Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lake Country, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	15,817	...	...
Population, 2016¹	12,922	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	22.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,852	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,204	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	129.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	122.16	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	15,820	7,820	7,995
0 to 14 years	2,565	1,265	1,300
0 to 4 years	785	380	405
5 to 9 years	855	425	430
10 to 14 years	925	455	465
15 to 64 years	10,280	5,080	5,200
15 to 19 years	805	410	400
20 to 24 years	720	360	360
25 to 29 years	810	380	425
30 to 34 years	1,010	495	515
35 to 39 years	1,175	590	585
40 to 44 years	1,040	520	520
45 to 49 years	940	500	440
50 to 54 years	1,030	505	520
55 to 59 years	1,335	635	705
60 to 64 years	1,425	685	740
65 years and over	2,965	1,475	1,490
65 to 69 years	1,110	530	580
70 to 74 years	810	435	380
75 to 79 years	520	260	265
80 to 84 years	310	160	150
85 years and over	210	90	125
85 to 89 years	135	65	70
90 to 94 years	45	15	35
95 to 99 years	25	10	20
100 years and over	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	16.2	16.3
15 to 64 years	65.0	65.0	65.0
65 years and over	18.7	18.9	18.6
85 years and over	1.3	1.2	1.6
Average age of the population	42.8	42.7	42.8
Median age of the population	44.0	44.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,200	...	...
Single-detached house	4,070	...	...
Semi-detached house	200	...	...
Row house	200	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	870	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	670	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,205	...	...
1 person	1,335	...	...
2 persons	2,520	...	...
3 persons	910	...	...
4 persons	925	...	...
5 or more persons	505	...	...
Number of persons in private households	15,625	7,715	7,910
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,250	6,555	6,690
Married or living common-law	8,680	4,345	4,335
Married	7,140	3,575	3,570
Living common-law	1,540	775	765
Living common law - Never married	1,020	520	495
Living common law - Separated	75	40	35
Living common law - Divorced	400	205	200
Living common law - Widowed	45	15	30
Not married and not living common-law	4,570	2,210	2,360
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,860	1,595	1,270
Not married and not living common law - Separated	350	155	200
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	825	340	485
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	535	125	410
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,800	...	...
2 persons	2,720	...	...
3 persons	900	...	...
4 persons	865	...	...
5 or more persons	315	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,795	...	...
Total couple families	4,255	...	...
Married couples	3,485	...	...
With children⁶	1,605	...	...
Without children	1,885	...	...
Common-law couples	765	...	...
With children⁶	275	...	...
Without children	490	...	...
Total one-parent families	545	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	390	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	155	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,630	7,715	7,910
Total - Persons in census families	13,285	6,580	6,705
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,510	4,260	4,245
Parents in one-parent families	545	155	390
Children⁶	4,230	2,165	2,070
In a two-parent family	3,430	1,735	1,695
In a one-parent family	800	430	375
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,340	1,135	1,200
Living alone	1,340	615	720
Living with other relatives⁷	340	145	200
Living with non-relatives only	660	375	280
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,205	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,095	...	...
Couple-family households	3,680	...	...
With children⁶	1,615	...	...
Without children	2,065	...	...
One-parent-family households	420	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	180	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	290	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	245	...	...
