Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Language used most often at work
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Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic LakelandMore information:
Alberta
[Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
 Remove		 Lac la Biche County, Specialized municipality (SM)More information:
Alberta
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 Fort McMurray--Cold LakeMore information:
Alberta
[Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 105,993 ... ... ... ... ... 7,673E ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 108,677r ... ... ... ... ... 8,330 ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 - 2.5 ... ... - 2.5 ... ... - 7.9E ... ... - 7.9E ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Total private dwellings2 50,146 ... ... ... ... ... 3,777 ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 41,463 ... ... ... ... ... 2,949 ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 3.4 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 0.6 ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 31,028.15 ... ... ... ... ... 12,528.25 ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 105,995 53,400 52,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,675 3,865 3,810 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,515 57,685 52,825 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 20,930 10,785 10,145 19.7 20.2 19.3 1,425 720 705 18.6 18.6 18.5 25,140 12,870 12,270 22.7 22.3 23.2
0 to 4 years 6,260 3,235 3,025 5.9 6.1 5.8 445 230 215 5.8 6.0 5.6 8,405 4,300 4,105 7.6 7.5 7.8
5 to 9 years 7,080 3,645 3,435 6.7 6.8 6.5 480 225 260 6.3 5.8 6.8 8,900 4,560 4,345 8.1 7.9 8.2
10 to 14 years 7,595 3,905 3,690 7.2 7.3 7.0 500 265 235 6.5 6.9 6.2 7,830 4,015 3,820 7.1 7.0 7.2
15 to 64 years 65,090 32,940 32,145 61.4 61.7 61.1 4,875 2,435 2,445 63.5 63.0 64.2 77,895 40,915 36,980 70.5 70.9 70.0
15 to 19 years 6,780 3,530 3,245 6.4 6.6 6.2 510 255 255 6.6 6.6 6.7 6,405 3,400 3,005 5.8 5.9 5.7
20 to 24 years 5,070 2,660 2,415 4.8 5.0 4.6 415 220 200 5.4 5.7 5.2 6,035 3,275 2,760 5.5 5.7 5.2
25 to 29 years 5,440 2,755 2,680 5.1 5.2 5.1 395 195 200 5.1 5.0 5.2 7,805 3,965 3,840 7.1 6.9 7.3
30 to 34 years 6,320 3,170 3,155 6.0 5.9 6.0 490 250 240 6.4 6.5 6.3 10,455 5,225 5,230 9.5 9.1 9.9
35 to 39 years 6,980 3,430 3,550 6.6 6.4 6.7 455 235 215 5.9 6.1 5.6 11,020 5,705 5,315 10.0 9.9 10.1
40 to 44 years 6,680 3,375 3,305 6.3 6.3 6.3 460 215 245 6.0 5.6 6.4 9,120 4,720 4,405 8.3 8.2 8.3
45 to 49 years 6,310 3,180 3,130 6.0 6.0 6.0 445 220 225 5.8 5.7 5.9 7,535 4,115 3,420 6.8 7.1 6.5
50 to 54 years 6,505 3,295 3,210 6.1 6.2 6.1 525 255 270 6.8 6.6 7.1 6,985 3,685 3,305 6.3 6.4 6.3
55 to 59 years 7,495 3,755 3,735 7.1 7.0 7.1 635 300 335 8.3 7.8 8.8 7,020 3,785 3,235 6.4 6.6 6.1
60 to 64 years 7,510 3,795 3,715 7.1 7.1 7.1 545 285 260 7.1 7.4 6.8 5,505 3,045 2,465 5.0 5.3 4.7
65 years and over 19,975 9,665 10,300 18.8 18.1 19.6 1,370 710 660 17.9 18.4 17.3 7,480 3,900 3,580 6.8 6.8 6.8
65 to 69 years 6,400 3,295 3,100 6.0 6.2 5.9 505 265 240 6.6 6.9 6.3 3,290 1,805 1,485 3.0 3.1 2.8
70 to 74 years 5,045 2,505 2,540 4.8 4.7 4.8 370 200 170 4.8 5.2 4.5 1,905 995 910 1.7 1.7 1.7
75 to 79 years 3,465 1,695 1,770 3.3 3.2 3.4 225 120 105 2.9 3.1 2.8 1,140 575 565 1.0 1.0 1.1
80 to 84 years 2,375 1,105 1,265 2.2 2.1 2.4 155 85 70 2.0 2.2 1.8 645 325 320 0.6 0.6 0.6
85 years and over 2,690 1,065 1,620 2.5 2.0 3.1 115 45 65 1.5 1.2 1.7 500 200 300 0.5 0.3 0.6
85 to 89 years 1,645 720 925 1.6 1.3 1.8 70 25 45 0.9 0.6 1.2 330 140 190 0.3 0.2 0.4
90 to 94 years 770 280 490 0.7 0.5 0.9 30 15 15 0.4 0.4 0.4 130 50 85 0.1 0.1 0.2
95 to 99 years 235 65 175 0.2 0.1 0.3 5 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
100 years and over 45 5 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 19.7 20.2 19.3 19.7 20.2 19.3 18.6 18.6 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.5 22.7 22.3 23.2 22.7 22.3 23.2
15 to 64 years 61.4 61.7 61.1 61.4 61.7 61.1 63.5 63.0 64.2 63.5 63.0 64.2 70.5 70.9 70.0 70.5 70.9 70.0
65 years and over 18.8 18.1 19.6 18.8 18.1 19.6 17.9 18.4 17.3 17.9 18.4 17.3 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
85 years and over 2.5 2.0 3.1 2.5 2.0 3.1 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6
Average age of the population 40.9 40.3 41.6 40.9 40.3 41.6 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 34.4 34.7 34.2 34.4 34.7 34.2
Median age of the population 41.2 40.4 41.6 41.2 40.4 41.6 41.6 41.2 42.0 41.6 41.2 42.0 34.8 35.2 34.4 34.8 35.2 34.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 41,465 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,270 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 33,375 ... ... 80.5 ... ... 2,320 ... ... 78.8 ... ... 23,080 ... ... 57.3 ... ...
Semi-detached house 735 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 35 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 1,930 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Row house 810 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 45 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 3,145 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 425 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 555 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 3,405 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 170 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 6,710 ... ... 16.7 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 50 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 845 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Other single-attached house 120 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 2,540 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 350 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 3,995 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 41,460 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,270 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 11,420 ... ... 27.5 ... ... 710 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 9,095 ... ... 22.6 ... ...
2 persons 15,195 ... ... 36.6 ... ... 1,060 ... ... 35.9 ... ... 12,490 ... ... 31.0 ... ...
3 persons 5,525 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 450 ... ... 15.3 ... ... 7,040 ... ... 17.5 ... ...
4 persons 5,165 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 410 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 6,820 ... ... 16.9 ... ...
5 or more persons 4,160 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 320 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 4,820 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 102,575 51,940 50,630 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,820 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,525 57,090 52,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 85,055 42,610 42,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,250 3,145 3,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 85,370 44,815 40,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 50,845 25,495 25,350 59.8 59.8 59.7 3,850 1,920 1,935 61.6 61.0 62.3 52,885 26,805 26,080 61.9 59.8 64.3
Married 42,505 21,325 21,185 50.0 50.0 49.9 3,220 1,600 1,615 51.5 50.9 52.0 40,730 20,755 19,975 47.7 46.3 49.2
Living common-law 8,335 4,175 4,160 9.8 9.8 9.8 635 315 320 10.2 10.0 10.3 12,155 6,050 6,105 14.2 13.5 15.1
Living common law - Never married 5,870 2,950 2,920 6.9 6.9 6.9 455 225 235 7.3 7.2 7.6 9,725 4,845 4,880 11.4 10.8 12.0
Living common law - Separated 380 200 180 0.4 0.5 0.4 30 15 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 485 265 215 0.6 0.6 0.5
Living common law - Divorced 1,860 945 915 2.2 2.2 2.2 135 70 65 2.2 2.2 2.1 1,835 900 935 2.1 2.0 2.3
Living common law - Widowed 235 80 155 0.3 0.2 0.4 10 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 110 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.2
Not married and not living common-law 34,215 17,115 17,100 40.2 40.2 40.3 2,395 1,225 1,170 38.3 39.0 37.7 32,485 18,010 14,480 38.1 40.2 35.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married 21,940 12,490 9,445 25.8 29.3 22.3 1,620 915 705 25.9 29.1 22.7 24,165 14,245 9,915 28.3 31.8 24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated 2,120 1,005 1,120 2.5 2.4 2.6 150 65 80 2.4 2.1 2.6 2,260 1,165 1,100 2.6 2.6 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 5,005 2,435 2,570 5.9 5.7 6.1 290 150 140 4.6 4.8 4.5 4,045 2,060 1,990 4.7 4.6 4.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 5,155 1,185 3,965 6.1 2.8 9.3 335 90 245 5.4 2.9 7.9 2,015 535 1,480 2.4 1.2 3.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 29,150 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30,150 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 15,450 ... ... 53.0 ... ... 1,130 ... ... 51.2 ... ... 13,325 ... ... 44.2 ... ...
3 persons 5,320 ... ... 18.3 ... ... 445 ... ... 20.2 ... ... 6,860 ... ... 22.8 ... ...
4 persons 4,955 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 380 ... ... 17.2 ... ... 6,590 ... ... 21.9 ... ...
5 or more persons 3,435 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 255 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 3,375 ... ... 11.2 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 29,150 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,210 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 30,150 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 24,645 ... ... 84.5 ... ... 1,895 ... ... 85.7 ... ... 25,420 ... ... 84.3 ... ...
Married couples 20,475 ... ... 70.2 ... ... 1,575 ... ... 71.3 ... ... 19,345 ... ... 64.2 ... ...
With children6 9,895 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 800 ... ... 36.2 ... ... 12,015 ... ... 39.9 ... ...
Without children 10,580 ... ... 36.3 ... ... 775 ... ... 35.1 ... ... 7,330 ... ... 24.3 ... ...
Common-law couples 4,170 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 315 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 6,080 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
With children6 1,835 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 150 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 2,865 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
Without children 2,335 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 165 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 3,210 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
Total one-parent families 4,505 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 320 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 4,730 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 3,275 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 240 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 3,330 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 1,235 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 80 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 1,400 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 102,575 51,945 50,630 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,820 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,525 57,085 52,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 85,575 42,840 42,735 83.4 82.5 84.4 6,480 3,235 3,250 85.5 84.7 86.6 91,775 46,070 45,705 83.8 80.7 87.2
Married spouses or common-law partners 49,290 24,630 24,655 48.1 47.4 48.7 3,780 1,885 1,900 49.9 49.3 50.6 50,840 25,350 25,490 46.4 44.4 48.6
Parents in one-parent families 4,505 1,235 3,275 4.4 2.4 6.5 320 80 235 4.2 2.1 6.3 4,730 1,405 3,330 4.3 2.5 6.4
Children6 31,780 16,975 14,805 31.0 32.7 29.2 2,380 1,275 1,110 31.4 33.4 29.6 36,205 19,320 16,885 33.1 33.8 32.2
In a two-parent family 24,225 12,725 11,500 23.6 24.5 22.7 1,880 1,010 875 24.8 26.4 23.3 28,505 15,110 13,395 26.0 26.5 25.5
In a one-parent family 7,555 4,255 3,300 7.4 8.2 6.5 500 265 235 6.6 6.9 6.3 7,695 4,205 3,490 7.0 7.4 6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 17,000 9,105 7,890 16.6 17.5 15.6 1,090 585 505 14.4 15.3 13.4 17,750 11,020 6,735 16.2 19.3 12.8
Living alone 11,420 6,030 5,390 11.1 11.6 10.6 710 380 330 9.4 9.9 8.8 9,095 5,830 3,265 8.3 10.2 6.2
Living with other relatives7 2,255 1,145 1,115 2.2 2.2 2.2 175 95 80 2.3 2.5 2.1 3,105 1,600 1,505 2.8 2.8 2.9
Living with non-relatives only 3,320 1,930 1,390 3.2 3.7 2.7 205 110 95 2.7 2.9 2.5 5,550 3,585 1,965 5.1 6.3 3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 41,465 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 26,295 ... ... 63.4 ... ... 1,940 ... ... 65.8 ... ... 25,140 ... ... 62.4 ... ...
Couple-family households 22,985 ... ... 55.4 ... ... 1,730 ... ... 58.6 ... ... 21,905 ... ... 54.4 ... ...
With children6 10,845 ... ... 26.2 ... ... 870 ... ... 29.5 ... ... 12,925 ... ... 32.1 ... ...
Without children 12,135 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 855 ... ... 29.0 ... ... 8,980 ... ... 22.3 ... ...
One-parent-family households 3,305 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 215 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 3,235 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 845 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 1,415 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 170 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 330 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 1,205 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 90 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2,115 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,525 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 95 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 2,180 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
One-person households 11,420 ... ... 27.5 ... ... 710 ... ... 24.1 ... ... 9,095 ... ... 22.6 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 82,010 41,375 40,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,155 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,415 44,220 40,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 78,415 39,570 38,845 95.6 95.6 95.6 5,890 2,970 2,920 95.7 95.8 95.6 80,075 42,290 37,795 94.9 95.6 94.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 41,600 50,000 35,600 41,600 50,000 35,600 43,200 51,600 36,800 43,200 51,600 36,800 61,200 88,000 42,400 61,200 88,000 42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 78,465 39,600 38,860 95.7 95.7 95.6 5,895 2,975 2,925 95.8 96.0 95.7 80,120 42,310 37,805 94.9 95.7 94.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 37,600 44,400 33,200 37,600 44,400 33,200 38,800 46,000 33,600 38,800 46,000 33,600 53,200 72,000 38,800 53,200 72,000 38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 69,785 35,995 33,800 85.1 87.0 83.2 5,275 2,720 2,555 85.7 87.7 83.6 72,720 39,865 32,860 86.1 90.2 81.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,000 46,000 28,000 36,000 46,000 28,000 37,600 48,400 29,600 37,600 48,400 29,600 62,000 89,000 38,000 62,000 89,000 38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 58,265 30,905 27,355 71.0 74.7 67.3 4,400 2,315 2,080 71.5 74.7 68.1 66,835 37,370 29,465 79.2 84.5 73.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,000 45,600 29,400 36,000 45,600 29,400 37,600 48,000 31,200 37,600 48,000 31,200 65,000 91,000 40,000 65,000 91,000 40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 68,735 34,380 34,355 83.8 83.1 84.5 5,080 2,530 2,550 82.5 81.6 83.5 67,470 34,955 32,515 79.9 79.0 80.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,000 8,600 11,300 10,000 8,600 11,300 9,400 8,900 10,000 9,400 8,900 10,000 5,160 1,960 8,100 5,160 1,960 8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 8,615 4,590 4,025 10.5 11.1 9.9 570 290 280 9.3 9.4 9.2 10,825 4,600 6,225 12.8 10.4 15.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,040 6,280 6,000 6,040 6,280 6,000 6,160 6,280 6,000 6,160 6,280 6,000 6,280 6,000 6,280 6,280 6,000 6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 20,745 10,440 10,300 25.3 25.2 25.3 1,550 770 780 25.2 24.8 25.5 24,590 11,380 13,210 29.1 25.7 32.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 8,500 8,000 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 8,000 8,000 9,000 8,000 8,000 9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 82,025 41,455 40,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 78,385 39,650 38,730 95.6 95.6 95.5 5,925 2,970 2,960 96.3 95.8 97.0 80,225 42,205 38,025 94.9 95.5 94.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 54,000 64,000 43,720 54,000 64,000 43,720 55,450 66,500 44,360 55,450 66,500 44,360 84,400 109,400 56,700 84,400 109,400 56,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 78,425 39,685 38,745 95.6 95.7 95.5 5,935 2,980 2,960 96.5 96.1 97.0 80,285 42,255 38,030 95.0 95.6 94.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,650 38,320 45,560 52,650 38,320 46,480 54,150 38,760 46,480 54,150 38,760 66,600 83,700 47,600 66,600 83,700 47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 69,770 36,075 33,690 85.1 87.0 83.1 5,290 2,695 2,595 86.0 86.9 85.1 72,790 39,705 33,090 86.1 89.8 82.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 49,400 60,400 37,600 49,400 60,400 37,600 51,950 63,900 39,600 51,950 63,900 39,600 84,800 109,900 54,600 84,800 109,900 54,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 58,145 31,030 27,110 70.9 74.9 66.8 4,395 2,275 2,120 71.5 73.4 69.5 66,960 37,185 29,775 79.2 84.1 73.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 47,840 57,200 37,120 47,840 57,200 37,120 51,350 62,550 39,280 51,350 62,550 39,280 85,700 109,900 55,400 85,700 109,900 55,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 68,800 34,580 34,220 83.9 83.4 84.4 5,100 2,540 2,560 82.9 81.9 83.9 67,570 34,795 32,775 80.0 78.7 81.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 11,410 10,360 12,470 11,410 10,360 12,470 10,520 9,960 11,080 10,520 9,960 11,080 8,880 7,240 10,630 8,880 7,240 10,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 8,645 4,550 4,100 10.5 11.0 10.1 570 280 290 9.3 9.0 9.5 10,965 4,500 6,465 13.0 10.2 16.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,610 7,140 8,140 7,610 7,140 8,140 8,160 8,300 8,000 8,160 8,300 8,000 7,740 7,380 8,000 7,740 7,380 8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 20,675 10,535 10,145 25.2 25.4 25.0 1,430 680 745 23.3 21.9 24.4 24,190 10,980 13,210 28.6 24.8 32.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,210 9,160 9,250 9,210 9,160 9,250 9,160 9,180 9,140 9,160 9,180 9,140 9,080 8,850 9,270 9,080 8,850 9,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 82,025 41,455 40,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 25,730 15,015 10,715 31.4 36.2 26.4 2,030 1,110 925 33.0 35.8 30.3 33,135 20,365 12,765 39.2 46.1 31.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 63,200 72,500 54,800 63,200 72,500 54,800 69,500 80,000 57,200 69,500 80,000 57,200 97,000 122,000 72,500 97,000 122,000 72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 71,600 80,400 59,300 71,600 80,400 59,300 75,100 88,000 59,600 75,100 88,000 59,600 116,400 137,400 82,900 116,400 137,400 82,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 23,305 11,310 11,995 28.4 27.3 29.6 1,780 880 905 28.9 28.4 29.6 25,490 12,745 12,740 30.2 28.8 31.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 22,000 28,000 17,800 22,000 28,000 17,800 22,600 29,000 18,400 22,600 29,000 18,400 36,000 63,200 24,000 36,000 63,200 24,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 32,800 41,600 24,480 32,800 41,600 24,480 35,080 44,900 25,560 35,080 44,900 25,560 61,200 85,600 36,800 61,200 85,600 36,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 81.4 85.8 74.8 81.4 85.8 74.8 83.6 87.2 78.4 83.6 87.2 78.4 91.2 94.6 83.8 91.2 94.6 83.8
Employment income (%)19 65.8 70.0 59.4 65.8 70.0 59.4 68.6 72.2 63.5 68.6 72.2 63.5 84.8 88.6 76.6 84.8 88.6 76.6
