Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Don Valley NorthMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,663
Population, 2016¹	110,076
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3
Total private dwellings²	48,469
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,784
Population density per square kilometre	4,669.6
Land area in square kilometres	24.34
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,665
0 to 14 years	14,180
0 to 4 years	4,310
5 to 9 years	4,865
10 to 14 years	5,005
15 to 64 years	76,410
15 to 19 years	5,210
20 to 24 years	7,535
25 to 29 years	10,470
30 to 34 years	9,905
35 to 39 years	8,285
40 to 44 years	7,040
45 to 49 years	6,875
50 to 54 years	7,300
55 to 59 years	7,195
60 to 64 years	6,600
65 years and over	23,080
65 to 69 years	6,010
70 to 74 years	5,730
75 to 79 years	4,210
80 to 84 years	3,505
85 years and over	3,620
85 to 89 years	2,120
90 to 94 years	1,120
95 to 99 years	325
100 years and over	50
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5
15 to 64 years	67.2
65 years and over	20.3
85 years and over	3.2
Average age of the population	43.0
Median age of the population	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,785
Single-detached house	8,830
Semi-detached house	3,575
Row house	4,140
Apartment or flat in a duplex	600
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,935
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25,675
Other single-attached house	25
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,785
1 person	12,555
2 persons	14,885
3 persons	8,555
4 persons	6,360
5 or more persons	3,440
Number of persons in private households	112,590
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,485
Married or living common-law	53,850
Married	48,985
Living common-law	4,865
Living common law - Never married	3,805
Living common law - Separated	155
Living common law - Divorced	835
Living common law - Widowed	70
Not married and not living common-law	45,635
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,715
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,305
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,865
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,755
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,640
2 persons	15,815
3 persons	8,400
4 persons	5,795
5 or more persons	1,625
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,645
Total couple families	25,705
Married couples	23,275
With children⁶	13,205
Without children	10,075
Common-law couples	2,430
With children⁶	595
Without children	1,835
Total one-parent families	5,930
in which the parent is a woman+	5,030
in which the parent is a man+	900
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,590
Total - Persons in census families	88,640
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,415
Parents in one-parent families	5,935
Children⁶	31,295
In a two-parent family	22,665
In a one-parent family	8,625
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,950
Living alone	12,550
Living with other relatives⁷	3,915
Living with non-relatives only	7,480
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,785
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,370
Couple-family households	21,820
With children⁶	11,865
Without children	9,955
One-parent-family households	4,550
Multigenerational households⁸	1,695
Multiple-census-family households⁹	420
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,825
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,920
One-person households	12,550
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,195
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,220
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,335
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,740
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,375
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,780
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	98,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,410
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,435
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,340
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,335
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,905
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,260
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,215
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	98,430
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,425
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,295
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,425
Without total income	5,235
With total income	93,195
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,935
$10,000 to $19,999	11,975
$20,000 to $29,999	15,665
$30,000 to $39,999	11,110
$40,000 to $49,999	8,700
$50,000 to $59,999	7,110
$60,000 to $69,999	5,635
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585
$80,000 to $89,999	3,950
$90,000 to $99,999	3,180
$100,000 and over	10,360
$100,000 to $149,999	7,150
$150,000 and over	3,210
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,425
Without after-tax income	5,210
With after-tax income	93,220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,240
$10,000 to $19,999	12,525
$20,000 to $29,999	17,190
$30,000 to $39,999	12,640
$40,000 to $49,999	10,000
$50,000 to $59,999	7,815
$60,000 to $69,999	6,140
$70,000 to $79,999	4,595
$80,000 to $89,999	3,670
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250
$100,000 and over	5,145
$100,000 to $124,999	2,690
$125,000 and over	2,450
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,425
Without employment income	34,090
With employment income	64,335
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,215
$5,000 to $9,999	6,435
$10,000 to $19,999	7,560
$20,000 to $29,999	5,240
$30,000 to $39,999	5,110
$40,000 to $49,999	5,010
$50,000 to $59,999	4,645
$60,000 to $69,999	3,860
$70,000 to $79,999	3,220
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505
$100,000 and over	7,570
$100,000 to $124,999	3,835
$125,000 and over	3,730
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,265
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,290
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,710
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,930
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,750
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	98,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,530
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,550
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,935
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,175
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,700
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,705
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	98,430
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,815
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,985