One-person households	1,335	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,060	6,455	6,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,740	6,290	6,445
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,765	6,305	6,455
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,760	5,875	5,880
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	50,800	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,285	4,720	4,560
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	51,200	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,160	4,695	5,465
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,335	630	705
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,560	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,270	1,500	1,765
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,060	6,450	6,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,745	6,320	6,430
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	75,000	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,765	6,325	6,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	58,550	41,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,730	5,880	5,840
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,750	72,200	43,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,280	4,740	4,540
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,300	69,500	38,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,165	4,725	5,440
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,590	10,330	10,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,250	595	650
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	6,960	7,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,245	1,550	1,700
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,430	7,970	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,060	6,455	6,610
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,140	2,395	1,750
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	72,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,500	90,600	61,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,995	1,765	2,225
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	25,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,600	52,800	25,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.2	89.6	81.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	69.4	56.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.7	10.3	18.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.2	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,065	6,455	6,610
Without total income	325	160	165
With total income	12,740	6,295	6,445
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,025	400	625
$10,000 to $19,999	1,405	520	885
$20,000 to $29,999	1,765	710	1,050
$30,000 to $39,999	1,515	620	890
$40,000 to $49,999	1,395	625	770
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	570	620
$60,000 to $69,999	970	535	430
$70,000 to $79,999	755	465	285
$80,000 to $89,999	610	385	225
$90,000 to $99,999	445	270	175
$100,000 and over	1,660	1,180	485
$100,000 to $149,999	1,030	710	325
$150,000 and over	630	475	155
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,065	6,455	6,610
Without after-tax income	295	145	150
With after-tax income	12,765	6,305	6,460
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,130	440	690
$10,000 to $19,999	1,455	545	915
$20,000 to $29,999	2,025	800	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	1,755	770	985
$40,000 to $49,999	1,600	745	860
$50,000 to $59,999	1,325	730	595
$60,000 to $69,999	930	565	360
$70,000 to $79,999	730	445	280
$80,000 to $89,999	505	325	180
$90,000 to $99,999	320	220	95
$100,000 and over	995	715	280
$100,000 to $124,999	460	315	150
$125,000 and over	535	405	130
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,065	6,455	6,610
Without employment income	3,780	1,730	2,045
With employment income	9,280	4,720	4,560
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,330	550	785
$5,000 to $9,999	700	285	415
$10,000 to $19,999	1,110	455	660
$20,000 to $29,999	840	360	480
$30,000 to $39,999	740	345	395
$40,000 to $49,999	770	340	435
$50,000 to $59,999	735	365	365
$60,000 to $69,999	645	385	255
$70,000 to $79,999	490	290	200
$80,000 to $89,999	435	275	160
$90,000 to $99,999	340	230	110
$100,000 and over	1,150	855	295
$100,000 to $124,999	480	340	140
$125,000 and over	665	515	155
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,060	6,455	6,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,450	6,150	6,300
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	54,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,480	6,160	6,325
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,710	5,860	5,850
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	52,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,620	4,910	4,710
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,040	3,425	4,620
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,350	7,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,125	515	610
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,080	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,060	6,450	6,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,515	6,180	6,335
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,000	80,900	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,540	6,180	6,355
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	62,650	38,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,775	5,915	5,860
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,250	79,500	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,725	4,980	4,745
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,000	67,800	37,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,915	3,350	4,565
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,470	8,840	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,030	480	550
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,120	7,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,060	6,455	6,610
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,140	2,405	1,740
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	70,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,600	85,900	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,880	1,700	2,180
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	32,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	61,600	28,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.0	87.0
Employment income (%)	65.4	67.6	61.8
Government transfers (%)	8.5	5.9	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,335	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,870	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,205	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,335	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,865	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,205	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	145	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	160	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	175	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	360	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	400	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	380	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	365	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	790	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	630	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	830	...	...
$200,000 and over	795	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,205	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	175	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	210	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	230	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	185	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	475	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	470	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	435	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	415	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,545	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	865	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	650	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,020	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,710	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,160	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,895	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	500	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,995	990	1,005
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	46,400	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	41,200	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,680	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,145	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,900	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	495	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,050	955	1,100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,650	56,400	49,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560	44,000	43,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,625	7,720	7,910
0 to 17 years	3,075	1,520	1,555
0 to 5 years	955	460	490
18 to 64 years	9,670	4,760	4,910
65 years and over	2,880	1,440	1,445
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,275	600	680