Government transfers (%)20 18.6 14.1 25.2 18.6 14.1 25.2 16.3 12.8 21.6 16.3 12.8 21.6 8.9 5.5 16.2 8.9 5.5 16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.7 2.4 1.3 0.7 2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.1 4.2 6.6 5.1 4.2 6.6 4.5 3.5 6.1 4.5 3.5 6.1 3.6 2.3 6.4 3.6 2.3 6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.5 3.8 5.5 4.5 3.8 5.5 4.0 3.2 5.2 4.0 3.2 5.2 3.2 2.1 5.7 3.2 2.1 5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 82,010 41,370 40,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,155 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,415 44,220 40,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 3,595 1,800 1,795 4.4 4.4 4.4 260 130 135 4.2 4.2 4.4 4,330 1,940 2,400 5.1 4.4 6.0
With total income 78,415 39,575 38,845 95.6 95.7 95.6 5,890 2,970 2,920 95.7 95.8 95.6 80,075 42,290 37,795 94.9 95.6 94.0
Under $10,000 (including loss) 6,850 2,925 3,925 8.7 7.4 10.1 480 170 310 8.1 5.7 10.6 6,975 2,230 4,745 8.7 5.3 12.6
$10,000 to $19,999 8,525 3,520 5,005 10.9 8.9 12.9 660 250 415 11.2 8.4 14.2 5,885 2,105 3,780 7.3 5.0 10.0
$20,000 to $29,999 12,920 5,750 7,165 16.5 14.5 18.4 865 395 470 14.7 13.3 16.1 7,955 3,150 4,805 9.9 7.4 12.7
$30,000 to $39,999 9,605 4,025 5,580 12.2 10.2 14.4 740 325 415 12.6 10.9 14.2 7,015 2,460 4,555 8.8 5.8 12.1
$40,000 to $49,999 8,125 3,565 4,555 10.4 9.0 11.7 625 290 340 10.6 9.8 11.6 6,265 2,440 3,825 7.8 5.8 10.1
$50,000 to $59,999 6,790 3,210 3,580 8.7 8.1 9.2 470 230 240 8.0 7.7 8.2 5,430 2,195 3,235 6.8 5.2 8.6
$60,000 to $69,999 5,365 2,755 2,610 6.8 7.0 6.7 395 210 185 6.7 7.1 6.3 4,670 2,270 2,400 5.8 5.4 6.4
$70,000 to $79,999 4,350 2,480 1,865 5.5 6.3 4.8 320 165 155 5.4 5.6 5.3 4,525 2,565 1,955 5.6 6.1 5.2
$80,000 to $89,999 3,440 2,170 1,265 4.4 5.5 3.3 300 190 105 5.1 6.4 3.6 3,725 2,175 1,550 4.7 5.1 4.1
$90,000 to $99,999 2,910 1,845 1,060 3.7 4.7 2.7 245 155 85 4.2 5.2 2.9 3,360 1,960 1,395 4.2 4.6 3.7
$100,000 and over 9,550 7,320 2,230 12.2 18.5 5.7 795 595 205 13.5 20.0 7.0 24,280 18,740 5,540 30.3 44.3 14.7
$100,000 to $149,999 6,210 4,470 1,740 7.9 11.3 4.5 525 370 155 8.9 12.5 5.3 10,470 7,025 3,445 13.1 16.6 9.1
$150,000 and over 3,340 2,850 490 4.3 7.2 1.3 275 225 45 4.7 7.6 1.5 13,810 11,715 2,095 17.2 27.7 5.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 82,010 41,370 40,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,155 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,415 44,220 40,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 3,545 1,770 1,775 4.3 4.3 4.4 260 130 135 4.2 4.2 4.4 4,295 1,910 2,385 5.1 4.3 5.9
With after-tax income 78,460 39,600 38,860 95.7 95.7 95.6 5,895 2,970 2,920 95.8 95.8 95.6 80,120 42,310 37,805 94.9 95.7 94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss) 7,110 3,045 4,065 9.1 7.7 10.5 500 180 320 8.5 6.1 11.0 7,140 2,290 4,850 8.9 5.4 12.8
$10,000 to $19,999 8,885 3,670 5,220 11.3 9.3 13.4 680 260 415 11.5 8.8 14.2 6,170 2,225 3,940 7.7 5.3 10.4
$20,000 to $29,999 14,370 6,370 7,995 18.3 16.1 20.6 1,000 455 545 17.0 15.3 18.7 9,135 3,540 5,595 11.4 8.4 14.8
$30,000 to $39,999 11,130 4,780 6,350 14.2 12.1 16.3 860 375 480 14.6 12.6 16.4 8,155 3,000 5,155 10.2 7.1 13.6
$40,000 to $49,999 9,480 4,425 5,050 12.1 11.2 13.0 705 345 360 12.0 11.6 12.3 7,455 3,025 4,425 9.3 7.2 11.7
$50,000 to $59,999 7,380 3,720 3,660 9.4 9.4 9.4 505 270 240 8.6 9.1 8.2 6,345 3,010 3,330 7.9 7.1 8.8
$60,000 to $69,999 5,685 3,345 2,340 7.2 8.4 6.0 455 250 205 7.7 8.4 7.0 5,925 3,400 2,520 7.4 8.0 6.7
$70,000 to $79,999 4,280 2,680 1,595 5.5 6.8 4.1 350 225 130 5.9 7.6 4.5 4,705 2,765 1,940 5.9 6.5 5.1
$80,000 to $89,999 3,040 1,985 1,055 3.9 5.0 2.7 275 175 100 4.7 5.9 3.4 4,205 2,525 1,680 5.2 6.0 4.4
$90,000 to $99,999 1,930 1,355 575 2.5 3.4 1.5 150 105 45 2.5 3.5 1.5 3,435 2,230 1,210 4.3 5.3 3.2
$100,000 and over 5,175 4,220 955 6.6 10.7 2.5 415 335 80 7.0 11.3 2.7 17,450 14,290 3,160 21.8 33.8 8.3
$100,000 to $124,999 2,570 2,015 555 3.3 5.1 1.4 200 155 45 3.4 5.2 1.5 5,510 4,080 1,430 6.9 9.6 3.8
$125,000 and over 2,605 2,210 400 3.3 5.6 1.0 220 180 35 3.7 6.1 1.2 11,940 10,210 1,730 14.9 24.1 4.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 82,010 41,370 40,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,155 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,415 44,220 40,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 23,745 10,470 13,280 29.0 25.3 32.7 1,755 780 970 28.5 25.2 31.8 17,575 6,855 10,720 20.8 15.5 26.7
With employment income 58,260 30,905 27,360 71.0 74.7 67.3 4,395 2,320 2,080 71.4 74.8 68.1 66,835 37,370 29,465 79.2 84.5 73.3
Under $5,000 (including loss) 9,100 4,650 4,455 15.6 15.0 16.3 580 290 290 13.2 12.5 13.9 5,920 2,475 3,450 8.9 6.6 11.7
$5,000 to $9,999 4,720 2,095 2,625 8.1 6.8 9.6 350 160 185 8.0 6.9 8.9 3,660 1,365 2,295 5.5 3.7 7.8
$10,000 to $19,999 6,830 3,055 3,770 11.7 9.9 13.8 545 225 315 12.4 9.7 15.1 5,450 2,105 3,345 8.2 5.6 11.4
$20,000 to $29,999 5,310 2,340 2,975 9.1 7.6 10.9 380 170 210 8.6 7.3 10.1 4,355 1,655 2,700 6.5 4.4 9.2
$30,000 to $39,999 5,035 2,185 2,850 8.6 7.1 10.4 420 170 250 9.6 7.3 12.0 4,565 1,680 2,885 6.8 4.5 9.8
$40,000 to $49,999 4,660 2,080 2,585 8.0 6.7 9.4 335 180 150 7.6 7.8 7.2 3,920 1,715 2,205 5.9 4.6 7.5
$50,000 to $59,999 4,180 2,015 2,165 7.2 6.5 7.9 275 125 155 6.3 5.4 7.5 3,690 1,605 2,080 5.5 4.3 7.1
$60,000 to $69,999 3,575 1,905 1,675 6.1 6.2 6.1 260 130 130 5.9 5.6 6.3 3,630 1,800 1,830 5.4 4.8 6.2
$70,000 to $79,999 2,905 1,765 1,140 5.0 5.7 4.2 200 110 95 4.6 4.7 4.6 3,540 2,125 1,415 5.3 5.7 4.8
$80,000 to $89,999 2,500 1,635 860 4.3 5.3 3.1 240 155 80 5.5 6.7 3.8 3,190 1,905 1,290 4.8 5.1 4.4
$90,000 to $99,999 2,255 1,430 820 3.9 4.6 3.0 200 115 85 4.6 5.0 4.1 2,795 1,650 1,150 4.2 4.4 3.9
$100,000 and over 7,195 5,755 1,440 12.3 18.6 5.3 630 485 145 14.3 20.9 7.0 22,120 17,300 4,820 33.1 46.3 16.4
$100,000 to $124,999 3,225 2,335 895 5.5 7.6 3.3 290 200 90 6.6 8.6 4.3 5,680 3,610 2,070 8.5 9.7 7.0
$125,000 and over 3,970 3,425 540 6.8 11.1 2.0 335 285 50 7.6 12.3 2.4 16,440 13,690 2,750 24.6 36.6 9.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 82,010 41,375 40,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,155 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,415 44,220 40,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 76,855 38,725 38,125 93.7 93.6 93.8 5,795 2,935 2,860 94.2 94.7 93.6 78,195 41,390 36,795 92.6 93.6 91.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 41,200 52,800 34,000 41,200 52,800 34,000 42,800 53,600 34,400 42,800 53,600 34,400 62,000 92,000 41,200 62,000 92,000 41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 76,890 38,725 38,160 93.8 93.6 93.9 5,800 2,940 2,865 94.2 94.8 93.8 78,255 41,405 36,855 92.7 93.6 91.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,600 46,400 31,600 37,600 46,400 31,600 38,400 46,800 31,800 38,400 46,800 31,800 53,600 75,000 37,200 53,600 75,000 37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 69,140 35,620 33,520 84.3 86.1 82.5 5,195 2,705 2,500 84.4 87.3 81.8 71,980 39,415 32,560 85.3 89.1 81.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,200 52,000 31,000 39,200 52,000 31,000 41,200 52,800 32,400 41,200 52,800 32,400 65,000 94,000 41,600 65,000 94,000 41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 58,440 30,960 27,480 71.3 74.8 67.6 4,405 2,330 2,080 71.6 75.2 68.1 66,775 37,255 29,520 79.1 84.2 73.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,600 52,400 32,000 39,600 52,400 32,000 41,600 53,200 34,000 41,600 53,200 34,000 67,500 96,000 43,600 67,500 96,000 43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 65,940 33,105 32,835 80.4 80.0 80.8 4,880 2,450 2,425 79.3 79.0 79.4 62,785 33,320 29,465 74.4 75.4 73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 3,920 1,280 6,850 3,920 1,280 6,850 3,360 1,230 5,920 3,360 1,230 5,920 1,010 890 2,820 1,010 890 2,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 6,545 3,275 3,265 8.0 7.9 8.0 460 215 245 7.5 6.9 8.0 8,585 3,665 4,920 10.2 8.3 12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,600 6,550 6,650 6,600 6,550 6,650 7,350 7,900 6,550 7,350 7,900 6,550 7,050 6,080 7,900 7,050 6,080 7,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 82,025 41,455 40,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 76,750 38,725 38,030 93.6 93.4 93.8 5,815 2,920 2,905 94.6 94.2 95.2 78,300 41,365 36,935 92.7 93.6 91.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 54,350 66,300 42,160 54,350 66,300 42,160 53,900 65,700 42,040 53,900 65,700 42,040 83,600 109,600 54,350 83,600 109,600 54,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 76,795 38,730 38,060 93.6 93.4 93.8 5,825 2,925 2,905 94.7 94.4 95.2 78,365 41,380 36,985 92.7 93.6 91.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,320 53,700 36,760 45,320 53,700 36,760 44,960 53,300 36,560 44,960 53,300 36,560 65,400 83,300 45,440 65,400 83,300 45,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 69,190 35,655 33,535 84.4 86.0 82.7 5,195 2,680 2,520 84.5 86.5 82.6 72,060 39,240 32,815 85.3 88.7 81.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 52,650 65,600 38,920 52,650 65,600 38,920 53,200 65,100 40,560 53,200 65,100 40,560 86,100 112,200 55,000 86,100 112,200 55,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 58,365 31,035 27,325 71.2 74.9 67.4 4,380 2,295 2,085 71.2 74.0 68.4 66,965 37,105 29,865 79.2 83.9 74.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,600 62,900 38,720 51,600 62,900 38,720 54,050 65,400 41,600 54,050 65,400 41,600 87,400 112,400 56,350 87,400 112,400 56,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 65,975 33,130 32,845 80.4 79.9 81.0 4,870 2,485 2,385 79.2 80.2 78.2 62,895 33,310 29,590 74.4 75.3 73.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,040 6,980 9,110 8,040 6,980 9,110 7,640 6,970 8,330 7,640 6,970 8,330 5,360 4,020 6,870 5,360 4,020 6,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 6,650 3,270 3,385 8.1 7.9 8.3 440 195 250 7.2 6.3 8.2 8,655 3,480 5,180 10.2 7.9 12.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,150 7,540 8,750 8,150 7,540 8,750 9,560 10,900 8,500 9,560 10,900 8,500 8,920 7,880 9,620 8,920 7,880 9,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 82,025 41,455 40,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 25,455 14,840 10,615 31.0 35.8 26.2 2,025 1,105 920 32.9 35.6 30.1 33,035 20,295 12,745 39.1 45.9 31.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 62,400 74,500 52,800 62,400 74,500 52,800 65,500 79,500 57,600 65,500 79,500 57,600 94,000 121,000 68,000 94,000 121,000 68,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 71,900 82,100 57,600 71,900 82,100 57,600 73,200 86,200 57,700 73,200 86,200 57,700 113,100 135,200 77,900 113,100 135,200 77,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 22,120 10,750 11,365 27.0 25.9 28.0 1,700 830 865 27.6 26.8 28.3 24,280 12,315 11,965 28.7 27.9 29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 29,800 40,400 23,600 29,800 40,400 23,600 32,000 40,400 23,800 32,000 40,400 23,800 48,400 79,000 32,800 48,400 79,000 32,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 41,400 54,050 29,440 41,400 54,050 29,440 42,880 56,100 30,200 42,880 56,100 30,200 70,200 95,400 44,320 70,200 95,400 44,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 87.2 91.0 81.4 87.2 91.0 81.4 88.2 91.0 83.6 88.2 91.0 83.6 94.8 97.0 89.8 94.8 97.0 89.8
Employment income (%) 72.2 76.0 66.0 72.2 76.0 66.0 75.6 78.4 71.2 75.6 78.4 71.2 89.4 92.0 83.8 89.4 92.0 83.8
Government transfers (%) 12.7 9.0 18.6 12.7 9.0 18.6 11.9 9.0 16.3 11.9 9.0 16.3 5.2 3.0 10.1 5.2 3.0 10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.2 0.6 2.5 1.2 0.6 2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 41,465 ... ... ... ... ... 2,950 ... ... ... ... ... 40,270 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 145,000 ... ... 145,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 75,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 11,420 ... ... ... ... ... 710 ... ... ... ... ... 9,095 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,400 ... ... 40,400 ... ... 46,400 ... ... 46,400 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,800 ... ... 36,800 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 30,040 ... ... ... ... ... 2,240 ... ... ... ... ... 31,180 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 166,000 ... ... 166,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 137,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 41,420 ... ... ... ... ... 2,945 ... ... ... ... ... 40,325 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 102,200 ... ... 102,200 ... ... 111,500 ... ... 111,500 ... ... 168,000 ... ... 168,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 86,300 ... ... 86,300 ... ... 93,600 ... ... 93,600 ... ... 132,600 ... ... 132,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 11,340 ... ... ... ... ... 700 ... ... ... ... ... 9,165 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 52,700 ... ... 52,700 ... ... 50,300 ... ... 50,300 ... ... 99,200 ... ... 99,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,640 ... ... 44,640 ... ... 43,200 ... ... 43,200 ... ... 77,100 ... ... 77,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 30,080 ... ... ... ... ... 2,250 ... ... ... ... ... 31,160 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 120,800 ... ... 120,800 ... ... 130,400 ... ... 130,400 ... ... 188,200 ... ... 188,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 109,300 ... ... 109,300 ... ... 148,800 ... ... 148,800 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 41,465 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 420 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 20 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 265 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 230 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 130 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 400 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 210 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 590 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 45 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 275 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,755 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 90 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 675 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,730 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 105 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 620 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,285 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 70 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 535 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,540 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 95 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 655 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,640 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 95 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 745 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,480 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 100 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 745 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,970 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 235 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 1,530 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,825 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 175 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 1,575 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,760 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 175 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 1,750 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 2,430 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 155 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 1,680 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,325 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 160 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 1,635 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 17,085 ... ... 41.2 ... ... 1,395 ... ... 47.3 ... ... 27,250 ... ... 67.7 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 4,875 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 375 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 4,195 ... ... 10.4 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,795 ... ... 9.2 ... ... 280 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 3,605 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 4,490 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 380 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 6,075 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
$200,000 and over 3,925 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 360 ... ... 12.2 ... ... 13,370 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 41,465 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,275 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 475 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 20 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 285 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 240 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 125 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 410 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 225 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 625 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 50 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 290 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,825 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 100 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 725 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,895 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 105 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 650 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,545 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 90 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 665 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,685 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 100 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 770 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,880 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 130 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 890 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,730 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 140 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 930 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 3,500 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 210 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,905 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 3,360 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 245 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 2,180 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 3,105 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 200 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 2,050 ... ... 5.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 2,865 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 200 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 2,130 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,635 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 200 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 2,235 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
$100,000 and over 13,690 ... ... 33.0 ... ... 1,125 ... ... 38.1 ... ... 24,230 ... ... 60.2 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 5,215 ... ... 12.6 ... ... 390 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 5,080 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,420 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 280 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 4,630 ... ... 11.5 ... ...
