Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Woodstock, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,705	...	...
Population, 2016¹	41,098^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,528	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,886	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	827.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	56.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,705	22,815	23,895
0 to 14 years	8,235	4,190	4,040
0 to 4 years	2,715	1,390	1,320
5 to 9 years	2,875	1,475	1,405
10 to 14 years	2,645	1,330	1,315
15 to 64 years	29,325	14,625	14,700
15 to 19 years	2,485	1,255	1,230
20 to 24 years	2,455	1,280	1,180
25 to 29 years	3,035	1,525	1,515
30 to 34 years	3,415	1,705	1,710
35 to 39 years	3,300	1,675	1,625
40 to 44 years	3,020	1,525	1,500
45 to 49 years	2,750	1,405	1,350
50 to 54 years	2,650	1,305	1,340
55 to 59 years	3,170	1,540	1,630
60 to 64 years	3,045	1,415	1,630
65 years and over	9,150	3,990	5,150
65 to 69 years	2,640	1,230	1,405
70 to 74 years	2,330	1,055	1,280
75 to 79 years	1,660	740	920
80 to 84 years	1,175	495	680
85 years and over	1,335	470	870
85 to 89 years	800	300	495
90 to 94 years	415	140	275
95 to 99 years	110	20	90
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.4	16.9
15 to 64 years	62.8	64.1	61.5
65 years and over	19.6	17.5	21.6
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	41.6	40.3	42.8
Median age of the population	40.8	39.2	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,890	...	...
Single-detached house	10,855	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,455	...	...
Row house	2,205	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,285	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,680	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,885	...	...
1 person	5,295	...	...
2 persons	6,585	...	...
3 persons	2,900	...	...
4 persons	2,565	...	...
5 or more persons	1,540	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,945	22,530	23,420
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	38,475	18,620	19,850
Married or living common-law	22,515	11,255	11,260
Married	17,905	8,970	8,935
Living common-law	4,610	2,285	2,325
Living common law - Never married	3,040	1,525	1,515
Living common law - Separated	355	180	180
Living common law - Divorced	1,070	530	540
Living common law - Widowed	145	55	90
Not married and not living common-law	15,955	7,360	8,595
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,460	5,260	4,195
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,320	555	760
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,585	1,025	1,560
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,590	520	2,075
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,410	...	...
2 persons	6,980	...	...
3 persons	2,935	...	...
4 persons	2,470	...	...
5 or more persons	1,025	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,410	...	...
Total couple families	11,055	...	...
Married couples	8,750	...	...
With children⁶	4,450	...	...
Without children	4,295	...	...
Common-law couples	2,300	...	...
With children⁶	1,015	...	...
Without children	1,285	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,355	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,815	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	540	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	45,945	22,525	23,420
Total - Persons in census families	38,155	18,810	19,345
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,105	11,030	11,070
Parents in one-parent families	2,360	535	1,820
Children⁶	13,695	7,240	6,450
In a two-parent family	10,040	5,275	4,765
In a one-parent family	3,650	1,965	1,685
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,790	3,715	4,075
Living alone	5,295	2,380	2,910
Living with other relatives⁷	1,085	475	610
Living with non-relatives only	1,410	855	555
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,885	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,670	...	...
Couple-family households	9,885	...	...
With children⁶	4,855	...	...
Without children	5,025	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,790	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	565	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	640	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	605	...	...
