Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SudburyMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	92,093
Population, 2016¹	88,155^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5
Total private dwellings²	44,970
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,857
Population density per square kilometre	1,215.1
Land area in square kilometres	75.79
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,085
0 to 14 years	13,455
0 to 4 years	4,030
5 to 9 years	4,720
10 to 14 years	4,700
15 to 64 years	59,135
15 to 19 years	4,680
20 to 24 years	6,820
25 to 29 years	6,875
30 to 34 years	6,000
35 to 39 years	5,570
40 to 44 years	5,285
45 to 49 years	5,285
50 to 54 years	5,540
55 to 59 years	6,640
60 to 64 years	6,440
65 years and over	19,500
65 to 69 years	5,565
70 to 74 years	4,775
75 to 79 years	3,435
80 to 84 years	2,715
85 years and over	3,010
85 to 89 years	1,820
90 to 94 years	895
95 to 99 years	255
100 years and over	45
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6
15 to 64 years	64.2
65 years and over	21.2
85 years and over	3.3
Average age of the population	43.1
Median age of the population	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,860
Single-detached house	19,290
Semi-detached house	2,210
Row house	2,350
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,435
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,845
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,630
Other single-attached house	90
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,855
1 person	15,440
2 persons	14,390
3 persons	5,615
4 persons	4,365
5 or more persons	2,050
Number of persons in private households	89,690
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	78,635
Married or living common-law	39,340
Married	29,220
Living common-law	10,120
Living common law - Never married	7,520
Living common law - Separated	570
Living common law - Divorced	1,760
Living common law - Widowed	265
Not married and not living common-law	39,290
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,710
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,075
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,465
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,040
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,540
2 persons	14,050
3 persons	5,105
4 persons	3,910
5 or more persons	1,475
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,540
Total couple families	19,160
Married couples	14,105
With children⁶	6,585
Without children	7,520
Common-law couples	5,060
With children⁶	1,825
Without children	3,235
Total one-parent families	5,375
in which the parent is a woman+	4,225
in which the parent is a man+	1,150
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,690
Total - Persons in census families	66,970
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,330
Parents in one-parent families	5,375
Children⁶	23,265
In a two-parent family	14,965
In a one-parent family	8,300
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,720
Living alone	15,435
Living with other relatives⁷	2,045
Living with non-relatives only	5,235
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,855
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,275
Couple-family households	17,750
With children⁶	7,820
Without children	9,930
One-parent-family households	4,530
Multigenerational households⁸	645
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,065
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,300
One-person households	15,440
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	76,255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,820
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,865
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,975
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,720
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,640
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,385
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	76,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,805
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,865
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,980
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,720
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,555
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,210
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,330
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	76,230
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,690
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	76,255
Without total income	2,440
With total income	73,815
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,945
$10,000 to $19,999	8,815
$20,000 to $29,999	11,225
$30,000 to $39,999	9,820
$40,000 to $49,999	8,825
$50,000 to $59,999	7,240
$60,000 to $69,999	5,535
$70,000 to $79,999	4,110
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365
$100,000 and over	7,985
$100,000 to $149,999	5,770
$150,000 and over	2,215
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	76,255
Without after-tax income	2,385
With after-tax income	73,870
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,240
$10,000 to $19,999	9,145
$20,000 to $29,999	12,775
$30,000 to $39,999	11,760
$40,000 to $49,999	10,110
$50,000 to $59,999	7,595
$60,000 to $69,999	5,195
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045
$90,000 to $99,999	1,810
$100,000 and over	3,575
$100,000 to $124,999	2,050
$125,000 and over	1,530
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	76,255
Without employment income	24,535
With employment income	51,720
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,025
$5,000 to $9,999	3,920
$10,000 to $19,999	6,005
$20,000 to $29,999	4,820
$30,000 to $39,999	4,620
$40,000 to $49,999	4,525
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095
$60,000 to $69,999	3,320
$70,000 to $79,999	2,540
$80,000 to $89,999	1,965
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850
$100,000 and over	6,030
$100,000 to $124,999	3,160
$125,000 and over	2,870
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	76,255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,705
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,730
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,445
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,085
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,160
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,960
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	76,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,645
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,680
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,365
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,025
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,060
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,805
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	76,230
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,600
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,425
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2
Employment income (%)	66.6
Government transfers (%)	14.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,855
