Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Moody, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,535	...	...
Population, 2016¹	33,551	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,603	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,109	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,297.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	25.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,535	16,475	17,065
0 to 14 years	5,520	2,900	2,620
0 to 4 years	1,595	835	760
5 to 9 years	1,830	950	885
10 to 14 years	2,090	1,115	975
15 to 64 years	23,175	11,310	11,865
15 to 19 years	2,055	1,060	995
20 to 24 years	1,745	925	815
25 to 29 years	1,745	885	860
30 to 34 years	2,310	1,150	1,160
35 to 39 years	2,480	1,200	1,275
40 to 44 years	2,555	1,175	1,380
45 to 49 years	2,720	1,300	1,420
50 to 54 years	2,735	1,295	1,440
55 to 59 years	2,635	1,270	1,360
60 to 64 years	2,200	1,060	1,140
65 years and over	4,840	2,260	2,580
65 to 69 years	1,655	780	875
70 to 74 years	1,285	615	665
75 to 79 years	910	410	495
80 to 84 years	585	275	305
85 years and over	415	180	235
85 to 89 years	275	135	140
90 to 94 years	105	35	70
95 to 99 years	30	10	20
100 years and over	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.6	15.4
15 to 64 years	69.1	68.6	69.5
65 years and over	14.4	13.7	15.1
85 years and over	1.2	1.1	1.4
Average age of the population	40.7	39.8	41.6
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,110	...	...
Single-detached house	3,940	...	...
Semi-detached house	405	...	...
Row house	2,605	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,045	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,895	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,110	...	...
1 person	2,950	...	...
2 persons	4,400	...	...
3 persons	2,545	...	...
4 persons	2,355	...	...
5 or more persons	860	...	...
Number of persons in private households	33,455	16,435	17,020
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,020	13,570	14,445
Married or living common-law	17,575	8,735	8,845
Married	14,880	7,385	7,495
Living common-law	2,695	1,345	1,345
Living common law - Never married	2,030	1,010	1,020
Living common law - Separated	85	45	40
Living common law - Divorced	530	270	265
Living common law - Widowed	45	25	15
Not married and not living common-law	10,440	4,840	5,605
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,090	3,815	3,280
Not married and not living common law - Separated	700	285	410
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,675	535	1,140
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	980	205	775
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,020	...	...
2 persons	4,640	...	...
3 persons	2,500	...	...
4 persons	2,310	...	...
5 or more persons	570	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,020	...	...
Total couple families	8,630	...	...
Married couples	7,280	...	...
With children⁶	4,425	...	...
Without children	2,860	...	...
Common-law couples	1,345	...	...
With children⁶	405	...	...
Without children	940	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,390	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,095	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	295	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	33,450	16,435	17,020
Total - Persons in census families	28,990	14,470	14,525
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,255	8,625	8,635
Parents in one-parent families	1,395	295	1,100
Children⁶	10,340	5,550	4,790
In a two-parent family	8,295	4,425	3,870
In a one-parent family	2,045	1,125	920
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,465	1,970	2,495
Living alone	2,945	1,255	1,690
Living with other relatives⁷	660	240	420
Living with non-relatives only	855	480	380
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,105	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,990	...	...
Couple-family households	7,820	...	...
With children⁶	4,445	...	...
Without children	3,375	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,170	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	320	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	370	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	385	...	...
