Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Hastings, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	145,746
Population, 2016¹	136,445
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8
Total private dwellings²	68,518
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	61,141
Population density per square kilometre	24.2
Land area in square kilometres	6,013.35
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	145,745
0 to 14 years	21,830
0 to 4 years	6,700
5 to 9 years	7,400
10 to 14 years	7,730
15 to 64 years	88,805
15 to 19 years	7,195
20 to 24 years	7,105
25 to 29 years	8,190
30 to 34 years	8,575
35 to 39 years	8,220
40 to 44 years	7,925
45 to 49 years	7,845
50 to 54 years	8,860
55 to 59 years	12,220
60 to 64 years	12,670
65 years and over	35,115
65 to 69 years	10,920
70 to 74 years	9,490
75 to 79 years	6,265
80 to 84 years	4,225
85 years and over	4,215
85 to 89 years	2,595
90 to 94 years	1,200
95 to 99 years	370
100 years and over	50
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0
15 to 64 years	60.9
65 years and over	24.1
85 years and over	2.9
Average age of the population	45.1
Median age of the population	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	61,145
Single-detached house	44,870
Semi-detached house	1,880
Row house	2,465
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,220
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,340
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,640
Other single-attached house	215
Movable dwelling⁴	515
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	61,140
1 person	17,110
2 persons	24,135
3 persons	8,680
4 persons	6,815
5 or more persons	4,400
Number of persons in private households	143,200
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,915
Married or living common-law	72,395
Married	57,080
Living common-law	15,310
Living common law - Never married	9,810
Living common law - Separated	1,100
Living common law - Divorced	3,865
Living common law - Widowed	530
Not married and not living common-law	51,525
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,740
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,070
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,655
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,065
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	42,850
2 persons	25,325
3 persons	8,320
4 persons	6,240
5 or more persons	2,960
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	42,850
Total couple families	35,595
Married couples	27,945
With children⁶	11,680
Without children	16,265
Common-law couples	7,655
With children⁶	3,165
Without children	4,490
Total one-parent families	7,255
in which the parent is a woman+	5,500
in which the parent is a man+	1,755
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	143,200
Total - Persons in census families	116,615
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,190
Parents in one-parent families	7,255
Children⁶	38,170
In a two-parent family	27,125
In a one-parent family	11,050
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,585
Living alone	17,110
Living with other relatives⁷	3,425
Living with non-relatives only	6,050
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	61,140
One-census-family households without additional persons	37,320
Couple-family households	32,020
With children⁶	13,195
Without children	18,820
One-parent-family households	5,305
Multigenerational households⁸	1,765
Multiple-census-family households⁹	340
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,135
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,475
One-person households	17,110
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	121,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,295
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,335
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,965
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,990
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,660
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,255
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,195
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	121,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,515
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,540
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,970
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,985
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,725
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,260
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,020
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	121,385
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,450
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,200
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	121,390
Without total income	4,100
With total income	117,290
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,530
$10,000 to $19,999	16,830
$20,000 to $29,999	19,995
$30,000 to $39,999	15,775
$40,000 to $49,999	14,315
$50,000 to $59,999	11,520
$60,000 to $69,999	8,590
$70,000 to $79,999	6,500
$80,000 to $89,999	4,260
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910
$100,000 and over	8,075
$100,000 to $149,999	6,135
$150,000 and over	1,940
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	121,390
Without after-tax income	4,060
With after-tax income	117,335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,020
$10,000 to $19,999	17,435
$20,000 to $29,999	22,425
$30,000 to $39,999	18,755
$40,000 to $49,999	16,365
$50,000 to $59,999	11,695
$60,000 to $69,999	7,935
$70,000 to $79,999	4,900
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920
$100,000 and over	3,530
$100,000 to $124,999	2,030
$125,000 and over	1,495
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	121,390
Without employment income	44,405
With employment income	76,990
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,845
$5,000 to $9,999	5,860
$10,000 to $19,999	9,095
$20,000 to $29,999	7,415
$30,000 to $39,999	7,870
$40,000 to $49,999	7,585
$50,000 to $59,999	6,665
$60,000 to $69,999	5,105
$70,000 to $79,999	4,030
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060
$100,000 and over	5,675
$100,000 to $124,999	3,330
$125,000 and over	2,345
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	121,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,780
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,845
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,645
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,950
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,795
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,890
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	121,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,900
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,955
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,640
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,820
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,765
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,100
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	121,385
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,250
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,630
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6
Employment income (%)	64.2
Government transfers (%)	18.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	61,140