0 to 17 years	245	120	125
0 to 5 years	65	40	25
18 to 64 years	715	330	380
65 years and over	325	145	180
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.7	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	8.8	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.0	7.7
65 years and over (%)	11.3	10.0	12.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,630	7,715	7,910
0 to 17 years	3,075	1,515	1,560
0 to 5 years	955	465	495
18 to 64 years	9,670	4,760	4,910
65 years and over	2,885	1,440	1,440
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	440	215	220
0 to 17 years	90	40	45
0 to 5 years	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	310	160	150
65 years and over	45	20	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.6	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.5	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,625	7,720	7,910
In bottom half of the distribution	6,530	3,175	3,355
In bottom decile	1,245	595	650
In second decile	1,195	545	655
In third decile	1,320	645	675
In fourth decile	1,340	670	670
In fifth decile	1,420	720	700
In top half of the distribution	9,100	4,545	4,555
In sixth decile	1,610	805	805
In seventh decile	1,710	840	875
In eighth decile	1,930	965	965
In ninth decile	1,775	890	885
In top decile	2,070	1,050	1,025
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,630	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.341	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.300	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,725	7,765	7,960
English only	14,595	7,275	7,320
French only	5	0	0
English and French	1,065	455	615
Neither English nor French	55	30	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,725	7,765	7,960
English	15,470	7,630	7,835
French	180	95	85
English and French	25	10	15
Neither English nor French	55	30	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,725	7,765	7,960
Single responses	15,495	7,665	7,835
Official languages	14,190	7,055	7,135
English	13,980	6,945	7,035
French	205	110	95
Non-official languages	1,310	610	700
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,305	610	695
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,115	540	575
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	105	110
Baltic languages	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5
Slavic languages	210	105	110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	20	20
Russian	95	45	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	490	235	260
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	370	170	200
German	355	160	195
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	55	45
Afrikaans	25	15	15
Dutch	70	40	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10
Danish	15	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	225	115	110
Indo-Aryan languages	190	100	95
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	5	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	80	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	15
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	85	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25
Portuguese	30	10	20
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	75	35	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15
Korean	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25
Chinese languages	45	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	25	10	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	225	105	125
English and French	60	25	35
English and non-official language(s)	145	70	80
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,725	7,765	7,960
English	14,470	7,175	7,295
French	25	15	10
Non-official language	225	120	105
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	225	120	105
English and French	135	75	65
English and non-official language(s)	815	360	455
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,725	7,765	7,960
Single responses	15,560	7,695	7,865
Official languages	15,090	7,465	7,630
English	15,055	7,445	7,610
French	40	20	20
Non-official languages	470	230	235
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	230	235
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	190	195
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	30	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	45	20	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	60	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	90	40	40
German	80	40	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15
Afrikaans	15	5	10
Dutch	20	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	150	75	75
Indo-Aryan languages	130	70	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	55	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	25	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	70	90
English and French	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	150	60	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,720	7,765	7,960
None	14,875	7,375	7,505
English	195	90	105
French	115	60	50
Non-official language	435	195	240
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous	435	190	240
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	15,630	7,720	7,910
Official languages	15,565	7,665	7,900
English	15,565	7,665	7,900
French	1,065	455	605
Non-official languages	1,930	885	1,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,930	885	1,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	20	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	30	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,580	725	850
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	290	145	145
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	290	145	145
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	50	20	30
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	25
Russian	135	70	75
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	30	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	35	25	10
Serbian	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	0	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	670	330	340
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	530	260	270
German	530	255	270
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	85	70
Afrikaans	50	25	25
Dutch	110	65	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10
Danish	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	280	135	140
Indo-Aryan languages	225	105	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	95	45	50
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	80	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	30	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	485	195	285
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	90	30	65
Portuguese	70	15	55
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	330	155	180
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	45	15	25
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	25	40
American Sign Language	35	10	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25
Chinese languages	45	25	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	30	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10
Hungarian	40	15	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,625	7,715	7,910
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	970	480	495
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	935	450	485
First Nations (North American Indian)	405	210	195
Métis	525	240	290
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	30	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	14,655	7,240	7,415
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,625	7,715	7,910
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	205	110	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,420	7,605	7,820
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,205	...	...
Owner	4,870	...	...
Renter	1,335	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,205	...	...
Condominium	635	...	...
Not condominium	5,570	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,205	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	470	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,010	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,205	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,270	...	...
5 rooms	685	...	...
6 rooms	855	...	...
7 rooms	805	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,590	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,205	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,110	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,205	...	...
Suitable	6,000	...	...
Not suitable	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,205	...	...
1960 or before	405	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,350	...	...
1981 to 1990	685	...	...
1991 to 2000	925	...	...
2001 to 2005	310	...	...
2006 to 2010	955	...	...
2011 to 2015	600	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,205	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	5,935	...	...
Major repairs needed	270	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,205	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,565	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,245	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	390	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,205	...	...