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,440
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,415
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,905
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,510
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,395
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,860
Under $5,000	380
$5,000 to $9,999	280
$10,000 to $14,999	855
$15,000 to $19,999	1,165
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875
$25,000 to $29,999	1,810
$30,000 to $34,999	1,680
$35,000 to $39,999	1,780
$40,000 to $44,999	1,870
$45,000 to $49,999	1,715
$50,000 to $59,999	3,455
$60,000 to $69,999	3,195
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800
$80,000 to $89,999	2,475
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125
$100,000 and over	14,395
$100,000 to $124,999	4,390
$125,000 to $149,999	3,055
$150,000 to $199,999	3,660
$200,000 and over	3,290
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,860
Under $5,000	415
$5,000 to $9,999	295
$10,000 to $14,999	870
$15,000 to $19,999	1,205
$20,000 to $24,999	1,970
$25,000 to $29,999	2,165
$30,000 to $34,999	1,960
$35,000 to $39,999	2,050
$40,000 to $44,999	2,205
$45,000 to $49,999	1,980
$50,000 to $59,999	3,965
$60,000 to $69,999	3,505
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320
$100,000 and over	11,185
$100,000 to $124,999	4,245
$125,000 to $149,999	2,775
$150,000 and over	4,165
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,655
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,150
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,505
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,155
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,675
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,660
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,200
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,445
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,155
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,595
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,685
0 to 17 years	16,055
0 to 5 years	4,990
18 to 64 years	55,815
65 years and over	17,820
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,380
0 to 17 years	2,555
0 to 5 years	955
18 to 64 years	6,690
65 years and over	2,140
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	89,690
0 to 17 years	16,060
0 to 5 years	4,990
18 to 64 years	55,810
65 years and over	17,820
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,110
0 to 17 years	735
0 to 5 years	240
18 to 64 years	4,105
65 years and over	270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4
65 years and over (%)	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,685
In bottom half of the distribution	46,450
In bottom decile	10,885
In second decile	9,595
In third decile	9,130
In fourth decile	8,595
In fifth decile	8,240
In top half of the distribution	43,235
In sixth decile	8,120
In seventh decile	8,505
In eighth decile	8,830
In ninth decile	9,450
In top decile	8,335
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,690
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.335
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.458
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,525
English only	61,270
French only	760
English and French	28,160
Neither English nor French	335
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,525
English	73,710
French	15,885
English and French	625
Neither English nor French	305
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,525
Single responses	86,380
Official languages	77,840
English	61,895
French	15,945
Non-official languages	8,540
Indigenous languages³⁹	135
Algonquian languages	130
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	40
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	40
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	75
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,405
Afro-Asiatic languages	370
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	360
Amharic	5
Arabic	350
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	145
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	220
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	30
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	30
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	375
Kannada	10
Malayalam	260
Tamil	55
Telugu	55
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,610
Albanian	5
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	915
Baltic languages	45
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	870
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	35
Macedonian	5
Polish	250
Russian	90
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	235
Bosnian	5
Croatian	165
Serbian	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	200
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	440
Frisian	0
High German languages	320
German	305
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100
Afrikaans	50
Dutch	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	115
Indo-Iranian languages	1,675
Indo-Aryan languages	1,575
Assamese	0
Bengali	55
Gujarati	430
Hindi	255
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	25
Nepali	130
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	465
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	180
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	105
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	85
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	75
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,430
Catalan	0
Italian	1,575
Portuguese	240
Romanian	30
Spanish	580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	105
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	375
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	30
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	35
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520
Chinese languages	520
Hakka	0
Mandarin	335
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	555
Estonian	15
Finnish	475
Hungarian	65
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,145
English and French	2,640
English and non-official language(s)	1,255
French and non-official language(s)	110
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,525
English	69,555
French	4,835
Non-official language	1,900
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	1,880
English and French	7,710
English and non-official language(s)	5,685
French and non-official language(s)	155
English, French and non-official language(s)	545
Multiple non-official languages	145
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,525
Single responses	87,605
Official languages	83,800
English	77,085
French	6,715
Non-official languages	3,810
Indigenous languages³⁹	35
Algonquian languages	30
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,775
Afro-Asiatic languages	125
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	115
Amharic	0
Arabic	115
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	95
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	125
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	250