$150,000 and over 5,055 ... ... 12.2 ... ... 455 ... ... 15.4 ... ... 14,520 ... ... 36.1 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 28,970 ... ... ... ... ... 2,180 ... ... ... ... ... 29,620 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 104,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 162,000 ... ... 162,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 134,000 ... ... 134,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 12,300 ... ... ... ... ... 870 ... ... ... ... ... 9,430 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 93,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 151,000 ... ... 151,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 82,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 11,800 ... ... ... ... ... 960 ... ... ... ... ... 14,980 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 134,000 ... ... 134,000 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 196,000 ... ... 196,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 156,000 ... ... 156,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 4,140 ... ... ... ... ... 280 ... ... ... ... ... 4,230 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 66,500 ... ... 66,500 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 62,000 ... ... 62,000 ... ... 69,500 ... ... 69,500 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 14,745 7,960 6,775 ... ... ... 920 490 425 ... ... ... 14,640 9,420 5,225 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 38,800 42,400 36,000 38,800 42,400 36,000 44,400 49,200 39,600 44,400 49,200 39,600 71,500 83,000 53,600 71,500 83,000 53,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 35,600 38,000 33,200 35,600 38,000 33,200 40,000 43,200 36,800 40,000 43,200 36,800 60,000 68,000 46,400 60,000 68,000 46,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 29,045 ... ... ... ... ... 2,190 ... ... ... ... ... 29,595 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 120,300 ... ... 120,300 ... ... 129,600 ... ... 129,600 ... ... 184,200 ... ... 184,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 101,500 ... ... 101,500 ... ... 108,400 ... ... 108,400 ... ... 145,600 ... ... 145,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 12,320 ... ... ... ... ... 890 ... ... ... ... ... 9,390 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 107,300 ... ... 107,300 ... ... 110,800 ... ... 110,800 ... ... 172,600 ... ... 172,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 90,400 ... ... 90,400 ... ... 92,400 ... ... 92,400 ... ... 135,800 ... ... 135,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 11,865 ... ... ... ... ... 950 ... ... ... ... ... 15,025 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 149,200 ... ... 149,200 ... ... 161,200 ... ... 161,200 ... ... 212,200 ... ... 212,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 124,300 ... ... 124,300 ... ... 133,200 ... ... 133,200 ... ... 166,400 ... ... 166,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 4,130 ... ... ... ... ... 295 ... ... ... ... ... 4,205 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 78,800 ... ... 78,800 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 70,300 ... ... 70,300 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 89,400 ... ... 89,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 14,525 7,830 6,695 ... ... ... 890 450 440 ... ... ... 14,740 9,400 5,335 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 50,680 55,400 45,200 50,680 55,400 45,200 50,000 58,200 41,600 50,000 58,200 41,600 89,700 103,300 65,600 89,700 103,300 65,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 43,080 46,200 39,480 43,080 46,200 39,480 43,100 49,200 36,800 43,100 49,200 36,800 70,400 79,500 54,400 70,400 79,500 54,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 102,575 51,945 50,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,525 57,090 52,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 24,770 12,780 11,985 24.1 24.6 23.7 1,735 885 850 22.9 23.2 22.6 29,135 14,945 14,195 26.6 26.2 27.1
0 to 5 years 7,560 3,890 3,670 7.4 7.5 7.2 535 265 270 7.1 6.9 7.2 10,250 5,215 5,035 9.4 9.1 9.6
18 to 64 years 60,025 30,280 29,750 58.5 58.3 58.8 4,535 2,250 2,285 59.9 59.0 60.9 73,215 38,370 34,845 66.8 67.2 66.4
65 years and over 17,780 8,885 8,895 17.3 17.1 17.6 1,300 685 620 17.2 18.0 16.5 7,175 3,780 3,395 6.6 6.6 6.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 11,955 5,845 6,105 ... ... ... 705 345 355 ... ... ... 6,490 3,130 3,350 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 3,285 1,665 1,620 ... ... ... 200 100 100 ... ... ... 2,325 1,195 1,125 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 1,135 590 545 ... ... ... 80 35 40 ... ... ... 790 395 390 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 6,015 3,040 2,980 ... ... ... 350 170 185 ... ... ... 3,555 1,660 1,895 ... ... ...
65 years and over 2,655 1,145 1,510 ... ... ... 155 70 80 ... ... ... 605 275 330 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 11.7 11.3 12.1 11.7 11.3 12.1 9.3 9.0 9.5 9.3 9.0 9.5 5.9 5.5 6.4 5.9 5.5 6.4
0 to 17 years (%) 13.3 13.0 13.5 13.3 13.0 13.5 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.9
0 to 5 years (%) 15.0 15.2 14.9 15.0 15.2 14.9 14.4 14.0 14.8 14.4 14.0 14.8 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.8
18 to 64 years (%) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.8 7.7 8.0 7.8 7.7 8.0 4.9 4.3 5.4 4.9 4.3 5.4
65 years and over (%) 14.9 12.9 17.0 14.9 12.9 17.0 11.6 10.8 12.8 11.6 10.8 12.8 8.4 7.3 9.7 8.4 7.3 9.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 98,890 50,010 48,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,820 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 104,530 54,585 49,940 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 23,375 12,035 11,340 23.6 24.1 23.2 1,735 890 845 22.9 23.3 22.5 27,410 14,100 13,310 26.2 25.8 26.7
0 to 5 years 7,140 3,675 3,470 7.2 7.3 7.1 530 265 270 7.0 6.9 7.2 9,790 5,015 4,770 9.4 9.2 9.6
18 to 64 years 58,005 29,230 28,775 58.7 58.4 58.9 4,535 2,250 2,290 59.9 58.9 61.0 70,360 36,935 33,425 67.3 67.7 66.9
65 years and over 17,505 8,745 8,760 17.7 17.5 17.9 1,300 680 620 17.2 17.8 16.5 6,760 3,555 3,205 6.5 6.5 6.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 2,935 1,560 1,380 ... ... ... 205 110 95 ... ... ... 2,190 1,115 1,075 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 725 360 365 ... ... ... 65 40 30 ... ... ... 630 330 295 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 225 120 105 ... ... ... 25 10 15 ... ... ... 185 95 95 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 1,945 1,055 890 ... ... ... 115 55 60 ... ... ... 1,475 730 745 ... ... ...
65 years and over 265 140 125 ... ... ... 20 10 5 ... ... ... 90 45 40 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
0 to 17 years (%) 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.9 4.4 3.4 3.9 4.4 3.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2
0 to 5 years (%) 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0
18 to 64 years (%) 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
65 years and over (%) 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 102,575 51,945 50,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,820 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,525 57,090 52,435 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 52,565 26,090 26,470 51.2 50.2 52.3 3,525 1,730 1,795 46.6 45.3 47.8 31,085 15,270 15,815 28.4 26.7 30.2
In bottom decile 9,945 5,070 4,875 9.7 9.8 9.6 610 300 315 8.1 7.9 8.4 6,150 3,060 3,095 5.6 5.4 5.9
In second decile 11,840 5,625 6,215 11.5 10.8 12.3 800 390 410 10.6 10.2 10.9 5,965 2,840 3,130 5.4 5.0 6.0
In third decile 10,590 5,205 5,390 10.3 10.0 10.6 680 320 355 9.0 8.4 9.5 5,830 2,870 2,965 5.3 5.0 5.7
In fourth decile 10,090 5,095 5,000 9.8 9.8 9.9 650 325 325 8.6 8.5 8.7 6,190 3,050 3,140 5.7 5.3 6.0
In fifth decile 10,100 5,105 4,990 9.8 9.8 9.9 785 400 385 10.4 10.5 10.3 6,945 3,450 3,490 6.3 6.0 6.7
In top half of the distribution 50,010 25,850 24,160 48.8 49.8 47.7 4,050 2,090 1,960 53.5 54.7 52.2 78,440 41,815 36,625 71.6 73.2 69.8
In sixth decile 9,650 4,880 4,770 9.4 9.4 9.4 660 330 330 8.7 8.6 8.8 7,745 3,910 3,835 7.1 6.8 7.3
In seventh decile 10,175 5,200 4,975 9.9 10.0 9.8 835 435 400 11.0 11.4 10.7 9,510 4,930 4,575 8.7 8.6 8.7
In eighth decile 10,340 5,325 5,020 10.1 10.3 9.9 840 420 415 11.1 11.0 11.1 12,020 6,300 5,720 11.0 11.0 10.9
In ninth decile 10,270 5,350 4,925 10.0 10.3 9.7 790 410 380 10.4 10.7 10.1 17,255 9,070 8,180 15.8 15.9 15.6
In top decile 9,575 5,100 4,475 9.3 9.8 8.8 930 490 435 12.3 12.8 11.6 31,915 17,605 14,310 29.1 30.8 27.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 102,575 ... ... 102,575 ... ... 7,575 ... ... 7,575 ... ... 109,525 ... ... 109,525 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.329 ... ... 0.329 ... ... 0.323 ... ... 0.323 ... ... 0.330 ... ... 0.330 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.447 ... ... 0.447 ... ... 0.429 ... ... 0.429 ... ... 0.391 ... ... 0.391 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.292 ... ... 0.292 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.292 ... ... 0.292 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 104,470 52,815 51,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,825 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,250 57,565 52,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 97,550 49,545 48,005 93.4 93.8 92.9 6,670 3,365 3,300 88.1 88.0 87.9 101,655 53,285 48,370 92.2 92.6 91.8
French only 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 6,480 3,065 3,415 6.2 5.8 6.6 885 450 435 11.7 11.8 11.6 7,930 4,035 3,895 7.2 7.0 7.4
Neither English nor French 395 185 205 0.4 0.4 0.4 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 535 195 345 0.5 0.3 0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 104,470 52,815 51,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,825 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,250 57,565 52,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 101,480 51,335 50,150 97.1 97.2 97.1 7,160 3,595 3,560 94.5 94.0 94.8 106,615 55,600 51,010 96.7 96.6 96.8
French 2,515 1,265 1,250 2.4 2.4 2.4 390 210 175 5.1 5.5 4.7 2,820 1,615 1,205 2.6 2.8 2.3
English and French 105 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 310 170 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Neither English nor French 375 180 195 0.4 0.3 0.4 25 10 20 0.3 0.3 0.5 505 180 330 0.5 0.3 0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 104,470 52,815 51,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,825 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,250 57,565 52,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 101,970 51,595 50,375 97.6 97.7 97.5 7,320 3,700 3,625 96.6 96.7 96.5 105,665 55,315 50,350 95.8 96.1 95.6
Official languages 90,920 46,145 44,765 87.0 87.4 86.7 6,490 3,315 3,175 85.7 86.7 84.6 89,670 47,475 42,195 81.3 82.5 80.1
English 88,155 44,750 43,405 84.4 84.7 84.0 6,065 3,090 2,970 80.1 80.8 79.1 86,765 45,820 40,945 78.7 79.6 77.7
French 2,765 1,400 1,365 2.6 2.7 2.6 430 230 200 5.7 6.0 5.3 2,905 1,660 1,250 2.6 2.9 2.4
Non-official languages 11,055 5,445 5,605 10.6 10.3 10.9 830 380 450 11.0 9.9 12.0 15,995 7,840 8,155 14.5 13.6 15.5
Indigenous languages39 1,030 495 535 1.0 0.9 1.0 95 35 55 1.3 0.9 1.5 1,880 910 965 1.7 1.6 1.8
Algonquian languages 1,010 490 525 1.0 0.9 1.0 90 35 50 1.2 0.9 1.3 1,405 690 715 1.3 1.2 1.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 1,010 485 520 1.0 0.9 1.0 90 35 50 1.2 0.9 1.3 1,395 685 710 1.3 1.2 1.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 1,010 485 520 1.0 0.9 1.0 90 35 50 1.2 0.9 1.3 1,395 685 710 1.3 1.2 1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 160 70 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.3 260 130 130 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1 400 195 205 0.4 0.3 0.4
Cree, n.o.s. 815 390 420 0.8 0.7 0.8 60 25 35 0.8 0.7 0.9 715 345 365 0.6 0.6 0.7
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 220 235 0.4 0.4 0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 220 235 0.4 0.4 0.4
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 215 230 0.4 0.4 0.4
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 10,020 4,955 5,070 9.6 9.4 9.8 740 345 390 9.8 9.0 10.4 14,115 6,925 7,190 12.8 12.0 13.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 185 110 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 75 35 40 1.0 0.9 1.1 2,215 1,245 965 2.0 2.2 1.8
Berber languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 375 245 0.6 0.7 0.5
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 330 215 0.5 0.6 0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 180 105 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 75 35 40 1.0 0.9 1.1 1,580 865 720 1.4 1.5 1.4
Amharic 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 185 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Arabic 145 85 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 75 35 40 1.0 0.9 1.1 1,030 560 470 0.9 1.0 0.9
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 75 0.2 0.2 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,725 740 985 1.7 1.4 1.9 195 80 115 2.6 2.1 3.1 4,300 1,835 2,465 3.9 3.2 4.7
Bikol 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 135 50 90 0.1 0.1 0.2
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 220 105 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indonesian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,445 615 825 1.4 1.2 1.6 165 70 100 2.2 1.8 2.7 3,595 1,540 2,055 3.3 2.7 3.9
Waray-Waray 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 150 80 70 0.1 0.2 0.1 5 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 390 215 180 0.4 0.4 0.3
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 90 85 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 7,365 3,745 3,620 7.0 7.1 7.0 435 210 220 5.7 5.5 5.9 5,465 2,770 2,690 5.0 4.8 5.1
Albanian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 2,210 1,080 1,130 2.1 2.0 2.2 315 150 160 4.2 3.9 4.3 925 465 455 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,210 1,080 1,135 2.1 2.0 2.2 315 150 160 4.2 3.9 4.3 915 465 450 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 225 95 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 140 75 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 110 125 3.0 2.9 3.3 405 190 215 0.4 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 1,760 860 900 1.7 1.6 1.7 65 35 30 0.9 0.9 0.8 235 135 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 4,030 2,080 1,955 3.9 3.9 3.8 55 30 25 0.7 0.8 0.7 535 285 250 0.5 0.5 0.5
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 2,930 1,520 1,410 2.8 2.9 2.7 30 20 15 0.4 0.5 0.4 230 125 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
German 2,905 1,505 1,395 2.8 2.8 2.7 30 20 15 0.4 0.5 0.4 225 120 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,040 525 515 1.0 1.0 1.0 20 15 5 0.3 0.4 0.1 290 150 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afrikaans 135 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 185 100 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dutch 120 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 85 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 215 105 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 525 270 255 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 675 375 300 0.6 0.7 0.6 35 15 20 0.5 0.4 0.5 2,950 1,550 1,405 2.7 2.7 2.7
Indo-Aryan languages 630 350 280 0.6 0.7 0.5 35 15 15 0.5 0.4 0.4 2,785 1,450 1,330 2.5 2.5 2.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 205 100 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 135 80 55 0.1 0.2 0.1 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 915 465 450 0.8 0.8 0.9
Hindi 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 150 120 0.2 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 185 115 70 0.2 0.2 0.1 10 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 385 210 175 0.3 0.4 0.3
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 175 90 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 10 0.2 0.1 0.3 795 410 380 0.7 0.7 0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 95 70 0.2 0.2 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 410 190 220 0.4 0.4 0.4 30 10 15 0.4 0.3 0.4 975 435 545 0.9 0.8 1.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 320 145 180 0.3 0.3 0.3 20 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 720 315 405 0.7 0.5 0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 155 80 75 0.1 0.2 0.1 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 130 55 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 90 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 590 310 275 0.5 0.5 0.5
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 80 90 0.2 0.1 0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 45 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 5 0.0 0.1 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 175 70 105 0.2 0.1 0.2 20 5 10 0.3 0.1 0.3 655 315 340 0.6 0.5 0.6
Chinese languages 175 70 100 0.2 0.1 0.2 20 5 10 0.3 0.1 0.3 650 310 340 0.6 0.5 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 90 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 465 220 250 0.4 0.4 0.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 70 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 155 80 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 5 70 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 5 70 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.1 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,500 1,220 1,280 2.4 2.3 2.5 255 120 130 3.4 3.1 3.5 4,580 2,250 2,330 4.2 3.9 4.4
English and French 540 270 275 0.5 0.5 0.5 75 40 40 1.0 1.0 1.1 775 405 375 0.7 0.7 0.7
English and non-official language(s) 1,775 855 915 1.7 1.6 1.8 160 80 80 2.1 2.1 2.1 3,385 1,660 1,725 3.1 2.9 3.3
French and non-official language(s) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1 75 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 265 110 155 0.2 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 104,470 52,815 51,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,825 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,250 57,565 52,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 92,520 46,920 45,600 88.6 88.8 88.3 6,420 3,270 3,150 84.8 85.5 83.9 88,685 46,845 41,845 80.4 81.4 79.4
French 435 210 220 0.4 0.4 0.4 50 25 25 0.7 0.7 0.7 845 455 395 0.8 0.8 0.7
Non-official language 2,640 1,320 1,315 2.5 2.5 2.5 160 75 80 2.1 2.0 2.1 3,680 1,825 1,855 3.3 3.2 3.5
Indigenous39 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 215 205 0.4 0.4 0.4
Non-Indigenous 2,525 1,270 1,260 2.4 2.4 2.4 155 70 80 2.0 1.8 2.1 3,265 1,615 1,650 3.0 2.8 3.1
English and French 1,130 560 575 1.1 1.1 1.1 195 95 105 2.6 2.5 2.8 1,735 910 830 1.6 1.6 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 7,445 3,655 3,790 7.1 6.9 7.3 735 350 385 9.7 9.2 10.3 14,535 7,165 7,375 13.2 12.4 14.0
French and non-official language(s) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 125 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 335 170 165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Multiple non-official languages 160 90 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 185 205 0.4 0.3 0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 104,470 52,815 51,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,825 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,250 57,565 52,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 102,760 51,980 50,785 98.4 98.4 98.3 7,405 3,740 3,665 97.8 97.8 97.6 106,345 55,645 50,700 96.5 96.7 96.2
Official languages 97,240 49,200 48,040 93.1 93.2 93.0 7,015 3,550 3,460 92.6 92.8 92.1 97,330 51,050 46,285 88.3 88.7 87.9
English 96,640 48,915 47,735 92.5 92.6 92.4 6,925 3,510 3,415 91.4 91.8 90.9 96,185 50,435 45,755 87.2 87.6 86.9
French 600 295 305 0.6 0.6 0.6 85 45 45 1.1 1.2 1.2 1,145 610 530 1.0 1.1 1.0
Non-official languages 5,525 2,780 2,745 5.3 5.3 5.3 390 185 200 5.1 4.8 5.3 9,015 4,600 4,420 8.2 8.0 8.4
Indigenous languages39 215 110 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 810 440 365 0.7 0.8 0.7
Algonquian languages 215 110 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 560 305 250 0.5 0.5 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 215 110 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 555 300 250 0.5 0.5 0.5
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 215 110 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 555 300 250 0.5 0.5 0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree, n.o.s. 185 95 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 310 170 140 0.3 0.3 0.3
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 135 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 130 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 5,305 2,670 2,640 5.1 5.1 5.1 380 180 200 5.0 4.7 5.3 8,205 4,155 4,050 7.4 7.2 7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,320 745 580 1.2 1.3 1.1