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,110
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,035
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	61,145
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,105
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,035
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,300
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	61,140
Under $5,000	430
$5,000 to $9,999	260
$10,000 to $14,999	815
$15,000 to $19,999	1,430
$20,000 to $24,999	2,650
$25,000 to $29,999	2,475
$30,000 to $34,999	2,160
$35,000 to $39,999	2,650
$40,000 to $44,999	2,730
$45,000 to $49,999	2,560
$50,000 to $59,999	5,140
$60,000 to $69,999	4,975
$70,000 to $79,999	4,585
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155
$90,000 to $99,999	3,750
$100,000 and over	20,360
$100,000 to $124,999	7,340
$125,000 to $149,999	4,800
$150,000 to $199,999	4,990
$200,000 and over	3,235
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	61,140
Under $5,000	470
$5,000 to $9,999	285
$10,000 to $14,999	825
$15,000 to $19,999	1,475
$20,000 to $24,999	2,775
$25,000 to $29,999	2,765
$30,000 to $34,999	2,535
$35,000 to $39,999	3,000
$40,000 to $44,999	3,175
$45,000 to $49,999	3,025
$50,000 to $59,999	6,090
$60,000 to $69,999	5,595
$70,000 to $79,999	5,210
$80,000 to $89,999	4,560
$90,000 to $99,999	3,855
$100,000 and over	15,505
$100,000 to $124,999	6,900
$125,000 to $149,999	3,930
$150,000 and over	4,680
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	42,205
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,130
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,135
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,555
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,160
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	42,225
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,050
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,150
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,560
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,925
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	143,200
0 to 17 years	26,190
0 to 5 years	8,165
18 to 64 years	83,685
65 years and over	33,330
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,875
0 to 17 years	3,290
0 to 5 years	1,115
18 to 64 years	9,075
65 years and over	4,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.6
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9
65 years and over (%)	13.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	140,665
0 to 17 years	25,720
0 to 5 years	8,005
18 to 64 years	82,175
65 years and over	32,765
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,020
0 to 17 years	695
0 to 5 years	195
18 to 64 years	3,905
65 years and over	415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	143,200
In bottom half of the distribution	81,065
In bottom decile	15,120
In second decile	17,090
In third decile	16,825
In fourth decile	16,250
In fifth decile	15,780
In top half of the distribution	62,135
In sixth decile	15,325
In seventh decile	14,245
In eighth decile	12,970
In ninth decile	11,570
In top decile	8,025
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	143,200
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	144,125
English only	134,590
French only	180
English and French	8,950
Neither English nor French	405
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	144,125
English	140,690
French	2,860
English and French	205
Neither English nor French	370
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	144,125
Single responses	142,140
Official languages	134,625
English	131,700
French	2,930
Non-official languages	7,515
Indigenous languages³⁹	35
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	20
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	20
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	245
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	240
Amharic	15
Arabic	190
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	375
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	350
Kannada	10
Malayalam	180
Tamil	140
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,115
Albanian	5
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	775
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	30
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	740
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	65
Macedonian	25
Polish	310
Russian	135
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	75
Bosnian	5
Croatian	25
Serbian	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,630
Frisian	25
High German languages	870
German	815
Pennsylvania German	35
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	660
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	595
Low German, n.o.s.	25
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	70
Danish	50
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	200
Indo-Iranian languages	1,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,215
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	420
Hindi	120
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	10
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	195
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	65
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	50
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,205
Catalan	0
Italian	335
Portuguese	280
Romanian	60
Spanish	525
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	225
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	45
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	125
American Sign Language	110
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	545
Chinese languages	505
Hakka	0
Mandarin	285
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	200
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	5
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	215
Estonian	25
Finnish	70
Hungarian	125
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,990
English and French	675
English and non-official language(s)	1,100
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	135
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	144,125
English	134,650
French	1,030
Non-official language	1,565
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	1,560
English and French	1,555
English and non-official language(s)	4,910
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	270
Multiple non-official languages	125
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	144,125
Single responses	142,820
Official languages	139,710
English	138,365
French	1,345
Non-official languages	3,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	10
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	10
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	95
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	95
Amharic	0
Arabic	90
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	90
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	160
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	225
Kannada	0
Malayalam	110
Tamil	105
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,815
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	215
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	215
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	5
Polish	100
Russian	65
