Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sept-Rivières--Caniapiscau, Census division (CDR)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	38,240	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	39,322	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.8	...	...	- 2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,507	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	16,808	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	94,464.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	38,240	19,365	18,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,060	3,550	3,510	18.5	18.3	18.6
0 to 4 years	2,135	1,080	1,060	5.6	5.6	5.6
5 to 9 years	2,340	1,145	1,190	6.1	5.9	6.3
10 to 14 years	2,580	1,325	1,255	6.7	6.8	6.7
15 to 64 years	24,310	12,505	11,810	63.6	64.6	62.6
15 to 19 years	2,120	1,075	1,045	5.5	5.6	5.5
20 to 24 years	1,980	1,065	920	5.2	5.5	4.9
25 to 29 years	2,285	1,160	1,120	6.0	6.0	5.9
30 to 34 years	2,360	1,185	1,175	6.2	6.1	6.2
35 to 39 years	2,355	1,250	1,105	6.2	6.5	5.9
40 to 44 years	2,515	1,295	1,225	6.6	6.7	6.5
45 to 49 years	2,430	1,270	1,160	6.4	6.6	6.1
50 to 54 years	2,590	1,300	1,290	6.8	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	2,940	1,500	1,435	7.7	7.7	7.6
60 to 64 years	2,740	1,410	1,330	7.2	7.3	7.0
65 years and over	6,870	3,315	3,560	18.0	17.1	18.9
65 to 69 years	2,220	1,145	1,075	5.8	5.9	5.7
70 to 74 years	1,775	925	845	4.6	4.8	4.5
75 to 79 years	1,315	590	725	3.4	3.0	3.8
80 to 84 years	910	415	495	2.4	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	655	235	415	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	395	180	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	220	45	175	0.6	0.2	0.9
95 to 99 years	30	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.5	18.3	18.6	18.5	18.3	18.6
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.6	62.6	63.6	64.6	62.6
65 years and over	18.0	17.1	18.9	18.0	17.1	18.9
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	41.2	40.8	41.6	41.2	40.8	41.6
Median age of the population	42.0	41.6	42.4	42.0	41.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	16,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,685	...	...	51.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,030	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	690	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	660	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,555	...	...	21.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	375	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,795	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	16,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,825	...	...	34.7	...	...
2 persons	5,785	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 persons	2,335	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	1,865	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,000	...	...	5.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,450	18,940	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	31,180	15,815	15,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	17,230	8,605	8,625	55.3	54.4	56.1
Married	7,690	3,860	3,830	24.7	24.4	24.9
Living common-law	9,545	4,745	4,800	30.6	30.0	31.2
Living common law - Never married	8,300	4,150	4,155	26.6	26.2	27.0
Living common law - Separated	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,000	510	490	3.2	3.2	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	170	60	110	0.5	0.4	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	13,950	7,210	6,735	44.7	45.6	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,225	5,850	4,375	32.8	37.0	28.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	310	145	165	1.0	0.9	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,725	795	930	5.5	5.0	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,685	420	1,265	5.4	2.7	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,805	...	...	54.4	...	...
3 persons	2,240	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	1,795	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	820	...	...	7.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,500	...	...	79.7	...	...
Married couples	3,725	...	...	34.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,290	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	2,435	...	...	22.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,770	...	...	44.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,670	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	2,100	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,170	...	...	20.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,505	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	660	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,450	18,940	18,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	29,980	14,870	15,105	80.1	78.5	81.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,000	8,470	8,525	45.4	44.7	46.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,165	660	1,505	5.8	3.5	8.1
Children⁶	10,820	5,740	5,075	28.9	30.3	27.4
In a two-parent family	7,280	3,745	3,535	19.4	19.8	19.1
In a one-parent family	3,540	1,995	1,540	9.5	10.5	8.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,475	4,065	3,405	20.0	21.5	18.4
Living alone	5,820	3,195	2,625	15.5	16.9	14.2
Living with other relatives⁷	835	405	430	2.2	2.1	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	815	465	350	2.2	2.5	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,900	...	...	58.9	...	...
Couple-family households	8,080	...	...	48.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,745	...	...	22.3	...	...