One-person households	5,295	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,725	18,340	19,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,520	17,725	18,790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,540	17,740	18,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,395	16,215	16,180
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,395	13,905	12,490
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,390	15,885	17,500
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	7,250	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,745	1,610	2,135
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,405	5,135	5,265
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,725	18,340	19,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,635	17,725	18,910
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	56,500	42,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,655	17,740	18,915
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320	47,360	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,405	16,150	16,255
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,240	52,700	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,390	13,745	12,645
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	51,750	36,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,460	15,855	17,605
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,280	9,520	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,780	1,620	2,155
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,200	7,350
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,460	5,165	5,295
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,170	7,700	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,725	18,340	19,385
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,295	7,195	5,100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	64,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,400	73,200	59,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,655	4,870	5,785
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,640	32,440	23,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	85.0	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	71.0	57.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	15.1	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.4	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,725	18,340	19,385
Without total income	1,205	610	595
With total income	36,520	17,730	18,790
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,510	985	1,520
$10,000 to $19,999	4,390	1,630	2,755
$20,000 to $29,999	5,595	2,230	3,365
$30,000 to $39,999	4,780	2,075	2,705
$40,000 to $49,999	4,645	2,120	2,525
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	2,060	2,030
$60,000 to $69,999	3,095	1,785	1,310
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,300	835
$80,000 to $89,999	1,510	985	525
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	715	350
$100,000 and over	2,695	1,830	865
$100,000 to $149,999	2,005	1,310	700
$150,000 and over	685	515	165
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,725	18,340	19,385
Without after-tax income	1,185	600	585
With after-tax income	36,540	17,740	18,800
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,625	1,025	1,600
$10,000 to $19,999	4,560	1,710	2,850
$20,000 to $29,999	6,300	2,515	3,785
$30,000 to $39,999	5,880	2,670	3,210
$40,000 to $49,999	5,715	2,830	2,885
$50,000 to $59,999	4,210	2,335	1,880
$60,000 to $69,999	2,670	1,620	1,045
$70,000 to $79,999	1,750	1,175	575
$80,000 to $89,999	1,095	655	435
$90,000 to $99,999	600	390	210
$100,000 and over	1,145	820	325
$100,000 to $124,999	635	430	205
$125,000 and over	515	390	125
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,725	18,340	19,385
Without employment income	11,330	4,435	6,900
With employment income	26,390	13,900	12,490
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,495	1,685	1,815
$5,000 to $9,999	1,935	760	1,175
$10,000 to $19,999	3,035	1,250	1,785
$20,000 to $29,999	2,435	1,105	1,335
$30,000 to $39,999	2,625	1,205	1,420
$40,000 to $49,999	2,905	1,460	1,440
$50,000 to $59,999	2,610	1,475	1,135
$60,000 to $69,999	2,025	1,260	760
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390	950	445
$80,000 to $89,999	1,090	755	340
$90,000 to $99,999	800	545	250
$100,000 and over	2,045	1,460	585
$100,000 to $124,999	1,190	810	385
$125,000 and over	855	655	200
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,725	18,340	19,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,010	17,480	18,530
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,020	17,480	18,540
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,265	16,125	16,140
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,590	13,990	12,600
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,640	14,955	16,690
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	1,190	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,905	1,180	1,725
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,725	18,340	19,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,065	17,450	18,615
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	55,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,075	17,450	18,625
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,320	45,880	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,335	16,155	16,180
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680	53,300	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,655	13,930	12,725
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	52,750	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,650	14,845	16,810
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220	6,630	9,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,950	1,130	1,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	5,970	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,725	18,340	19,385
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,235	7,150	5,080
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	63,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	71,200	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,000	4,605	5,395
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	35,200	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,360	40,080	27,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	89.8	78.2
Employment income (%)	70.8	76.6	63.4
Government transfers (%)	15.3	10.3	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,885	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,295	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,590	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,885	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,300	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,590	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,885	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	360	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	630	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	690	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	660	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	755	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	815	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,380	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,575	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,750	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,775	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,115	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,885	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	660	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	790	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	660	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	785	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	955	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	940	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,815	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,570	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,460	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,405	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,580	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,160	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,085	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,530	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,160	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,705	3,240	3,465
