Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Ottawa CentreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	126,360	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	118,038	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	70,600	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	64,758	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,896.0	...	...	3,896.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	32.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	126,360	61,960	64,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,315	7,320	6,990	11.3	11.8	10.9
0 to 4 years	4,520	2,295	2,220	3.6	3.7	3.4
5 to 9 years	4,875	2,520	2,355	3.9	4.1	3.7
10 to 14 years	4,915	2,500	2,415	3.9	4.0	3.8
15 to 64 years	91,050	45,145	45,895	72.1	72.9	71.3
15 to 19 years	5,530	2,685	2,850	4.4	4.3	4.4
20 to 24 years	11,055	5,290	5,765	8.7	8.5	9.0
25 to 29 years	14,315	6,925	7,385	11.3	11.2	11.5
30 to 34 years	11,700	5,895	5,805	9.3	9.5	9.0
35 to 39 years	9,605	4,930	4,670	7.6	8.0	7.3
40 to 44 years	8,045	4,020	4,030	6.4	6.5	6.3
45 to 49 years	7,685	3,775	3,905	6.1	6.1	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,695	3,820	3,880	6.1	6.2	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,130	4,185	3,945	6.4	6.8	6.1
60 to 64 years	7,290	3,625	3,665	5.8	5.9	5.7
65 years and over	21,005	9,495	11,505	16.6	15.3	17.9
65 to 69 years	6,420	3,045	3,370	5.1	4.9	5.2
70 to 74 years	5,840	2,790	3,060	4.6	4.5	4.8
75 to 79 years	3,755	1,685	2,070	3.0	2.7	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,540	1,085	1,460	2.0	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	2,445	900	1,545	1.9	1.5	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,475	590	885	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	705	260	445	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	230	40	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.3	11.8	10.9	11.3	11.8	10.9
15 to 64 years	72.1	72.9	71.3	72.1	72.9	71.3
65 years and over	16.6	15.3	17.9	16.6	15.3	17.9
85 years and over	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	41.1	40.6	41.7	41.1	40.6	41.7
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.4	38.0	37.6	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	64,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,725	...	...	21.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,900	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	4,195	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,525	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,235	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	26,995	...	...	41.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	64,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	29,670	...	...	45.8	...	...
2 persons	21,390	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	6,310	...	...	9.7	...	...
4 persons	5,285	...	...	8.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,100	...	...	3.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	123,765	60,510	63,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	112,045	54,645	57,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,150	27,300	26,855	48.3	50.0	46.8
Married	37,940	19,030	18,905	33.9	34.8	32.9
Living common-law	16,215	8,265	7,950	14.5	15.1	13.8
Living common law - Never married	13,910	7,040	6,870	12.4	12.9	12.0
Living common law - Separated	325	200	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,830	950	880	1.6	1.7	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	57,900	27,345	30,555	51.7	50.0	53.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	43,755	22,525	21,225	39.1	41.2	37.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,800	1,245	1,555	2.5	2.3	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,160	2,745	4,410	6.4	5.0	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,185	825	3,360	3.7	1.5	5.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,740	...	...	61.5	...	...
3 persons	5,205	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	4,900	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,650	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,365	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	18,260	...	...	59.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,010	...	...	29.5	...	...
Without children	9,255	...	...	30.3	...	...
Common-law couples	8,105	...	...	26.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,325	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	6,780	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,130	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,295	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	840	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	123,765	60,505	63,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	81,370	40,240	41,130	65.7	66.5	65.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,735	26,625	26,110	42.6	44.0	41.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,130	840	3,290	3.3	1.4	5.2
Children⁶	24,505	12,775	11,735	19.8	21.1	18.6
In a two-parent family	18,405	9,570	8,840	14.9	15.8	14.0
In a one-parent family	6,105	3,205	2,890	4.9	5.3	4.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	42,395	20,265	22,130	34.3	33.5	35.0
Living alone	29,670	13,640	16,030	24.0	22.5	25.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,590	1,185	1,405	2.1	2.0	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	10,130	5,440	4,695	8.2	9.0	7.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	64,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,855	...	...	44.6	...	...
Couple-family households	25,235	...	...	39.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,885	...	...	15.3	...	...
Without children	15,350	...	...	23.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,625	...	...	5.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	420	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	835	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,875	...	...	7.5	...	...
One-person households	29,665	...	...	45.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	109,495	53,210	56,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,855	51,330	54,525	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	58,400	52,000	54,800	58,400	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,910	51,360	54,555	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	50,400	45,600	47,600	50,400	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,305	47,365	49,940	88.9	89.0	88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	59,200	50,400	54,400	59,200	50,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,905	40,330	40,575	73.9	75.8	72.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	57,200	51,200	53,600	57,200	51,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,635	44,565	49,070	85.5	83.8	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,480	2,960	5,480	4,480	2,960	5,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,395	2,805	3,590	5.8	5.3	6.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,735	12,120	12,615	22.6	22.8	22.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	109,315	53,085	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,635	51,245	54,395	96.6	96.5	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	77,800	85,400	70,700	77,800	85,400	70,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,725	51,290	54,435	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,600	65,200	56,300	60,600	65,200	56,300
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,105	47,360	49,745	88.8	89.2	88.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	76,800	85,200	68,700	76,800	85,200	68,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,850	40,455	40,390	74.0	76.2	71.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,200	80,300	68,100	74,200	80,300	68,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,385	44,425	48,955	85.4	83.7	87.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,210	7,630	8,730	8,210	7,630	8,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,205	2,620	3,580	5.7	4.9	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,075	7,720	7,020	6,075	7,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,560	12,075	12,490	22.5	22.7	22.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,080	8,920	9,000	9,080	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	109,315	53,085	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,250	23,130	21,115	40.5	43.6	37.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	83,000	86,000	79,500	83,000	86,000	79,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	108,600	114,700	101,900	108,600	114,700	101,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,695	13,360	15,335	26.2	25.2	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	18,000	17,400	17,600	18,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,480	37,800	33,480	35,480	37,800	33,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.6	92.2	88.8	90.6	92.2	88.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.0	74.2	71.6	73.0	74.2	71.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.3	7.8	11.1	9.3	7.8	11.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0	2.7	3.4	3.0	2.7	3.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	109,500	53,210	56,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,645	1,885	1,765	3.3	3.5	3.1
With total income	105,850	51,325	54,525	96.7	96.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,390	3,440	3,955	7.0	6.7	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,960	4,735	5,225	9.4	9.2	9.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,995	5,855	7,135	12.3	11.4	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,285	4,735	5,550	9.7	9.2	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,470	3,875	4,595	8.0	7.5	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,840	3,510	4,325	7.4	6.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,745	3,530	4,210	7.3	6.9	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	7,005	3,285	3,720	6.6	6.4	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	6,095	3,015	3,075	5.8	5.9	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,975	2,415	2,560	4.7	4.7	4.7