Without children	4,330	...	...	25.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,820	...	...	10.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	235	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	335	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	475	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	5,825	...	...	34.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,400	15,395	15,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,630	15,025	14,605	97.5	97.6	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	56,400	39,200	46,800	56,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,640	15,030	14,605	97.5	97.6	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,000	35,200	41,200	48,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,630	13,995	12,630	87.6	90.9	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,800	31,200	40,000	50,800	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,705	12,360	10,350	74.7	80.3	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,000	35,200	43,600	54,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,975	10,460	12,510	75.6	67.9	83.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,900	11,900	11,900	11,900	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,355	2,255	2,100	14.3	14.6	14.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,500	5,920	6,280	6,500	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,530	3,605	3,930	24.8	23.4	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,380	15,385	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,665	15,045	14,620	97.6	97.8	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,100	70,600	47,280	59,100	70,600	47,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,675	15,050	14,625	97.7	97.8	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,720	55,050	40,160	47,720	55,050	40,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,590	13,975	12,620	87.5	90.8	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,550	66,500	41,360	54,550	66,500	41,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,705	12,385	10,325	74.7	80.5	68.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,050	66,100	44,000	56,050	66,100	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,240	10,625	12,615	76.5	69.1	84.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,980	12,470	13,420	12,980	12,470	13,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,365	2,235	2,130	14.4	14.5	14.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,450	8,040	8,870	8,450	8,040	8,870
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,455	3,580	3,875	24.5	23.3	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,140	7,680	8,560	8,140	7,680	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,380	15,385	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,345	6,405	4,945	37.3	41.6	33.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	94,000	55,200	71,000	94,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,100	96,100	64,100	82,100	96,100	64,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,145	3,970	4,180	26.8	25.8	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	27,400	18,200	22,200	27,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,400	43,400	27,800	35,400	43,400	27,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8	87.6	75.6	82.8	87.6	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.6	77.0	65.8	72.6	77.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.2	12.5	24.5	17.2	12.5	24.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.7	2.7	2.1	1.7	2.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.0	5.8	4.1	3.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.8	3.5	2.6	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,405	15,400	15,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	775	370	405	2.5	2.4	2.7
With total income	29,630	15,025	14,605	97.5	97.6	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,985	775	1,205	6.7	5.2	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,030	1,080	1,955	10.2	7.2	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	3,995	1,605	2,385	13.5	10.7	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,515	1,600	1,920	11.9	10.6	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,340	1,565	1,780	11.3	10.4	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,855	1,320	1,535	9.6	8.8	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,190	1,140	1,045	7.4	7.6	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,550	875	675	5.2	5.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,205	630	575	4.1	4.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,010	540	470	3.4	3.6	3.2
$100,000 and over	4,960	3,900	1,065	16.7	26.0	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	3,490	2,640	855	11.8	17.6	5.9
$150,000 and over	1,470	1,255	210	5.0	8.4	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,405	15,400	15,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	765	365	395	2.5	2.4	2.6
With after-tax income	29,640	15,030	14,610	97.5	97.6	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,080	795	1,280	7.0	5.3	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,210	1,140	2,070	10.8	7.6	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,645	1,905	2,740	15.7	12.7	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,410	2,090	2,315	14.9	13.9	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,015	1,955	2,060	13.5	13.0	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,950	1,540	1,410	10.0	10.2	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,015	1,060	955	6.8	7.1	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,545	870	680	5.2	5.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,440	970	470	4.9	6.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,245	980	265	4.2	6.5	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,725	370	7.1	11.5	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,530	1,290	245	5.2	8.6	1.7
$125,000 and over	565	440	130	1.9	2.9	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,405	15,400	15,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,695	3,040	4,655	25.3	19.7	31.0
With employment income	22,710	12,355	10,355	74.7	80.2	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,890	1,705	1,180	12.7	13.8	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,515	615	905	6.7	5.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,460	1,080	1,375	10.8	8.7	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	1,925	825	1,100	8.5	6.7	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	1,925	815	1,110	8.5	6.6	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,940	835	1,105	8.5	6.8	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,655	770	890	7.3	6.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,245	665	580	5.5	5.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,075	605	470	4.7	4.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	935	475	460	4.1	3.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	825	450	375	3.6	3.6	3.6
$100,000 and over	4,310	3,515	795	19.0	28.5	7.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,670	1,220	450	7.4	9.9	4.3