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	46,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,170	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,085	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,555	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,135	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,705	3,130	3,575
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,200	52,100	44,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,000	39,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	45,945	22,530	23,420
0 to 17 years	9,765	4,980	4,790
0 to 5 years	3,300	1,700	1,595
18 to 64 years	27,615	13,730	13,880
65 years and over	8,570	3,820	4,750
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,010	1,765	2,245
0 to 17 years	855	445	415
0 to 5 years	325	160	160
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,000	1,135
65 years and over	1,020	320	700
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.7	7.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	9.0	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	9.5	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.3	8.2
65 years and over (%)	11.9	8.4	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	45,950	22,525	23,420
0 to 17 years	9,770	4,980	4,785
0 to 5 years	3,295	1,700	1,595
18 to 64 years	27,615	13,730	13,880
65 years and over	8,570	3,815	4,755
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,355	690	665
0 to 17 years	200	105	95
0 to 5 years	75	40	35
18 to 64 years	1,045	550	495
65 years and over	110	40	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.1	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	45,945	22,530	23,420
In bottom half of the distribution	24,305	11,550	12,750
In bottom decile	3,475	1,580	1,895
In second decile	4,690	2,070	2,615
In third decile	5,345	2,575	2,770
In fourth decile	5,440	2,625	2,820
In fifth decile	5,355	2,695	2,655
In top half of the distribution	21,645	10,975	10,670
In sixth decile	5,450	2,700	2,750
In seventh decile	5,005	2,535	2,470
In eighth decile	4,580	2,345	2,230
In ninth decile	3,915	2,015	1,905
In top decile	2,695	1,380	1,315
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	45,950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.411	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,290	22,650	23,640
English only	43,180	21,330	21,850
French only	15	5	10
English and French	2,580	1,095	1,485
Neither English nor French	510	225	285
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,290	22,650	23,640
English	45,240	22,180	23,055
French	440	205	235
English and French	115	45	65
Neither English nor French	495	215	275
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,290	22,650	23,640
Single responses	45,255	22,155	23,100
Official languages	39,530	19,350	20,180
English	39,025	19,120	19,900
French	500	230	275
Non-official languages	5,725	2,805	2,915
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,720	2,805	2,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	85	75
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	80	75
Amharic	0	0	5
Arabic	130	70	65
Aramaic languages	20	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0
Vietnamese	95	40	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	190	70	120
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	5	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	55	95
Waray-Waray	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	65	45
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	35	30
Tamil	35	20	15
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	4,650	2,300	2,350
Albanian	20	15	10
Armenian	10	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	295	355
Baltic languages	15	10	5
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	10	5	0
Slavic languages	640	290	355
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	5	5	0
Polish	425	185	240
Russian	45	20	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	105	60	55
Bosnian	30	15	10
Croatian	35	20	15
Serbian	45	25	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	5
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	695	320	375
Frisian	10	5	5
High German languages	205	95	110
German	195	90	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	460	215	250
Afrikaans	10	5	10
Dutch	425	200	225
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	2,240	1,165	1,075
Indo-Aryan languages	2,205	1,145	1,060
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	10
Gujarati	135	75	55
Hindi	95	50	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5
Nepali	110	55	55
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,625	850	775
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	205	100	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	965	465	495
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	155	85	70
Portuguese	375	180	190
Romanian	70	35	35
Spanish	360	165	195
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	20
Korean	65	30	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	30
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	80	95
Chinese languages	165	75	90
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	100	35	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15
Lao	20	15	10
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	130	60	70
Estonian	5	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10
Hungarian	115	55	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,035	495	540
English and French	200	95	105
English and non-official language(s)	765	365	400
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,290	22,650	23,640
English	40,215	19,720	20,495
French	95	45	45
Non-official language	1,655	810	845
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,655	810	845
English and French	420	170	255
English and non-official language(s)	3,680	1,810	1,870
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	50
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,290	22,650	23,640
Single responses	45,305	22,160	23,145
Official languages	42,265	20,640	21,630
English	42,130	20,575	21,550
French	135	60	75
Non-official languages	3,035	1,520	1,515
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,035	1,520	1,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	35	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	35	40
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	60	30	30
Aramaic languages	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	30	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	50	25	20
Tamil	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,515	1,265	1,250
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	125	135
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	255	125	135
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	180	80	95
Russian	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15
Bosnian	15	10	10
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	25	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	25	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,785	920	865
Indo-Aryan languages	1,760	910	855
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	75	40	35
Hindi	45	25	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	90	45	45
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,395	725	665