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 245 140 0.3 0.4 0.3
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 220 130 0.3 0.4 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 925 490 435 0.8 0.9 0.8
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 105 85 0.2 0.2 0.2
Arabic 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 600 310 290 0.5 0.5 0.6
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,000 470 525 1.0 0.9 1.0 145 70 75 1.9 1.8 2.0 2,595 1,250 1,350 2.4 2.2 2.6
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 860 410 445 0.8 0.8 0.9 135 70 70 1.8 1.8 1.9 2,230 1,065 1,160 2.0 1.9 2.2
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 115 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 145 135 0.2 0.3 0.3
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 3,810 1,955 1,850 3.6 3.7 3.6 185 90 100 2.4 2.4 2.7 3,085 1,545 1,535 2.8 2.7 2.9
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 250 105 145 0.2 0.2 0.3 120 55 65 1.6 1.4 1.7 345 165 185 0.3 0.3 0.4
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 250 105 145 0.2 0.2 0.3 120 55 65 1.6 1.4 1.7 345 165 185 0.3 0.3 0.4
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 60 25 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 110 50 60 1.5 1.3 1.6 225 105 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 125 55 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 2,875 1,495 1,380 2.8 2.8 2.7 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.3 170 85 85 0.2 0.1 0.2
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 2,165 1,130 1,040 2.1 2.1 2.0 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 2,165 1,125 1,035 2.1 2.1 2.0 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 705 365 340 0.7 0.7 0.7 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 180 90 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 390 205 180 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 490 270 220 0.5 0.5 0.4 25 15 15 0.3 0.4 0.4 2,085 1,070 1,010 1.9 1.9 1.9
Indo-Aryan languages 465 260 210 0.4 0.5 0.4 25 15 15 0.3 0.4 0.4 1,975 1,015 960 1.8 1.8 1.8
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 105 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 390 355 0.7 0.7 0.7
Hindi 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 100 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 145 85 55 0.1 0.2 0.1 10 5 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 255 145 115 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 130 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 5 0.2 0.3 0.1 525 260 265 0.5 0.5 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 170 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 450 210 245 0.4 0.4 0.5
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 155 75 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 380 175 205 0.3 0.3 0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 135 135 0.2 0.2 0.3
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 85 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 400 205 195 0.4 0.4 0.4
Chinese languages 80 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 400 205 195 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 300 150 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 1,710 840 870 1.6 1.6 1.7 175 85 95 2.3 2.2 2.5 3,900 1,920 1,980 3.5 3.3 3.8
English and French 195 95 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 320 170 155 0.3 0.3 0.3
English and non-official language(s) 1,475 725 750 1.4 1.4 1.5 145 70 75 1.9 1.8 2.0 3,490 1,715 1,770 3.2 3.0 3.4
French and non-official language(s) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 104,470 52,815 51,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,575 3,825 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 110,250 57,565 52,680 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 97,110 49,205 47,905 93.0 93.2 92.7 6,795 3,445 3,345 89.7 90.1 89.1 96,430 50,700 45,735 87.5 88.1 86.8
English 2,675 1,340 1,335 2.6 2.5 2.6 245 115 130 3.2 3.0 3.5 4,445 2,305 2,145 4.0 4.0 4.1
French 805 395 405 0.8 0.7 0.8 135 65 65 1.8 1.7 1.7 1,205 620 585 1.1 1.1 1.1
Non-official language 3,385 1,610 1,770 3.2 3.0 3.4 365 170 190 4.8 4.4 5.1 6,470 3,100 3,375 5.9 5.4 6.4
Indigenous39 910 465 450 0.9 0.9 0.9 100 45 55 1.3 1.2 1.5 1,195 545 650 1.1 0.9 1.2
Non-Indigenous 2,470 1,150 1,320 2.4 2.2 2.6 265 125 140 3.5 3.3 3.7 5,275 2,555 2,720 4.8 4.4 5.2
English and French 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 215 110 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 760 405 350 0.7 0.7 0.7
French and non-official language(s) 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 165 75 90 0.1 0.1 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 205 115 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 10 0.2 0.1 0.3 705 315 385 0.6 0.5 0.7
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 102,580 51,960 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,565 57,075 52,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 102,205 51,815 50,390 99.6 99.7 99.5 7,550 3,810 3,740 99.7 99.9 99.6 109,070 56,905 52,160 99.5 99.7 99.4
English 102,190 51,805 50,385 99.6 99.7 99.5 7,540 3,805 3,735 99.6 99.7 99.5 108,910 56,850 52,060 99.4 99.6 99.2
French 6,265 2,940 3,325 6.1 5.7 6.6 890 470 420 11.8 12.3 11.2 8,120 4,150 3,965 7.4 7.3 7.6
Non-official languages 14,450 7,060 7,390 14.1 13.6 14.6 1,270 595 675 16.8 15.6 18.0 23,675 11,625 12,045 21.6 20.4 22.9
Indigenous languages39 2,350 1,190 1,160 2.3 2.3 2.3 160 85 75 2.1 2.2 2.0 3,195 1,495 1,700 2.9 2.6 3.2
Algonquian languages 2,310 1,175 1,135 2.3 2.3 2.2 155 85 70 2.0 2.2 1.9 2,620 1,230 1,380 2.4 2.2 2.6
Blackfoot 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 2,285 1,160 1,125 2.2 2.2 2.2 155 85 70 2.0 2.2 1.9 2,600 1,220 1,380 2.4 2.1 2.6
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 2,285 1,160 1,125 2.2 2.2 2.2 155 85 70 2.0 2.2 1.9 2,600 1,220 1,380 2.4 2.1 2.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 45 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 485 230 250 0.5 0.4 0.5 35 25 10 0.5 0.7 0.3 430 160 270 0.4 0.3 0.5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0 610 295 315 0.6 0.5 0.6
Cree, n.o.s. 1,760 910 855 1.7 1.8 1.7 105 50 50 1.4 1.3 1.3 1,505 715 790 1.4 1.3 1.5
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 385 0.6 0.6 0.7
Northern Athabaskan languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 385 0.6 0.6 0.7
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 685 305 375 0.6 0.5 0.7
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Non-Indigenous languages 12,140 5,885 6,255 11.8 11.3 12.4 1,110 510 600 14.7 13.4 16.0 20,495 10,140 10,355 18.7 17.8 19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 320 155 165 0.3 0.3 0.3 235 105 130 3.1 2.8 3.5 3,440 1,945 1,490 3.1 3.4 2.8
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 465 300 0.7 0.8 0.6
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 650 405 245 0.6 0.7 0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 315 155 160 0.3 0.3 0.3 235 105 130 3.1 2.8 3.5 2,755 1,545 1,205 2.5 2.7 2.3
Amharic 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 385 220 0.6 0.7 0.4
Arabic 245 115 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 235 105 130 3.1 2.8 3.5 1,970 1,085 885 1.8 1.9 1.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 170 125 0.3 0.3 0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 2,330 975 1,355 2.3 1.9 2.7 265 95 170 3.5 2.5 4.5 6,230 2,705 3,525 5.7 4.7 6.7
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 40 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 125 40 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 265 115 150 0.2 0.2 0.3
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 85 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 45 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 130 40 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.5 475 220 255 0.4 0.4 0.5
Indonesian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.3 0.3 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 2,230 930 1,295 2.2 1.8 2.6 265 95 170 3.5 2.5 4.5 5,935 2,560 3,380 5.4 4.5 6.4
Waray-Waray 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 95 130 0.2 0.2 0.2
Creole languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 245 145 105 0.2 0.3 0.2 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.3 765 420 340 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Malayalam 180 105 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.3 335 180 155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 105 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 105 85 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 8,545 4,305 4,235 8.3 8.3 8.4 535 265 265 7.1 6.9 7.1 7,820 3,995 3,825 7.1 7.0 7.3
Albanian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 2,845 1,380 1,465 2.8 2.7 2.9 400 210 195 5.3 5.5 5.2 1,275 660 620 1.2 1.2 1.2
Baltic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,830 1,375 1,460 2.8 2.6 2.9 400 210 195 5.3 5.5 5.2 1,260 650 610 1.2 1.1 1.2
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 270 110 160 0.3 0.2 0.3 20 0 15 0.3 0.0 0.4 250 125 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 285 135 150 0.3 0.3 0.3 325 175 150 4.3 4.6 4.0 665 325 345 0.6 0.6 0.7
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 75 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 45 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Serbian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 50 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 2,335 1,150 1,180 2.3 2.2 2.3 50 25 25 0.7 0.7 0.7 355 190 170 0.3 0.3 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 3,690 1,885 1,800 3.6 3.6 3.6 85 45 45 1.1 1.2 1.2 860 450 410 0.8 0.8 0.8
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 2,275 1,185 1,090 2.2 2.3 2.2 35 10 20 0.5 0.3 0.5 435 235 200 0.4 0.4 0.4
German 2,235 1,170 1,065 2.2 2.3 2.1 35 10 20 0.5 0.3 0.5 430 230 200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,490 745 740 1.5 1.4 1.5 55 30 30 0.7 0.8 0.8 440 215 220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 210 105 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 55 30 20 0.7 0.8 0.5 320 165 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dutch 190 90 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low German, n.o.s. 340 150 185 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 735 400 340 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Danish 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,075 590 485 1.0 1.1 1.0 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 4,055 2,140 1,910 3.7 3.7 3.6
Indo-Aryan languages 1,005 560 445 1.0 1.1 0.9 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 3,800 1,995 1,800 3.5 3.5 3.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 180 110 70 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,225 595 625 1.1 1.0 1.2
Hindi 390 210 175 0.4 0.4 0.3 25 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.5 1,810 1,000 815 1.7 1.8 1.6
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 55 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 400 235 170 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 480 325 0.7 0.8 0.6
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 295 165 120 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,255 670 580 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 85 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 210 115 0.3 0.4 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 90 45 0.1 0.2 0.1
Persian languages 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 120 70 0.2 0.2 0.1
Dari 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 75 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,150 605 540 1.1 1.2 1.1 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,625 760 870 1.5 1.3 1.7
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 80 0.2 0.1 0.2
Romanian 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 950 520 430 0.9 1.0 0.8 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,325 595 735 1.2 1.0 1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 165 65 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 170 80 90 0.2 0.1 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 145 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 690 625 1.2 1.2 1.2
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 65 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 150 85 0.2 0.3 0.2
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Swahili 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 160 150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 200 170 0.3 0.4 0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 120 40 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
American Sign Language 105 40 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 260 120 140 0.3 0.2 0.3 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 805 370 435 0.7 0.6 0.8
Chinese languages 250 115 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 805 370 435 0.7 0.6 0.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 155 55 100 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 570 265 300 0.5 0.5 0.6
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 125 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 130 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0 95 10 80 0.1 0.0 0.2
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0 80 0 75 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 50 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijani 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 45 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 75 55 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 45 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 70 50 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 102,580 51,965 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,080 52,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 16,165 8,165 8,000 15.8 15.7 15.8 1,915 920 995 25.3 24.1 26.5 19,890 9,885 10,000 18.2 17.3 19.1
Single Indigenous responses46 15,820 8,020 7,805 15.4 15.4 15.4 1,875 905 970 24.8 23.7 25.8 19,310 9,575 9,730 17.6 16.8 18.5
First Nations (North American Indian) 7,760 3,905 3,855 7.6 7.5 7.6 405 195 210 5.4 5.1 5.6 12,500 6,215 6,285 11.4 10.9 12.0
Métis 8,010 4,100 3,905 7.8 7.9 7.7 1,475 715 760 19.5 18.7 20.2 6,515 3,200 3,320 5.9 5.6 6.3
Inuk (Inuit) 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 160 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Multiple Indigenous responses47 200 90 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 370 210 160 0.3 0.4 0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 140 50 95 0.1 0.1 0.2 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 210 100 110 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous identity 86,420 43,800 42,620 84.2 84.3 84.2 5,655 2,895 2,760 74.7 75.9 73.5 89,680 47,185 42,490 81.8 82.7 80.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 102,580 51,965 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,080 52,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 7,390 3,710 3,685 7.2 7.1 7.3 420 185 230 5.5 4.8 6.1 11,275 5,590 5,690 10.3 9.8 10.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 95,185 48,255 46,930 92.8 92.9 92.7 7,150 3,625 3,525 94.5 95.0 93.9 98,295 51,490 46,800 89.7 90.2 89.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 31,925 ... ... 77.1 ... ... 2,310 ... ... 78.3 ... ... 26,890 ... ... 66.7 ... ...
Renter 8,670 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 640 ... ... 21.7 ... ... 12,110 ... ... 30.0 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 830 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,325 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 1,940 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 155 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 7,790 ... ... 19.3 ... ...
Not condominium 39,480 ... ... 95.3 ... ... 2,795 ... ... 94.7 ... ... 32,540 ... ... 80.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 70 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 35 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 205 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
1 bedroom 2,800 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 205 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 3,165 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
2 bedrooms 8,450 ... ... 20.4 ... ... 505 ... ... 17.1 ... ... 7,825 ... ... 19.4 ... ...
3 bedrooms 13,460 ... ... 32.5 ... ... 1,060 ... ... 35.9 ... ... 13,690 ... ... 34.0 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 16,635 ... ... 40.2 ... ... 1,145 ... ... 38.8 ... ... 15,440 ... ... 38.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 7,670 ... ... 18.5 ... ... 515 ... ... 17.5 ... ... 9,690 ... ... 24.0 ... ...
5 rooms 6,685 ... ... 16.1 ... ... 550 ... ... 18.6 ... ... 7,170 ... ... 17.8 ... ...
6 rooms 6,515 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 435 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 6,085 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
7 rooms 5,625 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 430 ... ... 14.6 ... ... 5,505 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
8 or more rooms 14,930 ... ... 36.0 ... ... 1,015 ... ... 34.4 ... ... 11,875 ... ... 29.5 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.8 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 40,730 ... ... 98.3 ... ... 2,880 ... ... 97.6 ... ... 39,020 ... ... 96.8 ... ...
More than one person per room 690 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 65 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 40,030 ... ... 96.6 ... ... 2,820 ... ... 95.6 ... ... 38,060 ... ... 94.4 ... ...
Not suitable 1,390 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 125 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 2,265 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 6,290 ... ... 15.2 ... ... 230 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 1,495 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
1961 to 1980 12,820 ... ... 31.0 ... ... 570 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 7,705 ... ... 19.1 ... ...
1981 to 1990 5,875 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 575 ... ... 19.5 ... ... 5,050 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
1991 to 2000 5,025 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 560 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 5,065 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
2001 to 2005 2,785 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 290 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 5,235 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
2006 to 2010 3,510 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 295 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 6,775 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
2011 to 2015 3,600 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 285 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 5,510 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
2016 to 202157 1,525 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 145 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 3,490 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 37,665 ... ... 90.9 ... ... 2,705 ... ... 91.7 ... ... 37,525 ... ... 93.1 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,755 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 240 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 2,800 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 21,775 ... ... 52.6 ... ... 1,535 ... ... 52.0 ... ... 21,145 ... ... 52.4 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 18,330 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 44.1 ... ... 17,240 ... ... 42.8 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,315 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 110 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 1,945 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 1,250 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 65 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 1,400 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
25 to 34 years 5,435 ... ... 13.1 ... ... 330 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 8,385 ... ... 20.8 ... ...
35 to 44 years 7,330 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 520 ... ... 17.6 ... ... 10,675 ... ... 26.5 ... ...
45 to 54 years 6,980 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 520 ... ... 17.6 ... ... 8,235 ... ... 20.4 ... ...
55 to 64 years 8,640 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 645 ... ... 21.9 ... ... 7,310 ... ... 18.1 ... ...