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8
Employment income (%)	70.0
Government transfers (%)	11.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,785
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,550
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,235
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,785
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,555
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,150
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,080
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,230
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,300
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,785
Under $5,000	1,290
$5,000 to $9,999	475
$10,000 to $14,999	505
$15,000 to $19,999	845
$20,000 to $24,999	1,825
$25,000 to $29,999	1,335
$30,000 to $34,999	1,465
$35,000 to $39,999	1,520
$40,000 to $44,999	1,510
$45,000 to $49,999	1,505
$50,000 to $59,999	3,175
$60,000 to $69,999	3,140
$70,000 to $79,999	2,965
$80,000 to $89,999	2,995
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640
$100,000 and over	18,595
$100,000 to $124,999	5,610
$125,000 to $149,999	3,865
$150,000 to $199,999	4,580
$200,000 and over	4,535
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,785
Under $5,000	1,380
$5,000 to $9,999	480
$10,000 to $14,999	530
$15,000 to $19,999	890
$20,000 to $24,999	1,935
$25,000 to $29,999	1,420
$30,000 to $34,999	1,640
$35,000 to $39,999	1,750
$40,000 to $44,999	1,750
$45,000 to $49,999	1,890
$50,000 to $59,999	3,805
$60,000 to $69,999	3,830
$70,000 to $79,999	3,600
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290
$90,000 to $99,999	2,880
$100,000 and over	14,710
$100,000 to $124,999	5,335
$125,000 to $149,999	3,495
$150,000 and over	5,880
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,345
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,490
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,885
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,455
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,030
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,365
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,490
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,820
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,520
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,015
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,590
0 to 17 years	17,220
0 to 5 years	5,175
18 to 64 years	73,105
65 years and over	22,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,195
0 to 17 years	2,765
0 to 5 years	810
18 to 64 years	9,710
65 years and over	3,720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3
65 years and over (%)	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,590
0 to 17 years	17,220
0 to 5 years	5,180
18 to 64 years	73,100
65 years and over	22,265
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,475
0 to 17 years	1,655
0 to 5 years	470
18 to 64 years	8,365
65 years and over	1,455
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4
65 years and over (%)	6.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,590
In bottom half of the distribution	59,265
In bottom decile	15,920
In second decile	11,500
In third decile	11,085
In fourth decile	10,585
In fifth decile	10,175
In top half of the distribution	53,320
In sixth decile	10,035
In seventh decile	10,060
In eighth decile	10,335
In ninth decile	11,060
In top decile	11,830
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,590
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.362
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.475
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.319
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,780
English only	98,645
French only	70
English and French	7,525
Neither English nor French	6,540
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,780
English	103,880
French	1,025
English and French	1,440
Neither English nor French	6,430
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,780
Single responses	104,040
Official languages	36,065
English	35,220
French	850
Non-official languages	67,970
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,970
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,020
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	170
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	160
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,835
Amharic	120
Arabic	2,490
Aramaic languages	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	15
Hebrew	105
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	490
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	480
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,715
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65
Cebuano	110
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	80
Ilocano	255
Indonesian	270
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40
Creole languages	80
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20
Dravidian languages	2,900
Kannada	110
Malayalam	550
Tamil	1,275
Telugu	950
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	25,140
Albanian	295
Armenian	1,220
Balto-Slavic languages	3,180
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	45
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	3,125
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	110
Czech	70
Macedonian	265
Polish	340
Russian	1,595
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	495
Bosnian	15
Croatian	90
Serbian	380
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	150
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	565
Frisian	0
High German languages	450
German	330
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	100
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	35
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,160
Indo-Iranian languages	13,460
Indo-Aryan languages	5,390
Assamese	0
Bengali	725
Gujarati	950
Hindi	1,480
Kacchi	120
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	75
Marathi	285
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	50
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	440
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	160
Urdu	1,015
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	8,070
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	215
Parsi	10
Pashto	115
Persian languages	7,700
Dari	775
Iranian Persian	6,165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	760
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,245
Catalan	0
Italian	775
Portuguese	895
Romanian	1,345
Spanish	2,220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	380
Korean	3,560
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	265
Akan (Twi)	50
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	10
Soninke	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	50
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	26,815
Chinese languages	26,760
Hakka	150
Mandarin	16,000