$100,000 and over	23,100	12,925	10,175	21.8	25.2	18.7
$100,000 to $149,999	14,215	7,450	6,760	13.4	14.5	12.4
$150,000 and over	8,885	5,470	3,415	8.4	10.7	6.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	109,500	53,210	56,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,585	1,855	1,730	3.3	3.5	3.1
With after-tax income	105,915	51,355	54,555	96.7	96.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,870	3,620	4,245	7.4	7.0	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,395	4,920	5,470	9.8	9.6	10.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,685	6,700	7,980	13.9	13.0	14.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,860	5,495	6,370	11.2	10.7	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,490	4,730	5,760	9.9	9.2	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	10,255	4,685	5,570	9.7	9.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,845	4,145	4,700	8.4	8.1	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,380	3,675	3,705	7.0	7.2	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	6,065	2,985	3,080	5.7	5.8	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,685	2,490	2,195	4.4	4.8	4.0
$100,000 and over	13,385	7,910	5,475	12.6	15.4	10.0
$100,000 to $124,999	6,400	3,535	2,870	6.0	6.9	5.3
$125,000 and over	6,980	4,375	2,610	6.6	8.5	4.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	109,500	53,210	56,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,590	12,880	15,705	26.1	24.2	27.9
With employment income	80,910	40,335	40,580	73.9	75.8	72.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,620	4,605	5,015	11.9	11.4	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,405	2,530	2,875	6.7	6.3	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,935	3,760	4,180	9.8	9.3	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,600	2,705	2,895	6.9	6.7	7.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,985	2,510	2,480	6.2	6.2	6.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,935	2,345	2,590	6.1	5.8	6.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,320	2,475	2,845	6.6	6.1	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,715	2,595	3,115	7.1	6.4	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,060	2,420	2,640	6.3	6.0	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,605	2,290	2,320	5.7	5.7	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,935	1,890	2,050	4.9	4.7	5.1
$100,000 and over	17,785	10,205	7,580	22.0	25.3	18.7
$100,000 to $124,999	7,165	3,765	3,400	8.9	9.3	8.4
$125,000 and over	10,625	6,445	4,175	13.1	16.0	10.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	109,495	53,210	56,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,850	50,355	53,495	94.8	94.6	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	54,000	47,200	50,400	54,000	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,900	50,370	53,530	94.9	94.7	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	46,800	41,600	44,000	46,800	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,880	46,670	49,205	87.6	87.7	87.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	55,200	47,200	50,800	55,200	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,415	40,020	40,395	73.4	75.2	71.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	52,400	46,000	49,200	52,400	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,025	42,175	45,850	80.4	79.3	81.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	930	785	1,120	930	785	1,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,040	1,700	2,340	3.7	3.2	4.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,440	6,600	6,080	5,440	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	109,315	53,085	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,775	50,345	53,425	94.9	94.8	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,000	79,700	62,850	71,000	79,700	62,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,820	50,350	53,465	95.0	94.8	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,850	61,300	50,720	55,850	61,300	50,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,865	46,720	49,145	87.7	88.0	87.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,900	81,600	62,750	71,900	81,600	62,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,750	40,265	40,490	73.9	75.9	72.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,200	76,100	60,400	68,200	76,100	60,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,805	42,055	45,750	80.3	79.2	81.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,410	4,772	5,995	5,410	4,772	5,995
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,130	1,680	2,450	3.8	3.2	4.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	6,680	8,490	7,750	6,680	8,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	109,315	53,085	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,880	22,910	20,965	40.1	43.2	37.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	80,000	72,500	76,000	80,000	72,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,100	103,600	85,900	95,100	103,600	85,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,020	12,495	14,520	24.7	23.5	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	22,800	21,200	22,000	22,800	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,200	44,880	36,160	40,200	44,880	36,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.6	95.0	91.8	93.6	95.0	91.8
Employment income (%)	74.8	76.2	72.8	74.8	76.2	72.8
Government transfers (%)	6.4	5.0	8.2	6.4	5.0	8.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	64,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	29,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	64,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	29,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,700	...	...	66,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,300	...	...	54,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	177,800	...	...	177,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	64,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,190	...	...	1.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	645	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,240	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,550	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,790	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,065	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,135	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,025	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,910	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,040	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,085	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,325	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,095	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,820	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,220	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,620	...	...	42.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,505	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,930	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,310	...	...	9.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,870	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	64,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,305	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	660	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,260	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,625	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,005	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,400	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,455	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,415	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,345	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,595	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,430	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,105	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,665	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,900	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,315	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,280	...	...	34.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,480	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,595	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,210	...	...	17.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	39,800	19,080	20,720	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	45,200	48,800	47,200	45,200	48,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	40,400	43,200	42,000	40,400	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	188,200	...	...	188,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	177,600	...	...	177,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	246,200	...	...	246,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	185,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	39,730	19,070	20,660	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,450	59,350	59,550	59,450	59,350	59,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,120	48,720	49,440	49,120	48,720	49,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	123,765	60,505	63,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,165	8,720	8,445	13.9	14.4	13.3
0 to 5 years	5,425	2,785	2,645	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	86,745	42,675	44,065	70.1	70.5	69.7