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	140	60	80
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	10	10	10
Iranian Persian	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	175	210
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20
Portuguese	140	60	80
Romanian	15	5	5
Spanish	185	90	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	15
Korean	50	25	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	10	5	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	40
Chinese languages	65	35	40
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	990	495	495
English and French	55	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	910	460	455
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,290	22,650	23,640
None	42,815	20,995	21,825
English	1,140	585	555
French	360	145	215
Non-official language	1,590	745	850
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,595	745	845
English and French	15	5	15
English and non-official language(s)	165	85	75
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	75
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	45,945	22,525	23,420
Official languages	45,460	22,300	23,160
English	45,455	22,300	23,155
French	2,530	1,010	1,520
Non-official languages	7,560	3,700	3,860
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,545	3,695	3,850
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	105	85
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	185	105	85
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	130	80	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	80	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	155	80	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	255	80	175
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	15	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	80	170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	180	105	80
Kannada	15	0	15
Malayalam	60	30	30
Tamil	135	85	45
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,140	3,025	3,120
Albanian	25	15	10
Armenian	25	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	870	390	480
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0
Slavic languages	865	385	470
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	560	245	310
Russian	110	45	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	130	60	70
Bosnian	15	15	0
Croatian	55	20	35
Serbian	75	40	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Slovak	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	50	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Celtic languages	15	0	15
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	15	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	895	390	505
Frisian	25	10	15
High German languages	320	160	155
German	320	160	155
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	565	240	325
Afrikaans	15	0	10
Dutch	510	220	295
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	15	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	10
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20
Danish	20	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	170	95	75
Indo-Iranian languages	2,825	1,500	1,325
Indo-Aryan languages	2,755	1,455	1,300
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	55	25	30
Gujarati	150	100	60
Hindi	835	435	405
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	110	60	50
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,930	1,025	905
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	460	235	225
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Iranian languages	85	55	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	0
Persian languages	80	50	30
Dari	70	40	25
Iranian Persian	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,400	645	750
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	255	130	125
Portuguese	535	240	290
Romanian	80	30	45
Spanish	620	290	330
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	85	60	25
Korean	110	55	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	135	70	65
Akan (Twi)	50	25	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	55	35	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	0	35
American Sign Language	40	0	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	100	105
Chinese languages	200	100	105
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	140	65	80
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	20	10	10
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	165	85	75
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Hungarian	160	80	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,945	22,530	23,420
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,170	515	655
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,110	495	610
First Nations (North American Indian)	725	315	410
Métis	360	165	195
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	35
Non-Indigenous identity	44,780	22,015	22,765
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,945	22,530	23,420
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430	200	230
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,520	22,320	23,195
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,885	...	...
Owner	12,310	...	...
Renter	6,580	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,885	...	...
Condominium	1,885	...	...
Not condominium	17,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,885	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...
1 bedroom	2,230	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,185	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,410	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,025	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,885	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,110	...	...
5 rooms	2,790	...	...
6 rooms	3,105	...	...
7 rooms	2,785	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,105	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,885	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,685	...	...
More than one person per room	205	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,885	...	...
Suitable	18,175	...	...
Not suitable	710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,885	...	...
1960 or before	5,260	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,255	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,910	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	970	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,275	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,280	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,885	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	17,955	...	...
Major repairs needed	930	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,885	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,325	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,935	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	625	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,885	...	...
15 to 24 years	355	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,870	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,360	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,140	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,685	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,745	...	...
85 years and over	770	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,850	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,070	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,820	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,885	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,360	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,780	...	...
Not suitable only	560	...	...
Major repairs needed only	680	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,525	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,595	...	...
In core need	1,195	...	...