Min Dong	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	475
Wu (Shanghainese)	215
Yue (Cantonese)	9,700
Chinese, n.o.s.	175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	50
Burmese	40
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	10
Thai	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	915
Azerbaijani	150
Kazakh	20
Turkish	660
Uyghur	25
Uzbek	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	555
Estonian	55
Finnish	50
Hungarian	455
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	8,735
English and French	340
English and non-official language(s)	7,155
French and non-official language(s)	160
English, French and non-official language(s)	220
Multiple non-official languages	865
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,780
English	39,265
French	185
Non-official language	24,545
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	24,545
English and French	855
English and non-official language(s)	44,390
French and non-official language(s)	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,455
Multiple non-official languages	1,990
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,780
Single responses	101,850
Official languages	55,515
English	55,135
French	380
Non-official languages	46,340
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,650
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	75
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,565
Amharic	70
Arabic	1,405
Aramaic languages	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	10
Hebrew	30
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,230
Bikol	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	140
Indonesian	130
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,730
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	45
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	1,880
Kannada	50
Malayalam	355
Tamil	915
Telugu	560
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,755
Albanian	130
Armenian	890
Balto-Slavic languages	1,715
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,690
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	65
Czech	10
Macedonian	105
Polish	100
Russian	1,065
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	270
Bosnian	5
Croatian	25
Serbian	235
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	60
Frisian	0
High German languages	45
German	35
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	635
Indo-Iranian languages	9,250
Indo-Aryan languages	3,215
Assamese	0
Bengali	455
Gujarati	540
Hindi	965
Kacchi	65
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	20
Marathi	140
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	25
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75
Urdu	625
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	6,040
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	135
Parsi	5
Pashto	85
Persian languages	5,790
Dari	525
Iranian Persian	4,640
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	630
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,065
Catalan	0
Italian	335
Portuguese	640
Romanian	695
Spanish	1,390
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	200
Korean	2,795
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	75
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20,595
Chinese languages	20,560
Hakka	45
Mandarin	12,795
Min Dong	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	135
Yue (Cantonese)	7,195
Chinese, n.o.s.	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	35
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	5
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	565
Azerbaijani	85
Kazakh	5
Turkish	440
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	195
Estonian	15
Finnish	10
Hungarian	165
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	10,925
English and French	230
English and non-official language(s)	10,295
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	120
Multiple non-official languages	245
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,775
None	72,730
English	17,295
French	865
Non-official language	16,080
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	16,075
English and French	285
English and non-official language(s)	2,545
French and non-official language(s)	605
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	2,305
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,590
Official languages	106,080
English	106,005
French	7,565
Non-official languages	83,875
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	83,870
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,750
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	15
Cushitic languages	265
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	260
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,515
Amharic	115
Arabic	3,905
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	440
Maltese	35
Tigrigna	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	810
Khmer (Cambodian)	30
Vietnamese	775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5,205
Bikol	40
Bisaya, n.o.s.	115
Cebuano	225
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	115
Ilocano	425
Indonesian	255
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35
Pangasinan	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,640
Waray-Waray	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	135
Creole languages	265
Haitian Creole	40
Jamaican English Creole	30
Krio	0
Morisyen	110
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30
Dravidian languages	4,450
Kannada	365
Malayalam	860
Tamil	2,335
Telugu	1,430
Tulu	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	34,540
Albanian	280
Armenian	1,585
Balto-Slavic languages	4,095
Baltic languages	90
Latvian	75
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	4,025
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	160
Czech	95
Macedonian	335
Polish	395
Russian	2,390
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	625
Bosnian	95
Croatian	185
Serbian	510
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	65
Ukrainian	315
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,335
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,060
German	855
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	205
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220
Afrikaans	85
Dutch	130
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	70
Danish	35
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,825
Indo-Iranian languages	19,325
Indo-Aryan languages	9,850
Assamese	0
Bengali	915
Gujarati	2,040
Hindi	5,995
Kacchi	285
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	210
Marathi	705
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	70
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,260
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	60
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	420
Urdu	2,245
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	90
Iranian languages	9,620
