	410	380
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	250	230
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	160	145
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,990	3,140	2,860

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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