65 to 74 years 6,925 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 570 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 2,990 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
75 to 84 years 3,655 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 225 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 1,035 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
85 years and over 1,205 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 80 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 295 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 37,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,805 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 38,120 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 30,335 ... ... 81.9 ... ... 2,365 ... ... 84.3 ... ... 32,960 ... ... 86.5 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 6,715 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 435 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 5,160 ... ... 13.5 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 6,140 ... ... 16.6 ... ... 385 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 4,590 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 41,420 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,950 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 40,325 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 10,820 ... ... 26.1 ... ... 735 ... ... 24.9 ... ... 9,310 ... ... 23.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 5,990 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 390 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 4,510 ... ... 11.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 995 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 95 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 1,805 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 2,815 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 195 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 2,100 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 80 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 195 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 620 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 30 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 440 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 295 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 20 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 250 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 20 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 30,600 ... ... 73.9 ... ... 2,210 ... ... 74.9 ... ... 31,015 ... ... 76.9 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 36,475 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,750 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 37,545 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 4,895 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 245 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 2,200 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Not in core need 31,585 ... ... 86.6 ... ... 2,505 ... ... 91.1 ... ... 35,345 ... ... 94.1 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 28,640 ... ... ... ... ... 2,175 ... ... ... ... ... 26,250 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 55.6 ... ... 55.6 ... ... 52.0 ... ... 52.0 ... ... 79.1 ... ... 79.1 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 11.3 ... ...
% in core housing need63 10.5 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,140 ... ... 1,140 ... ... 940 ... ... 940 ... ... 2,340 ... ... 2,340 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,372 ... ... 1,372 ... ... 1,278 ... ... 1,278 ... ... 2,320 ... ... 2,320 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 300,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 329,600 ... ... 329,600 ... ... 430,000 ... ... 430,000 ... ... 429,600 ... ... 429,600 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 8,580 ... ... ... ... ... 640 ... ... ... ... ... 11,945 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 13.0 ... ... 13.0 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 29.4 ... ... 29.4 ... ... 22.4 ... ... 22.4 ... ... 18.4 ... ... 18.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 23.1 ... ... 23.1 ... ... 17.9 ... ... 17.9 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 11.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,000 ... ... 1,000 ... ... 1,180 ... ... 1,180 ... ... 1,400 ... ... 1,400 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,075 ... ... 1,075 ... ... 1,144 ... ... 1,144 ... ... 1,528 ... ... 1,528 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 830 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 1,330 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 5.5 ... ... 5.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 352 ... ... 352 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 400 ... ... 400 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 357 ... ... 357 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 445 ... ... 445 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 102,585 51,965 50,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,820 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,075 52,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 9,335 4,750 4,585 9.1 9.1 9.1 755 380 375 10.0 9.9 10.0 12,275 6,255 6,020 11.2 11.0 11.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 8,750 4,450 4,295 8.5 8.6 8.5 705 360 345 9.3 9.4 9.2 11,790 6,025 5,770 10.8 10.6 11.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 6,100 3,045 3,055 5.9 5.9 6.0 280 140 145 3.7 3.7 3.9 9,615 4,845 4,765 8.8 8.5 9.1
Métis single ancestry 2,615 1,395 1,215 2.5 2.7 2.4 420 220 205 5.5 5.8 5.5 2,045 1,105 940 1.9 1.9 1.8
Inuit single ancestry 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 590 300 290 0.6 0.6 0.6 55 25 30 0.7 0.7 0.8 480 230 250 0.4 0.4 0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 560 285 275 0.5 0.5 0.5 55 25 30 0.7 0.7 0.8 440 210 235 0.4 0.4 0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 7,775 3,990 3,785 7.6 7.7 7.5 1,255 625 630 16.6 16.4 16.8 9,485 4,590 4,890 8.7 8.0 9.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 7,465 3,820 3,645 7.3 7.4 7.2 1,205 605 605 15.9 15.8 16.1 8,940 4,355 4,585 8.2 7.6 8.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 4,040 2,160 1,885 3.9 4.2 3.7 550 325 220 7.3 8.5 5.9 5,605 2,770 2,835 5.1 4.9 5.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 3,330 1,610 1,720 3.2 3.1 3.4 660 275 385 8.7 7.2 10.3 3,080 1,450 1,625 2.8 2.5 3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 130 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 310 170 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 20 20 0.6 0.5 0.5 545 240 305 0.5 0.4 0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 300 165 140 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 20 20 0.6 0.5 0.5 430 180 245 0.4 0.3 0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 85,470 43,225 42,250 83.3 83.2 83.5 5,560 2,810 2,750 73.4 73.6 73.2 87,820 46,235 41,580 80.1 81.0 79.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 102,580 51,960 50,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,565 3,815 3,750 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,080 52,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 98,845 50,270 48,575 96.4 96.7 96.0 7,255 3,675 3,580 95.9 96.3 95.5 101,660 53,375 48,285 92.8 93.5 92.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18 24,140 12,465 11,675 23.5 24.0 23.1 1,690 870 815 22.3 22.8 21.7 28,200 14,480 13,715 25.7 25.4 26.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 74,700 37,805 36,895 72.8 72.8 72.9 5,570 2,805 2,760 73.6 73.5 73.6 73,460 38,890 34,570 67.0 68.1 65.9
Not Canadian citizens78 3,740 1,690 2,045 3.6 3.3 4.0 310 140 175 4.1 3.7 4.7 7,910 3,700 4,210 7.2 6.5 8.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 102,580 51,960 50,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,565 3,815 3,750 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,080 52,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 94,145 48,000 46,150 91.8 92.4 91.2 6,830 3,490 3,335 90.3 91.5 88.9 90,670 47,685 42,985 82.8 83.5 81.9
Immigrants81 7,795 3,620 4,170 7.6 7.0 8.2 720 310 405 9.5 8.1 10.8 17,890 8,875 9,015 16.3 15.5 17.2
Before 1980 1,325 685 640 1.3 1.3 1.3 160 105 55 2.1 2.8 1.5 1,075 645 435 1.0 1.1 0.8
1980 to 1990 470 190 280 0.5 0.4 0.6 25 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.5 750 390 360 0.7 0.7 0.7
1991 to 2000 600 255 345 0.6 0.5 0.7 90 40 50 1.2 1.0 1.3 1,800 1,025 775 1.6 1.8 1.5
2001 to 2010 1,535 765 775 1.5 1.5 1.5 105 45 60 1.4 1.2 1.6 5,010 2,535 2,475 4.6 4.4 4.7
2011 to 202182 3,860 1,725 2,135 3.8 3.3 4.2 340 120 220 4.5 3.1 5.9 9,250 4,275 4,975 8.4 7.5 9.5
2011 to 2015 2,000 915 1,090 1.9 1.8 2.2 195 70 130 2.6 1.8 3.5 4,485 2,065 2,415 4.1 3.6 4.6
2016 to 2021 1,860 810 1,050 1.8 1.6 2.1 145 55 85 1.9 1.4 2.3 4,770 2,215 2,555 4.4 3.9 4.9
Non-permanent residents83 645 350 300 0.6 0.7 0.6 25 0 15 0.3 0.0 0.4 1,010 520 490 0.9 0.9 0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 7,790 3,620 4,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 715 310 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,890 8,875 9,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 725 380 345 9.3 10.5 8.3 35 15 20 4.9 4.8 4.9 1,225 680 545 6.8 7.7 6.0
5 to 14 years 1,585 810 775 20.3 22.4 18.6 140 95 50 19.6 30.6 12.3 2,955 1,635 1,320 16.5 18.4 14.6
15 to 24 years 1,435 650 785 18.4 18.0 18.8 145 55 90 20.3 17.7 22.2 3,110 1,620 1,495 17.4 18.3 16.6
25 to 44 years 3,425 1,515 1,915 44.0 41.9 45.9 330 130 205 46.2 41.9 50.6 8,860 4,135 4,725 49.5 46.6 52.4
45 years and over 625 270 355 8.0 7.5 8.5 70 25 45 9.8 8.1 11.1 1,735 815 930 9.7 9.2 10.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 7,790 3,620 4,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 715 310 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,890 8,875 9,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 1,955 895 1,060 25.1 24.7 25.4 150 55 100 21.0 17.7 24.7 1,710 770 935 9.6 8.7 10.4
Brazil 20 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 30 15 15 4.2 4.8 3.7 115 45 65 0.6 0.5 0.7
Colombia 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.7 0.8 0.6
El Salvador 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guyana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.3 0.2 0.3
Haiti 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 55 15 40 0.7 0.4 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 185 140 1.8 2.1 1.6
Mexico 1,005 460 550 12.9 12.7 13.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 35 0.3 0.1 0.4
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Trinidad and Tobago 30 0 30 0.4 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
United States of America 555 265 290 7.1 7.3 7.0 105 35 65 14.7 11.3 16.0 540 245 295 3.0 2.8 3.3
Other places of birth in Americas 245 120 125 3.1 3.3 3.0 15 0 15 2.1 0.0 3.7 380 140 240 2.1 1.6 2.7
Europe 1,840 905 935 23.6 25.0 22.4 65 40 25 9.1 12.9 6.2 1,805 925 880 10.1 10.4 9.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina 30 10 20 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Croatia 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Germany 300 175 120 3.9 4.8 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 65 90 0.9 0.7 1.0
Greece 25 20 10 0.3 0.6 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Hungary 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Netherlands 160 85 75 2.1 2.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.3 0.4 0.3
Poland 130 45 90 1.7 1.2 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 60 75 0.8 0.7 0.8
Portugal 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Romania 35 25 10 0.4 0.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.3 0.2 0.3
Russian Federation 30 20 15 0.4 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 40 0.3 0.2 0.4
Serbia86 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Ukraine 130 60 70 1.7 1.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 80 0.7 0.6 0.9
United Kingdom87 690 335 350 8.9 9.3 8.4 30 15 10 4.2 4.8 2.5 690 385 305 3.9 4.3 3.4
Other places of birth in Europe 245 100 145 3.1 2.8 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 190 155 1.9 2.1 1.7
Africa 510 245 265 6.5 6.8 6.4 55 30 25 7.7 9.7 6.2 3,480 1,990 1,495 19.5 22.4 16.6
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.3 0.4 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 45 20 25 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Egypt 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 90 35 0.7 1.0 0.4
Eritrea 40 25 10 0.5 0.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 125 75 1.1 1.4 0.8
Ethiopia 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 340 195 3.0 3.8 2.2
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 55 30 0.5 0.6 0.3
Nigeria 65 35 25 0.8 1.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 260 280 3.0 2.9 3.1
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 260 140 2.2 2.9 1.6
South Africa, Republic of 220 90 130 2.8 2.5 3.1 45 20 25 6.3 6.5 6.2 340 155 185 1.9 1.7 2.1
Other places of birth in Africa 115 50 60 1.5 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,190 655 530 6.7 7.4 5.9
Asia 3,450 1,560 1,890 44.3 43.1 45.3 430 180 250 60.1 58.1 61.7 10,700 5,100 5,605 59.8 57.5 62.2
Afghanistan 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Iran88 45 30 20 0.6 0.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 55 25 0.4 0.6 0.3
Iraq 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Lebanon 85 55 30 1.1 1.5 0.7 60 35 25 8.4 11.3 6.2 310 180 135 1.7 2.0 1.5
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Turkey 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 15 0.3 0.3 0.2
China90 120 60 65 1.5 1.7 1.6 50 25 20 7.0 8.1 4.9 485 230 260 2.7 2.6 2.9
Hong Kong91 40 30 15 0.5 0.8 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 15 0.3 0.5 0.2
Korea, South92 80 35 45 1.0 1.0 1.1 15 15 0 2.1 4.8 0.0 130 65 65 0.7 0.7 0.7
Taiwan 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Philippines 2,110 865 1,240 27.1 23.9 29.7 255 90 160 35.7 29.0 39.5 5,480 2,370 3,110 30.6 26.7 34.5
Viet Nam 40 20 25 0.5 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.6 0.5 0.6
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.7 0.8 0.6
India 485 255 225 6.2 7.0 5.4 30 10 20 4.2 3.2 4.9 2,130 1,105 1,025 11.9 12.5 11.4
Pakistan 185 100 90 2.4 2.8 2.2 10 10 10 1.4 3.2 2.5 770 450 320 4.3 5.1 3.5
Sri Lanka 30 15 15 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 95 70 0.9 1.1 0.8
Other places of birth in Asia 150 65 85 1.9 1.8 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 285 410 3.9 3.2 4.5
Oceania and other places of birth93 40 20 20 0.5 0.6 0.5 15 10 10 2.1 3.2 2.5 190 100 90 1.1 1.1 1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 1,855 810 1,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 145 55 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,770 2,215 2,555 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 285 110 170 15.4 13.6 16.2 25 0 20 17.2 0.0 23.5 365 135 230 7.7 6.1 9.0
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.4
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.6 0.7 0.8
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 30 0 25 1.6 0.0 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 35 70 2.3 1.6 2.7
Mexico 110 35 75 5.9 4.3 7.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.4
United States of America 95 50 45 5.1 6.2 4.3 10 0 10 6.9 0.0 11.8 105 50 55 2.2 2.3 2.2
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.8 0.7 1.0
Other places of birth in Americas 45 25 20 2.4 3.1 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 15 50 1.4 0.7 2.0
Europe 125 50 70 6.7 6.2 6.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 85 3.8 4.1 3.3
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.5 0.9 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 10 0 10 0.5 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 25 0 20 1.3 0.0 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.5 0.0 0.8
United Kingdom87 25 20 10 1.3 2.5 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.6 0.7 0.6
Other places of birth in Europe 55 25 30 3.0 3.1 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 35 1.9 2.5 1.4
Africa 190 90 95 10.2 11.1 9.0 20 0 15 13.8 0.0 17.6 985 490 495 20.6 22.1 19.4
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.7 0.9 0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 10 15 1.6 1.2 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.5 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 40 15 1.2 1.8 0.6
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 100 35 2.8 4.5 1.4
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 75 2.5 1.8 2.9
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.4
Nigeria 35 20 20 1.9 2.5 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 90 105 4.0 4.1 4.1
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 2.1 2.0 2.2
South Africa, Republic of 95 45 45 5.1 5.6 4.3 20 0 15 13.8 0.0 17.6 105 55 50 2.2 2.5 2.0
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.4 0.0 0.8
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 20 0 15 1.1 0.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 105 3.8 3.4 4.1
Asia 1,255 550 710 67.7 67.9 67.6 90 35 55 62.1 63.6 64.7 3,235 1,495 1,740 67.8 67.5 68.1
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 35 1.0 0.7 1.4
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.5 0.0
India 225 120 105 12.1 14.8 10.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 8.4 8.8 7.8
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.4
Korea, South92 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 15 10 10 0.8 1.2 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.6
Nepal 20 10 15 1.1 1.2 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pakistan 10 10 0 0.5 1.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 35 1.9 2.5 1.4
Philippines 910 370 535 49.1 45.7 51.0 80 40 45 55.2 72.7 52.9 2,315 1,070 1,245 48.5 48.3 48.7
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.5 1.1 0.0
Sri Lanka 20 10 15 1.1 1.2 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.8 1.1 0.6
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.6 0.5 0.6
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.5 0.9 0.0
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.3 0.0 0.6
Other places of birth in Asia 15 0 15 0.8 0.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 30 95 2.5 1.4 3.7
Oceania and other93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 102,580 51,965 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,080 52,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 9,140 4,315 4,825 8.9 8.3 9.5 785 350 430 10.4 9.2 11.5 19,670 9,880 9,790 18.0 17.3 18.6
Second generation101 12,270 6,290 5,980 12.0 12.1 11.8 1,180 585 590 15.6 15.3 15.7 12,330 6,415 5,915 11.3 11.2 11.3
Third generation or more102 81,170 41,355 39,815 79.1 79.6 78.7 5,610 2,880 2,730 74.1 75.5 72.7 77,570 40,780 36,790 70.8 71.4 70.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 6,465 2,935 3,530 100.0 100.0 100.0 560 210 350 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,810 8,230 8,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 3,895 1,865 2,030 60.2 63.5 57.5 325 135 185 58.0 64.3 52.9 9,970 5,095 4,875 59.3 61.9 56.8
Principal applicants105 1,525 875 650 23.6 29.8 18.4 125 55 75 22.3 26.2 21.4 4,160 2,325 1,840 24.7 28.3 21.4
Secondary applicants106 2,370 990 1,380 36.7 33.7 39.1 195 85 115 34.8 40.5 32.9 5,810 2,775 3,035 34.6 33.7 35.4
Immigrants sponsored by family107 1,970 755 1,215 30.5 25.7 34.4 230 70 160 41.1 33.3 45.7 4,560 1,695 2,860 27.1 20.6 33.3
Refugees108 460 235 220 7.1 8.0 6.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,380 760 12.7 16.8 8.9