$125,000 and over	2,645	2,295	345	11.6	18.6	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,400	15,395	15,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,125	14,765	14,360	95.8	95.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	55,600	34,800	43,600	55,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,150	14,775	14,380	95.9	96.0	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	31,800	38,400	46,800	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,190	13,760	12,430	86.2	89.4	82.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	52,800	30,800	40,000	52,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,715	12,260	10,450	74.7	79.6	69.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	56,400	33,600	42,800	56,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,335	9,640	11,690	70.2	62.6	77.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,200	8,900	8,600	8,200	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,550	2,430	2,120	15.0	15.8	14.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,800	5,680	5,760	5,800	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,380	15,385	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,100	14,735	14,370	95.8	95.8	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,000	68,700	42,960	56,000	68,700	42,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,110	14,735	14,375	95.8	95.8	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,960	53,250	36,480	44,960	53,250	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,070	13,675	12,395	85.8	88.9	82.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,200	67,100	40,000	54,200	67,100	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,665	12,190	10,475	74.6	79.2	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,300	66,700	42,080	55,300	66,700	42,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,705	9,815	11,890	71.4	63.8	79.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,990	9,680	10,240	9,990	9,680	10,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,565	2,455	2,110	15.0	16.0	14.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,260	6,790	7,800	7,260	6,790	7,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,380	15,385	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,265	6,350	4,920	37.1	41.3	32.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	89,000	51,600	66,500	89,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	91,400	58,400	77,000	91,400	58,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,565	3,695	3,875	24.9	24.0	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	34,400	22,000	26,600	34,400	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,440	49,880	31,480	40,440	49,880	31,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	90.6	80.2	86.8	90.6	80.2
Employment income (%)	77.0	80.2	71.4	77.0	80.2	71.4
Government transfers (%)	13.3	9.4	19.7	13.3	9.4	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.7	2.0	1.7	2.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	16,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	16,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,520	...	...	45,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	16,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	300	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	845	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	580	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	655	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	735	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	680	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,115	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	975	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	880	...	...	5.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	800	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,090	...	...	42.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,730	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,340	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,170	...	...	12.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,855	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	16,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	900	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	710	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	720	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	820	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	825	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	820	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,370	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,265	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,115	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	970	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,455	...	...	32.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,915	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,485	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,055	...	...	12.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,635	3,660	2,975	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	49,600	35,200	42,800	49,600	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	42,400	32,400	37,600	42,400	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,600	...	...	176,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...	73,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,720	3,680	3,040	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,600	63,350	44,040	54,600	63,350	44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,640	50,160	37,920	44,640	50,160	37,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,455	18,940	18,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,380	4,215	4,165	22.4	22.3	22.5
0 to 5 years	2,585	1,330	1,260	6.9	7.0	6.8
18 to 64 years	22,590	11,515	11,085	60.3	60.8	59.9
65 years and over	6,475	3,210	3,265	17.3	16.9	17.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,645	1,645	2,005	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	775	400	370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	145	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,710	800	910	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,165	445	725	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	8.7	10.8	9.7	8.7	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	9.5	9.0	9.2	9.5	9.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	11.0	10.4	10.7	11.0	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	6.9	8.2	7.6	6.9	8.2
65 years and over (%)	18.0	13.8	22.2	18.0	13.8	22.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,995	16,810	16,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,785	3,455	3,330	20.6	20.6	20.6
0 to 5 years	2,065	1,060	1,010	6.3	6.3	6.2
18 to 64 years	20,085	10,310	9,770	60.9	61.3	60.4
65 years and over	6,130	3,040	3,085	18.6	18.1	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	675	365	315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	55	30	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	20	15	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	520	290	230	...	...	...
