Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Vancouver, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	58,120
Population, 2016¹	52,898
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.9
Total private dwellings²	29,021
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,293
Population density per square kilometre	4,913.0
Land area in square kilometres	11.83
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	58,120
0 to 14 years	7,315
0 to 4 years	2,425
5 to 9 years	2,345
10 to 14 years	2,545
15 to 64 years	40,610
15 to 19 years	2,575
20 to 24 years	2,960
25 to 29 years	4,380
30 to 34 years	5,215
35 to 39 years	4,950
40 to 44 years	4,290
45 to 49 years	3,940
50 to 54 years	4,260
55 to 59 years	4,095
60 to 64 years	3,950
65 years and over	10,190
65 to 69 years	3,210
70 to 74 years	2,595
75 to 79 years	1,830
80 to 84 years	1,240
85 years and over	1,315
85 to 89 years	830
90 to 94 years	375
95 to 99 years	95
100 years and over	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6
15 to 64 years	69.9
65 years and over	17.5
85 years and over	2.3
Average age of the population	42.7
Median age of the population	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,295
Single-detached house	2,915
Semi-detached house	930
Row house	2,150
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,100
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,395
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,785
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,295
1 person	10,235
2 persons	9,310
3 persons	3,900
4 persons	2,800
5 or more persons	1,050
Number of persons in private households	57,505
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	50,805
Married or living common-law	28,090
Married	21,875
Living common-law	6,215
Living common law - Never married	5,050
Living common law - Separated	180
Living common law - Divorced	910
Living common law - Widowed	75
Not married and not living common-law	22,710
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,775
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,405
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,250
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,285
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,190
2 persons	9,195
3 persons	3,700
4 persons	2,740
5 or more persons	565
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,195
Total couple families	13,625
Married couples	10,515
With children⁶	5,670
Without children	4,845
Common-law couples	3,110
With children⁶	560
Without children	2,550
Total one-parent families	2,570
in which the parent is a woman+	2,090
in which the parent is a man+	475
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	57,505
Total - Persons in census families	43,350
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,250
Parents in one-parent families	2,570
Children⁶	13,530
In a two-parent family	10,055
In a one-parent family	3,475
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,155
Living alone	10,235
Living with other relatives⁷	1,200
Living with non-relatives only	2,725
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,295
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,570
Couple-family households	12,390
With children⁶	5,635
Without children	6,750
One-parent-family households	2,180
Multigenerational households⁸	420
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	675
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,240
One-person households	10,235
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,755
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,790
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,825
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,965
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,565
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,015
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,935
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,845
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,995
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,965
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,150
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,650
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,990
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,990
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,205
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,420
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,400
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,205
Without total income	1,450
With total income	48,755
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,145
$10,000 to $19,999	4,505
$20,000 to $29,999	6,750
$30,000 to $39,999	5,675
$40,000 to $49,999	4,975
$50,000 to $59,999	4,520
$60,000 to $69,999	3,560
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875
$80,000 to $89,999	2,320
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875
$100,000 and over	7,555
$100,000 to $149,999	4,695
$150,000 and over	2,860
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,205
Without after-tax income	1,420
With after-tax income	48,785
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,325
$10,000 to $19,999	4,670
$20,000 to $29,999	7,660
$30,000 to $39,999	6,660
$40,000 to $49,999	5,955
$50,000 to $59,999	4,910
$60,000 to $69,999	3,635
$70,000 to $79,999	2,810
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095
$90,000 to $99,999	1,525
$100,000 and over	4,555
$100,000 to $124,999	2,190
$125,000 and over	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,205
Without employment income	13,245
With employment income	36,965
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,525
$5,000 to $9,999	2,700
$10,000 to $19,999	3,760
$20,000 to $29,999	3,010
$30,000 to $39,999	2,970
$40,000 to $49,999	2,965
$50,000 to $59,999	3,060
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520
$70,000 to $79,999	2,130
$80,000 to $89,999	1,815
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500
$100,000 and over	6,005
$100,000 to $124,999	2,425
$125,000 and over	3,585
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,360
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,450
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,240
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,740
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,795
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,265
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,480
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,545
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,380
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,780
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,850
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,955
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,215
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,205
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,190
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,635
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	92.2
Employment income (%)	77.4
Government transfers (%)	7.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,295
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,235
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,055
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,295
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,215