15 to 24 years	120	...	...
25 to 34 years	735	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,110	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,080	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,455	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,110	...	...
75 to 84 years	495	...	...
85 years and over	100	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,100	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,690	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,410	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,755	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,295	...	...
Not suitable only	155	...	...
Major repairs needed only	185	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,930	...	...
In core need	420	...	...
Not in core need	5,515	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,770	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,830	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	961,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,335	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,466	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	15,625	7,715	7,910
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	175	75	100
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	175	75	100
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	95	40	60
Métis single ancestry	80	35	40
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	955	520	430
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	900	485	420
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	555	335	220
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	145	195
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	35	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	35	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,500	7,125	7,380
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	15,625	7,720	7,905
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	14,990	7,410	7,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,995	1,455	1,540
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,995	5,955	6,035
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	635	305	325
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	15,625	7,720	7,905
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,710	6,810	6,900
Immigrants⁸¹	1,825	855	965
Before 1980	650	305	340
1980 to 1990	235	105	125
1991 to 2000	215	80	130
2001 to 2010	390	195	190
2011 to 2021⁸²	340	165	175
2011 to 2015	145	70	80
2016 to 2021	190	95	95
Non-permanent residents⁸³	95	55	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,825	855	970
Under 5 years	245	110	130
5 to 14 years	430	195	230
15 to 24 years	335	150	190
25 to 44 years	680	325	360
45 years and over	130	75	60
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,825	855	970
Americas	290	95	195
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	0	10
Mexico	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10
United States of America	160	70	90
Other places of birth in Americas	65	20	45
Europe	975	485	490
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0
France	20	15	0
Germany	200	85	110
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	20	10	10
Italy	10	0	0
Netherlands	50	35	10
Poland	25	15	10
Portugal	15	0	15
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	15	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	215	210
Other places of birth in Europe	145	70	80
Africa	70	35	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	0
Asia	415	195	220
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	55	20	40
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	120	60	65
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	50	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	80	50	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	190	100	90
Americas	35	20	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	15	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	45	25	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	90	45	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	35	20	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	10
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	15,630	7,720	7,910
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,110	1,000	1,110
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,750	1,425	1,325
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,765	5,295	5,470
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,175	545	625
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	655	325	335
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	230	155	80
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	425	170	255
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	455	190	265
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	30	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,175	545	625
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	115	130
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	30	35
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	10	50
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	780	385	395
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	15,630	7,715	7,910
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	990	425	565
South Asian	315	150	170
Chinese	140	50	90
Black	60	35	25
Filipino	90	40	50
Arab	25	25	0
Latin American	100	40	60
Southeast Asian	45	15	30
West Asian	40	20	25
Korean	15	0	15
Japanese	120	45	75
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	15
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,635	7,290	7,340
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	15,625	7,720	7,905
Canadian	2,405	1,235	1,170
English	4,955	2,315	2,640
Irish	2,785	1,385	1,395
Scottish	3,375	1,670	1,705
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,600	815	785
German	3,560	1,770	1,790
Chinese	150	45	100
Italian	675	310	360
Indian (India)	200	90	115
Ukrainian	1,140	525	615
Dutch	845	440	405
Polish	570	290	285
Québécois	15	0	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	645	325	325
Filipino	90	35	55
French Canadian	145	75	70
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	225	120	100
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	385	220	165
Métis	470	220	250
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	355	145	205
Russian	705	335	365
Norwegian	710	350	365
Welsh	400	175	225
Portuguese	130	75	55
American	310	140	165
Spanish	60	25	35
Swedish	555	225	335
Hungarian	300	155	140
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	0	15
Jewish	95	50	45
Punjabi	40	20	20
Vietnamese	20	0	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	55	20	35
Jamaican	15	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	35	40
Korean	35	0	30
Romanian	110	40	65
Lebanese	40	25	15
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	90	45	40
Danish	240	115	125
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	35	20
Sikh	80	35	35
Austrian	185	70	120
Belgian	120	75	50
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	25	10	15
Mexican	30	15	15
Mennonite	125	65	60
Swiss	155	95	65
Finnish	115	50	70
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	145	60	80
Japanese	120	50	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	185	85	100
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	15	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	110	55	55
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	100	40	65
Syrian	10	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10
Serbian	10	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	0	20
Persian	35	15	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	35	15	20
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	60	25	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	20	25
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	15	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	25	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	0	25
South African	45	25	20
Australian	35	35	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	50	25	25