Kannada	5
Malayalam	185
Tamil	25
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,480
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	230
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	230
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	60
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	70
Bosnian	0
Croatian	40
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	40
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	1,170
Indo-Aryan languages	1,095
Assamese	0
Bengali	35
Gujarati	335
Hindi	165
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	85
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	70
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	60
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	60
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	985
Catalan	0
Italian	490
Portuguese	125
Romanian	10
Spanish	355
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	70
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	90
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	365
Chinese languages	365
Hakka	0
Mandarin	260
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	95
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	110
Estonian	0
Finnish	90
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,920
English and French	1,565
English and non-official language(s)	1,220
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,525
None	78,860
English	3,145
French	4,545
Non-official language	2,970
Indigenous³⁹	245
Non-Indigenous	2,725
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	360
French and non-official language(s)	245
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	340
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,545
Official languages	89,220
English	88,480
French	28,615
Non-official languages	12,670
Indigenous languages³⁹	495
Algonquian languages	495
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	75
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	75
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	430
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	10
Ojibway languages	420
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	55
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	30
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	365
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,190
Afro-Asiatic languages	515
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	30
Hausa	30
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	485
Amharic	0
Arabic	460
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	195
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	355
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	65
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	190
Haitian Creole	115
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	545
Kannada	25
Malayalam	355
Tamil	110
Telugu	120
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,035
Albanian	0
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,025
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	85
Macedonian	10
Polish	320
Russian	120
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	260
Bosnian	40
Croatian	190
Serbian	80
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	275
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	35
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	770
Frisian	0
High German languages	500
German	500
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210
Afrikaans	130
Dutch	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	65
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	160
Indo-Iranian languages	2,285
Indo-Aryan languages	2,130
Assamese	0
Bengali	80
Gujarati	630
Hindi	1,290
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	35
Nepali	125
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	775
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50
Urdu	245
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	175
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	35
Persian languages	135
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,895
Catalan	0
Italian	2,310
Portuguese	350
Romanian	0
Spanish	1,390
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	105
Korean	100
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,065
Akan (Twi)	45
Bamanankan	15
Edo	15
Éwé	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	50
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	65
Luba-Kasai	25
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	100
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15
Swahili	120
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	75
Yoruba	385
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	175
Nilo-Saharan languages	20
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	195
American Sign Language	175
Quebec Sign Language	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	690
Chinese languages	665
Hakka	0
Mandarin	470
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	20
Yue (Cantonese)	245
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	10
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	610
Estonian	15
Finnish	535
Hungarian	65
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,550
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,535
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,330
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,020
Métis	4,240
Inuk (Inuit)	75
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85
Non-Indigenous identity	80,010
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,550
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,670
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,875
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,900
Owner	21,635
Renter	20,265
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,900
Condominium	1,100
Not condominium	40,805
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,900
No bedrooms	330
1 bedroom	7,485
2 bedrooms	11,380
3 bedrooms	13,955
4 or more bedrooms	8,755
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,900
1 to 4 rooms	14,160
5 rooms	6,530
6 rooms	5,610
7 rooms	4,935
8 or more rooms	10,675
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,900
One person or fewer per room	41,400
More than one person per room	500
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,900
Suitable	40,415
Not suitable	1,485
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,900
1960 or before	13,895
1961 to 1980	15,270
1981 to 1990	4,930
1991 to 2000	3,485
2001 to 2005	1,110
2006 to 2010	1,165
2011 to 2015	1,220
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	830
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,900
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,800
Major repairs needed	3,100
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,900
One-maintainer household	24,480
Two-maintainer household	16,015
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,410
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,900
15 to 24 years	2,210
25 to 34 years	6,325
35 to 44 years	6,265
45 to 54 years	6,505
55 to 64 years	8,110
65 to 74 years	6,680
75 to 84 years	4,090