65 years and over	19,860	9,110	10,745	16.0	15.1	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,255	7,350	7,905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,925	985	940	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	690	340	350	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,290	5,060	5,230	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,040	1,300	1,740	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.3	12.2	12.5	12.3	12.2	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.3	11.1	11.2	11.3	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.2	13.2	12.6	12.2	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
65 years and over (%)	15.3	14.3	16.2	15.3	14.3	16.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	123,765	60,505	63,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,165	8,720	8,445	13.9	14.4	13.4
0 to 5 years	5,425	2,780	2,640	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	86,740	42,675	44,065	70.1	70.5	69.7
65 years and over	19,855	9,110	10,745	16.0	15.1	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,430	5,810	5,615	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,150	585	565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	425	210	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,255	4,780	4,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,020	455	570	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.6	8.9	9.2	9.6	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.8	7.5	8.1	7.8	7.5	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.7	11.2	10.2	10.7	11.2	10.2
65 years and over (%)	5.2	5.0	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	123,765	60,505	63,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,740	22,960	24,780	38.6	37.9	39.2
In bottom decile	15,410	7,630	7,775	12.5	12.6	12.3
In second decile	9,390	4,440	4,945	7.6	7.3	7.8
In third decile	7,785	3,700	4,085	6.3	6.1	6.5
In fourth decile	7,355	3,480	3,880	5.9	5.8	6.1
In fifth decile	7,805	3,705	4,100	6.3	6.1	6.5
In top half of the distribution	76,025	37,545	38,475	61.4	62.1	60.8
In sixth decile	8,605	4,075	4,530	7.0	6.7	7.2
In seventh decile	9,610	4,585	5,030	7.8	7.6	8.0
In eighth decile	12,055	5,870	6,185	9.7	9.7	9.8
In ninth decile	17,040	8,495	8,550	13.8	14.0	13.5
In top decile	28,710	14,525	14,180	23.2	24.0	22.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	123,765	...	...	123,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.494	...	...	0.494	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.372	...	...	0.372	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	124,830	61,180	63,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	71,595	37,220	34,380	57.4	60.8	54.0
French only	925	365	560	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and French	50,680	23,005	27,680	40.6	37.6	43.5
Neither English nor French	1,625	600	1,035	1.3	1.0	1.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	124,830	61,180	63,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,510	53,770	54,740	86.9	87.9	86.0
French	12,500	5,805	6,690	10.0	9.5	10.5
English and French	2,240	1,025	1,215	1.8	1.7	1.9
Neither English nor French	1,580	575	1,005	1.3	0.9	1.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	124,830	61,180	63,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	118,245	58,110	60,135	94.7	95.0	94.5
Official languages	94,910	47,150	47,755	76.0	77.1	75.0
English	83,610	41,870	41,740	67.0	68.4	65.6
French	11,300	5,280	6,020	9.1	8.6	9.5
Non-official languages	23,335	10,955	12,380	18.7	17.9	19.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,255	10,925	12,330	18.6	17.9	19.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,405	1,775	1,635	2.7	2.9	2.6
Berber languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	495	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	465	205	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,870	1,535	1,335	2.3	2.5	2.1
Amharic	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,375	1,295	1,085	1.9	2.1	1.7
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	995	450	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	890	410	480	0.7	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	565	200	365	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	145	245	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	440	240	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,580	5,440	6,140	9.3	8.9	9.6
Albanian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,805	1,165	1,640	2.2	1.9	2.6
Baltic languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,725	1,140	1,590	2.2	1.9	2.5
Belarusian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	675	280	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	800	315	490	0.6	0.5	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	570	260	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	315	150	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,285	595	690	1.0	1.0	1.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	805	365	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	745	340	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	310	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,875	1,525	1,350	2.3	2.5	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,740	945	790	1.4	1.5	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	400	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	215	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	370	200	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	155	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,135	575	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,045	525	520	0.8	0.9	0.8
Dari	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	840	415	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,150	1,930	2,220	3.3	3.2	3.5
Catalan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,340	625	710	1.1	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	590	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	295	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	1,905	885	1,020	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	185	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	485	195	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	630	300	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,025	1,815	2,215	3.2	3.0	3.5
Chinese languages	3,795	1,710	2,080	3.0	2.8	3.3
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,220	1,005	1,220	1.8	1.6	1.9
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,370	610	760	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	300	170	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	255	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,585	3,075	3,510	5.3	5.0	5.5
English and French	2,690	1,250	1,440	2.2	2.0	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,720	1,310	1,410	2.2	2.1	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	505	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	124,830	61,180	63,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,795	43,815	43,975	70.3	71.6	69.1
French	3,830	1,800	2,030	3.1	2.9	3.2
Non-official language	5,465	2,505	2,960	4.4	4.1	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,450	2,495	2,955	4.4	4.1	4.6
English and French	9,760	4,530	5,230	7.8	7.4	8.2
English and non-official language(s)	14,010	6,785	7,225	11.2	11.1	11.4
French and non-official language(s)	590	245	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,855	1,265	1,590	2.3	2.1	2.5
Multiple non-official languages	525	235	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	124,830	61,180	63,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,435	58,625	60,810	95.7	95.8	95.5
Official languages	108,850	53,655	55,195	87.2	87.7	86.7
English	102,735	50,830	51,905	82.3	83.1	81.5
French	6,110	2,825	3,285	4.9	4.6	5.2
Non-official languages	10,585	4,970	5,620	8.5	8.1	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,560	4,960	5,600	8.5	8.1	8.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,700	825	875	1.4	1.3	1.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	220	85	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	205	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,465	740	730	1.2	1.2	1.1
Amharic	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,215	620	595	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	610	280	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	565	260	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,440	2,125	2,320	3.6	3.5	3.6
Albanian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	945	405	540	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	935	395	535	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	350	135	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,460	780	680	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	780	440	345	0.6	0.7	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	220	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	680	340	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	625	305	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	525	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	805	940	1.4	1.3	1.5
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	475	205	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	290	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	850	400	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,500	1,145	1,355	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese languages	2,335	1,075	1,260	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,490	705	780	1.2	1.2	1.2
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	760	320	435	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,395	2,555	2,835	4.3	4.2	4.5