One-person households	2,945	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,935	13,540	14,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,940	13,050	13,890
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	62,000	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,965	13,060	13,905
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	54,000	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,050	12,290	12,760
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	60,800	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,490	10,350	10,135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	65,000	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,050	8,670	11,380
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,050	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,955	820	1,135
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,440	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,645	3,130	3,525
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,940	13,540	14,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,015	13,050	13,970
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,800	82,800	55,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,035	13,050	13,985
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,600	65,100	46,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,135	12,330	12,810
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,300	81,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,490	10,365	10,125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,000	82,400	53,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,110	8,620	11,490
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,570	9,430	9,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,880	795	1,080
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,440	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,755	3,060	3,690
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	9,150	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,940	13,540	14,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,810	6,060	4,750
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	91,000	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,300	115,100	81,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,470	3,360	4,115
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,440	39,600	30,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.6	92.4	85.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.0	79.0	69.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.4	7.5	14.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.1	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.6	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,940	13,535	14,400
Without total income	995	490	505
With total income	26,940	13,050	13,890
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,695	1,100	1,595
$10,000 to $19,999	2,510	1,015	1,495
$20,000 to $29,999	3,040	1,265	1,780
$30,000 to $39,999	2,510	1,020	1,490
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330	935	1,395
$50,000 to $59,999	2,240	990	1,255
$60,000 to $69,999	1,960	900	1,065
$70,000 to $79,999	1,630	810	820
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	800	715
$90,000 to $99,999	1,305	725	580
$100,000 and over	5,205	3,500	1,705
$100,000 to $149,999	3,285	2,055	1,235
$150,000 and over	1,915	1,440	475
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,940	13,535	14,400
Without after-tax income	975	480	495
With after-tax income	26,965	13,060	13,905
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,805	1,130	1,675
$10,000 to $19,999	2,570	1,045	1,525
$20,000 to $29,999	3,495	1,450	2,050
$30,000 to $39,999	2,895	1,160	1,730
$40,000 to $49,999	2,885	1,255	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	2,620	1,170	1,450
$60,000 to $69,999	2,145	1,100	1,045
$70,000 to $79,999	1,895	1,030	860
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	855	655
$90,000 to $99,999	1,050	640	410
$100,000 and over	3,095	2,220	880
$100,000 to $124,999	1,570	1,055	510
$125,000 and over	1,530	1,160	370
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,940	13,535	14,400
Without employment income	7,445	3,185	4,260
With employment income	20,490	10,350	10,140
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,570	1,135	1,430
$5,000 to $9,999	1,365	595	770
$10,000 to $19,999	1,780	710	1,070
$20,000 to $29,999	1,290	525	765
$30,000 to $39,999	1,355	615	740
$40,000 to $49,999	1,410	570	840
$50,000 to $59,999	1,485	670	815
$60,000 to $69,999	1,405	660	745
$70,000 to $79,999	1,255	655	600
$80,000 to $89,999	1,225	645	580
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	625	495
$100,000 and over	4,245	2,960	1,285
$100,000 to $124,999	1,730	1,065	670
$125,000 and over	2,510	1,890	615
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,935	13,540	14,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,135	12,630	13,505
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,400	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,205	12,650	13,555
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,200	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,715	12,100	12,610
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	62,000	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,930	10,490	10,440
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	64,000	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,135	5,965	9,165
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,640	2,240	4,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,360	540	820
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,080	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,940	13,540	14,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,105	12,600	13,510
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,900	80,900	51,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,165	12,610	13,550
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,050	63,450	43,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,780	12,105	12,675
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000	80,700	50,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,020	10,510	10,510
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,700	79,700	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,180	5,920	9,260
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,180	7,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,385	540	850
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,620	5,860	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,940	13,540	14,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,720	5,995	4,720
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000	88,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,500	108,900	73,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,125	3,205	3,925
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	30,200	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,200	47,560	34,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.6	95.8	90.6
Employment income (%)	79.0	82.2	74.4