Not in core need	17,395	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,290	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,402	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	536,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	563,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,580	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	45,950	22,530	23,420
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	420	190	230
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	410	185	230
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	300	130	165
Métis single ancestry	95	35	55
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,240	565	675
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,225	565	660
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	950	430	525
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	135	130
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,285	21,770	22,515
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	45,950	22,525	23,420
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,695	21,355	22,340
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,470	4,875	4,595
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,225	16,485	17,745
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,255	1,175	1,080
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	45,950	22,525	23,420
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,855	18,975	19,875
Immigrants⁸¹	6,810	3,355	3,450
Before 1980	2,115	1,065	1,040
1980 to 1990	735	380	355
1991 to 2000	820	370	455
2001 to 2010	1,355	680	680
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,785	865	925
2011 to 2015	835	430	405
2016 to 2021	955	430	515
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285	190	95
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,805	3,360	3,450
Under 5 years	765	400	365
5 to 14 years	1,255	650	605
15 to 24 years	1,650	795	855
25 to 44 years	2,700	1,305	1,395
45 years and over	440	210	230
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,805	3,360	3,450
Americas	955	455	500
Brazil	20	15	10
Colombia	75	30	45
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	60	30	30
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	230	130	95
Mexico	40	15	25
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	75	35	40
United States of America	250	100	150
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90
Europe	2,865	1,390	1,470
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	0
Croatia	40	20	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	160	90	70
Greece	95	50	45
Hungary	60	25	35
Italy	120	50	70
Netherlands	425	230	195
Poland	355	160	200
Portugal	260	125	135
Romania	110	45	60
Russian Federation	40	15	30
Serbia⁸⁶	50	25	25
Ukraine	30	15	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	845	390	450
Other places of birth in Europe	240	125	115
Africa	195	100	100
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0
Egypt	30	20	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	15	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	0	25
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	35
Asia	2,760	1,390	1,375
Afghanistan	15	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	45	20	30
Lebanon	25	15	15
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	20	0
Korea, South⁹²	80	30	45
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	250	80	170
Viet Nam	95	50	50
Bangladesh	30	10	15
India	1,530	800	725
Pakistan	245	125	125
Sri Lanka	65	45	25
Other places of birth in Asia	265	145	115
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	25	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	950	435	520
Americas	135	55	75
Brazil	10	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	15	20
Mexico	20	0	15
United States of America	40	15	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10
Europe	100	55	45
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	15	0	10
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	20
Africa	30	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	680	305	375
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	420	215	205
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	10
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Lebanon	10	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	65	30	35
Philippines	70	25	45
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	45,945	22,525	23,420
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,355	3,675	3,685
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,275	4,155	4,120
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,315	14,700	15,620
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,695	2,290	2,405
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,880	995	885
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	765	495	270
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,115	500	615
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,010	875	1,135
Refugees¹⁰⁸	755	395	360
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,695	2,290	2,405
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	275	150	125
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	500	240	260
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	40	40
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	170	140
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,500	1,680	1,820
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	45,945	22,530	23,420
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,290	3,280	3,010
South Asian	3,165	1,680	1,485
Chinese	280	130	150
Black	930	515	420
Filipino	350	155	195
Arab	140	80	60
Latin American	415	200	215
Southeast Asian	305	170	130
West Asian	115	80	45
Korean	125	55	65
Japanese	75	45	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	160	75	85
Multiple visible minorities	235	95	135
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,655	19,250	20,405
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	45,945	22,525	23,420
Canadian	8,580	4,230	4,350
English	13,190	6,165	7,025
Irish	8,005	3,725	4,280
Scottish	9,520	4,470	5,050
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,360	1,560	1,805
German	6,240	2,980	3,260
Chinese	400	180	220
Italian	1,565	835	730
Indian (India)	1,515	810	700
Ukrainian	780	395	390
Dutch	3,745	1,905	1,835
Polish	1,870	890	980
Québécois	50	10	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,080	1,020	1,060
Filipino	435	210	230
French Canadian	630	285	345
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,090	515	580
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	345	350
Métis	385	180	205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	455	225	230
Russian	365	170	195
Norwegian	240	115	125
Welsh	915	460	455
Portuguese	1,050	545	505
American	490	220	265
Spanish	200	85	115
Swedish	130	60	70
Hungarian	1,020	545	475
Acadian	80	30	50
Pakistani	345	170	175
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	210	110	100
Jewish	125	75	55