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	295
Frisian	0
High German languages	225
German	220
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	25
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	65
Indo-Iranian languages	840
Indo-Aryan languages	810
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	300
Hindi	85
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	115
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	25
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400
Catalan	0
Italian	60
Portuguese	85
Romanian	20
Spanish	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	150
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	180
American Sign Language	165
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	315
Chinese languages	285
Hakka	0
Mandarin	165
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,305
English and French	285
English and non-official language(s)	965
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	30
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	144,130
None	138,300
English	1,465
French	1,045
Non-official language	2,585
Indigenous³⁹	140
Non-Indigenous	2,445
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	255
French and non-official language(s)	145
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	310
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	143,200
Official languages	142,810
English	142,630
French	9,080
Non-official languages	11,460
Indigenous languages³⁹	440
Algonquian languages	35
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	20
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	395
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	395
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,040
Afro-Asiatic languages	405
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	405
Amharic	40
Arabic	275
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	40
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	620
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	35
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	585
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50
Creole languages	65
Haitian Creole	30
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	485
Kannada	35
Malayalam	315
Tamil	175
Telugu	45
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	7,540
Albanian	0
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,010
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	135
Macedonian	45
Polish	345
Russian	335
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	95
Bosnian	0
Croatian	50
Serbian	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	45
Ukrainian	130
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,270
Frisian	70
High German languages	1,410
German	1,385
Pennsylvania German	15
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	810
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	750
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	90
Danish	55
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	20
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	315
Indo-Iranian languages	1,750
Indo-Aryan languages	1,665
Assamese	0
Bengali	30
Gujarati	560
Hindi	980
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	25
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35
Urdu	215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	105
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	100
Dari	40
Iranian Persian	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,350
Catalan	0
Italian	550
Portuguese	360
Romanian	135
Spanish	1,460
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	125
Korean	260
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	75
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	690
American Sign Language	610
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	665
Chinese languages	610
Hakka	0
Mandarin	345
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	340
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	50
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	50
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	300
Estonian	35
Finnish	105
Hungarian	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,200
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,640
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,200
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,010
Métis	3,090
Inuk (Inuit)	95
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	285
Non-Indigenous identity	132,560
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,200
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,590
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	138,610
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	61,140
Owner	44,235
Renter	16,665
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	240
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	61,140
Condominium	2,325
Not condominium	58,815
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	61,140
No bedrooms	235
1 bedroom	6,035
2 bedrooms	15,080
3 bedrooms	23,470
4 or more bedrooms	16,320
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	61,140
1 to 4 rooms	12,540
5 rooms	9,000
6 rooms	9,470
7 rooms	9,355
8 or more rooms	20,780
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	61,140
One person or fewer per room	60,630
More than one person per room	510
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	61,140
Suitable	58,940
Not suitable	2,200
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	61,140
1960 or before	18,695
1961 to 1980	18,335
1981 to 1990	7,030
1991 to 2000	5,615
2001 to 2005	2,920
2006 to 2010	2,670
2011 to 2015	2,255
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,625
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	61,140
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	56,715
Major repairs needed	4,425
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	61,140
One-maintainer household	31,270
Two-maintainer household	27,690
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,180
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	61,140
15 to 24 years	1,115
25 to 34 years	6,885
35 to 44 years	8,505
45 to 54 years	9,155
55 to 64 years	14,245
65 to 74 years	12,060
75 to 84 years	6,920
85 years and over	2,250
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	59,290
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	48,355
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,940
30% to less than 100%	10,305
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	61,140
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,925
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,645
Not suitable only	1,595
Major repairs needed only	3,105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	260
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	970
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60
Acceptable housing	45,220
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	58,660
In core need	6,120
Not in core need	52,540
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,955
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,179
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	461,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,525
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4
% in core housing need⁶³	24.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,076