65 years and over	75	20	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.5	0.9	1.2	1.5	0.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.4	0.6	1.0	1.4	0.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.6	1.9	1.2	0.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,450	18,940	18,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	16,775	8,055	8,720	44.8	42.5	47.1
In bottom decile	3,075	1,390	1,685	8.2	7.3	9.1
In second decile	3,410	1,595	1,820	9.1	8.4	9.8
In third decile	3,510	1,700	1,810	9.4	9.0	9.8
In fourth decile	3,380	1,640	1,745	9.0	8.7	9.4
In fifth decile	3,400	1,735	1,670	9.1	9.2	9.0
In top half of the distribution	20,675	10,880	9,790	55.2	57.4	52.9
In sixth decile	3,680	1,895	1,785	9.8	10.0	9.6
In seventh decile	3,875	2,025	1,850	10.3	10.7	10.0
In eighth decile	4,235	2,175	2,055	11.3	11.5	11.1
In ninth decile	4,850	2,595	2,260	13.0	13.7	12.2
In top decile	4,035	2,195	1,845	10.8	11.6	10.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,450	...	...	37,450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	37,675	19,040	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,000	480	520	2.7	2.5	2.8
French only	26,085	12,690	13,400	69.2	66.6	71.9
English and French	10,425	5,775	4,655	27.7	30.3	25.0
Neither English nor French	155	95	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	37,675	19,040	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,735	835	900	4.6	4.4	4.8
French	35,190	17,800	17,390	93.4	93.5	93.3
English and French	600	315	285	1.6	1.7	1.5
Neither English nor French	145	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	37,675	19,040	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,700	18,560	18,145	97.4	97.5	97.4
Official languages	32,740	16,720	16,020	86.9	87.8	86.0
English	955	465	490	2.5	2.4	2.6
French	31,785	16,255	15,525	84.4	85.4	83.3
Non-official languages	3,965	1,840	2,120	10.5	9.7	11.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,460	1,585	1,880	9.2	8.3	10.1
Algonquian languages	3,420	1,565	1,855	9.1	8.2	10.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,420	1,565	1,855	9.1	8.2	10.0
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	2,825	1,270	1,560	7.5	6.7	8.4
Naskapi	575	285	290	1.5	1.5	1.6
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	500	255	245	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	265	135	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	110	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	970	485	490	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	345	180	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	505	245	260	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	37,675	19,040	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	655	325	330	1.7	1.7	1.8
French	31,150	15,895	15,255	82.7	83.5	81.9
Non-official language	1,650	800	850	4.4	4.2	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	1,560	745	810	4.1	3.9	4.3
Non-Indigenous	90	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	1,365	715	655	3.6	3.8	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	305	150	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	2,240	1,010	1,235	5.9	5.3	6.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	130	115	0.7	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	37,675	19,040	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,685	18,560	18,125	97.4	97.5	97.3
Official languages	33,865	17,210	16,655	89.9	90.4	89.4
English	965	470	490	2.6	2.5	2.6
French	32,900	16,735	16,165	87.3	87.9	86.8
Non-official languages	2,815	1,355	1,465	7.5	7.1	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,630	1,245	1,380	7.0	6.5	7.4
Algonquian languages	2,590	1,225	1,360	6.9	6.4	7.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,585	1,225	1,360	6.9	6.4	7.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	2,110	980	1,130	5.6	5.1	6.1
Naskapi	465	240	225	1.2	1.3	1.2
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	110	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	990	480	510	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	355	190	165	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	490	220	265	1.3	1.2	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	37,670	19,040	18,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,370	17,460	16,905	91.2	91.7	90.7
English	960	500	460	2.5	2.6	2.5
French	1,105	530	580	2.9	2.8	3.1
Non-official language	1,005	435	570	2.7	2.3	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	845	360	490	2.2	1.9	2.6
Non-Indigenous	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,445	18,970	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,305	18,890	18,415	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	11,405	6,255	5,150	30.5	33.0	27.9
French	36,305	18,410	17,895	97.0	97.0	96.9
Non-official languages	5,380	2,515	2,865	14.4	13.3	15.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,415	2,040	2,380	11.8	10.8	12.9
Algonquian languages	4,350	2,010	2,345	11.6	10.6	12.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	4,345	2,005	2,345	11.6	10.6	12.7
Atikamekw	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	3,750	1,700	2,050	10.0	9.0	11.1
Naskapi	895	445	450	2.4	2.3	2.4
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,005	495	510	2.7	2.6	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	620	300	320	1.7	1.6	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	555	275	280	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	195	215	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,445	18,975	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,890	3,400	3,485	18.4	17.9	18.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,810	2,880	2,930	15.5	15.2	15.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,575	2,190	2,390	12.2	11.5	12.9
Métis	1,055	615	445	2.8	3.2	2.4
Inuk (Inuit)	175	85	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	965	455	510	2.6	2.4	2.8
Non-Indigenous identity	30,555	15,570	14,990	81.6	82.1	81.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,445	18,975	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,625	2,715	2,915	15.0	14.3	15.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,815	16,255	15,560	85.0	85.7	84.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,645	...	...	63.3	...	...
Renter	5,280	...	...	31.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	880	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	750	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not condominium	16,055	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	1,790	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,400	...	...	26.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,005	...	...	35.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,505	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,530	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	3,285	...	...	19.5	...	...