Punjabi	590	325	265
Vietnamese	135	60	75
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0
Greek	290	160	130
Jamaican	355	215	140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	30
Korean	125	55	65
Romanian	275	120	150
Lebanese	80	35	45
Iranian	20	10	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	115	105
Danish	160	90	70
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	135	65	70
Sikh	475	245	230
Austrian	240	100	135
Belgian	630	305	325
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	160	90	70
Mexican	105	40	65
Mennonite	150	75	75
Swiss	135	80	50
Finnish	185	95	90
Sri Lankan	55	35	20
Croatian	200	100	105
Japanese	85	45	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	170	70	95
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	25	45
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170	60	115
Muslim	15	15	0
Egyptian	65	40	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	25	25
Tamil	60	45	15
Icelandic	20	10	10
Colombian	50	25	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	65	30	40
Syrian	45	30	15
Guyanese	135	65	75
Afghan	40	15	20
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	30	30
Serbian	120	65	55
Ojibway	115	30	85
Newfoundlander	175	50	125
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	310	155	155
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	45	60
Turkish	40	20	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	10
Bangladeshi	45	15	30
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	50	30
Nigerian	40	25	20
Armenian	30	20	10
Slovak	100	50	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	35	25
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	60	30	35
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	50	30	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	35
Algonquin	15	0	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	40	30
Lithuanian	65	45	25
South African	30	10	20
Australian	60	50	20
Palestinian	15	10	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	10
Nova Scotian	75	50	30
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	30	35
Peruvian	25	10	15
Yoruba	15	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	20
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	45	20	20
Maltese	115	45	70
Macedonian	15	10	0
Slovenian	60	15	45
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	0	20
New Brunswicker	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	65	35	25
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	80	15	60
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	25
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	15	25
Barbadian	25	15	10
African American	85	45	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	20	40
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	15
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0
Venezuelan	25	10	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	15
Bengali	10	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	55	25	30
Indonesian	35	25	10
Laotian	15	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	55	20	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	35	15	25
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	85	55	35
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	90	55	40
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	20	25
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	30	15
New Zealander	50	40	10
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	40	45
Malaysian	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	15	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	25	20	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	15	15	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	10	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	50	20	30
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	20	10	0
Pashtun	10	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	25	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	25	0	20
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	35	10	30
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	15	15	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	45,950	22,530	23,420
Buddhist	150	85	65
Christian	23,240	10,520	12,720
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,395	1,565	1,830
Anabaptist	65	25	35
Anglican	2,590	1,155	1,440
Baptist	1,210	550	665
Catholic	8,525	3,990	4,530
Christian Orthodox	345	185	160
Jehovah's Witness	180	70	110
Latter Day Saints	130	60	70
Lutheran	435	180	250
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	35	60
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	545	240	310
Presbyterian	1,170	530	635
Reformed	365	170	185
United Church	3,125	1,250	1,870
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,060	505	565
Hindu	615	335	285
Jewish	60	45	20
Muslim	755	405	350
Sikh	1,740	905	835
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	270	95	175
No religion and secular perspectives	19,105	10,145	8,960
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,430	22,275	23,150
Non-movers	38,970	19,175	19,795
Movers	6,455	3,105	3,350
Non-migrants	2,800	1,310	1,490
Migrants	3,660	1,795	1,865
Internal migrants	3,525	1,735	1,790
Intraprovincial migrants	3,350	1,630	1,720
Interprovincial migrants	170	105	70
External migrants	135	60	70
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,195	21,120	22,080
Non-movers	23,125	11,250	11,875
Movers	20,075	9,870	10,205
Non-migrants	7,135	3,485	3,645
Migrants	12,940	6,380	6,555
Internal migrants	12,110	5,915	6,190
Intraprovincial migrants	11,475	5,595	5,885
Interprovincial migrants	625	330	305
External migrants	830	465	365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,725	18,340	19,385
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,230	4,365	3,860
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	29,495	13,970	15,525
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,220	11,895	12,325
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,350	2,000	1,355
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,870	9,900	10,970
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,720	18,340	19,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,530	3,965	3,560
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,665	6,405	6,260
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,530	7,970	9,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,875	5,635	6,240
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,130	1,570	560
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,125	710	420
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,005	870	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,215	3,810	5,400
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	250	280
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,655	2,330	3,325
Bachelor's degree	4,035	1,575	2,455
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	385	175	210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	55
Master's degree	1,010	470	545