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	235
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	675
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	700
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	143,200
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,175
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,100
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,465
Métis single ancestry	575
Inuit single ancestry	55
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,255
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,265
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,800
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	130,765
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	143,200
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	139,815
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,920
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,900
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,380
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	143,200
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	130,760
Immigrants⁸¹	11,310
Before 1980	5,395
1980 to 1990	1,300
1991 to 2000	1,355
2001 to 2010	1,610
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,645
2011 to 2015	730
2016 to 2021	915
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,130
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,310
Under 5 years	1,565
5 to 14 years	2,460
15 to 24 years	2,615
25 to 44 years	3,930
45 years and over	735
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,310
Americas	2,065
Brazil	35
Colombia	50
El Salvador	45
Guyana	135
Haiti	25
Jamaica	285
Mexico	70
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	160
United States of America	800
Other places of birth in Americas	460
Europe	5,975
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Croatia	20
France	100
Germany	655
Greece	145
Hungary	80
Italy	210
Netherlands	660
Poland	235
Portugal	235
Romania	130
Russian Federation	100
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Ukraine	80
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,595
Other places of birth in Europe	710
Africa	330
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	30
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	60
Morocco	0
Nigeria	20
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	55
Other places of birth in Africa	150
Asia	2,820
Afghanistan	30
Iran⁸⁸	50
Iraq	20
Lebanon	55
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	25
China⁹⁰	350
Hong Kong⁹¹	75
Korea, South⁹²	215
Taiwan	15
Philippines	550
Viet Nam	110
Bangladesh	35
India	745
Pakistan	140
Sri Lanka	105
Other places of birth in Asia	215
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	110
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	915
Americas	175
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	30
United States of America	100
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	25
Europe	140
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	40
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55
Other places of birth in Europe	25
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	585
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	310
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	135
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	50
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	143,200
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,625
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,275
Third generation or more¹⁰²	111,305
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,690
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,145
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,555
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,320
Refugees¹⁰⁸	765
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	340
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	755
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	335
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	143,200
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,155
South Asian	2,665
Chinese	825
Black	1,620
Filipino	750
Arab	240
Latin American	675
Southeast Asian	280
West Asian	110
Korean	325
Japanese	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	300
Multiple visible minorities	220
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	135,040
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	143,200
Canadian	28,220
English	42,565
Irish	38,540
Scottish	32,245
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,550
German	14,815
Chinese	1,000
Italian	4,570
Indian (India)	1,900
Ukrainian	2,470
Dutch	9,255
Polish	3,655
Québécois	495
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,110
Filipino	760
French Canadian	2,040
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,405
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,365
Métis	2,580
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,930
Russian	960
Norwegian	795
Welsh	3,395
Portuguese	930
American	1,450
Spanish	605
Swedish	675
Hungarian	915
Acadian	620
Pakistani	215
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415
Jewish	490
Punjabi	65
Vietnamese	175
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120
Greek	885
Jamaican	810
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	215
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	210
Korean	325
Romanian	430
Lebanese	195
Iranian	60
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	590
Danish	650
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,310
Sikh	85
Austrian	640
Belgian	430
Haitian	45
Hindu	135
Mexican	170
Mennonite	150
Swiss	525
Finnish	775
Sri Lankan	115
Croatian	205
Japanese	195
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	435
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	475
Muslim	85
Egyptian	70
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	230
Tamil	45
Icelandic	125
Colombian	65
Moroccan	0
Czech	440
Syrian	90
Guyanese	170
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	145
Serbian	110
Ojibway	415
Newfoundlander	550
Hong Konger	15
Ontarian	1,185
Persian	55
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	210
Turkish	45
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	125
Bangladeshi	25
Algerian	0
Brazilian	30
Nigerian	75
Armenian	60
Slovak	160
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185
Somali	15
Taiwanese	15
Iraqi	20
Salvadorean	30
African Caribbean	70
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90
Algonquin	645
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80
Lithuanian	250
South African	65
Australian	230
Palestinian	45
Chilean	70
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	235
Ethiopian	85
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	165
Peruvian	75
Yoruba	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	275
Macedonian	130
Slovenian	120
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	160
New Brunswicker	150
Gujarati	120
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	85
Israeli	50
Mohawk	3,125
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	85
Bulgarian	25
Albertan	15
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	70
African American	90
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70
Cuban	60
Bosnian	40
Venezuelan	80
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30