Baluchi	30
Kurdish	230
Parsi	15
Pashto	240
Persian languages	9,340
Dari	960
Iranian Persian	7,770
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	670
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	7,605
Catalan	0
Italian	1,415
Portuguese	1,200
Romanian	1,595
Spanish	3,835
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20
Japanese	935
Korean	4,200
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	970
Akan (Twi)	80
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	25
Ganda	60
Gikuyu	15
Igbo	50
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	25
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20
Swahili	330
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	45
Yoruba	190
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	30,655
Chinese languages	30,575
Hakka	235
Mandarin	21,695
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	820
Wu (Shanghainese)	295
Yue (Cantonese)	12,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibeto-Burman languages	95
Burmese	85
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	95
Lao	10
Thai	80
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	1,575
Azerbaijani	330
Kazakh	15
Turkish	1,320
Uyghur	25
Uzbek	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20
Uralic languages	560
Estonian	45
Finnish	65
Hungarian	450
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,590
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	375
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	340
First Nations (North American Indian)	230
Métis	110
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	112,210
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,590
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,785
Owner	25,990
Renter	19,790
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,785
Condominium	19,420
Not condominium	26,360
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,785
No bedrooms	750
1 bedroom	11,190
2 bedrooms	13,015
3 bedrooms	10,870
4 or more bedrooms	9,955
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,785
1 to 4 rooms	23,525
5 rooms	6,410
6 rooms	4,860
7 rooms	3,860
8 or more rooms	7,125
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,785
One person or fewer per room	42,660
More than one person per room	3,125
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,785
Suitable	39,725
Not suitable	6,060
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,785
1960 or before	4,105
1961 to 1980	22,140
1981 to 1990	3,730
1991 to 2000	2,325
2001 to 2005	2,060
2006 to 2010	2,355
2011 to 2015	4,230
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,830
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,785
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,145
Major repairs needed	2,645
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,785
One-maintainer household	23,950
Two-maintainer household	18,095
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,735
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,785
15 to 24 years	1,285
25 to 34 years	7,610
35 to 44 years	7,845
45 to 54 years	7,780
55 to 64 years	7,690
65 to 74 years	6,710
75 to 84 years	4,650
85 years and over	2,215
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,305
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,700
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,605
30% to less than 100%	13,705
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,785
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	22,265
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,950
Not suitable only	3,945
Major repairs needed only	1,435
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,725
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	825
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100
Acceptable housing	23,515
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,405
In core need	8,245
Not in core need	34,155
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,990
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.4
% in core housing need⁶³	13.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,904
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,018,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,795
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.7
% in core housing need⁶³	27.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,754
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,590
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	60
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55
Métis single ancestry	10
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	360
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	350
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	112,175
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,590
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,300
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,545
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,760
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	29,290
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,590
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	34,110
Immigrants⁸¹	68,280
Before 1980	8,960
1980 to 1990	7,495
1991 to 2000	13,900
2001 to 2010	16,920
2011 to 2021⁸²	20,995
2011 to 2015	9,235
2016 to 2021	11,760
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10,200
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	68,275
Under 5 years	4,725
5 to 14 years	9,640
15 to 24 years	10,055
25 to 44 years	34,910
45 years and over	8,950
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	68,275
Americas	5,380
Brazil	320
Colombia	455
El Salvador	120
Guyana	515
Haiti	25
Jamaica	1,080
Mexico	340
Peru	140
Trinidad and Tobago	470
United States of America	795
Other places of birth in Americas	1,110
Europe	8,200
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75
Croatia	85
France	135
Germany	355
Greece	845
Hungary	250
Italy	685
Netherlands	85
Poland	330
Portugal	155
Romania	1,430
Russian Federation	860
Serbia⁸⁶	265
Ukraine	350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	945
Other places of birth in Europe	1,345
Africa	3,250
Algeria	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70
Egypt	750
Eritrea	35
Ethiopia	95
Morocco	55
Nigeria	220
Somalia	150
South Africa, Republic of	325
Other places of birth in Africa	1,510
Asia	51,380
Afghanistan	715
Iran⁸⁸	6,700
Iraq	590
Lebanon	525
Syria⁸⁹	810
Turkey	450
China⁹⁰	15,720
Hong Kong⁹¹	5,215
Korea, South⁹²	2,930
Taiwan	1,095
Philippines	4,605
Viet Nam	605
Bangladesh	485
India	5,540
Pakistan	1,265
Sri Lanka	980
Other places of birth in Asia	3,140
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	11,765
Americas	875
Brazil	170
Colombia	45
Haiti	0
Jamaica	105
Mexico	75
United States of America	175
Venezuela⁹⁵	100
Other places of birth in Americas	200
Europe	605
France	15
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20
Italy	0
Russian Federation	150
Ukraine	70