Other immigrants109 140 80 60 2.2 2.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 85 0.8 0.7 1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 6,465 2,935 3,530 100.0 100.0 100.0 560 210 350 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,810 8,230 8,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 225 120 100 3.5 4.1 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 975 600 370 5.8 7.3 4.3
Work permits only before admission112 1,655 700 955 25.6 23.9 27.1 200 75 125 35.7 35.7 35.7 3,605 1,360 2,245 21.4 16.5 26.2
Study permits only before admission113 320 165 155 4.9 5.6 4.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 220 240 2.8 2.7 2.8
Work and study permits before admission114 275 135 135 4.3 4.6 3.8 15 10 0 2.7 4.8 0.0 605 355 255 3.6 4.3 3.0
Other permits before admission115 45 10 35 0.7 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
No pre-admission experience116 3,950 1,800 2,150 61.1 61.3 60.9 340 120 215 60.7 57.1 61.4 11,150 5,690 5,465 66.3 69.1 63.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 102,580 51,965 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,075 52,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 6,610 3,235 3,380 6.4 6.2 6.7 860 370 485 11.4 9.7 12.9 22,395 11,175 11,215 20.4 19.6 21.4
South Asian 1,340 745 595 1.3 1.4 1.2 85 40 45 1.1 1.0 1.2 5,105 2,715 2,390 4.7 4.8 4.6
Chinese 305 150 150 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 35 30 0.9 0.9 0.8 880 420 465 0.8 0.7 0.9
Black 750 395 360 0.7 0.8 0.7 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 5,110 2,850 2,260 4.7 5.0 4.3
Filipino 2,930 1,310 1,615 2.9 2.5 3.2 325 120 210 4.3 3.1 5.6 7,085 3,160 3,920 6.5 5.5 7.5
Arab 230 120 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 290 135 155 3.8 3.5 4.1 1,745 925 820 1.6 1.6 1.6
Latin American 370 170 200 0.4 0.3 0.4 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 780 330 455 0.7 0.6 0.9
Southeast Asian 150 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.3 490 185 305 0.4 0.3 0.6
West Asian 100 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 150 70 0.2 0.3 0.1
Korean 160 70 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 160 85 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Japanese 50 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 75 60 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 100 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple visible minorities 160 70 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3 535 230 305 0.5 0.4 0.6
Not a visible minority120 95,970 48,730 47,240 93.6 93.8 93.3 6,710 3,445 3,265 88.6 90.3 87.0 87,175 45,900 41,270 79.6 80.4 78.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 102,580 51,960 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,565 3,815 3,750 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,075 52,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 12,920 6,755 6,170 12.6 13.0 12.2 800 395 405 10.6 10.4 10.8 16,335 8,755 7,580 14.9 15.3 14.4
English 21,440 10,420 11,025 20.9 20.1 21.8 1,220 605 610 16.1 15.9 16.3 17,925 9,430 8,490 16.4 16.5 16.2
Irish 14,920 7,065 7,855 14.5 13.6 15.5 915 450 465 12.1 11.8 12.4 16,970 8,655 8,315 15.5 15.2 15.8
Scottish 15,145 7,435 7,710 14.8 14.3 15.2 850 465 385 11.2 12.2 10.3 14,155 7,285 6,870 12.9 12.8 13.1
French, n.o.s.122 13,095 6,425 6,675 12.8 12.4 13.2 1,990 1,055 935 26.3 27.7 24.9 11,605 5,925 5,680 10.6 10.4 10.8
German 18,285 9,035 9,250 17.8 17.4 18.3 970 480 495 12.8 12.6 13.2 9,985 4,985 5,000 9.1 8.7 9.5
Chinese 400 180 215 0.4 0.3 0.4 125 60 65 1.7 1.6 1.7 1,130 520 605 1.0 0.9 1.2
Italian 1,045 570 475 1.0 1.1 0.9 270 165 105 3.6 4.3 2.8 1,545 965 580 1.4 1.7 1.1
Indian (India) 755 425 330 0.7 0.8 0.7 45 20 20 0.6 0.5 0.5 2,435 1,295 1,140 2.2 2.3 2.2
Ukrainian 20,945 10,700 10,245 20.4 20.6 20.2 1,225 605 620 16.2 15.9 16.5 6,510 3,395 3,115 5.9 5.9 5.9
Dutch 3,270 1,585 1,685 3.2 3.1 3.3 105 45 65 1.4 1.2 1.7 2,455 1,255 1,195 2.2 2.2 2.3
Polish 7,225 3,565 3,665 7.0 6.9 7.2 520 250 275 6.9 6.6 7.3 3,175 1,730 1,445 2.9 3.0 2.8
Québécois 205 100 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 2,030 1,005 1,025 2.0 1.9 2.0 125 60 60 1.7 1.6 1.6 2,545 1,290 1,250 2.3 2.3 2.4
Filipino 2,735 1,210 1,530 2.7 2.3 3.0 275 85 190 3.6 2.2 5.1 6,115 2,675 3,435 5.6 4.7 6.5
French Canadian 1,145 570 575 1.1 1.1 1.1 160 70 85 2.1 1.8 2.3 880 450 435 0.8 0.8 0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,660 865 795 1.6 1.7 1.6 25 20 10 0.3 0.5 0.3 4,195 2,290 1,905 3.8 4.0 3.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 3,685 1,860 1,830 3.6 3.6 3.6 190 90 100 2.5 2.4 2.7 5,120 2,675 2,450 4.7 4.7 4.7
Métis 6,840 3,475 3,365 6.7 6.7 6.6 1,180 540 640 15.6 14.2 17.1 6,070 2,990 3,080 5.5 5.2 5.9
European, n.o.s.126 1,290 665 625 1.3 1.3 1.2 100 50 50 1.3 1.3 1.3 2,005 1,030 975 1.8 1.8 1.9
Russian 2,200 1,095 1,100 2.1 2.1 2.2 480 255 220 6.3 6.7 5.9 1,550 810 740 1.4 1.4 1.4
Norwegian 5,045 2,440 2,600 4.9 4.7 5.1 285 150 140 3.8 3.9 3.7 2,215 1,090 1,125 2.0 1.9 2.1
Welsh 1,730 875 855 1.7 1.7 1.7 105 45 50 1.4 1.2 1.3 1,430 675 760 1.3 1.2 1.4
Portuguese 205 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 175 245 0.4 0.3 0.5
American 1,370 695 675 1.3 1.3 1.3 135 80 50 1.8 2.1 1.3 1,050 555 495 1.0 1.0 0.9
Spanish 480 225 255 0.5 0.4 0.5 30 15 15 0.4 0.4 0.4 795 330 470 0.7 0.6 0.9
Swedish 2,535 1,215 1,320 2.5 2.3 2.6 220 75 155 2.9 2.0 4.1 1,445 700 745 1.3 1.2 1.4
Hungarian 1,100 565 535 1.1 1.1 1.1 25 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.5 625 310 315 0.6 0.5 0.6
Acadian 325 160 165 0.3 0.3 0.3 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 785 405 385 0.7 0.7 0.7
Pakistani 280 160 120 0.3 0.3 0.2 20 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,035 525 510 0.9 0.9 1.0
African, n.o.s.127 180 75 105 0.2 0.1 0.2 25 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,165 620 545 1.1 1.1 1.0
Jewish 85 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Punjabi 60 45 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Vietnamese 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 80 85 0.2 0.1 0.2
Arab, n.o.s.128 85 60 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 45 20 30 0.6 0.5 0.8 705 380 320 0.6 0.7 0.6
Greek 220 105 115 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 115 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Jamaican 85 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 265 245 0.5 0.5 0.5
Asian, n.o.s.129 235 115 115 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 40 20 0.8 1.0 0.5 1,195 610 585 1.1 1.1 1.1
Cree, n.o.s.130 4,545 2,330 2,215 4.4 4.5 4.4 450 265 180 5.9 6.9 4.8 4,730 2,335 2,400 4.3 4.1 4.6
Korean 150 80 75 0.1 0.2 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 175 95 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 1,005 460 545 1.0 0.9 1.1 155 80 75 2.0 2.1 2.0 670 355 320 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 190 70 120 0.2 0.1 0.2 255 120 135 3.4 3.1 3.6 1,005 540 460 0.9 0.9 0.9
Iranian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian, n.i.e.131 320 170 150 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 220 200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 1,295 660 640 1.3 1.3 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 330 305 0.6 0.6 0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 1,110 585 535 1.1 1.1 1.1 160 80 75 2.1 2.1 2.0 2,040 1,015 1,020 1.9 1.8 1.9
Sikh 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 55 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austrian 890 390 500 0.9 0.8 1.0 45 15 30 0.6 0.4 0.8 485 290 200 0.4 0.5 0.4
Belgian 435 220 220 0.4 0.4 0.4 35 30 10 0.5 0.8 0.3 275 145 125 0.3 0.3 0.2
Haitian 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 125 70 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 315 265 0.5 0.6 0.5
Mexican 705 335 365 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mennonite 1,670 800 875 1.6 1.5 1.7 30 0 25 0.4 0.0 0.7 120 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Swiss 520 230 290 0.5 0.4 0.6 40 15 20 0.5 0.4 0.5 290 160 125 0.3 0.3 0.2
Finnish 375 210 160 0.4 0.4 0.3 75 30 40 1.0 0.8 1.1 330 170 160 0.3 0.3 0.3
Sri Lankan 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Japanese 60 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 80 100 0.2 0.1 0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 115 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 270 145 130 0.3 0.3 0.3 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3 1,665 755 910 1.5 1.3 1.7
Northern European, n.o.s.135 635 335 300 0.6 0.6 0.6 60 25 30 0.8 0.7 0.8 460 245 220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Muslim 40 30 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 75 0.2 0.2 0.1
Egyptian 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 60 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 365 165 200 0.4 0.3 0.4 25 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.3 290 130 160 0.3 0.2 0.3
Colombian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 90 60 0.1 0.2 0.1
Czech 450 240 210 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 95 145 0.2 0.2 0.3
Syrian 50 50 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afghan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 130 105 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 65 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Ojibway 120 80 40 0.1 0.2 0.1 20 15 10 0.3 0.4 0.3 170 95 75 0.2 0.2 0.1
Newfoundlander 220 95 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 980 780 1.6 1.7 1.5
Hong Konger 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 65 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkish 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.138 155 80 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 275 240 0.5 0.5 0.5
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Brazilian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.4 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nigerian 80 55 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 230 175 0.4 0.4 0.3
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 285 170 120 0.3 0.3 0.2 25 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 115 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 125 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 85 90 0.2 0.1 0.2
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 570 360 205 0.5 0.6 0.4
Taiwanese 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
African Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 50 40 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 30 25 10 0.4 0.7 0.3 100 65 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.143 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 100 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
South African 195 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 105 140 0.2 0.2 0.3
Australian 135 90 55 0.1 0.2 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.3 105 45 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congolese 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Nova Scotian 75 25 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 85 0.1 0.1 0.2
Ethiopian 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 280 155 0.4 0.5 0.3
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 35 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Yoruba 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 120 155 0.3 0.2 0.3
Cambodian (Khmer) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 50 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 85 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 25 55 0.1 0.0 0.1
New Brunswicker 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 35 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eritrean 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 120 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Canadian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 50 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 220 105 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 20 10 0.4 0.5 0.3 170 80 85 0.2 0.1 0.2
Bulgarian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Albertan 955 470 485 0.9 0.9 1.0 45 30 20 0.6 0.8 0.5 845 435 410 0.8 0.8 0.8
Ghanaian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.3 0.0 0.5 70 20 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 45 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latvian 50 30 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Northern Irish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.150 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
British Columbian 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 10 10 10 0.1 0.3 0.3 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 65 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 20 90 0.1 0.0 0.2
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 165 75 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,215 550 665 1.1 1.0 1.3
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 115 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 60 40 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Abenaki 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1
Sudanese 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 70 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 65 20 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 905 480 420 0.9 0.9 0.8 30 20 15 0.4 0.5 0.4 275 140 135 0.3 0.2 0.3
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 290 130 165 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 25 0.1 0.1 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 80 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 105 45 0.1 0.2 0.1
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Manitoban 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 255 200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.1
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.2
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 560 245 310 0.5 0.4 0.6
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 0.1 0.0 0.1
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 102,580 51,965 50,620 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,570 3,815 3,755 100.0 100.0 100.0 109,570 57,075 52,495 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 130 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 140 200 0.3 0.2 0.4
Christian 57,695 27,840 29,855 56.2 53.6 59.0 4,675 2,280 2,390 61.8 59.8 63.6 57,840 28,675 29,160 52.8 50.2 55.5
Christian, n.o.s.162 8,985 4,435 4,550 8.8 8.5 9.0 720 315 405 9.5 8.3 10.8 9,695 4,740 4,960 8.8 8.3 9.4
Anabaptist 1,675 870 810 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.1 0.0 0.1
Anglican 2,660 1,235 1,425 2.6 2.4 2.8 205 80 120 2.7 2.1 3.2 4,680 2,315 2,365 4.3 4.1 4.5
Baptist 1,410 690 725 1.4 1.3 1.4 60 30 25 0.8 0.8 0.7 1,275 610 665 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 24,835 12,170 12,660 24.2 23.4 25.0 2,505 1,205 1,295 33.1 31.6 34.5 28,585 14,250 14,335 26.1 25.0 27.3
Christian Orthodox 3,310 1,630 1,685 3.2 3.1 3.3 445 265 180 5.9 6.9 4.8 1,520 835 690 1.4 1.5 1.3
Jehovah's Witness 585 220 370 0.6 0.4 0.7 80 40 40 1.1 1.0 1.1 325 155 165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latter Day Saints 300 140 165 0.3 0.3 0.3 25 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.3 585 280 310 0.5 0.5 0.6
Lutheran 1,800 880 920 1.8 1.7 1.8 80 20 60 1.1 0.5 1.6 495 205 290 0.5 0.4 0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 205 85 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 890 455 430 0.8 0.8 0.8
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,580 775 805 1.5 1.5 1.6 40 25 10 0.5 0.7 0.3 3,645 1,730 1,915 3.3 3.0 3.6
Presbyterian 390 200 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 325 180 145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Reformed 205 95 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 125 85 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 6,510 2,965 3,545 6.3 5.7 7.0 120 75 50 1.6 2.0 1.3 2,930 1,505 1,425 2.7 2.6 2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 3,235 1,465 1,775 3.2 2.8 3.5 370 195 180 4.9 5.1 4.8 2,605 1,280 1,330 2.4 2.2 2.5
Hindu 475 250 225 0.5 0.5 0.4 40 20 20 0.5 0.5 0.5 2,160 1,150 1,005 2.0 2.0 1.9
Jewish 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Muslim 720 400 325 0.7 0.8 0.6 340 170 175 4.5 4.5 4.7 4,885 2,665 2,220 4.5 4.7 4.2
Sikh 290 160 130 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 195 135 0.3 0.3 0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 1,655 865 790 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 940 475 470 0.9 0.8 0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions 870 360 505 0.8 0.7 1.0 20 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.3 810 370 445 0.7 0.6 0.8
No religion and secular perspectives 40,725 22,015 18,710 39.7 42.4 37.0 2,485 1,335 1,155 32.8 35.0 30.8 42,235 23,390 18,840 38.5 41.0 35.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 101,545 51,455 50,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,505 3,780 3,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 108,165 56,360 51,810 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 91,155 46,490 44,665 89.8 90.4 89.2 6,930 3,490 3,440 92.3 92.3 92.3 93,690 48,900 44,785 86.6 86.8 86.4
Movers 10,390 4,965 5,425 10.2 9.6 10.8 575 295 280 7.7 7.8 7.5 14,480 7,460 7,020 13.4 13.2 13.5
Non-migrants 5,430 2,550 2,875 5.3 5.0 5.7 290 165 120 3.9 4.4 3.2 10,175 5,325 4,850 9.4 9.4 9.4
Migrants 4,965 2,415 2,545 4.9 4.7 5.1 285 125 155 3.8 3.3 4.2 4,305 2,135 2,175 4.0 3.8 4.2
Internal migrants 4,775 2,325 2,450 4.7 4.5 4.9 280 125 155 3.7 3.3 4.2 3,805 1,905 1,905 3.5 3.4 3.7
Intraprovincial migrants 3,715 1,860 1,860 3.7 3.6 3.7 260 125 140 3.5 3.3 3.8 2,340 1,135 1,205 2.2 2.0 2.3
Interprovincial migrants 1,060 465 590 1.0 0.9 1.2 15 0 15 0.2 0.0 0.4 1,465 765 700 1.4 1.4 1.4
External migrants 185 95 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 230 270 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 96,465 48,845 47,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,180 3,620 3,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 101,260 52,840 48,420 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 64,955 33,300 31,655 67.3 68.2 66.5 5,465 2,795 2,675 76.1 77.2 75.2 57,920 30,520 27,395 57.2 57.8 56.6
Movers 31,505 15,545 15,960 32.7 31.8 33.5 1,710 830 885 23.8 22.9 24.9 43,345 22,320 21,025 42.8 42.2 43.4
Non-migrants 9,630 4,670 4,960 10.0 9.6 10.4 1,000 505 490 13.9 14.0 13.8 21,940 11,505 10,435 21.7 21.8 21.6
Migrants 21,875 10,875 11,000 22.7 22.3 23.1 720 325 390 10.0 9.0 11.0 21,400 10,815 10,590 21.1 20.5 21.9
Internal migrants 20,375 10,155 10,220 21.1 20.8 21.5 670 295 370 9.3 8.1 10.4 18,225 9,235 8,990 18.0 17.5 18.6
Intraprovincial migrants 16,175 8,055 8,120 16.8 16.5 17.1 605 270 335 8.4 7.5 9.4 9,855 4,800 5,055 9.7 9.1 10.4
Interprovincial migrants 4,195 2,100 2,100 4.3 4.3 4.4 60 25 35 0.8 0.7 1.0 8,370 4,435 3,935 8.3 8.4 8.1