English and French	1,990	915	1,075	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,810	1,380	1,430	2.3	2.3	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	235	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	124,830	61,180	63,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,435	50,175	51,255	81.3	82.0	80.5
English	5,515	2,620	2,890	4.4	4.3	4.5
French	6,585	3,090	3,495	5.3	5.1	5.5
Non-official language	7,755	3,665	4,090	6.2	6.0	6.4
Indigenous³⁹	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	7,685	3,645	4,040	6.2	6.0	6.3
English and French	365	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	705	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	1,450	620	835	1.2	1.0	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	975	475	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	123,630	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	121,905	59,710	62,195	98.6	98.9	98.3
English	121,015	59,335	61,675	97.9	98.3	97.5
French	51,220	23,100	28,120	41.4	38.3	44.5
Non-official languages	35,910	16,765	19,135	29.0	27.8	30.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	245	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,690	16,680	19,010	28.9	27.6	30.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,265	2,800	2,470	4.3	4.6	3.9
Berber languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	665	350	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	625	330	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,660	2,470	2,190	3.8	4.1	3.5
Amharic	385	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	3,780	2,030	1,755	3.1	3.4	2.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	415	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,240	560	680	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,115	510	605	0.9	0.8	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,015	415	600	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	725	285	440	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	445	185	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	300	110	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	590	345	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	230	155	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,685	9,545	11,140	16.7	15.8	17.6
Albanian	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,800	1,695	2,110	3.1	2.8	3.3
Baltic languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,695	1,635	2,060	3.0	2.7	3.3
Belarusian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	185	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	290	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	940	400	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian	1,410	635	775	1.1	1.1	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	775	360	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bosnian	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	495	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	425	185	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	90	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,270	1,595	1,675	2.6	2.6	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,520	1,240	1,280	2.0	2.1	2.0
German	2,460	1,200	1,265	2.0	2.0	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	275	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	495	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	165	110	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	490	270	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	4,320	2,300	2,015	3.5	3.8	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,015	1,640	1,385	2.4	2.7	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	535	260	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	370	205	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	1,685	925	760	1.4	1.5	1.2
Kacchi	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	580	320	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	560	345	215	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,355	705	650	1.1	1.2	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,220	620	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dari	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	1,005	485	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,010	4,245	5,765	8.1	7.0	9.1
Catalan	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,695	1,160	1,530	2.2	1.9	2.4
Portuguese	1,105	505	595	0.9	0.8	0.9
Romanian	310	100	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	6,920	2,930	3,990	5.6	4.9	6.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	530	285	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	655	270	390	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,535	710	830	1.2	1.2	1.3
Akan (Twi)	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ganda	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	270	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Luba-Kasai	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	535	260	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	265	60	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	240	50	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,935	2,275	2,660	4.0	3.8	4.2
Chinese languages	4,675	2,155	2,520	3.8	3.6	4.0
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,225	1,445	1,780	2.6	2.4	2.8
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,865	855	1,015	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	420	245	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	330	195	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,625	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,970	1,420	1,550	2.4	2.4	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,735	1,340	1,400	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,500	700	800	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	1,020	545	475	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	120,655	58,965	61,695	97.6	97.6	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,625	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	910	435	480	0.7	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,715	59,950	62,760	99.3	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,685	...	...	41.3	...	...
Renter	38,005	...	...	58.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,830	...	...	19.8	...	...
Not condominium	51,865	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,700	...	...	2.6	...	...
1 bedroom	23,455	...	...	36.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,830	...	...	29.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,640	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,060	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	35,420	...	...	54.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,795	...	...	12.0	...	...
6 rooms	6,045	...	...	9.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,050	...	...	7.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,380	...	...	16.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	63,875	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	810	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	61,635	...	...	95.3	...	...
Not suitable	3,050	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	25,305	...	...	39.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,435	...	...	25.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,280	...	...	9.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,455	...	...	5.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,070	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,685	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,390	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,060	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	60,020	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,675	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,170	...	...	59.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,685	...	...	38.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,830	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,875	...	...	7.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,615	...	...	24.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,885	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,500	...	...	14.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,895	...	...	15.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,205	...	...	12.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,215	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,495	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	64,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,575	...	...	74.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,635	...	...	25.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,530	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	64,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	22,220	...	...	34.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,750	...	...	22.8	...	...