6 rooms	2,340	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,790	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,855	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	16,700	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,435	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	365	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,560	...	...	15.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,465	...	...	56.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,045	...	...	6.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,620	...	...	9.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	360	...	...	2.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	630	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	745	...	...	4.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	375	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	15,390	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,415	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,395	...	...	61.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,140	...	...	36.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	270	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	620	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,405	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,830	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,075	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,490	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,550	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,385	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	445	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,980	...	...	91.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,350	...	...	8.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,275	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	16,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,950	...	...	17.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,260	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not suitable only	270	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,240	...	...	7.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,860	...	...	82.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	485	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not in core need	14,770	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.7	...	...	61.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,007	...	...	1,007	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	211,000	...	...	211,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,165	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	675	...	...	675	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	681	...	...	681	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	880	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	430	...	...	430	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,450	18,970	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,955	2,885	3,070	15.9	15.2	16.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,795	2,825	2,970	15.5	14.9	16.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,385	2,610	2,780	14.4	13.8	15.0
Métis single ancestry	315	175	140	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	100	45	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	160	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,755	905	850	4.7	4.8	4.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,670	865	810	4.5	4.6	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,270	675	595	3.4	3.6	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	315	150	165	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	29,735	15,180	14,560	79.4	80.0	78.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,445	18,970	18,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	37,040	18,785	18,255	98.9	99.0	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,335	4,270	4,065	22.3	22.5	22.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,705	14,515	14,195	76.7	76.5	76.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	405	190	215	1.1	1.0	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,445	18,970	18,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	36,590	18,530	18,060	97.7	97.7	97.8
Immigrants⁸¹	700	350	350	1.9	1.8	1.9
Before 1980	130	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
1991 to 2000	50	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
2001 to 2010	135	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	365	150	210	1.0	0.8	1.1
2011 to 2015	170	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
2016 to 2021	195	80	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	700	350	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	100	65	40	14.3	18.6	11.6
5 to 14 years	100	50	55	14.3	14.3	15.9
15 to 24 years	65	30	30	9.3	8.6	8.7
25 to 44 years	405	190	210	57.9	54.3	60.9
45 years and over	25	10	10	3.6	2.9	2.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	700	350	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	60	55	16.4	17.1	15.9
Brazil	15	10	10	2.1	2.9	2.9
Colombia	35	15	25	5.0	4.3	7.2
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	15	0	2.9	4.3	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.9
United States of America	10	10	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	2.9	2.9	2.9
Europe	220	110	115	31.4	31.4	33.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	110	60	45	15.7	17.1	13.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	15	3.6	2.9	4.3
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	40	20	20	5.7	5.7	5.8
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	2.1	0.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	2.9	2.9	2.9
Africa	285	145	135	40.7	41.4	39.1
Algeria	20	10	15	2.9	2.9	4.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	25	20	7.1	7.1	5.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	195	95	100	27.9	27.1	29.0
Asia	65	25	40	9.3	7.1	11.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	30	6.4	4.3	8.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	190	75	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	0	7.9	13.3	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	0	15	7.9	0.0	12.5
France	15	0	15	7.9	0.0	12.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	115	50	65	60.5	66.7	54.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	7.9	13.3	8.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	10	10.5	20.0	8.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	26.3	26.7	25.0