External migrants 1,500 715 780 1.6 1.5 1.6 50 25 20 0.7 0.7 0.6 3,180 1,580 1,595 3.1 3.0 3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 82,025 41,455 40,565 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,210 40,290 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 20,285 11,770 8,515 24.7 28.4 21.0 1,605 925 680 26.1 29.8 22.3 15,360 8,755 6,600 18.2 19.8 16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 61,740 29,685 32,050 75.3 71.6 79.0 4,545 2,175 2,370 73.9 70.2 77.6 69,140 35,455 33,685 81.8 80.2 83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 52,510 26,340 26,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,925 1,920 2,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,190 33,870 31,320 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 9,200 5,660 3,540 17.5 21.5 13.5 720 410 310 18.3 21.4 15.5 7,950 4,675 3,275 12.2 13.8 10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 43,310 20,685 22,630 82.5 78.5 86.5 3,205 1,510 1,695 81.7 78.6 84.5 57,240 29,195 28,045 87.8 86.2 89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 82,025 41,460 40,570 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 17,450 9,770 7,680 21.3 23.6 18.9 1,400 780 620 22.8 25.2 20.3 13,540 7,475 6,065 16.0 16.9 15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 25,630 12,515 13,110 31.2 30.2 32.3 1,740 825 910 28.3 26.6 29.8 25,005 12,470 12,530 29.6 28.2 31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 38,945 19,170 19,780 47.5 46.2 48.8 3,010 1,490 1,525 48.9 48.1 50.0 45,955 24,270 21,685 54.4 54.9 53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 29,235 15,635 13,595 35.6 37.7 33.5 2,190 1,175 1,015 35.6 37.9 33.3 31,570 18,360 13,205 37.4 41.5 32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 10,890 8,805 2,090 13.3 21.2 5.2 745 635 110 12.1 20.5 3.6 11,530 9,530 2,000 13.6 21.6 5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,890 1,765 1,125 3.5 4.3 2.8 180 130 50 2.9 4.2 1.6 3,255 2,200 1,055 3.9 5.0 2.6
Apprenticeship certificate169 8,000 7,040 955 9.8 17.0 2.4 565 510 55 9.2 16.5 1.8 8,275 7,325 945 9.8 16.6 2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 16,225 6,125 10,105 19.8 14.8 24.9 1,265 490 775 20.6 15.8 25.4 17,785 7,935 9,850 21.0 17.9 24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2,120 710 1,410 2.6 1.7 3.5 180 50 130 2.9 1.6 4.3 2,260 900 1,360 2.7 2.0 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 9,715 3,530 6,185 11.8 8.5 15.2 825 320 505 13.4 10.3 16.6 14,385 5,905 8,480 17.0 13.4 21.1
Bachelor's degree 7,435 2,600 4,840 9.1 6.3 11.9 640 220 420 10.4 7.1 13.8 10,625 4,165 6,455 12.6 9.4 16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 525 190 330 0.6 0.5 0.8 25 15 10 0.4 0.5 0.3 820 365 460 1.0 0.8 1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 350 190 165 0.4 0.5 0.4 10 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 250 95 155 0.3 0.2 0.4
Master's degree 1,285 485 805 1.6 1.2 2.0 135 55 75 2.2 1.8 2.5 2,500 1,165 1,335 3.0 2.6 3.3
Earned doctorate171 120 75 45 0.1 0.2 0.1 15 15 0 0.2 0.5 0.0 190 105 75 0.2 0.2 0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 52,510 26,340 26,165 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,925 1,915 2,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,190 33,870 31,325 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 7,435 4,390 3,045 14.2 16.7 11.6 600 335 270 15.3 17.5 13.5 6,585 3,700 2,885 10.1 10.9 9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 15,955 7,870 8,085 30.4 29.9 30.9 995 480 520 25.4 25.1 25.9 18,030 9,055 8,975 27.7 26.7 28.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 29,120 14,080 15,035 55.5 53.5 57.5 2,330 1,105 1,220 59.4 57.7 60.8 40,575 21,115 19,460 62.2 62.3 62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 21,495 11,400 10,095 40.9 43.3 38.6 1,625 865 760 41.4 45.2 37.9 27,510 15,900 11,610 42.2 46.9 37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 8,010 6,445 1,560 15.3 24.5 6.0 525 460 65 13.4 24.0 3.2 9,850 8,160 1,685 15.1 24.1 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,060 1,255 805 3.9 4.8 3.1 125 95 35 3.2 5.0 1.7 2,710 1,825 890 4.2 5.4 2.8
Apprenticeship certificate169 5,950 5,195 755 11.3 19.7 2.9 400 370 30 10.2 19.3 1.5 7,130 6,335 800 10.9 18.7 2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 12,030 4,480 7,550 22.9 17.0 28.9 960 370 585 24.5 19.3 29.2 15,665 6,970 8,700 24.0 20.6 27.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,460 470 985 2.8 1.8 3.8 140 35 110 3.6 1.8 5.5 1,995 770 1,225 3.1 2.3 3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher 7,625 2,685 4,940 14.5 10.2 18.9 700 235 460 17.8 12.3 22.9 13,060 5,215 7,845 20.0 15.4 25.0
Bachelor's degree 5,920 2,000 3,915 11.3 7.6 15.0 540 160 385 13.8 8.4 19.2 9,590 3,635 5,955 14.7 10.7 19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 345 125 225 0.7 0.5 0.9 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5 730 315 415 1.1 0.9 1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 305 155 145 0.6 0.6 0.6 15 15 0 0.4 0.8 0.0 235 85 150 0.4 0.3 0.5
Master's degree 970 340 630 1.8 1.3 2.4 125 55 70 3.2 2.9 3.5 2,325 1,075 1,250 3.6 3.2 4.0
Earned doctorate171 85 55 25 0.2 0.2 0.1 10 10 0 0.3 0.5 0.0 180 100 75 0.3 0.3 0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 82,025 41,455 40,570 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 43,075 22,290 20,785 52.5 53.8 51.2 3,140 1,610 1,535 51.1 51.9 50.3 38,545 19,945 18,600 45.6 45.1 46.2
Education 3,465 820 2,645 4.2 2.0 6.5 325 75 250 5.3 2.4 8.2 2,845 575 2,270 3.4 1.3 5.6
13. Education 3,465 820 2,645 4.2 2.0 6.5 325 75 250 5.3 2.4 8.2 2,845 575 2,270 3.4 1.3 5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 565 230 330 0.7 0.6 0.8 45 30 20 0.7 1.0 0.7 655 250 410 0.8 0.6 1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 85 50 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0 115 80 35 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 485 180 300 0.6 0.4 0.7 35 20 10 0.6 0.6 0.3 540 165 380 0.6 0.4 0.9
Humanities 795 260 540 1.0 0.6 1.3 80 35 40 1.3 1.1 1.3 1,260 480 775 1.5 1.1 1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 75 20 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 15 110 0.1 0.0 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 110 15 100 0.1 0.0 0.2 15 10 10 0.2 0.3 0.3 255 70 175 0.3 0.2 0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 210 35 175 0.3 0.1 0.4 10 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 395 115 280 0.5 0.3 0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 70 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.2 0.3 0.3 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 220 130 85 0.3 0.3 0.2 25 15 15 0.4 0.5 0.5 230 155 70 0.3 0.4 0.2
54. History 65 20 45 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 2,300 500 1,805 2.8 1.2 4.4 205 40 165 3.3 1.3 5.4 3,000 725 2,275 3.6 1.6 5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 50 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 200 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.3 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3 290 110 180 0.3 0.2 0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 890 25 870 1.1 0.1 2.1 85 10 80 1.4 0.3 2.6 880 40 840 1.0 0.1 2.1
22. Legal professions and studies 360 75 280 0.4 0.2 0.7 30 15 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 350 95 255 0.4 0.2 0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 10 50 0.1 0.0 0.1
42. Psychology 325 75 245 0.4 0.2 0.6 45 0 40 0.7 0.0 1.3 515 80 430 0.6 0.2 1.1
45. Social sciences 440 200 240 0.5 0.5 0.6 30 10 15 0.5 0.3 0.5 865 385 480 1.0 0.9 1.2
Business, management and public administration 6,775 1,705 5,070 8.3 4.1 12.5 575 165 415 9.3 5.3 13.6 8,485 2,190 6,300 10.0 5.0 15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 635 130 510 0.8 0.3 1.3 100 10 85 1.6 0.3 2.8 715 130 585 0.8 0.3 1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 6,115 1,575 4,540 7.5 3.8 11.2 470 145 320 7.6 4.7 10.5 7,760 2,060 5,700 9.2 4.7 14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies 750 380 375 0.9 0.9 0.9 55 15 35 0.9 0.5 1.1 1,180 545 635 1.4 1.2 1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 240 95 150 0.3 0.2 0.4 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3 350 95 260 0.4 0.2 0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 215 100 110 0.3 0.2 0.3 25 15 10 0.4 0.5 0.3 320 140 185 0.4 0.3 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 150 115 35 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 245 135 0.4 0.6 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 140 70 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.3 105 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 685 335 345 0.8 0.8 0.9 55 25 35 0.9 0.8 1.1 1,195 650 545 1.4 1.5 1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 495 300 195 0.6 0.7 0.5 25 15 15 0.4 0.5 0.5 1,005 570 435 1.2 1.3 1.1
25. Library science 120 0 115 0.1 0.0 0.3 15 0 15 0.2 0.0 0.5 60 0 60 0.1 0.0 0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics 60 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 110 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 12,445 11,580 865 15.2 27.9 2.1 900 845 60 14.6 27.3 2.0 17,145 15,100 2,040 20.3 34.2 5.1
04. Architecture and related services 120 80 35 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
14. Engineering 775 615 160 0.9 1.5 0.4 60 35 20 1.0 1.1 0.7 2,670 2,095 580 3.2 4.7 1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,895 2,555 340 3.5 6.2 0.8 205 180 25 3.3 5.8 0.8 4,720 3,885 835 5.6 8.8 2.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 3,325 3,180 150 4.1 7.7 0.4 220 215 0 3.6 6.9 0.0 3,710 3,445 260 4.4 7.8 0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 3,355 3,220 135 4.1 7.8 0.3 280 280 0 4.6 9.0 0.0 4,205 4,000 210 5.0 9.0 0.5
48. Precision production 1,975 1,925 45 2.4 4.6 0.1 135 130 0 2.2 4.2 0.0 1,710 1,610 95 2.0 3.6 0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2,200 1,305 900 2.7 3.1 2.2 175 105 70 2.8 3.4 2.3 1,155 615 545 1.4 1.4 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 1,580 885 695 1.9 2.1 1.7 35 10 25 0.6 0.3 0.8 495 225 275 0.6 0.5 0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation 625 420 205 0.8 1.0 0.5 145 95 50 2.4 3.1 1.6 660 385 275 0.8 0.9 0.7
Health and related fields 5,995 740 5,255 7.3 1.8 13.0 405 70 340 6.6 2.3 11.1 5,435 920 4,515 6.4 2.1 11.2
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 215 90 120 0.3 0.2 0.3 30 15 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 290 160 135 0.3 0.4 0.3
51. Health professions and related programs178 5,690 610 5,085 6.9 1.5 12.5 375 50 325 6.1 1.6 10.7 5,065 725 4,345 6.0 1.6 10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,960 1,300 1,655 3.6 3.1 4.1 195 95 100 3.2 3.1 3.3 3,590 2,215 1,370 4.2 5.0 3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,810 355 1,450 2.2 0.9 3.6 115 20 90 1.9 0.6 3.0 1,270 255 1,020 1.5 0.6 2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 55 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 395 240 160 0.5 0.6 0.4 25 20 0 0.4 0.6 0.0 690 465 230 0.8 1.1 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 750 700 50 0.9 1.7 0.1 55 55 0 0.9 1.8 0.0 1,545 1,425 130 1.8 3.2 0.3
Other179 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 52,510 26,345 26,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,925 1,920 2,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,195 33,870 31,320 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 23,390 12,260 11,130 44.5 46.5 42.5 1,600 810 785 40.8 42.2 39.2 24,620 12,755 11,865 37.8 37.7 37.9
Education 2,340 470 1,875 4.5 1.8 7.2 260 55 205 6.6 2.9 10.2 2,490 470 2,020 3.8 1.4 6.4
13. Education 2,340 470 1,875 4.5 1.8 7.2 260 55 205 6.6 2.9 10.2 2,490 470 2,020 3.8 1.4 6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 450 175 275 0.9 0.7 1.1 15 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.7 565 180 380 0.9 0.5 1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 50 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 65 20 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 400 150 250 0.8 0.6 1.0 10 0 15 0.3 0.0 0.7 470 115 360 0.7 0.3 1.1
Humanities 545 180 370 1.0 0.7 1.4 60 30 35 1.5 1.6 1.7 1,075 400 670 1.6 1.2 2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 45 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 0 80 0.1 0.0 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 75 15 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5 230 70 160 0.4 0.2 0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 175 30 145 0.3 0.1 0.6 10 10 0 0.3 0.5 0.0 335 95 235 0.5 0.3 0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 120 70 55 0.2 0.3 0.2 20 10 10 0.5 0.5 0.5 170 105 65 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,880 370 1,510 3.6 1.4 5.8 165 10 150 4.2 0.5 7.5 2,690 595 2,095 4.1 1.8 6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 45 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 155 65 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5 280 95 180 0.4 0.3 0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 715 15 705 1.4 0.1 2.7 70 0 70 1.8 0.0 3.5 760 30 725 1.2 0.1 2.3
22. Legal professions and studies 295 50 250 0.6 0.2 1.0 20 0 15 0.5 0.0 0.7 300 65 240 0.5 0.2 0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 40 20 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 50 0.1 0.0 0.2
42. Psychology 270 65 215 0.5 0.2 0.8 40 0 40 1.0 0.0 2.0 470 55 415 0.7 0.2 1.3
45. Social sciences 355 145 210 0.7 0.6 0.8 15 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.7 775 330 450 1.2 1.0 1.4
Business, management and public administration 5,165 1,210 3,955 9.8 4.6 15.1 450 125 325 11.5 6.5 16.2 7,615 1,895 5,720 11.7 5.6 18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 500 95 400 1.0 0.4 1.5 75 10 65 1.9 0.5 3.2 625 115 510 1.0 0.3 1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 4,645 1,115 3,530 8.8 4.2 13.5 375 115 255 9.6 6.0 12.7 6,985 1,785 5,200 10.7 5.3 16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies 535 255 280 1.0 1.0 1.1 40 15 25 1.0 0.8 1.2 1,010 440 570 1.5 1.3 1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 200 85 115 0.4 0.3 0.4 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.5 295 70 230 0.5 0.2 0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 155 75 80 0.3 0.3 0.3 15 10 0 0.4 0.5 0.0 250 90 165 0.4 0.3 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 80 65 20 0.2 0.2 0.1 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 355 220 135 0.5 0.6 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 90 35 55 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 55 30 0.1 0.2 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 555 290 265 1.1 1.1 1.0 40 15 30 1.0 0.8 1.5 1,105 590 515 1.7 1.7 1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 450 275 175 0.9 1.0 0.7 25 10 10 0.6 0.5 0.5 950 535 420 1.5 1.6 1.3
25. Library science 70 0 65 0.1 0.0 0.2 20 0 20 0.5 0.0 1.0 60 0 55 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 30 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 9,435 8,665 770 18.0 32.9 2.9 685 635 50 17.5 33.1 2.5 15,095 13,200 1,900 23.2 39.0 6.1
04. Architecture and related services 85 55 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 60 0.2 0.2 0.2
14. Engineering 665 510 155 1.3 1.9 0.6 50 30 20 1.3 1.6 1.0 2,450 1,910 540 3.8 5.6 1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,355 2,050 305 4.5 7.8 1.2 190 170 20 4.8 8.9 1.0 4,180 3,390 790 6.4 10.0 2.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 2,535 2,405 135 4.8 9.1 0.5 155 155 0 3.9 8.1 0.0 3,220 2,995 220 4.9 8.8 0.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2,330 2,225 105 4.4 8.4 0.4 215 215 0 5.5 11.2 0.0 3,685 3,490 195 5.7 10.3 0.6
48. Precision production 1,465 1,425 40 2.8 5.4 0.2 75 70 0 1.9 3.6 0.0 1,455 1,360 95 2.2 4.0 0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,615 875 740 3.1 3.3 2.8 140 80 60 3.6 4.2 3.0 1,020 525 500 1.6 1.6 1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 1,130 545 585 2.2 2.1 2.2 30 10 20 0.8 0.5 1.0 420 180 240 0.6 0.5 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 485 325 160 0.9 1.2 0.6 115 70 40 2.9 3.6 2.0 600 340 255 0.9 1.0 0.8
Health and related fields 4,390 610 3,775 8.4 2.3 14.4 335 60 270 8.5 3.1 13.5 4,775 835 3,940 7.3 2.5 12.6
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 130 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.3 30 20 20 0.8 1.0 1.0 255 140 120 0.4 0.4 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 4,185 530 3,655 8.0 2.0 14.0 300 45 255 7.6 2.3 12.7 4,455 675 3,785 6.8 2.0 12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 70 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,195 970 1,220 4.2 3.7 4.7 130 80 50 3.3 4.2 2.5 3,115 1,975 1,135 4.8 5.8 3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,265 215 1,050 2.4 0.8 4.0 65 15 50 1.7 0.8 2.5 1,040 215 820 1.6 0.6 2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 40 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 325 195 130 0.6 0.7 0.5 20 15 0 0.5 0.8 0.0 620 415 210 1.0 1.2 0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving 600 560 40 1.1 2.1 0.2 40 40 0 1.0 2.1 0.0 1,390 1,280 110 2.1 3.8 0.4
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 52,510 26,345 26,170 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,925 1,920 2,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,195 33,870 31,320 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 23,390 12,260 11,130 44.5 46.5 42.5 1,600 810 785 40.8 42.2 39.2 24,620 12,755 11,865 37.8 37.7 37.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 29,115 14,080 15,040 55.4 53.4 57.5 2,325 1,105 1,225 59.2 57.6 61.1 40,575 21,115 19,460 62.2 62.3 62.1
Location of study inside Canada 26,455 12,950 13,505 50.4 49.2 51.6 2,045 990 1,050 52.1 51.6 52.4 33,135 17,770 15,365 50.8 52.5 49.1
Same as province or territory of residence 20,950 10,490 10,455 39.9 39.8 40.0 1,745 860 885 44.5 44.8 44.1 18,375 10,240 8,135 28.2 30.2 26.0
Different than province or territory of residence 5,505 2,460 3,040 10.5 9.3 11.6 300 130 165 7.6 6.8 8.2 14,760 7,530 7,235 22.6 22.2 23.1
Location of study outside Canada182 2,670 1,130 1,540 5.1 4.3 5.9 285 115 165 7.3 6.0 8.2 7,435 3,345 4,090 11.4 9.9 13.1
Americas 440 175 265 0.8 0.7 1.0 35 30 10 0.9 1.6 0.5 855 415 440 1.3 1.2 1.4
United States of America 290 130 155 0.6 0.5 0.6 35 30 10 0.9 1.6 0.5 485 265 220 0.7 0.8 0.7
Mexico 60 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuba 25 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.2
Other locations of study in Americas 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 55 0.1 0.1 0.2
Europe 400 185 215 0.8 0.7 0.8 15 10 0 0.4 0.5 0.0 795 425 365 1.2 1.3 1.2
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Germany 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 20 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Romania 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ukraine 70 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ireland96 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
United Kingdom87 125 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 190 125 0.5 0.6 0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.2
Africa 215 110 105 0.4 0.4 0.4 35 20 20 0.9 1.0 1.0 875 480 395 1.3 1.4 1.3
Nigeria 20 20 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 100 0.3 0.3 0.3
Algeria 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 35 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 120 50 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 20 20 0.9 1.0 1.0 180 100 80 0.3 0.3 0.3
Other locations of study in Africa 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 205 165 0.6 0.6 0.5
Asia 1,545 625 925 2.9 2.4 3.5 195 60 135 5.0 3.1 6.7 4,835 1,995 2,840 7.4 5.9 9.1
Iran88 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 15 50 0.1 0.0 0.2
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 70 85 0.2 0.2 0.3
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Philippines 970 345 625 1.8 1.3 2.4 150 40 110 3.8 2.1 5.5 2,855 1,055 1,800 4.4 3.1 5.7
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.1 0.0 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
India 345 180 165 0.7 0.7 0.6 15 10 10 0.4 0.5 0.5 1,140 585 555 1.7 1.7 1.8
Pakistan 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 145 140 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other locations of study in Asia 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 20 80 0.2 0.1 0.3
Oceania 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.2
Australia 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
New Zealand 25 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 82,025 41,460 40,565 ... ... ... 6,150 3,100 3,050 ... ... ... 84,500 44,215 40,285 ... ... ...