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,050
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,080
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,295
Under $5,000	500
$5,000 to $9,999	200
$10,000 to $14,999	265
$15,000 to $19,999	555
$20,000 to $24,999	1,145
$25,000 to $29,999	880
$30,000 to $34,999	865
$35,000 to $39,999	875
$40,000 to $44,999	920
$45,000 to $49,999	965
$50,000 to $59,999	1,945
$60,000 to $69,999	1,840
$70,000 to $79,999	1,705
$80,000 to $89,999	1,610
$90,000 to $99,999	1,495
$100,000 and over	11,535
$100,000 to $124,999	3,075
$125,000 to $149,999	2,260
$150,000 to $199,999	2,835
$200,000 and over	3,370
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,295
Under $5,000	560
$5,000 to $9,999	200
$10,000 to $14,999	275
$15,000 to $19,999	565
$20,000 to $24,999	1,215
$25,000 to $29,999	1,005
$30,000 to $34,999	970
$35,000 to $39,999	1,095
$40,000 to $44,999	1,105
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195
$50,000 to $59,999	2,240
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130
$70,000 to $79,999	1,930
$80,000 to $89,999	1,840
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555
$100,000 and over	9,405
$100,000 to $124,999	3,075
$125,000 to $149,999	2,200
$150,000 and over	4,130
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,180
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,000
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,240
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,455
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,960
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,210
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,985
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,275
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,450
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,860
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,950
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	57,510
0 to 17 years	8,800
0 to 5 years	2,880
18 to 64 years	38,725
65 years and over	9,985
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,380
0 to 17 years	1,015
0 to 5 years	275
18 to 64 years	3,795
65 years and over	1,565
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8
65 years and over (%)	15.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	57,505
0 to 17 years	8,800
0 to 5 years	2,880
18 to 64 years	38,720
65 years and over	9,980
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,315
0 to 17 years	685
0 to 5 years	175
18 to 64 years	2,985
65 years and over	645
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7
65 years and over (%)	6.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	57,510
In bottom half of the distribution	24,225
In bottom decile	6,080
In second decile	4,550
In third decile	4,310
In fourth decile	4,455
In fifth decile	4,830
In top half of the distribution	33,285
In sixth decile	4,985
In seventh decile	5,705
In eighth decile	5,935
In ninth decile	7,140
In top decile	9,520
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	57,505
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.369
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.324
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	57,855
English only	51,455
French only	40
English and French	5,350
Neither English nor French	1,010
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	57,855
English	55,400
French	1,035
English and French	435
Neither English nor French	980
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	57,855
Single responses	55,025
Official languages	36,500
English	35,520
French	980
Non-official languages	18,525
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	320
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	315
Amharic	5
Arabic	250
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	35
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,225
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	310
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,675
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	95
Kannada	5
Malayalam	35
Tamil	40
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	12,000
Albanian	20
Armenian	60
Balto-Slavic languages	1,845
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,820
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	105
Czech	260
Macedonian	5
Polish	355
Russian	535
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	255
Bosnian	35
Croatian	100
Serbian	115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	220
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	980
Frisian	0
High German languages	605
German	575
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240
Afrikaans	75
Dutch	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	135
Danish	55
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	25
Swedish	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	115
Indo-Iranian languages	6,670
Indo-Aryan languages	795
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	130
Hindi	150
Kacchi	45
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	25
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	5,875
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	100
Parsi	10
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5,760
Dari	85
Iranian Persian	5,205
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	470
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,305
Catalan	5
Italian	360
Portuguese	500
Romanian	205
Spanish	1,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	490
Korean	1,135
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,675
Chinese languages	1,670
Hakka	10
Mandarin	865
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	695
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	10
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	185
Azerbaijani	35
Kazakh	0
Turkish	145
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	220
Estonian	15
Finnish	40
Hungarian	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,830
English and French	280
English and non-official language(s)	2,155
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	60
Multiple non-official languages	275
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	57,855
English	37,955
French	255
Non-official language	5,725
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,730
English and French	730
English and non-official language(s)	12,265
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	430
Multiple non-official languages	450
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	57,855
Single responses	55,235
Official languages	44,250
English	43,805
French	450
Non-official languages	10,985
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,980
Afro-Asiatic languages	140
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	140
Amharic	0
Arabic	115
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,385
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	190
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,095
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	60
Kannada	0
Malayalam	20
Tamil	30
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	7,070
Albanian	10
Armenian	30
Balto-Slavic languages	865
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	855
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	65
Czech	125
Macedonian	0
Polish	125