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	10	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	20	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	30	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	15	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	10	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0
British Columbian	115	65	50
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	15	0
New Zealander	30	0	25
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	15	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	25	10	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	15,625	7,715	7,910
Buddhist	35	0	35
Christian	6,060	2,790	3,270
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,020	960	1,060
Anabaptist	35	20	20
Anglican	460	190	275
Baptist	215	90	125
Catholic	1,470	740	730
Christian Orthodox	40	15	25
Jehovah's Witness	230	110	120
Latter Day Saints	50	25	30
Lutheran	330	160	165
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	0	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	125	50	80
Presbyterian	75	25	50
Reformed	10	0	10
United Church	620	265	360
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	360	150	210
Hindu	55	30	30
Jewish	25	20	10
Muslim	35	25	10
Sikh	170	80	90
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	65	95
No religion and secular perspectives	9,080	4,705	4,380
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	15,490	7,665	7,830
Non-movers	13,085	6,545	6,540
Movers	2,410	1,120	1,290
Non-migrants	945	415	530
Migrants	1,465	705	755
Internal migrants	1,355	635	720
Intraprovincial migrants	950	435	520
Interprovincial migrants	405	200	200
External migrants	110	70	40
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	14,835	7,325	7,515
Non-movers	7,340	3,685	3,660
Movers	7,495	3,640	3,855
Non-migrants	1,700	855	850
Migrants	5,795	2,785	3,010
Internal migrants	5,465	2,630	2,835
Intraprovincial migrants	3,940	1,900	2,040
Interprovincial migrants	1,525	735	795
External migrants	330	155	170
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,060	6,450	6,610
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,830	1,000	830
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,230	5,450	5,775
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,660	4,250	4,415
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	780	465	315
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,880	3,780	4,095
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,060	6,455	6,610
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,535	805	730
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,000	2,025	1,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,525	3,620	3,905
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,755	2,430	2,325
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,470	1,150	320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	480	280	200
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	995	870	125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,970	1,185	1,790
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	95	215
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,770	1,190	1,580
Bachelor's degree	1,885	800	1,080
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185	60	125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	65	20
Master's degree	490	205	290
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	65	60
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,665	4,250	4,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	645	390	255
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,425	1,250	1,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,595	2,615	2,980
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,460	1,760	1,700
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,060	830	230
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	190	155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	715	645	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,210	865	1,345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	190	60	125
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,135	855	1,280
Bachelor's degree	1,445	570	875
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	50	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	40	15
Master's degree	400	150	245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	40	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,065	6,455	6,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,535	2,835	2,705
Education	520	135	380
13. Education	520	135	380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	70	150
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	15	20
50. Visual and performing arts	180	50	130
Humanities	270	105	165
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15
23. English language and literature/letters	80	15	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	40	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	15
54. History	35	10	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	750	225	525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	25	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	10	115
22. Legal professions and studies	155	25	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10
42. Psychology	140	35	110
45. Social sciences	215	120	90
Business, management and public administration	1,545	570	970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	85	10	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,455	565	890
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	120	130
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	30	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	35	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	75	55	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	180	115	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	95	40
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,845	1,730	110
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	30
14. Engineering	220	195	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	365	355	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	615	600	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	395	0
48. Precision production	195	180	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	225	120	105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	75	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	40	45
Health and related fields	1,220	205	1,020
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	30	50
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,115	155	960
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	215	280
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	330	70	260
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	50	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	110	95	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,660	4,250	4,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,065	1,635	1,435
Education	305	85	225
13. Education	305	85	225
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	195	55	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	10	20
50. Visual and performing arts	165	50	120
Humanities	185	80	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	65	15	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	25	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0
54. History	20	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	585	145	445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	20	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	10	95
22. Legal professions and studies	130	20	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	95	10	85
45. Social sciences	160	85	70
Business, management and public administration	1,155	410	750
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	70	10	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,080	405	680
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	65	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	25	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	100	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	80	30