Latvian	85
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	45
Indonesian	70
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	110
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	40
Franco Ontarian	120
Argentinian	65
Estonian	115
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	10
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	110
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90
Malaysian	30
Plains Cree	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	45
Saskatchewanian	55
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	10
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	110
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	40
Mauritian	10
Kenyan	20
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	45
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	70
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	10
Malayali	65
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	35
Honduran	15
Cherokee	90
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	60
Flemish	50
United Empire Loyalist	390
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	65
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	20
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	75
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	10
Mongolian	40
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	50
Maliseet	15
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	35
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	25
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	35
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	143,200
Buddhist	295
Christian	78,495
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,145
Anabaptist	315
Anglican	9,405
Baptist	1,940
Catholic	26,995
Christian Orthodox	940
Jehovah's Witness	560
Latter Day Saints	330
Lutheran	1,120
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,170
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,400
Presbyterian	2,390
Reformed	1,045
United Church	15,240
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,510
Hindu	915
Jewish	240
Muslim	700
Sikh	565
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	345
Other religions and spiritual traditions	850
No religion and secular perspectives	60,790
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	142,005
Non-movers	126,245
Movers	15,760
Non-migrants	6,105
Migrants	9,655
Internal migrants	9,370
Intraprovincial migrants	8,390
Interprovincial migrants	980
External migrants	285
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	136,435
Non-movers	81,155
Movers	55,275
Non-migrants	16,525
Migrants	38,755
Internal migrants	36,990
Intraprovincial migrants	33,055
Interprovincial migrants	3,935
External migrants	1,770
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,385
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,145
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	96,245
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,915
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,975
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,935
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,390
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,390
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	39,915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,080
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,935
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,505
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	32,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,530
Bachelor's degree	11,890
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395
Master's degree	2,790
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,915
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,675
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,650
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,585
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,920
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,310
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,435
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,875
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,670
Bachelor's degree	8,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285
Master's degree	1,855
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	121,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	62,305
Education	3,465
13. Education	3,465
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,820
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360
50. Visual and performing arts	1,460
Humanities	2,360
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140
23. English language and literature/letters	565
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165
39. Theology and religious vocations	440
54. History	335
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	910
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,305
22. Legal professions and studies	925
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205
42. Psychology	1,065
45. Social sciences	1,645
Business, management and public administration	10,760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,990
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,760
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,745
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	335
41. Science technologies/technicians	190
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,715
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,410
25. Library science	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	190
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,010
04. Architecture and related services	345
14. Engineering	1,420
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,475
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,680
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,515
48. Precision production	1,575
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,135
03. Natural resources and conservation	625
Health and related fields	10,080
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,225
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,180
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,175
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95
43. Security and protective services	1,970
49. Transportation and materials moving	890
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,915
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,330
Education	1,980
13. Education	1,980
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,290
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060
Humanities	1,565
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90
23. English language and literature/letters	375
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110
39. Theology and religious vocations	245
54. History	255
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,395
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	760
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,795
22. Legal professions and studies	760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175
42. Psychology	670
45. Social sciences	1,160
Business, management and public administration	7,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,515
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	575