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	50	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,225	11,895	12,325
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,965	1,795	1,175
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,925	4,265	3,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,330	5,840	7,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,870	4,120	4,755
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,510	1,090	425
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	815	500	315
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	700	585	115
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,050	2,865	4,190
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	165	140
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,460	1,725	2,740
Bachelor's degree	3,165	1,175	1,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	120	185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	35	50
Master's degree	815	345	465
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	40	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,725	18,340	19,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,190	10,375	9,820
Education	895	240	655
13. Education	895	240	655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	180	335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	10	20
50. Visual and performing arts	480	170	310
Humanities	840	300	540
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45
23. English language and literature/letters	185	45	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	85	165
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	35
54. History	125	70	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,200	600	1,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	125	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	50	645
22. Legal professions and studies	245	60	180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	25	30
42. Psychology	330	80	250
45. Social sciences	595	250	340
Business, management and public administration	3,400	1,290	2,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	55	390
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,955	1,235	1,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	240	300
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	100	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	60	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	95	60	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	605	375	230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	505	340	165
25. Library science	50	10	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,620	3,345	275
04. Architecture and related services	90	65	25
14. Engineering	470	425	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,005	865	145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	550	540	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	870	850	20
48. Precision production	630	600	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	250	225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	180	170
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	70	55
Health and related fields	3,080	450	2,630
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	125	150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,775	305	2,465
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,350	690	660
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	625	125	505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	480	335	145
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	225	20
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,220	11,895	12,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,890	6,060	4,830
Education	590	150	440
13. Education	590	150	440
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	145	285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	20
50. Visual and performing arts	410	140	270
Humanities	585	205	385
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	135	40	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	60	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	20
54. History	100	50	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,730	430	1,300
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	100	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	540	30	510
22. Legal professions and studies	205	40	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35
42. Psychology	255	70	185
45. Social sciences	440	165	280
Business, management and public administration	2,605	925	1,675
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	355	30	325
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,250	895	1,350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	200	255
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	90	95
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	35	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	85	60	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	520	320	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	445	305	145
25. Library science	35	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,665	2,445	225
04. Architecture and related services	60	50	10
14. Engineering	380	335	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	775	660	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	390	385	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	570	555	15
48. Precision production	485	455	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	150	200
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	110	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	40	55
Health and related fields	2,315	310	2,005
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	95	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,075	205	1,875
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,070	555	515
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	100	395
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	385	275	110
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	185	10
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	24,220	11,895	12,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,890	6,060	4,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,330	5,835	7,495
Location of study inside Canada	11,680	5,080	6,600
Same as province or territory of residence	11,170	4,830	6,345
Different than province or territory of residence	505	250	255
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,650	755	895
Americas	415	195	225
United States of America	215	115	105
Mexico	20	0	10
Cuba	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	10	20
Brazil	45	20	25
Colombia	25	15	15
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	50	20	30
Europe	310	155	155
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	40	10	25
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	35	25	15
Romania	20	10	15
Russian Federation	20	0	10
