Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Oak Bay, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,990
Population, 2016¹	18,094
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6
Total private dwellings²	8,168
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,807
Population density per square kilometre	1,710.1
Land area in square kilometres	10.52
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,990
0 to 14 years	2,295
0 to 4 years	450
5 to 9 years	840
10 to 14 years	1,015
15 to 64 years	9,540
15 to 19 years	1,055
20 to 24 years	930
25 to 29 years	580
30 to 34 years	570
35 to 39 years	660
40 to 44 years	830
45 to 49 years	1,035
50 to 54 years	1,175
55 to 59 years	1,295
60 to 64 years	1,405
65 years and over	6,150
65 to 69 years	1,565
70 to 74 years	1,700
75 to 79 years	1,205
80 to 84 years	820
85 years and over	855
85 to 89 years	485
90 to 94 years	270
95 to 99 years	95
100 years and over	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.8
15 to 64 years	53.0
65 years and over	34.2
85 years and over	4.8
Average age of the population	49.7
Median age of the population	54.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,805
Single-detached house	4,915
Semi-detached house	100
Row house	110
Apartment or flat in a duplex	525
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,735
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	410
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,805
1 person	2,430
2 persons	2,990
3 persons	935
4 persons	1,010
5 or more persons	445
Number of persons in private households	17,640
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,690
Married or living common-law	9,640
Married	8,505
Living common-law	1,140
Living common law - Never married	735
Living common law - Separated	20
Living common law - Divorced	330
Living common law - Widowed	50
Not married and not living common-law	6,055
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,495
Not married and not living common law - Separated	305
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,205
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,045
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,250
2 persons	3,075
3 persons	905
4 persons	985
5 or more persons	285
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,250
Total couple families	4,700
Married couples	4,135
With children⁶	1,810
Without children	2,325
Common-law couples	570
With children⁶	165
Without children	410
Total one-parent families	550
in which the parent is a woman+	425
in which the parent is a man+	120
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,640
Total - Persons in census families	14,300
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,405
Parents in one-parent families	545
Children⁶	4,345
In a two-parent family	3,530
In a one-parent family	820
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,340
Living alone	2,435
Living with other relatives⁷	205
Living with non-relatives only	705
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,810
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,765
Couple-family households	4,305
With children⁶	1,785
Without children	2,525
One-parent-family households	460
Multigenerational households⁸	110
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	215
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	235
One-person households	2,435
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,895
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,915
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,225
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,225
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,340
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,565
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,920
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,945
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,230
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,295
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,410
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,340
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,920
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	118,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,960
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,340
Without total income	445
With total income	14,900
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,215
$10,000 to $19,999	1,435
$20,000 to $29,999	1,875
$30,000 to $39,999	1,340
$40,000 to $49,999	1,250
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160
$60,000 to $69,999	970
$70,000 to $79,999	890
$80,000 to $89,999	720
$90,000 to $99,999	595
$100,000 and over	3,440
$100,000 to $149,999	1,685
$150,000 and over	1,755
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,340
Without after-tax income	430
With after-tax income	14,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,365
$10,000 to $19,999	1,525
$20,000 to $29,999	2,060
$30,000 to $39,999	1,540
$40,000 to $49,999	1,500
$50,000 to $59,999	1,265
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130
$70,000 to $79,999	855
$80,000 to $89,999	720
$90,000 to $99,999	525
$100,000 and over	2,430
$100,000 to $124,999	910
$125,000 and over	1,515
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,340
Without employment income	6,115
With employment income	9,230
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,715
$5,000 to $9,999	715
$10,000 to $19,999	975
$20,000 to $29,999	655
$30,000 to $39,999	575
$40,000 to $49,999	470
$50,000 to $59,999	510
$60,000 to $69,999	450
$70,000 to $79,999	445
$80,000 to $89,999	400
$90,000 to $99,999	370
$100,000 and over	1,945
$100,000 to $124,999	610
$125,000 and over	1,340
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,515
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,540
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,970
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,765
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	375
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,590
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,615
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,040
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,850
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,590
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,340
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,895
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	110,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,775
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0
Employment income (%)	52.4
Government transfers (%)	8.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,805
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,435
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,375
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,810
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	154,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,435
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,100
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,650
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,370
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	193,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,805
Under $5,000	85
$5,000 to $9,999	35
$10,000 to $14,999	50
$15,000 to $19,999	120
$20,000 to $24,999	300
$25,000 to $29,999	230
$30,000 to $34,999	175
$35,000 to $39,999	215
$40,000 to $44,999	215
$45,000 to $49,999	205
$50,000 to $59,999	435
$60,000 to $69,999	405
$70,000 to $79,999	400
$80,000 to $89,999	385
$90,000 to $99,999	385
$100,000 and over	4,160
$100,000 to $124,999	790
$125,000 to $149,999	625
$150,000 to $199,999	945
$200,000 and over	1,805
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,805
Under $5,000	125
$5,000 to $9,999	35
$10,000 to $14,999	60
$15,000 to $19,999	120
$20,000 to $24,999	315
$25,000 to $29,999	260
$30,000 to $34,999	195
$35,000 to $39,999	270
$40,000 to $44,999	240
$45,000 to $49,999	275
$50,000 to $59,999	505
$60,000 to $69,999	470
$70,000 to $79,999	455
$80,000 to $89,999	445
$90,000 to $99,999	410
$100,000 and over	3,630
$100,000 to $124,999	830
$125,000 to $149,999	715
$150,000 and over	2,080
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,200
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,610
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,985
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	520
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,140
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,180
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	194,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,585