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50
Other places of birth in Europe	285
Africa	655
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	135
Eritrea	10
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	15
Nigeria	130
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	25
Sudan⁹⁷	50
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	170
Asia	9,635
Afghanistan	170
Bangladesh	110
China⁹⁰	2,320
Hong Kong⁹¹	100
India	2,870
Iran⁸⁸	1,015
Iraq	60
Israel	15
Japan	30
Jordan	25
Korea, South⁹²	345
Lebanon	80
Nepal	0
Pakistan	395
Philippines	865
Saudi Arabia	105
Sri Lanka	45
Syria⁸⁹	420
Turkey	160
United Arab Emirates	60
Viet Nam	85
Other places of birth in Asia	345
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,590
First generation¹⁰⁰	79,540
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,855
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	59,315
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	39,230
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	17,030
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	22,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,700
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,630
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	760
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	59,315
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,980
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,005
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,750
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	4,255
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	46,190
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,590
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	83,875
South Asian	15,560
Chinese	32,915
Black	5,720
Filipino	5,680
Arab	2,800
Latin American	2,485
Southeast Asian	1,360
West Asian	8,945
Korean	4,350
Japanese	620
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	835
Multiple visible minorities	2,595
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,715
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,590
Canadian	4,080
English	4,310
Irish	3,595
Scottish	3,330
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,360
German	2,045
Chinese	30,305
Italian	2,650
Indian (India)	9,490
Ukrainian	1,040
Dutch	480
Polish	1,585
Québécois	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,190
Filipino	5,700
French Canadian	250
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	820
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	135
Métis	65
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	865
Russian	2,015
Norwegian	170
Welsh	310
Portuguese	1,085
American	420
Spanish	1,120
Swedish	155
Hungarian	780
Acadian	35
Pakistani	1,240
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,180
Jewish	2,140
Punjabi	345
Vietnamese	910
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	945
Greek	2,270
Jamaican	1,305
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,820
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10
Korean	4,195
Romanian	1,730
Lebanese	480
Iranian	6,485
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	710
Danish	150
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	75
Sikh	100
Austrian	295
Belgian	75
Haitian	50
Hindu	1,720
Mexican	545
Mennonite	10
Swiss	130
Finnish	285
Sri Lankan	945
Croatian	250
Japanese	775
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	730
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75
Muslim	770
Egyptian	840
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395
Tamil	815
Icelandic	20
Colombian	505
Moroccan	95
Czech	205
Syrian	470
Guyanese	510
Afghan	980
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	625
Serbian	430
Ojibway	30
Newfoundlander	40
Hong Konger	1,640
Ontarian	130
Persian	2,220
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	385
Turkish	805
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10
Bangladeshi	420
Algerian	70
Brazilian	550
Nigerian	270
Armenian	1,680
Slovak	155
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	280
Somali	350
Taiwanese	920
Iraqi	385
Salvadorean	125
African Caribbean	425
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	845
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	580
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	440
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	410
Lithuanian	130
South African	240
Australian	20
Palestinian	200
Chilean	115
Congolese	85
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	120
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	285
Peruvian	185
Yoruba	130
Cambodian (Khmer)	50
Berber	10
Albanian	395
Maltese	75
Macedonian	480
Slovenian	50
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	330
Eritrean	80
African Canadian	215
Israeli	170
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20
Bulgarian	190
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	95
Barbadian	200
African American	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55
Tunisian	30
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	130
Cuban	80
Bosnian	85
Venezuelan	220
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	135
Bengali	235
Cameroonian	70
Guatemalan	55
Indonesian	210
Laotian	40
Ilocano	145
Northern Irish	50
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	105
Franco Ontarian	35
Argentinian	10
Estonian	35
Kurdish	285
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10
Coptic	205
Thai	80
Dominican	100
Nepali	50
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	20
Igbo	55
Byelorussian	105
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	65
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	160
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	120
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	160
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	70
Ivorian	25
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	40
Tigrinya	25
Nicaraguan	35
Mauritian	115
Kenyan	105
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	60
Jordanian	95
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	95
Malayali	50
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	210
Mayan	35
Honduran	45
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	95
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	25
Senegalese	30
Azerbaijani	335
Sicilian	25
Pashtun	40
Malay	70
Goan	105
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15
Tibetan	10
Zimbabwean	20
Burmese	50
Mongolian	30
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	90
Ugandan	145
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	100
Yemeni	25
Central African	0
Libyan	35
Basque	0
Uruguayan	45
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	45
Igorot	25
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	25
St. Lucian	35
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	145
Roma	0
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	35
Singaporean	35
Karen	0
Edo	45
Tajik	105