85 years and over	1,715
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,700
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,895
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,810
30% to less than 100%	8,200
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,900
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,180
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,790
Not suitable only	1,120
Major repairs needed only	2,075
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	825
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	175
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
Acceptable housing	29,720
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,100
In core need	4,270
Not in core need	36,830
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,640
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,366
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	389,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,265
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,035
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,545
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,005
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,955
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,935
Métis single ancestry	985
Inuit single ancestry	30
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,335
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,180
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,465
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,675
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	155
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,205
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,545
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,860
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,940
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,920
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,680
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,545
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,530
Immigrants⁸¹	7,620
Before 1980	3,005
1980 to 1990	490
1991 to 2000	655
2001 to 2010	1,035
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,440
2011 to 2015	940
2016 to 2021	1,505
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,390
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,620
Under 5 years	1,015
5 to 14 years	1,450
15 to 24 years	1,900
25 to 44 years	2,965
45 years and over	300
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,620
Americas	975
Brazil	30
Colombia	20
El Salvador	20
Guyana	20
Haiti	90
Jamaica	130
Mexico	35
Peru	40
Trinidad and Tobago	25
United States of America	335
Other places of birth in Americas	230
Europe	3,225
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60
Croatia	75
France	50
Germany	265
Greece	100
Hungary	25
Italy	1,030
Netherlands	50
Poland	150
Portugal	95
Romania	0
Russian Federation	25
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	620
Other places of birth in Europe	625
Africa	1,230
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70
Egypt	35
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	10
Nigeria	160
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	90
Other places of birth in Africa	840
Asia	2,150
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	80
Iraq	15
Lebanon	40
Syria⁸⁹	60
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	290
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
Korea, South⁹²	45
Taiwan	0
Philippines	215
Viet Nam	110
Bangladesh	40
India	725
Pakistan	180
Sri Lanka	60
Other places of birth in Asia	240
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,505
Americas	225
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	0
United States of America	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110
Europe	50
France	0
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Other places of birth in Europe	20
Africa	585
Algeria	0
Burundi	30
Cameroon	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Côte d'Ivoire	215
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	115
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	40
Sudan⁹⁷	40
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105
Asia	625
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	315
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	40
Philippines	85
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,550
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,455
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,600
Third generation or more¹⁰²	67,490
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,615
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,515
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,100
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,415
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,355
Refugees¹⁰⁸	615
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,615
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	355
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	545
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	510
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,970
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,550
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,570
South Asian	2,880
Chinese	860
Black	3,590
Filipino	350
Arab	320
Latin American	625
Southeast Asian	305
West Asian	135
Korean	125
Japanese	65
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95
Multiple visible minorities	210
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,975
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,545
Canadian	13,995
English	14,400
Irish	16,320
Scottish	13,585
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,910
German	6,650
Chinese	940
Italian	8,575
Indian (India)	1,735
Ukrainian	4,275
Dutch	1,910
Polish	3,115
Québécois	595
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,280
Filipino	375
French Canadian	5,415
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,565
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,395
Métis	3,840
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,020
Russian	610
Norwegian	565
Welsh	1,115
Portuguese	500
American	680
Spanish	475
Swedish	795
Hungarian	560
Acadian	610
Pakistani	240
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	830
Jewish	205
Punjabi	225
Vietnamese	165
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190
Greek	360
Jamaican	450
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	375
Korean	115
Romanian	235
Lebanese	265
Iranian	140
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285
Danish	255
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,210
Sikh	115
Austrian	485
Belgian	305
Haitian	115
Hindu	310
Mexican	175
Mennonite	50
Swiss	185
Finnish	3,605
Sri Lankan	50
Croatian	640
Japanese	75
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	220
Muslim	50
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	110
Tamil	55
Icelandic	115
Colombian	75
Moroccan	35
Czech	285
Syrian	75
Guyanese	50
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165
Serbian	160
Ojibway	1,335
Newfoundlander	330
Hong Konger	25
Ontarian	765