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	167,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,990
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	246,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	183,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	515
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,210
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,100
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,640
0 to 17 years	2,940
0 to 5 years	585
18 to 64 years	8,880
65 years and over	5,820
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,400
0 to 17 years	250
0 to 5 years	60
18 to 64 years	690
65 years and over	460
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7
65 years and over (%)	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,640
0 to 17 years	2,940
0 to 5 years	580
18 to 64 years	8,875
65 years and over	5,825
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	810
0 to 17 years	195
0 to 5 years	30
18 to 64 years	520
65 years and over	95
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,640
In bottom half of the distribution	5,290
In bottom decile	1,425
In second decile	1,005
In third decile	890
In fourth decile	870
In fifth decile	1,100
In top half of the distribution	12,350
In sixth decile	1,255
In seventh decile	1,500
In eighth decile	1,995
In ninth decile	2,535
In top decile	5,065
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,640
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.416
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.480
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.354
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,990
English only	15,115
French only	0
English and French	2,780
Neither English nor French	95
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,990
English	17,580
French	255
English and French	60
Neither English nor French	95
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,990
Single responses	17,630
Official languages	15,695
English	15,435
French	255
Non-official languages	1,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,935
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	10
Arabic	45
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	90
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,030
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	210
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	205
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	20
Macedonian	5
Polish	50
Russian	55
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	30
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	405
Frisian	0
High German languages	255
German	245
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	25
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	10
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	180
Indo-Aryan languages	115
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	10
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	60
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	60
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195
Catalan	0
Italian	55
Portuguese	25
Romanian	5
Spanish	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	80
Korean	50
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515
Chinese languages	500
Hakka	0
Mandarin	345
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	5
Finnish	15
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	360
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	210
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,990
English	15,945
French	50
Non-official language	355
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	355
English and French	255
English and non-official language(s)	1,265
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,990
Single responses	17,765
Official languages	17,045
English	16,960
French	85
Non-official languages	725
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	730
Afro-Asiatic languages	40
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	40
Amharic	0
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	40
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	5
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	260
Albanian	10
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	65
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	65
Frisian	0
High German languages	50
German	45
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	55
Indo-Aryan languages	30
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	30
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	5
Romanian	0
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	320
Chinese languages	315
Hakka	0
Mandarin	255
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	225
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	185
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,990
None	16,535
English	330
French	205
Non-official language	755
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	755
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	40
French and non-official language(s)	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	55
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,640
Official languages	17,510
English	17,510
French	2,750
Non-official languages	3,310
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	95
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	95
Amharic	15
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	155
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	35
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,085
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	320
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	320
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	75
Russian	160
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	35
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	735
Frisian	0
High German languages	520
German	515
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	105
Danish	50
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	35
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	235
Indo-Aryan languages	190
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	20
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	50
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	45
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	900
Catalan	0
Italian	170
Portuguese	60
Romanian	0
Spanish	725
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	160
Korean	40
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700
Chinese languages	690
Hakka	0
Mandarin	570
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	190
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	95
Estonian	10
Finnish	40
Hungarian	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,640
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	320
First Nations (North American Indian)	170
Métis	150
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	17,295
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,640
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,550
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,810
Owner	5,820
Renter	1,990
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,810
Condominium	900
Not condominium	6,910
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,810
No bedrooms	80
1 bedroom	1,175
2 bedrooms	1,800
3 bedrooms	1,880
4 or more bedrooms	2,865
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,810
1 to 4 rooms	1,850
5 rooms	885
6 rooms	750
7 rooms	960
8 or more rooms	3,365
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,810
One person or fewer per room	7,770
More than one person per room	35
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,810
Suitable	7,675
Not suitable	140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,810
1960 or before	4,610
1961 to 1980	1,885
1981 to 1990	480
1991 to 2000	225
2001 to 2005	95
2006 to 2010	90
2011 to 2015	160
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,810
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,365
Major repairs needed	445
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,810
One-maintainer household	3,840
Two-maintainer household	3,700
Three-or-more-maintainer household	265
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,810
15 to 24 years	125
25 to 34 years	420
35 to 44 years	745
45 to 54 years	1,205
55 to 64 years	1,530
65 to 74 years	2,010
75 to 84 years	1,230
85 years and over	540
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,780
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,970
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,810
30% to less than 100%	1,550
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,805
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,235