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,585
Buddhist	2,920
Christian	45,110
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,390
Anabaptist	55
Anglican	1,715
Baptist	1,445
Catholic	18,440
Christian Orthodox	6,095
Jehovah's Witness	250
Latter Day Saints	105
Lutheran	355
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	155
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	645
Presbyterian	1,595
Reformed	45
United Church	940
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,875
Hindu	7,540
Jewish	3,285
Muslim	13,100
Sikh	600
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,540
No religion and secular perspectives	38,465
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,770
Non-movers	95,445
Movers	16,330
Non-migrants	11,120
Migrants	5,210
Internal migrants	2,640
Intraprovincial migrants	2,155
Interprovincial migrants	480
External migrants	2,570
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,215
Non-movers	63,265
Movers	44,950
Non-migrants	20,275
Migrants	24,675
Internal migrants	8,850
Intraprovincial migrants	6,955
Interprovincial migrants	1,890
External migrants	15,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,430
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,295
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	88,130
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,120
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,340
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,570
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,805
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,450
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,510
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	940
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,770
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,605
Bachelor's degree or higher	48,980
Bachelor's degree	30,300
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,480
Master's degree	12,155
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,800
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,750
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,600
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,330
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	535
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,440
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,535
Bachelor's degree	23,465
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,400
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,065
Master's degree	10,330
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,620
Education	3,120
13. Education	3,120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,715
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210
50. Visual and performing arts	2,505
Humanities	3,870
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	720
23. English language and literature/letters	1,125
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	935
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	220
39. Theology and religious vocations	335
54. History	330
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	790
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,105
22. Legal professions and studies	1,300
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115
42. Psychology	1,250
45. Social sciences	3,530
Business, management and public administration	17,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35
44. Public administration and social service professions	730
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,840
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	810
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100
40. Physical sciences	1,190
41. Science technologies/technicians	105
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,405
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,955
25. Library science	195
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,055
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	195
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,040
04. Architecture and related services	950
14. Engineering	8,670
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,985
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	520
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	650
48. Precision production	265
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	410
03. Natural resources and conservation	255
Health and related fields	7,605
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	440
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,725
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	435
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,690
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	300
49. Transportation and materials moving	280
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,860
Education	1,865
13. Education	1,865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,020
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160
50. Visual and performing arts	1,860
Humanities	2,765
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	550
23. English language and literature/letters	825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155
39. Theology and religious vocations	270
54. History	220
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780
22. Legal professions and studies	1,025
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80
42. Psychology	880
45. Social sciences	2,605
Business, management and public administration	13,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,980
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	570
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85
40. Physical sciences	850
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,360
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,310
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	780
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	160
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,035
04. Architecture and related services	745
14. Engineering	6,980
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	340
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	410
48. Precision production	150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	510
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300
03. Natural resources and conservation	210
Health and related fields	5,430
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,820
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,195
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	730
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	265
49. Transportation and materials moving	195
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,860
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,600
Location of study inside Canada	26,350
Same as province or territory of residence	24,550
Different than province or territory of residence	1,795