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,355	1,270	85
04. Architecture and related services	40	10	25
14. Engineering	150	130	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275	260	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	475	460	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	295	295	0
48. Precision production	120	120	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	90	95
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	65	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	25	45
Health and related fields	940	155	785
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	25	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	855	120	735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	385	160	225
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	240	40	195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	35	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	85	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,660	4,250	4,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,065	1,635	1,435
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,590	2,615	2,975
Location of study inside Canada	5,005	2,320	2,680
Same as province or territory of residence	3,365	1,505	1,860
Different than province or territory of residence	1,635	815	825
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	590	295	295
Americas	175	80	95
United States of America	155	70	90
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	230	140	85
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	10	0
Germany	35	25	10
Netherlands	20	10	0
Switzerland	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	70	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10
Africa	35	10	25
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	25
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	115	40	70
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	35	15	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	40	20	20
Australia	30	20	15
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,060	6,455	6,610
In the labour force	8,650	4,455	4,195
Employed	8,005	4,140	3,865
Unemployed	645	315	330
Not in the labour force	4,410	1,995	2,415
Participation rate	66.2	69.0	63.5
Employment rate	61.3	64.1	58.5
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.1	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,065	6,455	6,610
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,325	1,930	2,400
Worked	8,735	4,525	4,210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,355	2,540	1,810
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,380	1,985	2,395
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.8	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,655	4,455	4,195
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	55	50
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,550	4,405	4,150
Employee	6,700	3,320	3,385
Permanent position	5,580	2,830	2,750
Temporary position	1,120	490	635
Fixed term (1 year or more)	265	115	155
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	850	375	480
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,850	1,085	760
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,655	4,455	4,195
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	55	50
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,550	4,405	4,150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	130	105	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,385	355	1,035
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	545	395	150
3 Health occupations	675	130	550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	885	285	605
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	275	75	200
6 Sales and service occupations	1,945	770	1,175
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,930	1,795	135
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	435	290	140
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	340	205	135
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,655	4,455	4,195
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	55	50
All industries¹⁹¹	8,550	4,405	4,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	365	200	170
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	125	20
22 Utilities	55	45	15
23 Construction	1,255	1,060	195
31-33 Manufacturing	535	340	195
41 Wholesale trade	290	200	95
44-45 Retail trade	815	370	440
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	425	315	110
51 Information and cultural industries	120	65	55
52 Finance and insurance	240	65	170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	220	100	120
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	640	350	290
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	330	170	160
61 Educational services	520	160	355
62 Health care and social assistance	1,050	190	865
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	200	80	115
72 Accommodation and food services	530	225	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	440	160	285
91 Public administration	350	180	170
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,430	4,860	4,570
English	9,210	4,765	4,445
French	10	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	70	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,430	4,860	4,570
Single responses	9,395	4,835	4,560
Official languages	9,375	4,835	4,540
English	9,365	4,835	4,530
French	10	0	10
Non-official languages	25	0	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	0	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	25	10
English and French	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,430	4,860	4,570
None	9,270	4,800	4,475
English	10	0	10
French	60	25	35
Non-official language	85	40	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	85	40	50
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,005	4,140	3,865
Worked at home	1,715	795	920
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0
No fixed workplace address	1,410	1,080	335
Usual place of work	4,865	2,250	2,615
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,865	2,250	2,610
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,425	520	910
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,780	1,355	1,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	570	310	260
Commute to a different province or territory	85	65	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,275	3,335	2,945
Car, truck or van	5,755	3,080	2,665
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,435	2,960	2,465
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	320	120	200
Public transit	65	25	40
Walked	240	80	165
Bicycle	30	30	0
Other method	180	120	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,275	3,335	2,945
Less than 15 minutes	1,850	845	1,000
15 to 29 minutes	2,355	1,265	1,090
30 to 44 minutes	1,585	915	670
45 to 59 minutes	260	125	135
60 minutes and over	225	180	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,275	3,335	2,945
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	505	340	155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,265	840	425
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,690	920	770
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,340	555	780
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	680	240	435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	805	435	365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,140	1,550	1,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	85	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,975	1,465	1,510
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,305	1,140	1,165
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	105	55	50
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	85	40	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,200	1,085	1,115

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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