Not suitable only	2,150	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,240	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	645	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,180	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,470	...	...	65.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,375	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not in core need	53,730	...	...	86.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,680	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.0	...	...	54.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,946	...	...	1,946	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	780,000	...	...	780,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	841,000	...	...	841,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,005	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.7	...	...	34.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	123,625	60,380	63,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	840	385	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	820	380	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	580	255	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Métis single ancestry	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,915	1,865	2,050	3.2	3.1	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,830	1,820	2,005	3.1	3.0	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,765	1,305	1,460	2.2	2.2	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	920	460	465	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,870	58,130	60,735	96.2	96.3	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	123,625	60,380	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,775	54,885	57,890	91.2	90.9	91.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,330	8,180	8,150	13.2	13.5	12.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	96,445	46,705	49,745	78.0	77.4	78.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,850	5,500	5,350	8.8	9.1	8.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	123,625	60,380	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,165	45,645	47,515	75.4	75.6	75.1
Immigrants⁸¹	25,545	12,205	13,340	20.7	20.2	21.1
Before 1980	5,965	2,960	3,005	4.8	4.9	4.8
1980 to 1990	3,185	1,470	1,720	2.6	2.4	2.7
1991 to 2000	4,825	2,145	2,675	3.9	3.6	4.2
2001 to 2010	5,405	2,430	2,970	4.4	4.0	4.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,170	3,200	2,970	5.0	5.3	4.7
2011 to 2015	2,180	1,065	1,115	1.8	1.8	1.8
2016 to 2021	3,985	2,130	1,855	3.2	3.5	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,920	2,530	2,390	4.0	4.2	3.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	25,545	12,205	13,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,750	1,360	1,395	10.8	11.1	10.5
5 to 14 years	4,780	2,480	2,305	18.7	20.3	17.3
15 to 24 years	4,655	2,115	2,540	18.2	17.3	19.0
25 to 44 years	11,000	5,330	5,670	43.1	43.7	42.5
45 years and over	2,350	920	1,430	9.2	7.5	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	25,545	12,205	13,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,120	1,875	2,240	16.1	15.4	16.8
Brazil	225	115	110	0.9	0.9	0.8
Colombia	260	105	155	1.0	0.9	1.2
El Salvador	110	50	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haiti	245	105	140	1.0	0.9	1.0
Jamaica	265	85	175	1.0	0.7	1.3
Mexico	270	135	135	1.1	1.1	1.0
Peru	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	115	65	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
United States of America	1,575	750	825	6.2	6.1	6.2
Other places of birth in Americas	865	390	470	3.4	3.2	3.5
Europe	8,065	3,855	4,210	31.6	31.6	31.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220	95	120	0.9	0.8	0.9
Croatia	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	470	190	280	1.8	1.6	2.1
Germany	435	200	235	1.7	1.6	1.8
Greece	140	60	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungary	100	65	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	820	390	425	3.2	3.2	3.2
Netherlands	205	95	110	0.8	0.8	0.8
Poland	510	200	310	2.0	1.6	2.3
Portugal	165	75	85	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romania	280	95	190	1.1	0.8	1.4
Russian Federation	355	150	205	1.4	1.2	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	190	80	110	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ukraine	270	100	170	1.1	0.8	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,505	1,400	1,110	9.8	11.5	8.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,300	605	695	5.1	5.0	5.2
Africa	3,310	1,685	1,620	13.0	13.8	12.1
Algeria	150	85	65	0.6	0.7	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	255	105	145	1.0	0.9	1.1
Egypt	270	150	115	1.1	1.2	0.9
Eritrea	140	85	60	0.5	0.7	0.4
Ethiopia	305	155	150	1.2	1.3	1.1
Morocco	255	140	110	1.0	1.1	0.8
Nigeria	170	100	70	0.7	0.8	0.5
Somalia	285	135	150	1.1	1.1	1.1
South Africa, Republic of	120	65	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	670	700	5.4	5.5	5.2
Asia	9,810	4,645	5,165	38.4	38.1	38.7
Afghanistan	140	70	75	0.5	0.6	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	705	345	360	2.8	2.8	2.7
Iraq	240	130	105	0.9	1.1	0.8
Lebanon	555	290	265	2.2	2.4	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	305	150	160	1.2	1.2	1.2
Turkey	145	95	50	0.6	0.8	0.4
China⁹⁰	1,785	695	1,090	7.0	5.7	8.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	335	145	185	1.3	1.2	1.4
Korea, South⁹²	405	170	230	1.6	1.4	1.7
Taiwan	140	65	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Philippines	725	280	445	2.8	2.3	3.3
Viet Nam	840	395	450	3.3	3.2	3.4
Bangladesh	210	100	105	0.8	0.8	0.8
India	1,155	605	550	4.5	5.0	4.1
Pakistan	310	190	120	1.2	1.6	0.9
Sri Lanka	170	100	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	810	840	6.5	6.6	6.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	240	140	105	0.9	1.1	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,985	2,130	1,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	670	385	280	16.8	18.1	15.1
Brazil	105	65	40	2.6	3.1	2.2
Colombia	30	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.1
Haiti	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.1
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	30	40	1.9	1.4	2.2
United States of America	275	165	105	6.9	7.7	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	130	75	50	3.3	3.5	2.7
Europe	580	315	265	14.6	14.8	14.2
France	95	40	50	2.4	1.9	2.7
Germany	40	30	15	1.0	1.4	0.8
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	15	0.9	0.7	0.8
Italy	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	50	20	30	1.3	0.9	1.6
Ukraine	25	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	75	50	3.1	3.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	190	105	85	4.8	4.9	4.6
Africa	905	480	425	22.7	22.5	22.8
Algeria	60	25	35	1.5	1.2	1.9
Burundi	60	20	35	1.5	0.9	1.9
Cameroon	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	40	35	1.9	1.9	1.9
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	0	25	0.6	0.0	1.3
Eritrea	50	20	25	1.3	0.9	1.3
Ethiopia	40	20	15	1.0	0.9	0.8
Morocco	120	70	50	3.0	3.3	2.7
Nigeria	115	70	40	2.9	3.3	2.2
Somalia	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	0.8	0.9	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Tunisia	35	15	20	0.9	0.7	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	255	135	120	6.4	6.3	6.5
Asia	1,785	930	855	44.8	43.7	46.0
Afghanistan	55	35	20	1.4	1.6	1.1
Bangladesh	65	30	35	1.6	1.4	1.9
China⁹⁰	140	40	105	3.5	1.9	5.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
India	385	220	160	9.7	10.3	8.6
Iran⁸⁸	105	60	40	2.6	2.8	2.2
Iraq	65	40	20	1.6	1.9	1.1
Israel	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	35	1.6	1.4	1.9
Lebanon	70	35	30	1.8	1.6	1.6
Nepal	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	80	35	40	2.0	1.6	2.2
Philippines	190	75	115	4.8	3.5	6.2
Saudi Arabia	55	35	15	1.4	1.6	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	180	95	80	4.5	4.5	4.3
Turkey	60	35	25	1.5	1.6	1.3
United Arab Emirates	25	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.5
Viet Nam	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	150	85	65	3.8	4.0	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	50	15	30	1.3	0.7	1.6
Australia	30	10	15	0.8	0.5	0.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	123,625	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	33,110	16,095	17,015	26.8	26.7	26.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,810	13,110	13,695	21.7	21.7	21.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,710	31,180	32,535	51.5	51.6	51.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	19,585	9,250	10,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,710	4,850	4,870	49.6	52.4	47.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,490	2,575	1,915	22.9	27.8	18.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,220	2,270	2,950	26.7	24.5	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,435	2,120	3,320	27.8	22.9	32.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,170	2,200	1,965	21.3	23.8	19.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	265	85	180	1.4	0.9	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	19,585	9,250	10,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,490	795	700	7.6	8.6	6.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,130	1,080	1,050	10.9	11.7	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	925	420	505	4.7	4.5	4.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,795	865	930	9.2	9.4	9.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	120	50	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,125	6,040	7,085	67.0	65.3	68.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	123,625	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	29,385	14,180	15,205	23.8	23.5	24.0
South Asian	5,070	2,695	2,375	4.1	4.5	3.8
Chinese	5,580	2,500	3,080	4.5	4.1	4.9
Black	6,775	3,315	3,455	5.5	5.5	5.5
Filipino	1,035	415	615	0.8	0.7	1.0
Arab	3,010	1,620	1,390	2.4	2.7	2.2
Latin American	1,740	855	885	1.4	1.4	1.4
Southeast Asian	2,145	1,015	1,130	1.7	1.7	1.8
West Asian	1,270	610	655	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	720	285	430	0.6	0.5	0.7
Japanese	440	195	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	385	135	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,220	530	695	1.0	0.9	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	94,240	46,205	48,035	76.2	76.5	76.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	123,625	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,980	5,565	5,415	8.9	9.2	8.6
English	25,400	12,515	12,885	20.5	20.7	20.4
Irish	29,150	13,780	15,370	23.6	22.8	24.3
Scottish	26,090	12,620	13,470	21.1	20.9	21.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,710	8,550	9,160	14.3	14.2	14.5
German	12,055	5,915	6,140	9.8	9.8	9.7
Chinese	5,945	2,665	3,280	4.8	4.4	5.2
Italian	6,975	3,300	3,675	5.6	5.5	5.8
Indian (India)	3,555	1,890	1,665	2.9	3.1	2.6