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25,255
Americas	2,800
United States of America	1,450
Mexico	190
Cuba	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	80
Brazil	475
Colombia	170
Peru	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	110
Other locations of study in Americas	255
Europe	3,130
Belgium	10
France	115
Germany	90
Netherlands	65
Switzerland	10
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	25
Poland	55
Romania	635
Russian Federation	445
Ukraine	155
Ireland⁹⁶	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	905
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	35
Serbia⁸⁶	60
Other locations of study in Europe	460
Africa	805
Nigeria	115
Algeria	30
Morocco	15
Tunisia	10
Egypt	310
South Africa, Republic of	45
Other locations of study in Africa	285
Asia	18,310
Iran⁸⁸	2,580
Iraq	140
Israel	50
Lebanon	130
Syria⁸⁹	150
Turkey	210
China⁹⁰	5,185
Taiwan	225
Hong Kong⁹¹	385
Japan	235
Korea, South⁹²	1,045
Philippines	1,920
Viet Nam	100
Bangladesh	165
Sri Lanka	125
India	4,555
Pakistan	460
Other locations of study in Asia	660
Oceania	205
Australia	185
New Zealand	20
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	98,425
In the labour force	60,055
Employed	51,425
Unemployed	8,630
Not in the labour force	38,375
Participation rate	61.0
Employment rate	52.2
Unemployment rate	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	98,425
Did not work¹⁸⁶	40,515
Worked	57,915
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,555
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,360
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,055
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,595
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,460
Employee	47,655
Permanent position	39,205
Temporary position	8,450
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,650
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,800
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,805
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,055
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,595
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,460
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	580
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,750
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,270
3 Health occupations	4,260
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,375
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,180
6 Sales and service occupations	13,305
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,695
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	230
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,805
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,055
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,595
All industries¹⁹¹	57,460
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45
22 Utilities	275
23 Construction	2,620
31-33 Manufacturing	3,900
41 Wholesale trade	1,890
44-45 Retail trade	5,400
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,615
51 Information and cultural industries	1,845
52 Finance and insurance	5,675
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,675
55 Management of companies and enterprises	390
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,945
61 Educational services	4,090
62 Health care and social assistance	6,385
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	780
72 Accommodation and food services	2,920
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,070
91 Public administration	1,940
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,170
English	54,075
French	135
Non-official language	1,675
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,675
English and French	815
English and non-official language(s)	6,170
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	150
Multiple non-official languages	145
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,170
Single responses	61,765
Official languages	58,520
English	58,300
French	220
Non-official languages	3,245
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	35
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	35
Amharic	0
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	15
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	580
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	55
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	40
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	355
Indo-Aryan languages	20
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	340
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	340
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	295
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	25
Romanian	0
Spanish	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	405
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,115
Chinese languages	2,115
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,660
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	440
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,405
English and French	140
English and non-official language(s)	1,220
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,170
None	57,120
English	1,345
French	620
Non-official language	3,265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	3,265
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	195
French and non-official language(s)	110
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	520
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,420
Worked at home	21,095
Worked outside Canada	465
No fixed workplace address	5,050
Usual place of work	24,815
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,015
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,760
Commute to a different province or territory	40
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,865
Car, truck or van	19,965
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,900
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,065
Public transit	7,920
Walked	970
Bicycle	100
Other method	910
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,865
Less than 15 minutes	4,010
15 to 29 minutes	9,625
30 to 44 minutes	8,495
45 to 59 minutes	3,520
60 minutes and over	4,215
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,865
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,115
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,875
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,925
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,400
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,325
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,265
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,985
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	740
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	315
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,925

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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