Asia	40	0	35	21.1	0.0	29.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	5.3	13.3	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	5.3	13.3	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,445	18,970	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	960	480	480	2.6	2.5	2.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	745	405	340	2.0	2.1	1.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,740	18,090	17,655	95.4	95.4	95.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	570	275	295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	400	200	195	70.2	72.7	66.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	210	135	75	36.8	49.1	25.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	190	65	125	33.3	23.6	42.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	150	65	85	26.3	23.6	28.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	10	10	3.5	3.6	3.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	570	275	295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	2.6	3.6	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	15	30	7.9	5.5	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	0	3.5	5.5	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	40	30	13.2	14.5	10.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	415	190	230	72.8	69.1	78.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,445	18,975	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	750	400	350	2.0	2.1	1.9
South Asian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	335	175	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin American	100	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,695	18,575	18,125	98.0	97.9	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,445	18,970	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,340	6,620	6,720	35.6	34.9	36.4
English	480	225	255	1.3	1.2	1.4
Irish	1,315	640	680	3.5	3.4	3.7
Scottish	610	300	310	1.6	1.6	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,150	3,190	2,950	16.4	16.8	16.0
German	335	205	125	0.9	1.1	0.7
Chinese	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	235	75	160	0.6	0.4	0.9
Indian (India)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	5,410	2,815	2,595	14.4	14.8	14.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	2,520	1,370	1,145	6.7	7.2	6.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,330	685	640	3.6	3.6	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,345	1,150	1,200	6.3	6.1	6.5
Métis	760	375	385	2.0	2.0	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	430	215	210	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	110	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	825	390	435	2.2	2.1	2.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	385	195	190	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	575	265	305	1.5	1.4	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	175	110	0.8	0.9	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	330	145	180	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazilian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	70	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	3,005	1,395	1,610	8.0	7.4	8.7
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	170	80	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Norman	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	105	70	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Beninese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,445	18,975	18,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	28,515	14,150	14,370	76.2	74.6	77.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,525	715	805	4.1	3.8	4.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	660	315	340	1.8	1.7	1.8
Baptist	135	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Catholic	25,800	12,865	12,930	68.9	67.8	70.0
Christian Orthodox	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	200	80	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	215	125	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	90	30	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	335	155	185	0.9	0.8	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	8,275	4,510	3,765	22.1	23.8	20.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,015	18,760	18,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,360	16,955	16,405	90.1	90.4	89.9
Movers	3,650	1,800	1,850	9.9	9.6	10.1
Non-migrants	2,515	1,250	1,265	6.8	6.7	6.9
Migrants	1,130	550	585	3.1	2.9	3.2
Internal migrants	1,040	510	535	2.8	2.7	2.9
Intraprovincial migrants	965	480	485	2.6	2.6	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	35,330	17,935	17,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	24,080	12,215	11,865	68.2	68.1	68.2
Movers	11,250	5,720	5,530	31.8	31.9	31.8
Non-migrants	7,050	3,600	3,450	20.0	20.1	19.8
Migrants	4,200	2,120	2,080	11.9	11.8	12.0
Internal migrants	3,925	2,010	1,920	11.1	11.2	11.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,725	1,915	1,815	10.5	10.7	10.4
Interprovincial migrants	200	95	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
External migrants	270	115	160	0.8	0.6	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,380	15,385	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,095	4,870	4,225	29.9	31.7	28.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,285	10,515	10,765	70.1	68.3	71.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,835	10,060	9,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,355	2,410	1,945	22.0	24.0	19.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,485	7,650	7,835	78.1	76.0	80.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,380	15,385	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,130	4,140	3,985	26.8	26.9	26.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,340	2,910	3,425	20.9	18.9	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,915	8,335	7,580	52.4	54.2	50.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,460	7,060	5,400	41.0	45.9	36.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,275	4,275	2,005	20.7	27.8	13.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,805	3,060	1,735	15.8	19.9	11.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,475	1,205	265	4.9	7.8	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,380	2,520	2,860	17.7	16.4	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	810	265	540	2.7	1.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,455	1,275	2,180	11.4	8.3	14.5
Bachelor's degree	2,590	890	1,700	8.5	5.8	11.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	110	140	0.8	0.7	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.4
Master's degree	470	220	255	1.5	1.4	1.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,835	10,055	9,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,670	1,910	1,755	18.5	19.0	17.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,490	1,650	1,835	17.6	16.4	18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,685	6,500	6,185	64.0	64.6	63.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,735	5,420	4,310	49.1	53.9	44.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,865	3,225	1,640	24.5	32.1	16.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,795	2,360	1,435	19.1	23.5	14.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,070	865	205	5.4	8.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,245	1,985	2,260	21.4	19.7	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	625	205	415	3.2	2.0	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,950	1,075	1,870	14.9	10.7	19.1
Bachelor's degree	2,185	755	1,435	11.0	7.5	14.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	235	100	130	1.2	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	15	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