Russian	305
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	95
Bosnian	20
Croatian	25
Serbian	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	140
Frisian	0
High German languages	80
German	80
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	40
Indo-Iranian languages	4,860
Indo-Aryan languages	405
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	50
Hindi	80
Kacchi	15
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	4,460
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	60
Parsi	10
Pashto	0
Persian languages	4,390
Dari	75
Iranian Persian	3,970
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	345
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,130
Catalan	0
Italian	75
Portuguese	325
Romanian	85
Spanish	635
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	240
Korean	890
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	960
Chinese languages	960
Hakka	0
Mandarin	580
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	335
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	100
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	0
Turkish	70
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	70
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,615
English and French	160
English and non-official language(s)	2,370
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	45
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	57,855
None	46,170
English	4,440
French	500
Non-official language	5,415
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	5,405
English and French	85
English and non-official language(s)	485
French and non-official language(s)	205
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	545
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	57,505
Official languages	56,455
English	56,425
French	5,255
Non-official languages	24,510
Indigenous languages³⁹	45
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	20
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,470
Afro-Asiatic languages	705
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	700
Amharic	10
Arabic	535
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	105
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,180
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	65
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	70
Ilocano	465
Indonesian	85
Kankanaey	25
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35
Pangasinan	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,960
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70
Creole languages	30
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	135
Kannada	15
Malayalam	30
Tamil	100
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	16,030
Albanian	10
Armenian	40
Balto-Slavic languages	2,190
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	2,160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	155
Czech	290
Macedonian	10
Polish	465
Russian	785
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	365
Bosnian	50
Croatian	155
Serbian	195
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	245
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	155
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	55
Irish	35
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,960
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,285
German	1,270
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	50
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490
Afrikaans	260
Dutch	215
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	285
Danish	95
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	80
Swedish	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	160
Indo-Iranian languages	8,050
Indo-Aryan languages	1,335
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	320
Hindi	560
Kacchi	100
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	100
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	6,800
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	140
Parsi	10
Pashto	0
Persian languages	6,730
Dari	65
Iranian Persian	6,265
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	440
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,155
Catalan	10
Italian	770
Portuguese	710
Romanian	265
Spanish	2,635
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	795
Korean	1,355
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	85
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	70
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	65
American Sign Language	60
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,325
Chinese languages	2,315
Hakka	15
Mandarin	1,685
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	215
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	920
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	0
Thai	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	405
Azerbaijani	85
Kazakh	0
Turkish	360
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	230
Estonian	15
Finnish	45
Hungarian	170
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	57,505
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,230
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,185
First Nations (North American Indian)	770
Métis	415
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15
Non-Indigenous identity	56,275
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	57,505
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	575
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,935
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,295
Owner	14,535
Renter	12,755
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,295
Condominium	13,360
Not condominium	13,935
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,295
No bedrooms	680
1 bedroom	9,365
2 bedrooms	9,410
3 bedrooms	4,725
4 or more bedrooms	3,120
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,295
1 to 4 rooms	17,065
5 rooms	3,615
6 rooms	2,045
7 rooms	1,385
8 or more rooms	3,190
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,295
One person or fewer per room	26,285
More than one person per room	1,010
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,295
Suitable	24,950
Not suitable	2,340
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,295
1960 or before	3,775
1961 to 1980	8,245
1981 to 1990	3,340
1991 to 2000	3,255
2001 to 2005	1,185
2006 to 2010	1,880
2011 to 2015	2,245
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,370
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,295
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,760
Major repairs needed	1,535
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,295
One-maintainer household	15,055
Two-maintainer household	11,205
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,035
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,295
15 to 24 years	535
25 to 34 years	4,515
35 to 44 years	5,145
45 to 54 years	4,890
55 to 64 years	5,210
65 to 74 years	3,830
75 to 84 years	2,250
85 years and over	915
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,205
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,130
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,070
30% to less than 100%	7,750
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,295
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,550
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,825
Not suitable only	1,380
Major repairs needed only	970