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,665
Not suitable only	95
Major repairs needed only	330
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	5,570
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,520
In core need	735
Not in core need	6,785
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,815
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	42.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.8
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,034
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,640,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,990
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.9
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,640
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	50
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20
Métis single ancestry	25
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	395
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	395
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,640
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,550
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,770
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,775
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,090
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,640
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,465
Immigrants⁸¹	3,855
Before 1980	1,890
1980 to 1990	485
1991 to 2000	385
2001 to 2010	550
2011 to 2021⁸²	555
2011 to 2015	140
2016 to 2021	410
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,855
Under 5 years	385
5 to 14 years	660
15 to 24 years	800
25 to 44 years	1,605
45 years and over	405
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,855
Americas	675
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	25
Peru	15
Trinidad and Tobago	15
United States of America	515
Other places of birth in Americas	55
Europe	2,035
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	60
Germany	155
Greece	15
Hungary	40
Italy	20
Netherlands	80
Poland	50
Portugal	10
Romania	0
Russian Federation	55
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,265
Other places of birth in Europe	245
Africa	175
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	85
Other places of birth in Africa	60
Asia	865
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	270
Hong Kong⁹¹	65
Korea, South⁹²	30
Taiwan	70
Philippines	75
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	0
India	70
Pakistan	15
Sri Lanka	10
Other places of birth in Asia	175
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	410
Americas	95
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	75
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	70
France	0
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	10
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	220
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	20
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	60
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,640
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,695
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,365
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,575
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,965
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,065
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	490
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	570
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	785
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,965
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	340
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,335
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,640
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,260
South Asian	370
Chinese	900
Black	100
Filipino	155
Arab	40
Latin American	120
Southeast Asian	95
West Asian	75
Korean	65
Japanese	145
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45
Multiple visible minorities	135
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,385
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,640
Canadian	1,615
English	6,565
Irish	3,295
Scottish	4,700
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,290
German	2,110
Chinese	925
Italian	590
Indian (India)	240
Ukrainian	790
Dutch	820
Polish	610
Québécois	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,480
Filipino	160
French Canadian	160
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	295
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	115
Métis	170
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	530
Russian	290
Norwegian	760
Welsh	635
Portuguese	95
American	425
Spanish	215
Swedish	630
Hungarian	210
Acadian	35
Pakistani	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35
Jewish	285
Punjabi	45
Vietnamese	50
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30
Greek	195
Jamaican	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30
Korean	95
Romanian	130
Lebanese	50
Iranian	60
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25
Danish	315
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30
Sikh	50
Austrian	235
Belgian	120
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	105
Mennonite	50
Swiss	155
Finnish	170
Sri Lankan	40
Croatian	80
Japanese	155
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35
Tamil	0
Icelandic	100
Colombian	15
Moroccan	10
Czech	55
Syrian	20
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	25
Ojibway	45
Newfoundlander	20
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	0
Persian	40
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	10
Nigerian	0
Armenian	10
Slovak	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105
Somali	0
Taiwanese	70
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20
Lithuanian	95
South African	90
Australian	45
Palestinian	20
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	50
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	10
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	55
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	30
Albertan	20
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	20
African American	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25
Cuban	0
Bosnian	10
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	50
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	35
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	55
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30
British Columbian	35
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	10
Estonian	25
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	0
Thai	15
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	35
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	25
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	10
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	20
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,640
Buddhist	170
Christian	6,430
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,140
Anabaptist	15
Anglican	1,435
Baptist	205
Catholic	1,745
Christian Orthodox	140
Jehovah's Witness	25
Latter Day Saints	10
Lutheran	220
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55
Presbyterian	190
Reformed	0
United Church	855
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	350
Hindu	50
Jewish	260
Muslim	85
Sikh	120
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280
No religion and secular perspectives	10,250
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,540
Non-movers	15,465
Movers	2,080
Non-migrants	1,205
Migrants	875
Internal migrants	680
Intraprovincial migrants	425
Interprovincial migrants	260
External migrants	200
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,130
Non-movers	10,995
Movers	6,135
Non-migrants	1,165
Migrants	4,970
Internal migrants	4,180
Intraprovincial migrants	3,295
Interprovincial migrants	880
External migrants	795
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,340
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,130
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	245
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,360
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,345
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,115
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,020
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,995
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	480
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,145
Bachelor's degree	4,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480
Master's degree	2,225
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	695
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	205
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	965