In the labour force 53,275 28,870 24,410 ... ... ... 4,005 2,135 1,870 ... ... ... 62,395 35,210 27,185 ... ... ...
Employed 48,290 25,985 22,300 ... ... ... 3,570 1,875 1,695 ... ... ... 56,470 32,255 24,210 ... ... ...
Unemployed 4,985 2,880 2,105 ... ... ... 435 260 175 ... ... ... 5,930 2,950 2,975 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 28,750 12,590 16,160 ... ... ... 2,145 965 1,180 ... ... ... 22,105 9,000 13,105 ... ... ...
Participation rate 64.9 69.6 60.2 64.9 69.6 60.2 65.1 68.9 61.3 65.1 68.9 61.3 73.8 79.6 67.5 73.8 79.6 67.5
Employment rate 58.9 62.7 55.0 58.9 62.7 55.0 58.0 60.5 55.6 58.0 60.5 55.6 66.8 73.0 60.1 66.8 73.0 60.1
Unemployment rate 9.4 10.0 8.6 9.4 10.0 8.6 10.9 12.2 9.4 10.9 12.2 9.4 9.5 8.4 10.9 9.5 8.4 10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 82,025 41,455 40,570 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,150 3,100 3,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 84,500 44,215 40,285 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 29,825 13,350 16,475 36.4 32.2 40.6 2,090 960 1,135 34.0 31.0 37.2 23,630 9,885 13,745 28.0 22.4 34.1
Worked 52,200 28,105 24,095 63.6 67.8 59.4 4,060 2,140 1,920 66.0 69.0 63.0 60,865 34,325 26,540 72.0 77.6 65.9
Worked full year full time187 27,005 15,830 11,180 32.9 38.2 27.6 2,120 1,155 970 34.5 37.3 31.8 33,980 20,835 13,140 40.2 47.1 32.6
Worked part year and/or part time188 25,195 12,280 12,915 30.7 29.6 31.8 1,940 990 955 31.5 31.9 31.3 26,895 13,490 13,400 31.8 30.5 33.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.0 41.4 40.6 41.0 41.4 40.6 40.8 40.3 41.2 40.8 40.3 41.2 41.1 42.1 39.8 41.1 42.1 39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 53,275 28,865 24,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,005 2,135 1,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 62,395 35,210 27,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 1,440 790 650 2.7 2.7 2.7 95 45 55 2.4 2.1 2.9 1,465 675 785 2.3 1.9 2.9
All classes of workers191 51,830 28,075 23,755 97.3 97.3 97.3 3,910 2,095 1,815 97.6 98.1 96.8 60,930 34,535 26,400 97.7 98.1 97.1
Employee 40,565 20,785 19,785 76.1 72.0 81.1 3,070 1,550 1,520 76.7 72.6 81.1 55,970 31,690 24,280 89.7 90.0 89.3
Permanent position 33,430 17,280 16,155 62.7 59.9 66.2 2,450 1,175 1,275 61.2 55.0 68.0 47,710 27,710 19,995 76.5 78.7 73.6
Temporary position 7,135 3,510 3,630 13.4 12.2 14.9 620 370 245 15.5 17.3 13.1 8,255 3,975 4,285 13.2 11.3 15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more) 1,870 775 1,095 3.5 2.7 4.5 140 70 75 3.5 3.3 4.0 2,940 1,525 1,410 4.7 4.3 5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 5,270 2,735 2,540 9.9 9.5 10.4 475 305 175 11.9 14.3 9.3 5,320 2,450 2,870 8.5 7.0 10.6
Self-employed192 11,265 7,290 3,975 21.1 25.3 16.3 835 540 300 20.8 25.3 16.0 4,965 2,845 2,115 8.0 8.1 7.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 53,275 28,865 24,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,005 2,135 1,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 62,395 35,210 27,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 1,440 790 650 2.7 2.7 2.7 95 45 55 2.4 2.1 2.9 1,465 675 785 2.3 1.9 2.9
All occupations191 51,830 28,075 23,755 97.3 97.3 97.3 3,910 2,095 1,815 97.6 98.1 96.8 60,930 34,535 26,400 97.7 98.1 97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 355 195 160 0.7 0.7 0.7 35 20 15 0.9 0.9 0.8 340 200 135 0.5 0.6 0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 7,145 1,480 5,665 13.4 5.1 23.2 560 95 470 14.0 4.4 25.1 7,990 1,765 6,225 12.8 5.0 22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 2,000 1,525 470 3.8 5.3 1.9 155 125 35 3.9 5.9 1.9 4,555 3,550 1,000 7.3 10.1 3.7
3 Health occupations 3,640 540 3,100 6.8 1.9 12.7 275 50 225 6.9 2.3 12.0 2,795 335 2,460 4.5 1.0 9.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 5,225 1,280 3,940 9.8 4.4 16.1 450 125 325 11.2 5.9 17.3 7,070 2,435 4,640 11.3 6.9 17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 750 290 460 1.4 1.0 1.9 55 0 45 1.4 0.0 2.4 650 195 455 1.0 0.6 1.7
6 Sales and service occupations 11,230 4,280 6,950 21.1 14.8 28.5 850 305 545 21.2 14.3 29.1 12,915 4,780 8,135 20.7 13.6 29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 12,080 11,000 1,080 22.7 38.1 4.4 975 935 45 24.3 43.8 2.4 17,685 15,490 2,195 28.3 44.0 8.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 7,250 5,535 1,710 13.6 19.2 7.0 345 240 100 8.6 11.2 5.3 3,395 2,675 725 5.4 7.6 2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 2,160 1,940 220 4.1 6.7 0.9 205 185 20 5.1 8.7 1.1 3,525 3,100 420 5.6 8.8 1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 53,275 28,865 24,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,005 2,135 1,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 62,395 35,210 27,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 1,440 790 650 2.7 2.7 2.7 95 45 55 2.4 2.1 2.9 1,465 675 785 2.3 1.9 2.9
All industries191 51,830 28,075 23,755 97.3 97.3 97.3 3,910 2,095 1,815 97.6 98.1 96.8 60,930 34,535 26,400 97.7 98.1 97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 5,695 3,905 1,790 10.7 13.5 7.3 365 260 100 9.1 12.2 5.3 935 580 360 1.5 1.6 1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 5,235 4,450 780 9.8 15.4 3.2 230 205 30 5.7 9.6 1.6 15,070 12,035 3,030 24.2 34.2 11.1
22 Utilities 420 310 110 0.8 1.1 0.5 35 30 0 0.9 1.4 0.0 360 295 70 0.6 0.8 0.3
23 Construction 4,350 3,750 610 8.2 13.0 2.5 345 290 50 8.6 13.6 2.7 5,070 4,100 970 8.1 11.6 3.6
31-33 Manufacturing 2,185 1,695 485 4.1 5.9 2.0 145 105 35 3.6 4.9 1.9 1,170 915 260 1.9 2.6 1.0
41 Wholesale trade 1,505 1,140 365 2.8 3.9 1.5 75 55 25 1.9 2.6 1.3 1,455 1,035 415 2.3 2.9 1.5
44-45 Retail trade 5,635 2,430 3,205 10.6 8.4 13.1 440 195 240 11.0 9.1 12.8 5,575 2,195 3,375 8.9 6.2 12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 2,450 1,815 640 4.6 6.3 2.6 295 235 55 7.4 11.0 2.9 2,985 2,170 815 4.8 6.2 3.0
51 Information and cultural industries 415 180 235 0.8 0.6 1.0 15 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.8 295 140 160 0.5 0.4 0.6
52 Finance and insurance 1,155 335 815 2.2 1.2 3.3 55 10 50 1.4 0.5 2.7 815 210 605 1.3 0.6 2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 525 245 280 1.0 0.8 1.1 70 40 25 1.7 1.9 1.3 1,145 630 520 1.8 1.8 1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 2,000 950 1,055 3.8 3.3 4.3 130 55 70 3.2 2.6 3.7 2,170 1,135 1,035 3.5 3.2 3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises 70 45 30 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 1,540 805 740 2.9 2.8 3.0 130 70 60 3.2 3.3 3.2 3,405 1,770 1,630 5.5 5.0 6.0
61 Educational services 3,990 900 3,095 7.5 3.1 12.7 385 95 295 9.6 4.4 15.7 3,770 745 3,025 6.0 2.1 11.1
62 Health care and social assistance 6,010 805 5,205 11.3 2.8 21.3 490 80 410 12.2 3.7 21.9 4,890 505 4,385 7.8 1.4 16.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 725 330 395 1.4 1.1 1.6 75 50 20 1.9 2.3 1.1 865 365 500 1.4 1.0 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 2,495 1,050 1,440 4.7 3.6 5.9 180 85 90 4.5 4.0 4.8 2,960 1,175 1,785 4.7 3.3 6.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 2,865 1,670 1,195 5.4 5.8 4.9 215 115 95 5.4 5.4 5.1 2,530 1,320 1,210 4.1 3.7 4.5
91 Public administration 2,560 1,265 1,290 4.8 4.4 5.3 265 115 145 6.6 5.4 7.7 5,380 3,180 2,195 8.6 9.0 8.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 56,865 30,540 26,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,315 2,290 2,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,805 36,705 29,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 55,410 29,810 25,600 97.4 97.6 97.2 4,205 2,255 1,955 97.5 98.5 96.5 63,920 35,875 28,045 97.1 97.7 96.4
French 145 50 100 0.3 0.2 0.4 30 0 20 0.7 0.0 1.0 165 35 135 0.3 0.1 0.5
Non-official language 225 165 60 0.4 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Non-Indigenous 215 160 50 0.4 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 510 175 325 0.9 0.6 1.2 45 15 35 1.0 0.7 1.7 785 380 410 1.2 1.0 1.4
English and non-official language(s) 565 330 235 1.0 1.1 0.9 35 25 10 0.8 1.1 0.5 845 360 480 1.3 1.0 1.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 56,865 30,540 26,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,315 2,290 2,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,805 36,705 29,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 56,710 30,480 26,235 99.7 99.8 99.7 4,295 2,280 2,015 99.5 99.6 99.5 65,575 36,615 28,965 99.7 99.8 99.5
Official languages 56,350 30,220 26,130 99.1 99.0 99.3 4,295 2,280 2,015 99.5 99.6 99.5 65,395 36,515 28,875 99.4 99.5 99.2
English 56,125 30,140 25,985 98.7 98.7 98.7 4,265 2,275 1,990 98.8 99.3 98.3 65,180 36,480 28,700 99.1 99.4 98.6
French 225 80 140 0.4 0.3 0.5 30 0 20 0.7 0.0 1.0 215 35 175 0.3 0.1 0.6
Non-official languages 365 260 105 0.6 0.9 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 95 85 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indigenous languages39 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.2
Algonquian languages 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cree, n.o.s. 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 325 245 80 0.6 0.8 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 70 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 305 245 65 0.5 0.8 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 260 215 45 0.5 0.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 155 120 30 0.3 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 155 120 30 0.3 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 110 95 15 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 45 35 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 65 60 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 30 15 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 30 15 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 150 65 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 20 10 10 0.5 0.4 0.5 230 85 140 0.3 0.2 0.5
English and French 40 0 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5 95 25 65 0.1 0.1 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 110 60 50 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 135 60 70 0.2 0.2 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 56,865 30,540 26,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,315 2,290 2,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 65,805 36,705 29,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 55,940 30,095 25,845 98.4 98.5 98.2 4,250 2,265 1,990 98.5 98.9 98.3 64,380 36,040 28,340 97.8 98.2 97.4
English 215 120 95 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 55 95 0.2 0.1 0.3
French 390 145 245 0.7 0.5 0.9 35 15 25 0.8 0.7 1.2 645 350 295 1.0 1.0 1.0
Non-official language 315 175 140 0.6 0.6 0.5 30 15 10 0.7 0.7 0.5 575 225 355 0.9 0.6 1.2
Indigenous39 135 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 65 150 0.3 0.2 0.5
Non-Indigenous 185 110 70 0.3 0.4 0.3 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5 360 160 200 0.5 0.4 0.7
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.1 0.1 0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 48,290 25,985 22,305 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,570 1,875 1,695 100.0 100.0 100.0 56,465 32,255 24,210 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 8,390 4,285 4,110 17.4 16.5 18.4 530 240 290 14.8 12.8 17.1 6,505 2,675 3,835 11.5 8.3 15.8
Worked outside Canada 35 30 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0
No fixed workplace address 8,365 6,655 1,710 17.3 25.6 7.7 570 485 85 16.0 25.9 5.0 11,630 8,745 2,890 20.6 27.1 11.9
Usual place of work 31,500 15,020 16,485 65.2 57.8 73.9 2,470 1,155 1,320 69.2 61.6 77.9 38,290 20,815 17,480 67.8 64.5 72.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 31,500 15,020 16,480 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,470 1,150 1,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 38,290 20,820 17,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 14,765 6,645 8,120 46.9 44.2 49.3 2,115 920 1,195 85.6 80.0 90.5 33,415 18,285 15,135 87.3 87.8 86.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 10,655 4,835 5,815 33.8 32.2 35.3 70 35 35 2.8 3.0 2.7 3,885 1,890 1,995 10.1 9.1 11.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 3,770 2,300 1,465 12.0 15.3 8.9 285 185 100 11.5 16.1 7.6 810 550 255 2.1 2.6 1.5
Commute to a different province or territory 2,315 1,240 1,075 7.3 8.3 6.5 10 10 0 0.4 0.9 0.0 185 90 90 0.5 0.4 0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 39,860 21,670 18,190 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,045 1,635 1,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,925 29,560 20,360 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 36,915 20,275 16,635 92.6 93.6 91.5 2,870 1,540 1,330 94.3 94.2 94.7 37,935 21,620 16,320 76.0 73.1 80.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver 34,855 19,340 15,515 87.4 89.2 85.3 2,735 1,475 1,255 89.8 90.2 89.3 34,745 19,990 14,755 69.6 67.6 72.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 2,060 935 1,120 5.2 4.3 6.2 135 65 75 4.4 4.0 5.3 3,190 1,625 1,560 6.4 5.5 7.7
Public transit 270 210 60 0.7 1.0 0.3 50 45 10 1.6 2.8 0.7 9,445 6,855 2,590 18.9 23.2 12.7
Walked 1,830 745 1,090 4.6 3.4 6.0 70 20 45 2.3 1.2 3.2 1,605 600 1,005 3.2 2.0 4.9
Bicycle 150 110 45 0.4 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 100 40 0.3 0.3 0.2
Other method 690 330 360 1.7 1.5 2.0 50 30 20 1.6 1.8 1.4 795 390 405 1.6 1.3 2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 39,860 21,670 18,190 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,045 1,635 1,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,925 29,560 20,360 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 19,925 9,440 10,480 50.0 43.6 57.6 1,555 715 840 51.1 43.7 59.8 16,555 7,060 9,490 33.2 23.9 46.6
15 to 29 minutes 9,090 4,770 4,325 22.8 22.0 23.8 790 440 350 25.9 26.9 24.9 13,080 7,190 5,885 26.2 24.3 28.9
30 to 44 minutes 5,210 3,235 1,975 13.1 14.9 10.9 270 130 140 8.9 8.0 10.0 9,125 6,685 2,440 18.3 22.6 12.0
45 to 59 minutes 2,425 1,670 760 6.1 7.7 4.2 95 60 30 3.1 3.7 2.1 5,215 3,890 1,320 10.4 13.2 6.5
60 minutes and over 3,205 2,560 645 8.0 11.8 3.5 335 290 45 11.0 17.7 3.2 5,955 4,730 1,225 11.9 16.0 6.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 39,860 21,670 18,190 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,045 1,635 1,405 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,925 29,560 20,360 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 3,610 2,965 650 9.1 13.7 3.6 125 110 15 4.1 6.7 1.1 6,650 5,460 1,190 13.3 18.5 5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 7,315 5,045 2,265 18.4 23.3 12.5 395 295 100 13.0 18.0 7.1 13,805 9,925 3,880 27.7 33.6 19.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 11,845 6,440 5,405 29.7 29.7 29.7 960 535 430 31.5 32.7 30.6 10,705 5,290 5,410 21.4 17.9 26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 8,600 3,185 5,410 21.6 14.7 29.7 885 375 505 29.1 22.9 35.9 7,820 2,905 4,915 15.7 9.8 24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 3,540 1,330 2,205 8.9 6.1 12.1 335 150 180 11.0 9.2 12.8 3,260 1,205 2,050 6.5 4.1 10.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 4,950 2,705 2,250 12.4 12.5 12.4 340 165 180 11.2 10.1 12.8 7,680 4,765 2,915 15.4 16.1 14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 25,275 13,030 12,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,780 910 870 100.0 100.0 100.0 29,615 15,185 14,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2,035 1,040 995 8.1 8.0 8.1 280 130 145 15.7 14.3 16.7 2,765 1,375 1,390 9.3 9.1 9.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 23,245 11,990 11,255 92.0 92.0 91.9 1,495 780 715 84.0 85.7 82.2 26,850 13,810 13,040 90.7 90.9 90.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 18,670 9,640 9,030 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,300 670 630 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,615 10,595 10,025 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,555 780 770 8.3 8.1 8.5 205 105 105 15.8 15.7 16.7 1,930 965 970 9.4 9.1 9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 725 340 380 3.9 3.5 4.2 160 85 80 12.3 12.7 12.7 1,080 525 550 5.2 5.0 5.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 830 435 390 4.4 4.5 4.3 45 20 25 3.5 3.0 4.0 855 440 415 4.1 4.2 4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 17,115 8,860 8,260 91.7 91.9 91.5 1,095 560 535 84.2 83.6 84.9 18,685 9,630 9,055 90.6 90.9 90.3

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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