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25
40. Physical sciences	240
41. Science technologies/technicians	120
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,240
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,085
25. Library science	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,955
04. Architecture and related services	240
14. Engineering	995
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,400
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,875
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,410
48. Precision production	1,035
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	835
03. Natural resources and conservation	445
Health and related fields	7,175
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,535
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,880
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,540
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45
43. Security and protective services	1,560
49. Transportation and materials moving	675
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,915
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,585
Location of study inside Canada	38,885
Same as province or territory of residence	35,665
Different than province or territory of residence	3,220
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,700
Americas	770
United States of America	610
Mexico	30
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Brazil	0
Colombia	15
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	10
Other locations of study in Americas	65
Europe	610
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	50
Netherlands	30
Switzerland	10
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	35
Romania	30
Russian Federation	35
Ukraine	40
Ireland⁹⁶	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	60
Africa	50
Nigeria	20
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other locations of study in Africa	15
Asia	1,160
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	15
China⁹⁰	95
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	70
Philippines	250
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	10
India	605
Pakistan	45
Other locations of study in Asia	30
Oceania	105
Australia	100
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	121,390
In the labour force	67,035
Employed	59,330
Unemployed	7,700
Not in the labour force	54,350
Participation rate	55.2
Employment rate	48.9
Unemployment rate	11.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	121,385
Did not work¹⁸⁶	53,825
Worked	67,560
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,440
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,120
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,035
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,720
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,320
Employee	56,705
Permanent position	48,485
Temporary position	8,220
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,455
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,765
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,615
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,035
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,720
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,320
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,270
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,210
3 Health occupations	5,490
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,205
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,290
6 Sales and service occupations	16,535
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,730
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,930
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,200
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,035
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,720
All industries¹⁹¹	65,320
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,520
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200
22 Utilities	630
23 Construction	5,825
31-33 Manufacturing	7,445
41 Wholesale trade	1,730
44-45 Retail trade	8,340
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,285
51 Information and cultural industries	680
52 Finance and insurance	1,260
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,760
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,490
61 Educational services	4,155
62 Health care and social assistance	9,060
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030
72 Accommodation and food services	3,950
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,620
91 Public administration	6,435
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,560
English	70,160
French	205
Non-official language	120
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	120
English and French	1,435
English and non-official language(s)	595
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,560
Single responses	72,225
Official languages	71,945
English	71,625
French	315
Non-official languages	280
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	125
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	60
Frisian	0
High German languages	60
German	60
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25
Indo-Aryan languages	20
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	95
American Sign Language	85
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	20
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	340
English and French	245
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,560
None	70,820
English	250
French	1,090
Non-official language	335
Indigenous³⁹	20
Non-Indigenous	310
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	50
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,330
Worked at home	9,310
Worked outside Canada	170
No fixed workplace address	7,900
Usual place of work	41,955
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,955
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,595
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,050
Commute to a different province or territory	90
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,855
Car, truck or van	46,030
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,640
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,385
Public transit	745
Walked	2,085
Bicycle	225
Other method	770
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,855
Less than 15 minutes	19,915
15 to 29 minutes	17,185
30 to 44 minutes	7,230
45 to 59 minutes	2,455
60 minutes and over	3,065
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,855
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,605
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,690
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,180
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,890
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,625
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,675
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,335
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,345
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,465
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,715
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,030
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	690
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,750

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table