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	815
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	15,750
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,880
In core need	4,910
Not in core need	20,970
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,540
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9
% in core housing need⁶³	10.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,016
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	990,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,141,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,755
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.0
% in core housing need⁶³	29.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	57,505
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	440
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	415
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	390
Métis single ancestry	25
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,075
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,020
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	55,990
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	57,505
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	49,005
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,875
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,125
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,500
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	57,505
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,080
Immigrants⁸¹	22,020
Before 1980	3,535
1980 to 1990	2,075
1991 to 2000	4,215
2001 to 2010	5,040
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,155
2011 to 2015	3,565
2016 to 2021	3,590
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,405
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,015
Under 5 years	1,455
5 to 14 years	3,345
15 to 24 years	3,310
25 to 44 years	11,130
45 years and over	2,780
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,015
Americas	2,125
Brazil	295
Colombia	100
El Salvador	25
Guyana	15
Haiti	10
Jamaica	40
Mexico	350
Peru	115
Trinidad and Tobago	35
United States of America	750
Other places of birth in Americas	395
Europe	5,800
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90
Croatia	35
France	215
Germany	400
Greece	75
Hungary	85
Italy	265
Netherlands	145
Poland	310
Portugal	100
Romania	235
Russian Federation	280
Serbia⁸⁶	70
Ukraine	165
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,175
Other places of birth in Europe	1,150
Africa	1,135
Algeria	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	60
Eritrea	30
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	45
Nigeria	10
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	490
Other places of birth in Africa	480
Asia	12,465
Afghanistan	15
Iran⁸⁸	5,040
Iraq	40
Lebanon	65
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	85
China⁹⁰	830
Hong Kong⁹¹	390
Korea, South⁹²	855
Taiwan	275
Philippines	2,890
Viet Nam	65
Bangladesh	0
India	715
Pakistan	80
Sri Lanka	40
Other places of birth in Asia	1,025
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	490
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,590
Americas	540
Brazil	190
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	90
United States of America	155
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	95
Europe	725
France	75
Germany	45
Ireland⁹⁶	35
Italy	10
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260
Other places of birth in Europe	210
Africa	190
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	15
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	105
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	1,960
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	135
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
India	165
Iran⁸⁸	750
Iraq	15
Israel	10
Japan	40
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	130
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	550
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	20
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	20
Other places of birth in Asia	45
Oceania and other⁹³	185
Australia	115
Other places of birth⁹⁸	70
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	57,505
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,195
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,025
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,475
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,925
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,750
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,175
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,895
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,540
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,475
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	605
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,460
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	570
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,635
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	57,505
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,855
South Asian	2,100
Chinese	3,005
Black	550
Filipino	3,815
Arab	355
Latin American	1,210
Southeast Asian	405
West Asian	6,155
Korean	1,435
Japanese	755
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	315
Multiple visible minorities	760
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,650
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	57,505
Canadian	4,225
English	12,115
Irish	7,625
Scottish	9,170
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,180
German	4,805
Chinese	2,985
Italian	2,725
Indian (India)	1,475
Ukrainian	2,085
Dutch	1,710
Polish	1,585
Québécois	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,830
Filipino	3,585
French Canadian	465
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,210
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	565
Métis	435
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,170
Russian	1,360
Norwegian	1,130
Welsh	1,205
Portuguese	555
American	820
Spanish	1,135
Swedish	1,030
Hungarian	590
Acadian	60
Pakistani	135
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240
Jewish	495
Punjabi	165
Vietnamese	150
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155
Greek	365
Jamaican	90
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	600
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120
Korean	1,400
Romanian	505
Lebanese	165
Iranian	5,560
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130
Danish	640
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	165
Sikh	135
Austrian	615
Belgian	190
Haitian	15
Hindu	75
Mexican	635
Mennonite	90
Swiss	350
Finnish	340
Sri Lankan	95
Croatian	340
Japanese	870
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	315
Muslim	140
Egyptian	75
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	165
Tamil	30
Icelandic	265
Colombian	115
Moroccan	50
Czech	435
Syrian	20
Guyanese	65
Afghan	50
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45
Serbian	250
Ojibway	25
Newfoundlander	20
Hong Konger	165
Ontarian	10
Persian	1,755
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55
Turkish	245
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	30
Brazilian	295
Nigerian	30
Armenian	70
Slovak	305
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200
Somali	25
Taiwanese	200
Iraqi	30
Salvadorean	65