Ukrainian	4,095	1,955	2,135	3.3	3.2	3.4
Dutch	3,995	1,915	2,080	3.2	3.2	3.3
Polish	4,975	2,370	2,600	4.0	3.9	4.1
Québécois	1,050	535	515	0.8	0.9	0.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,660	3,250	3,410	5.4	5.4	5.4
Filipino	1,075	450	620	0.9	0.7	1.0
French Canadian	3,655	1,855	1,800	3.0	3.1	2.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,985	1,420	1,570	2.4	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,115	535	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	1,155	595	565	0.9	1.0	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,715	1,350	1,370	2.2	2.2	2.2
Russian	2,270	1,060	1,210	1.8	1.8	1.9
Norwegian	1,370	675	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
Welsh	2,740	1,395	1,340	2.2	2.3	2.1
Portuguese	1,065	525	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	2,025	970	1,055	1.6	1.6	1.7
Spanish	1,405	645	765	1.1	1.1	1.2
Swedish	1,240	625	620	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hungarian	1,275	630	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	1,075	535	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	545	315	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,220	630	590	1.0	1.0	0.9
Jewish	2,675	1,295	1,380	2.2	2.1	2.2
Punjabi	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	1,465	700	755	1.2	1.2	1.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,180	620	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
Greek	1,240	675	565	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jamaican	685	320	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	460	185	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	290	120	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	755	310	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Romanian	875	370	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Lebanese	1,590	800	790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Iranian	920	415	500	0.7	0.7	0.8
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	530	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	880	390	490	0.7	0.6	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	510	230	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	820	460	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgian	670	340	330	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian	505	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	430	200	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	780	375	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	685	355	330	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	245	150	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	495	215	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	610	270	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	345	195	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	600	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	295	165	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	605	310	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	455	220	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombian	315	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	655	295	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	495	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	490	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	575	290	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	525	285	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	295	100	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkish	460	255	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	250	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Algerian	170	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	310	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Armenian	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	420	185	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	660	290	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Somali	650	340	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Taiwanese	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	275	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	305	190	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	425	180	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	530	235	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
South African	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	285	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	525	245	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Nova Scotian	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	340	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	145	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	455	230	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Brunswicker	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	300	165	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
African Canadian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	260	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuban	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	75	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	530	285	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Argentinian	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	195	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	120	95	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igorot	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tajik	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	123,625	60,385	63,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,555	695	860	1.3	1.2	1.4
Christian	52,205	23,615	28,595	42.2	39.1	45.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,940	2,635	3,310	4.8	4.4	5.2
Anabaptist	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anglican	5,440	2,450	2,990	4.4	4.1	4.7
Baptist	595	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catholic	28,255	12,900	15,350	22.9	21.4	24.3
Christian Orthodox	2,235	1,045	1,190	1.8	1.7	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	740	355	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	705	295	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	1,220	550	675	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	4,175	1,775	2,400	3.4	2.9	3.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,150	1,025	1,130	1.7	1.7	1.8
Hindu	1,690	875	820	1.4	1.4	1.3
Jewish	2,485	1,245	1,245	2.0	2.1	2.0
Muslim	5,880	3,125	2,750	4.8	5.2	4.3
Sikh	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,425	550	875	1.2	0.9	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	57,960	30,070	27,890	46.9	49.8	44.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	122,810	59,980	62,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,440	48,690	50,750	81.0	81.2	80.8
Movers	23,370	11,290	12,085	19.0	18.8	19.2
Non-migrants	16,670	8,025	8,635	13.6	13.4	13.7
Migrants	6,705	3,265	3,440	5.5	5.4	5.5
Internal migrants	4,915	2,330	2,585	4.0	3.9	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,970	1,410	1,560	2.4	2.4	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,940	920	1,025	1.6	1.5	1.6
External migrants	1,790	935	860	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	119,095	58,095	61,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,405	29,335	31,075	50.7	50.5	50.9
Movers	58,685	28,760	29,925	49.3	49.5	49.1
Non-migrants	32,195	16,030	16,160	27.0	27.6	26.5
Migrants	26,490	12,725	13,765	22.2	21.9	22.6
Internal migrants	18,880	8,900	9,975	15.9	15.3	16.4
Intraprovincial migrants	11,395	5,390	6,005	9.6	9.3	9.8
Interprovincial migrants	7,480	3,510	3,965	6.3	6.0	6.5
External migrants	7,615	3,825	3,790	6.4	6.6	6.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,315	53,090	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,615	4,775	4,835	8.8	9.0	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	99,705	48,310	51,395	91.2	91.0	91.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,225	36,240	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,400	1,880	1,525	4.6	5.2	4.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,830	34,370	35,460	95.4	94.8	95.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,315	53,085	56,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,740	4,285	4,455	8.0	8.1	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,375	9,955	9,425	17.7	18.8	16.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,200	38,845	42,355	74.3	73.2	75.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,940	8,850	9,095	16.4	16.7	16.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,360	1,470	895	2.2	2.8	1.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,295	705	590	1.2	1.3	1.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,065	765	300	1.0	1.4	0.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,975	6,645	7,335	12.8	12.5	13.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,600	735	870	1.5	1.4	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	63,260	29,995	33,260	57.9	56.5	59.2
Bachelor's degree	34,110	16,140	17,970	31.2	30.4	32.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,980	1,255	1,720	2.7	2.4	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,775	895	885	1.6	1.7	1.6
Master's degree	20,145	9,245	10,905	18.4	17.4	19.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,245	2,460	1,780	3.9	4.6	3.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,230	36,245	36,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,840	1,575	1,260	3.9	4.3	3.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,985	5,145	3,835	12.3	14.2	10.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,405	29,520	31,885	83.9	81.4	86.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,660	6,650	6,010	17.3	18.3	16.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,615	1,030	585	2.2	2.8	1.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	850	475	380	1.2	1.3	1.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	765	555	205	1.0	1.5	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,090	5,100	4,990	13.8	14.1	13.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	955	520	435	1.3	1.4	1.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	48,745	22,870	25,875	66.6	63.1	70.0