Master's degree	415	190	220	2.1	1.9	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,385	15,390	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,465	7,055	7,410	47.6	45.8	49.4
Education	1,345	225	1,120	4.4	1.5	7.5
13. Education	1,345	225	1,120	4.4	1.5	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	115	125	0.8	0.7	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	215	95	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	550	255	300	1.8	1.7	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	165	180	1.2	1.1	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
54. History	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,010	240	770	3.3	1.6	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	350	0	340	1.2	0.0	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	140	45	100	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	195	40	150	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	200	100	100	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	2,945	705	2,245	9.7	4.6	15.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	65	220	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,660	640	2,020	8.8	4.2	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	400	220	180	1.3	1.4	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	55	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
40. Physical sciences	110	90	20	0.4	0.6	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	240	175	60	0.8	1.1	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215	170	45	0.7	1.1	0.3
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,215	4,775	445	17.2	31.0	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	370	310	70	1.2	2.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	995	845	150	3.3	5.5	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	995	935	60	3.3	6.1	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,780	1,700	75	5.9	11.0	0.5
48. Precision production	1,020	970	55	3.4	6.3	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	170	110	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	140	60	0.7	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	1,715	275	1,445	5.6	1.8	9.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,555	185	1,365	5.1	1.2	9.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,975	1,185	790	6.5	7.7	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	695	125	560	2.3	0.8	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	285	155	1.4	1.9	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	845	770	75	2.8	5.0	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,835	10,060	9,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,155	3,555	3,595	36.1	35.3	36.8
Education	1,040	175	855	5.2	1.7	8.7
13. Education	1,040	175	855	5.2	1.7	8.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	175	90	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	150	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Humanities	350	150	200	1.8	1.5	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	95	110	1.0	0.9	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
54. History	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	865	195	670	4.4	1.9	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	320	10	315	1.6	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	125	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	170	35	140	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	135	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	2,395	570	1,825	12.1	5.7	18.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	245	60	190	1.2	0.6	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,150	515	1,635	10.8	5.1	16.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	290	170	115	1.5	1.7	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	85	20	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	215	155	60	1.1	1.5	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	150	45	1.0	1.5	0.5
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,100	3,700	400	20.7	36.8	4.1
04. Architecture and related services	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
14. Engineering	350	280	70	1.8	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	770	640	130	3.9	6.4	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	695	645	50	3.5	6.4	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,405	1,335	70	7.1	13.3	0.7
48. Precision production	835	785	45	4.2	7.8	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250	150	100	1.3	1.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	130	55	0.9	1.3	0.6
Health and related fields	1,415	205	1,210	7.1	2.0	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	65	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,280	130	1,150	6.5	1.3	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,595	935	655	8.0	9.3	6.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	565	90	475	2.8	0.9	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	235	115	1.7	2.3	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	615	65	3.4	6.1	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,835	10,060	9,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,155	3,555	3,595	36.1	35.3	36.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,680	6,500	6,185	63.9	64.6	63.3
Location of study inside Canada	12,370	6,335	6,035	62.4	63.0	61.7
Same as province or territory of residence	12,060	6,170	5,890	60.8	61.3	60.3
Different than province or territory of residence	310	160	145	1.6	1.6	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	315	165	150	1.6	1.6	1.5
Americas	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	75	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Belgium	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	135	80	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	15	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	30,380	15,385	14,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,275	10,215	9,060	...	...	...
Employed	18,180	9,590	8,585	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,090	620	470	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,105	5,175	5,935	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.4	66.4	60.4	63.4	66.4	60.4
Employment rate	59.8	62.3	57.3	59.8	62.3	57.3
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.1	5.2	5.7	6.1	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	30,385	15,390	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,500	4,805	5,690	34.6	31.2	37.9
Worked	19,885	10,580	9,305	65.4	68.7	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,485	6,480	5,000	37.8	42.1	33.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,400	4,095	4,305	27.6	26.6	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.7	41.7	42.3	42.7	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,270	10,215	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	130	105	1.2	1.3	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	19,035	10,080	8,955	98.8	98.7	98.8
Employee	17,815	9,475	8,340	92.4	92.8	92.1