African Caribbean	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	155
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30
Algonquin	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15
Lithuanian	105
South African	400
Australian	460
Palestinian	45
Chilean	130
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	10
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65
Peruvian	160
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10
Berber	25
Albanian	25
Maltese	15
Macedonian	30
Slovenian	95
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	60
Eritrean	30
African Canadian	0
Israeli	55
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65
Bulgarian	175
Albertan	35
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	40
African American	55
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60
Tunisian	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65
Cuban	20
Bosnian	60
Venezuelan	30
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	115
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	10
Indonesian	80
Laotian	0
Ilocano	160
Northern Irish	55
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70
British Columbian	165
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	60
Estonian	65
Kurdish	95
Fijian	40
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	25
Thai	70
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	70
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30
New Zealander	160
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15
Malaysian	70
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	15
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	20
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	95
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	10
Manitoban	15
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	30
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	10
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	10
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	85
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	30
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	15
Burmese	0
Mongolian	25
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	55
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	40
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	50
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	45
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	10
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	50
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	57,510
Buddhist	470
Christian	20,915
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,010
Anabaptist	75
Anglican	1,745
Baptist	470
Catholic	9,450
Christian Orthodox	910
Jehovah's Witness	170
Latter Day Saints	110
Lutheran	440
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	320
Presbyterian	520
Reformed	20
United Church	1,600
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,025
Hindu	340
Jewish	385
Muslim	4,245
Sikh	530
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70
Other religions and spiritual traditions	975
No religion and secular perspectives	29,580
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	56,970
Non-movers	47,315
Movers	9,650
Non-migrants	6,020
Migrants	3,625
Internal migrants	2,720
Intraprovincial migrants	2,125
Interprovincial migrants	595
External migrants	905
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	55,055
Non-movers	28,210
Movers	26,845
Non-migrants	7,890
Migrants	18,955
Internal migrants	13,885
Intraprovincial migrants	11,560
Interprovincial migrants	2,330
External migrants	5,070
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,370
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,830
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,855
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,600
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,820
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,800
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,525
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,965
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,365
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,605
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,225
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,335
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,280
Bachelor's degree	13,505
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420
Master's degree	5,020
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,855
No certificate, diploma or degree	955
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,585
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	920
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,055
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,775
Bachelor's degree	11,325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345
Master's degree	4,285
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,405
Education	1,995
13. Education	1,995
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360
50. Visual and performing arts	1,985
Humanities	2,035
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265
23. English language and literature/letters	615
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135
39. Theology and religious vocations	105
54. History	250
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,095
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545
22. Legal professions and studies	925
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150
42. Psychology	895
45. Social sciences	1,795
Business, management and public administration	7,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	260
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,640
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40
40. Physical sciences	520
41. Science technologies/technicians	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,645
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,240
25. Library science	140
27. Mathematics and statistics	210
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,905
04. Architecture and related services	565
14. Engineering	2,660
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	870
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	940
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	535
48. Precision production	335
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330
03. Natural resources and conservation	240
Health and related fields	4,425
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,835
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,355
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	170
49. Transportation and materials moving	305
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,270
Education	1,370
13. Education	1,370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,815
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260
50. Visual and performing arts	1,550
Humanities	1,695
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245
23. English language and literature/letters	495
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130
39. Theology and religious vocations	80
54. History	195
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,270
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	390
22. Legal professions and studies	800
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120