Bachelor's degree	25,145	12,005	13,140	34.3	33.1	35.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,245	890	1,350	3.1	2.5	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,415	630	785	1.9	1.7	2.1
Master's degree	16,765	7,570	9,190	22.9	20.9	24.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,175	1,765	1,415	4.3	4.9	3.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	109,315	53,085	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,115	14,240	13,875	25.7	26.8	24.7
Education	3,355	800	2,555	3.1	1.5	4.5
13. Education	3,355	800	2,555	3.1	1.5	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,480	1,530	1,950	3.2	2.9	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	320	220	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,170	1,310	1,860	2.9	2.5	3.3
Humanities	7,270	2,990	4,280	6.7	5.6	7.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,145	285	855	1.0	0.5	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	2,035	680	1,355	1.9	1.3	2.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	955	365	590	0.9	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	820	555	270	0.8	1.0	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	1,505	830	675	1.4	1.6	1.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	375	70	305	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20,775	8,645	12,125	19.0	16.3	21.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	455	145	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,690	970	1,720	2.5	1.8	3.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	140	865	0.9	0.3	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	3,310	1,485	1,825	3.0	2.8	3.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	850	400	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
42. Psychology	2,605	695	1,905	2.4	1.3	3.4
45. Social sciences	9,865	4,815	5,050	9.0	9.1	9.0
Business, management and public administration	14,330	6,845	7,485	13.1	12.9	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,680	950	1,720	2.5	1.8	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,650	5,895	5,760	10.7	11.1	10.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,010	2,510	2,505	4.6	4.7	4.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,685	1,130	1,555	2.5	2.1	2.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	590	285	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	30	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,560	1,050	515	1.4	2.0	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,870	3,245	1,625	4.5	6.1	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,385	2,580	805	3.1	4.9	1.4
25. Library science	560	125	435	0.5	0.2	0.8
27. Mathematics and statistics	755	430	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	165	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,260	8,105	2,160	9.4	15.3	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	1,265	690	570	1.2	1.3	1.0
14. Engineering	6,030	4,705	1,325	5.5	8.9	2.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,525	1,335	185	1.4	2.5	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	685	675	10	0.6	1.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	440	410	25	0.4	0.8	0.0
48. Precision production	290	275	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,285	555	730	1.2	1.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	185	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	885	365	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Health and related fields	8,465	2,430	6,040	7.7	4.6	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	855	440	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,890	1,650	5,245	6.3	3.1	9.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	695	345	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,075	1,175	895	1.9	2.2	1.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,265	560	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	125	105	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	295	165	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	190	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,225	36,245	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,825	6,725	5,100	16.1	18.6	13.8
Education	2,225	570	1,660	3.0	1.6	4.5
13. Education	2,225	570	1,660	3.0	1.6	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,700	1,230	1,470	3.7	3.4	4.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	185	75	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,445	1,055	1,395	3.3	2.9	3.8
Humanities	5,115	2,095	3,025	7.0	5.8	8.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	820	215	605	1.1	0.6	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	1,435	485	950	2.0	1.3	2.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	690	270	415	0.9	0.7	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	635	435	195	0.9	1.2	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	1,040	540	500	1.4	1.5	1.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250	35	210	0.3	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,205	6,720	9,485	22.1	18.5	25.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	390	105	285	0.5	0.3	0.8
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,240	815	1,425	3.1	2.2	3.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	100	585	0.9	0.3	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	2,675	1,095	1,585	3.7	3.0	4.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	640	310	330	0.9	0.9	0.9
42. Psychology	1,890	525	1,365	2.6	1.4	3.7
45. Social sciences	7,680	3,765	3,920	10.5	10.4	10.6
Business, management and public administration	11,025	5,365	5,660	15.1	14.8	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,170	830	1,340	3.0	2.3	3.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,855	4,535	4,320	12.1	12.5	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,880	1,900	1,980	5.3	5.2	5.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,155	880	1,275	2.9	2.4	3.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400	200	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	20	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,175	785	395	1.6	2.2	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,870	2,625	1,245	5.3	7.2	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,835	2,175	665	3.9	6.0	1.8
25. Library science	375	85	290	0.5	0.2	0.8
27. Mathematics and statistics	560	300	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,590	5,895	1,690	10.4	16.3	4.6
04. Architecture and related services	895	460	440	1.2	1.3	1.2
14. Engineering	4,650	3,590	1,060	6.4	9.9	2.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,070	930	140	1.5	2.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	485	475	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	290	270	15	0.4	0.7	0.0
48. Precision production	185	170	15	0.3	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,020	410	610	1.4	1.1	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	765	315	450	1.0	0.9	1.2
Health and related fields	6,145	1,755	4,390	8.4	4.8	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	630	310	310	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,975	1,210	3,765	6.8	3.3	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	525	230	295	0.7	0.6	0.8
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,620	960	665	2.2	2.6	1.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	965	455	515	1.3	1.3	1.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	255	135	0.5	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	155	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,225	36,245	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,825	6,725	5,100	16.1	18.6	13.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,405	29,520	31,880	83.9	81.4	86.2
Location of study inside Canada	51,975	24,905	27,070	71.0	68.7	73.2
Same as province or territory of residence	40,880	19,615	21,270	55.8	54.1	57.5
Different than province or territory of residence	11,095	5,295	5,800	15.2	14.6	15.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,430	4,610	4,810	12.9	12.7	13.0
Americas	2,660	1,390	1,275	3.6	3.8	3.4
United States of America	1,995	1,065	925	2.7	2.9	2.5
Mexico	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	20	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	20	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	3,425	1,770	1,655	4.7	4.9	4.5
Belgium	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	455	220	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
Germany	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	120	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,555	845	715	2.1	2.3	1.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	420	230	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Africa	725	350	370	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	355	185	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Asia	2,290	955	1,345	3.1	2.6	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	230	95	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	345	135	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	275	85	190	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	505	255	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	255	105	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	325	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Australia	240	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
New Zealand	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	109,315	53,085	56,225	...	...	...