Ukraine	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	80	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25
Africa	30	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	860	370	490
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	25	25
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	35	35	0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20
Philippines	110	25	85
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	485	215	275
Pakistan	80	35	50
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	20
Oceania	35	20	15
Australia	30	10	15
New Zealand	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,720	18,340	19,385
In the labour force	23,860	12,650	11,215
Employed	20,980	11,185	9,795
Unemployed	2,880	1,465	1,415
Not in the labour force	13,860	5,690	8,175
Participation rate	63.3	69.0	57.9
Employment rate	55.6	61.0	50.5
Unemployment rate	12.1	11.6	12.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,725	18,340	19,385
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,950	5,855	8,100
Worked	23,775	12,485	11,290
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,595	7,370	5,225
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,180	5,115	6,065
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	43.2	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,865	12,650	11,210
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	265	265
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,335	12,385	10,950
Employee	20,720	10,825	9,900
Permanent position	18,435	9,730	8,700
Temporary position	2,290	1,090	1,195
Fixed term (1 year or more)	740	370	370
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,550	725	825
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,610	1,565	1,050
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,865	12,650	11,210
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	265	265
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,335	12,385	10,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	180	110	70
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,380	1,045	2,335
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,095	865	235
3 Health occupations	1,620	180	1,440
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,125	615	1,510
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	330	90	235
6 Sales and service occupations	5,695	2,280	3,415
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,175	4,715	455
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	395	260	130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,335	2,220	1,115
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,865	12,650	11,210
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	265	265
All industries¹⁹¹	23,335	12,385	10,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	310	160	150
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	65	10
22 Utilities	105	70	30
23 Construction	1,755	1,525	225
31-33 Manufacturing	5,675	3,940	1,735
41 Wholesale trade	815	575	245
44-45 Retail trade	2,605	1,175	1,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,710	1,310	405
51 Information and cultural industries	315	160	155
52 Finance and insurance	770	260	505
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	360	195	160
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	930	470	460
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	885	500	385
61 Educational services	1,235	340	890
62 Health care and social assistance	2,640	255	2,385
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	260	110	155
72 Accommodation and food services	1,285	445	840
81 Other services (except public administration)	885	445	440
91 Public administration	685	370	315
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,505	13,305	12,200
English	24,825	12,945	11,880
French	40	10	25
Non-official language	50	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25
English and French	215	80	135
English and non-official language(s)	365	245	110
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,505	13,305	12,200
Single responses	25,400	13,245	12,150
Official languages	25,280	13,170	12,110
English	25,225	13,155	12,070
French	55	15	45
Non-official languages	120	75	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	75	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	65	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	60	20
Indo-Aryan languages	75	55	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	45	20
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	110	60	45
English and French	35	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	60	50	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,505	13,305	12,200
None	25,020	13,035	11,985
English	85	55	30
French	155	60	95
Non-official language	205	130	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	205	130	75
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,985	11,185	9,800
Worked at home	3,085	1,280	1,805
Worked outside Canada	70	55	15
No fixed workplace address	2,415	1,815	600
Usual place of work	15,415	8,040	7,375
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,415	8,040	7,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,530	4,615	4,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,340	730	610
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,525	2,680	1,840
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,830	9,855	7,975
Car, truck or van	16,525	9,235	7,285
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,865	8,500	6,360
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,655	735	925
Public transit	210	70	140
Walked	715	335	385
Bicycle	95	95	0
Other method	285	125	165
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,830	9,855	7,975
Less than 15 minutes	9,055	4,460	4,600
15 to 29 minutes	3,280	1,920	1,360
30 to 44 minutes	3,110	1,850	1,255
45 to 59 minutes	1,420	890	535
60 minutes and over	970	735	230
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,830	9,855	7,975
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,490	1,730	760
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,885	2,560	1,325
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,745	1,985	1,755
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,680	1,025	1,655
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,430	530	895
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,610	2,025	1,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,935	5,065	4,870
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115	545	570
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,820	4,520	4,300
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,025	3,570	3,450
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	885	430	455
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	625	300	325
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	130	130
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,140	3,140	2,995

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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