Persian	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60
Turkish	45
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95
Bangladeshi	65
Algerian	40
Brazilian	75
Nigerian	315
Armenian	40
Slovak	200
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90
Somali	35
Taiwanese	10
Iraqi	20
Salvadorean	30
African Caribbean	50
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80
Algonquin	440
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40
Lithuanian	230
South African	110
Australian	100
Palestinian	25
Chilean	110
Congolese	85
Nova Scotian	125
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35
Peruvian	45
Yoruba	315
Cambodian (Khmer)	15
Berber	20
Albanian	0
Maltese	70
Macedonian	60
Slovenian	135
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75
New Brunswicker	65
Gujarati	95
Eritrean	10
African Canadian	65
Israeli	0
Mohawk	180
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175
Bulgarian	35
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	60
Barbadian	30
African American	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15
Cuban	15
Bosnian	30
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15
Latvian	125
Bengali	20
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	15
Indonesian	105
Laotian	15
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45
British Columbian	20
Ecuadorian	20
Franco Ontarian	725
Argentinian	0
Estonian	105
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90
Coptic	0
Thai	35
Dominican	75
Nepali	70
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	85
Byelorussian	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	70
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	25
Breton	20
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	10
Buddhist	20
Gaspesian	0
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10
Ivorian	175
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	280
Burundian	125
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	10
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	30
Oji-Cree	15
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	25
Rwandan	55
Grenadian	10
Malayali	25
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	20
Mayan	15
Honduran	60
Cherokee	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	30
United Empire Loyalist	25
Senegalese	30
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	10
Malay	0
Goan	20
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	50
Burmese	0
Mongolian	20
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	10
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	15
Prince Edward Islander	15
Maliseet	10
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	15
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	60
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,550
Buddhist	260
Christian	54,345
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,220
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	2,540
Baptist	830
Catholic	38,330
Christian Orthodox	580
Jehovah's Witness	290
Latter Day Saints	120
Lutheran	1,020
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,205
Presbyterian	565
Reformed	15
United Church	3,095
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,435
Hindu	1,300
Jewish	165
Muslim	1,410
Sikh	530
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	280
Other religions and spiritual traditions	595
No religion and secular perspectives	30,665
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,800
Non-movers	77,450
Movers	11,345
Non-migrants	8,135
Migrants	3,215
Internal migrants	2,680
Intraprovincial migrants	2,255
Interprovincial migrants	425
External migrants	535
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,640
Non-movers	49,885
Movers	35,755
Non-migrants	22,470
Migrants	13,285
Internal migrants	9,095
Intraprovincial migrants	7,535
Interprovincial migrants	1,560
External migrants	4,190
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,230
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,760
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,480
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,975
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,190
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,790
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,175
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,680
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,245
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,070
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,235
Bachelor's degree	11,870
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465
Master's degree	3,080
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	690
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,975
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,390
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,280
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,435
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,965
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	690
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,925
Bachelor's degree	8,670
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	855
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360
Master's degree	2,515
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	515
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,550
Education	2,385
13. Education	2,385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175
50. Visual and performing arts	905
Humanities	1,915
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185
23. English language and literature/letters	355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	325
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,225
22. Legal professions and studies	955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140
42. Psychology	895
45. Social sciences	1,485
Business, management and public administration	8,055
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,590
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	815
41. Science technologies/technicians	155
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,355
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,050
25. Library science	110
27. Mathematics and statistics	140
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,435
04. Architecture and related services	215
14. Engineering	1,770
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,825
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,475
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,180
48. Precision production	965
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295
03. Natural resources and conservation	350
Health and related fields	7,790
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,920
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,585
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	775
49. Transportation and materials moving	455
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,775
Education	1,510
13. Education	1,510
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	815
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130
50. Visual and performing arts	685
Humanities	1,200