In the labour force	76,195	38,450	37,745	...	...	...
Employed	68,610	34,720	33,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,585	3,730	3,855	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,120	14,635	18,485	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.7	72.4	67.1	69.7	72.4	67.1
Employment rate	62.8	65.4	60.3	62.8	65.4	60.3
Unemployment rate	10.0	9.7	10.2	10.0	9.7	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	109,315	53,085	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,845	14,625	18,220	30.0	27.6	32.4
Worked	76,475	38,460	38,010	70.0	72.4	67.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	45,430	23,830	21,600	41.6	44.9	38.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,040	14,630	16,410	28.4	27.6	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	41.9	42.4	42.9	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	76,195	38,455	37,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,735	915	820	2.3	2.4	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	74,465	37,540	36,930	97.7	97.6	97.8
Employee	65,040	32,140	32,895	85.4	83.6	87.2
Permanent position	51,855	26,140	25,710	68.1	68.0	68.1
Temporary position	13,185	6,005	7,185	17.3	15.6	19.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,685	2,615	3,065	7.5	6.8	8.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,500	3,385	4,120	9.8	8.8	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,425	5,395	4,030	12.4	14.0	10.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	76,195	38,455	37,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,735	915	820	2.3	2.4	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	74,465	37,540	36,930	97.7	97.6	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,745	1,095	650	2.3	2.8	1.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,315	6,095	9,225	20.1	15.8	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,950	7,815	3,140	14.4	20.3	8.3
3 Health occupations	5,340	1,645	3,690	7.0	4.3	9.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	18,525	7,630	10,895	24.3	19.8	28.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,210	1,905	2,310	5.5	5.0	6.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,995	6,705	6,290	17.1	17.4	16.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,330	3,855	475	5.7	10.0	1.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470	375	95	0.6	1.0	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	575	415	165	0.8	1.1	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	76,195	38,455	37,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,735	915	820	2.3	2.4	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	74,465	37,540	36,930	97.7	97.6	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	140	105	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
23 Construction	2,320	1,925	395	3.0	5.0	1.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,675	1,220	455	2.2	3.2	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	900	625	270	1.2	1.6	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,365	2,665	2,705	7.0	6.9	7.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,545	1,230	310	2.0	3.2	0.8
51 Information and cultural industries	2,400	1,395	1,000	3.1	3.6	2.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,430	1,440	985	3.2	3.7	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,410	845	560	1.9	2.2	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,280	6,140	4,140	13.5	16.0	11.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,495	1,565	930	3.3	4.1	2.5
61 Educational services	6,450	2,455	4,000	8.5	6.4	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	8,220	2,370	5,855	10.8	6.2	15.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,680	830	850	2.2	2.2	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,115	2,115	1,995	5.4	5.5	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,120	1,215	1,910	4.1	3.2	5.1
91 Public administration	19,570	9,190	10,380	25.7	23.9	27.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	80,705	40,515	40,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,995	31,355	28,640	74.3	77.4	71.3
French	965	385	580	1.2	1.0	1.4
Non-official language	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	17,765	7,860	9,905	22.0	19.4	24.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,275	605	670	1.6	1.5	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	415	185	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	80,705	40,515	40,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	78,480	39,545	38,930	97.2	97.6	96.9
Official languages	77,985	39,325	38,650	96.6	97.1	96.2
English	75,580	38,335	37,240	93.6	94.6	92.6
French	2,405	990	1,410	3.0	2.4	3.5
Non-official languages	495	220	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	210	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,225	965	1,260	2.8	2.4	3.1
English and French	1,955	850	1,100	2.4	2.1	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	225	95	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	80,705	40,515	40,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,365	32,775	30,590	78.5	80.9	76.1
English	1,610	670	945	2.0	1.7	2.4
French	14,455	6,450	8,000	17.9	15.9	19.9
Non-official language	895	455	440	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	850	430	420	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	285	110	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	68,610	34,725	33,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	37,645	18,220	19,425	54.9	52.5	57.3
Worked outside Canada	265	175	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	3,490	2,530	960	5.1	7.3	2.8
Usual place of work	27,215	13,795	13,415	39.7	39.7	39.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,215	13,800	13,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,490	12,785	12,705	93.7	92.6	94.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	650	420	230	2.4	3.0	1.7
Commute to a different province or territory	1,075	600	480	4.0	4.3	3.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,705	16,330	14,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,685	9,495	7,190	54.3	58.1	50.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,755	8,765	5,990	48.1	53.7	41.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,930	730	1,195	6.3	4.5	8.3
Public transit	4,665	2,165	2,500	15.2	13.3	17.4
Walked	6,615	3,120	3,490	21.5	19.1	24.3
Bicycle	1,580	1,020	555	5.1	6.2	3.9
Other method	1,165	530	635	3.8	3.2	4.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,705	16,330	14,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,255	5,365	4,885	33.4	32.9	34.0
15 to 29 minutes	13,545	7,290	6,255	44.1	44.6	43.5
30 to 44 minutes	4,465	2,365	2,100	14.5	14.5	14.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,200	605	600	3.9	3.7	4.2
60 minutes and over	1,235	700	535	4.0	4.3	3.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,705	16,330	14,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,130	840	290	3.7	5.1	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,080	2,430	1,650	13.3	14.9	11.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,590	3,950	3,640	24.7	24.2	25.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,720	4,210	4,510	28.4	25.8	31.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,990	2,645	2,350	16.3	16.2	16.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,190	2,250	1,935	13.6	13.8	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,525	8,905	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,335	2,630	2,705	30.4	29.5	31.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,190	6,275	5,915	69.6	70.5	68.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,690	6,450	6,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,815	1,855	1,965	30.1	28.8	31.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,515	1,180	1,340	19.8	18.3	21.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,295	670	625	10.2	10.4	10.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,875	4,595	4,280	69.9	71.2	68.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table