42. Psychology	740
45. Social sciences	1,505
Business, management and public administration	6,390
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40
40. Physical sciences	345
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,410
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,140
25. Library science	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	125
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,635
04. Architecture and related services	450
14. Engineering	2,205
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	605
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	740
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400
48. Precision production	230
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	490
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	270
03. Natural resources and conservation	215
Health and related fields	3,375
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,890
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,025
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	665
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,585
Location of study inside Canada	17,935
Same as province or territory of residence	13,775
Different than province or territory of residence	4,160
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,650
Americas	1,490
United States of America	875
Mexico	225
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	215
Colombia	40
Peru	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other locations of study in Americas	90
Europe	2,385
Belgium	15
France	170
Germany	95
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	45
Hungary	20
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	75
Romania	110
Russian Federation	130
Ukraine	75
Ireland⁹⁶	100
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,045
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	55
Other locations of study in Europe	370
Africa	230
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	10
Egypt	30
South Africa, Republic of	185
Other locations of study in Africa	10
Asia	5,110
Iran⁸⁸	2,185
Iraq	15
Israel	10
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	40
China⁹⁰	300
Taiwan	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
Japan	175
Korea, South⁹²	440
Philippines	1,335
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	265
Pakistan	15
Other locations of study in Asia	200
Oceania	430
Australia	330
New Zealand	100
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,205
In the labour force	35,135
Employed	32,490
Unemployed	2,640
Not in the labour force	15,075
Participation rate	70.0
Employment rate	64.7
Unemployment rate	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,710
Worked	34,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,060
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,440
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,130
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,460
Employee	28,360
Permanent position	23,815
Temporary position	4,540
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,650
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,895
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,100
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,130
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,460
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,070
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,775
3 Health occupations	2,570
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,420
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,445
6 Sales and service occupations	8,455
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,240
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	515
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,130
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675
All industries¹⁹¹	34,460
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170
22 Utilities	190
23 Construction	2,465
31-33 Manufacturing	1,415
41 Wholesale trade	935
44-45 Retail trade	4,025
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,310
51 Information and cultural industries	1,685
52 Finance and insurance	1,830
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,090
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,895
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,365
61 Educational services	2,720
62 Health care and social assistance	4,145
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	955
72 Accommodation and food services	1,940
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,520
91 Public administration	1,560
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,010
English	34,625
French	65
Non-official language	275
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	275
English and French	405
English and non-official language(s)	1,550
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,010
Single responses	36,710
Official languages	36,060
English	35,895
French	165
Non-official languages	650
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	645
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	365
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	300
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	295
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	295
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	275
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	125
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90
Chinese languages	90
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	300
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	250
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,010
None	35,220
English	430
French	275
Non-official language	900
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	900
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	30
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	95
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,490
Worked at home	9,930
Worked outside Canada	95
No fixed workplace address	3,810
Usual place of work	18,650
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	18,650
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,825
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	175
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,465
Car, truck or van	15,075
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,825
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,250
Public transit	3,400
Walked	2,760
Bicycle	545
Other method	685
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,465
Less than 15 minutes	6,990
15 to 29 minutes	8,150
30 to 44 minutes	4,575
45 to 59 minutes	1,630
60 minutes and over	1,120
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,465
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,030
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,220
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,625
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,715
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,995
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,220
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,400
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	560
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	195
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,845

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table