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,435
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,560
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	315
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	150
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	165
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,010
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,870
Bachelor's degree	2,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335
Master's degree	1,405
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,135
Education	1,135
13. Education	1,135
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	600
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35
50. Visual and performing arts	565
Humanities	900
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145
23. English language and literature/letters	245
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	40
54. History	175
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,965
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140
22. Legal professions and studies	410
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65
42. Psychology	355
45. Social sciences	835
Business, management and public administration	1,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	260
41. Science technologies/technicians	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,075
04. Architecture and related services	140
14. Engineering	470
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	175
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	175
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	75
48. Precision production	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	280
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	140
Health and related fields	1,825
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,440
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	245
Personal, protective and transportation services	305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	150
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	70
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,170
Education	455
13. Education	455
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	350
Humanities	475
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95
23. English language and literature/letters	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	20
54. History	90
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90
22. Legal professions and studies	240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60
42. Psychology	185
45. Social sciences	490
Business, management and public administration	1,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	400
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	185
25. Library science	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	630
04. Architecture and related services	80
14. Engineering	275
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	115
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	45
48. Precision production	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	105
Health and related fields	1,105
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	850
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165
Personal, protective and transportation services	170
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	45
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,435
Location of study inside Canada	5,145
Same as province or territory of residence	3,615
Different than province or territory of residence	1,530
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,290
Americas	385
United States of America	335
Mexico	20
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	505
Belgium	0
France	40
Germany	35
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	10
Ukraine	15
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	60
Africa	40
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	315
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	15
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	145
Taiwan	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	15
Korea, South⁹²	15
Philippines	65
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	0
Pakistan	10
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	50
Australia	25
New Zealand	25
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,345
In the labour force	8,170
Employed	7,595
Unemployed	575
Not in the labour force	7,175
Participation rate	53.2
Employment rate	49.5
Unemployment rate	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,345
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,820
Worked	8,525
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,130
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,395
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,170
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,055
Employee	5,930
Permanent position	4,665
Temporary position	1,260
Fixed term (1 year or more)	330
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	925
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,130
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,170
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,055
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,620
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765
3 Health occupations	975
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,405
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	415
6 Sales and service occupations	1,640
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	705
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	45
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,170
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110
All industries¹⁹¹	8,055
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20
22 Utilities	10
23 Construction	445
31-33 Manufacturing	175
41 Wholesale trade	105
44-45 Retail trade	720
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	125
51 Information and cultural industries	185
52 Finance and insurance	335
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	335
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,085
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	265
61 Educational services	900
62 Health care and social assistance	1,350
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265
72 Accommodation and food services	445
81 Other services (except public administration)	255
91 Public administration	955
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,130
English	8,705
French	10
Non-official language	50
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	50
English and French	140
English and non-official language(s)	190
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,130
Single responses	9,080
Official languages	9,000
English	8,975
French	25
Non-official languages	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	35
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40
Chinese languages	40
Hakka	0
Mandarin	40
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	50
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,130
None	8,805
English	35
French	110
Non-official language	125
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	125
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,595
Worked at home	2,855
Worked outside Canada	35
No fixed workplace address	670
Usual place of work	4,030
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,030
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	90
Commute to a different province or territory	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,700
Car, truck or van	3,270
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,000
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	270
Public transit	270
Walked	455
Bicycle	530
Other method	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,700
Less than 15 minutes	1,820
15 to 29 minutes	2,000
30 to 44 minutes	640
45 to 59 minutes	105
60 minutes and over	130
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	135
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	415
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,270
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,500
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	775
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	605
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,020
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,780
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,525
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	215
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,305

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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