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110
23. English language and literature/letters	210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110
39. Theology and religious vocations	65
54. History	240
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955
22. Legal professions and studies	740
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115
42. Psychology	660
45. Social sciences	1,080
Business, management and public administration	5,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,805
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,505
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	610
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	995
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825
25. Library science	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	90
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,700
04. Architecture and related services	165
14. Engineering	1,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,080
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	925
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,490
48. Precision production	640
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	255
Health and related fields	5,775
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,050
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	615
49. Transportation and materials moving	355
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,200
Location of study inside Canada	28,380
Same as province or territory of residence	27,075
Different than province or territory of residence	1,305
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,825
Americas	690
United States of America	390
Mexico	30
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Brazil	40
Colombia	65
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	130
Europe	385
Belgium	15
France	50
Germany	20
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	10
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	20
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Italy	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	35
Africa	580
Nigeria	235
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	25
South Africa, Republic of	65
Other locations of study in Africa	250
Asia	1,055
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	60
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	15
Korea, South⁹²	30
Philippines	95
Viet Nam	35
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	620
Pakistan	65
Other locations of study in Asia	95
Oceania	110
Australia	100
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	76,235
In the labour force	45,780
Employed	40,400
Unemployed	5,375
Not in the labour force	30,455
Participation rate	60.1
Employment rate	53.0
Unemployment rate	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	76,235
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,195
Worked	45,040
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,325
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,710
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,775
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,515
Employee	40,485
Permanent position	33,305
Temporary position	7,180
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,210
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,970
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,035
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,775
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,515
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	355
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,980
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,395
3 Health occupations	4,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,755
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	980
6 Sales and service occupations	12,250
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,010
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,445
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	800
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,775
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265
All industries¹⁹¹	44,515
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	155
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,745
22 Utilities	210
23 Construction	3,060
31-33 Manufacturing	1,680
41 Wholesale trade	1,185
44-45 Retail trade	5,975
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,705
51 Information and cultural industries	640
52 Finance and insurance	1,225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	695
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,015
61 Educational services	3,920
62 Health care and social assistance	7,410
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	620
72 Accommodation and food services	2,885
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,615
91 Public administration	4,040
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,730
English	41,115
French	1,120
Non-official language	70
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	70
English and French	5,965
English and non-official language(s)	375
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,730
Single responses	47,915
Official languages	47,815
English	46,050
French	1,765
Non-official languages	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	35
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	820
English and French	765
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,730
None	43,110
English	675
French	4,570
Non-official language	300
Indigenous³⁹	35
Non-Indigenous	260
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,400
Worked at home	8,385
Worked outside Canada	30
No fixed workplace address	4,655
Usual place of work	27,330
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,495
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750
Commute to a different province or territory	90
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,985
Car, truck or van	27,550
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,045
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,505
Public transit	2,100
Walked	1,500
Bicycle	175
Other method	655
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,985
Less than 15 minutes	14,585
15 to 29 minutes	12,690
30 to 44 minutes	2,745
45 to 59 minutes	910
60 minutes and over	1,060
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,170
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,470
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,805
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,645
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,655
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,180
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,195
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,015
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,635
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,080
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,560
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,375

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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