Permanent position	14,535	7,890	6,650	75.4	77.2	73.4
Temporary position	3,275	1,585	1,690	17.0	15.5	18.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,025	425	595	5.3	4.2	6.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,255	1,160	1,100	11.7	11.4	12.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,220	605	615	6.3	5.9	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,270	10,215	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	130	105	1.2	1.3	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	19,035	10,080	8,955	98.8	98.7	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	210	145	70	1.1	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,575	635	1,940	13.4	6.2	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,000	780	220	5.2	7.6	2.4
3 Health occupations	1,340	180	1,160	7.0	1.8	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,855	735	2,120	14.8	7.2	23.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345	170	170	1.8	1.7	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	4,600	1,835	2,765	23.9	18.0	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,470	4,165	305	23.2	40.8	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	585	515	75	3.0	5.0	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,045	920	130	5.4	9.0	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,270	10,215	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	130	105	1.2	1.3	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	19,035	10,080	8,955	98.8	98.7	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	225	180	50	1.2	1.8	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,050	1,645	405	10.6	16.1	4.5
22 Utilities	170	150	20	0.9	1.5	0.2
23 Construction	1,055	900	150	5.5	8.8	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,810	1,535	275	9.4	15.0	3.0
41 Wholesale trade	345	255	95	1.8	2.5	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	2,255	970	1,280	11.7	9.5	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,065	870	195	5.5	8.5	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	245	105	140	1.3	1.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	265	60	200	1.4	0.6	2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	305	170	130	1.6	1.7	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	490	260	230	2.5	2.5	2.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	705	400	305	3.7	3.9	3.4
61 Educational services	1,460	345	1,115	7.6	3.4	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,685	420	2,265	13.9	4.1	25.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	85	110	1.0	0.8	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,075	385	690	5.6	3.8	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	775	435	345	4.0	4.3	3.8
91 Public administration	1,855	910	945	9.6	8.9	10.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,130	11,160	9,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	340	190	155	1.6	1.7	1.6
French	17,145	9,070	8,065	81.1	81.3	80.9
Non-official language	370	185	185	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	365	185	185	1.7	1.7	1.9
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,210	1,265	945	10.5	11.3	9.5
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	830	340	495	3.9	3.0	5.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,130	11,160	9,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,600	10,905	9,700	97.5	97.7	97.3
Official languages	19,820	10,545	9,280	93.8	94.5	93.1
English	570	320	250	2.7	2.9	2.5
French	19,255	10,225	9,025	91.1	91.6	90.5
Non-official languages	780	360	420	3.7	3.2	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	775	360	420	3.7	3.2	4.2
Algonquian languages	770	360	415	3.6	3.2	4.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	770	360	415	3.6	3.2	4.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	615	285	330	2.9	2.6	3.3
Naskapi	155	75	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	525	255	270	2.5	2.3	2.7
English and French	255	155	100	1.2	1.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	200	80	130	0.9	0.7	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,130	11,160	9,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,335	9,680	8,655	86.8	86.7	86.8
English	1,820	1,035	785	8.6	9.3	7.9
French	535	245	290	2.5	2.2	2.9
Non-official language	350	155	200	1.7	1.4	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	330	140	190	1.6	1.3	1.9
Non-Indigenous	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,180	9,590	8,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,400	660	745	7.7	6.9	8.7
Worked outside Canada	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,585	1,190	400	8.7	12.4	4.7
Usual place of work	15,180	7,745	7,435	83.5	80.8	86.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,180	7,745	7,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,275	6,100	6,180	80.9	78.8	83.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,110	1,160	950	13.9	15.0	12.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	695	430	260	4.6	5.6	3.5
Commute to a different province or territory	100	55	45	0.7	0.7	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,770	8,930	7,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,945	7,990	6,955	89.1	89.5	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,905	7,550	6,360	82.9	84.5	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,040	440	595	6.2	4.9	7.6
Public transit	250	195	55	1.5	2.2	0.7
Walked	1,105	420	680	6.6	4.7	8.7
Bicycle	130	120	10	0.8	1.3	0.1
Other method	340	205	135	2.0	2.3	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,770	8,930	7,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,225	4,520	5,705	61.0	50.6	72.8
15 to 29 minutes	4,020	2,530	1,490	24.0	28.3	19.0
30 to 44 minutes	1,705	1,275	430	10.2	14.3	5.5
45 to 59 minutes	550	410	145	3.3	4.6	1.8
60 minutes and over	270	195	75	1.6	2.2	1.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,770	8,930	7,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,145	920	225	6.8	10.3	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,865	2,105	760	17.1	23.6	9.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,595	3,275	3,325	39.3	36.7	42.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,280	1,255	2,020	19.6	14.1	25.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	965	330	635	5.8	3.7	8.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,920	1,045	875	11.4	11.7	11.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,520	4,290	4,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,305	630	685	15.3	14.7	16.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,215	3,660	3,555	84.7	85.3	83.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,220	3,115	3,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	990	450	535	15.9	14.4	17.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	745	355	390	12.0	11.4	12.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	245	100	145	3.9	3.2	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,230	2,665	2,565	84.1	85.6	82.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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