Government transfers (%)	6.3	4.2	9.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,110	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,945	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,110	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	141,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,940	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,175	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	161,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,110	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	245	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	195	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	230	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	315	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	335	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	705	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	730	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	750	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	670	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,540	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,600	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,430	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,035	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,480	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,110	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	265	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	385	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	395	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	865	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	880	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	835	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	835	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,475	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,885	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,460	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,130	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,930	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,465	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,855	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,320	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,805	1,730	2,070
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,400	60,800	51,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	52,000	45,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,925	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	161,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,415	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,840	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	192,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,330	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,745	1,705	2,045
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,800	70,400	65,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,850	57,900	54,150
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	33,455	16,440	17,020
0 to 17 years	6,765	3,520	3,240
0 to 5 years	1,935	1,020	920
18 to 64 years	21,915	10,685	11,235
65 years and over	4,775	2,235	2,540
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,330	1,050	1,280
0 to 17 years	530	265	270
0 to 5 years	115	65	50
18 to 64 years	1,380	610	765
65 years and over	420	175	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.0	6.4	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.4	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.6	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	5.7	6.8
65 years and over (%)	8.9	7.9	9.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	33,450	16,435	17,015
0 to 17 years	6,765	3,520	3,245
0 to 5 years	1,935	1,015	920
18 to 64 years	21,920	10,685	11,230
65 years and over	4,770	2,235	2,540
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,545	705	840
0 to 17 years	325	155	170
0 to 5 years	60	35	25
18 to 64 years	1,045	490	560
65 years and over	180	65	115
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.3	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.4	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.6	5.0
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.0	4.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	33,455	16,440	17,020
In bottom half of the distribution	10,605	4,945	5,660
In bottom decile	2,200	995	1,205
In second decile	1,795	835	960
In third decile	2,030	965	1,065
In fourth decile	2,200	1,025	1,175
In fifth decile	2,380	1,125	1,255
In top half of the distribution	22,850	11,495	11,355
In sixth decile	2,890	1,420	1,470
In seventh decile	3,530	1,735	1,790
In eighth decile	4,190	2,100	2,090
In ninth decile	5,370	2,740	2,630
In top decile	6,870	3,495	3,375
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	33,450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.291	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,460	16,440	17,020
English only	30,165	14,980	15,185
French only	10	5	0
English and French	2,670	1,180	1,485
Neither English nor French	620	275	345
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,460	16,440	17,020
English	32,310	15,915	16,395
French	340	165	175
English and French	200	90	110
Neither English nor French	610	260	345
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,460	16,440	17,020
Single responses	32,275	15,865	16,410
Official languages	22,665	11,530	11,140
English	22,335	11,370	10,970
French	325	160	165
Non-official languages	9,610	4,335	5,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,605	4,335	5,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	160	125
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	285	160	125
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	235	125	105
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	30	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	25	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5
Vietnamese	60	25	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	360	135	220
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10
Fijian	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	40	15	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	100	165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	5
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,590	2,165	2,430
Albanian	5	0	5
Armenian	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,175	560	615
Baltic languages	25	10	15
Latvian	10	0	5
Lithuanian	20	10	10
Slavic languages	1,150	545	600
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	20	25
Czech	65	35	30
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	260	105	155
Russian	455	215	235
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	205	110	90
Bosnian	15	10	5
Croatian	110	60	45
Serbian	75	40	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Slovak	60	30	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	55	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	460	215	245
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	265	135	135
German	260	135	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	70
Afrikaans	45	25	25
Dutch	80	35	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	60	20	35
Danish	30	15	15
Icelandic	10	0	5
Norwegian	10	5	10
Swedish	10	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,465	705	760
Indo-Aryan languages	295	140	160
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	85	40	50
Hindi	50	25	25
Kacchi	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,165	560	605
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	15	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	1,120	540	580
Dari	65	25	40
Iranian Persian	980	475	505
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	40	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,425	650	775
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	235	110	125
Portuguese	235	100	130
Romanian	285	140	140
Spanish	670	295	375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	190	50	140
Korean	1,405	615	785
Mongolian	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,440	1,060	1,375
Chinese languages	2,435	1,060	1,375
Hakka	25	15	15
Mandarin	1,495	650	840
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	810	350	460
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5
Burmese	5	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	25	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25
Azerbaijani	15	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Uralic languages	125	50	75
Estonian	5	0	10
Finnish	30	10	25
Hungarian	85	40	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,185	575	615
English and French	95	45	50
English and non-official language(s)	950	465	485
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	45
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,460	16,440	17,020
English	23,690	11,920	11,775
French	60	25	35
Non-official language	2,820	1,305	1,510
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,820	1,305	1,510
English and French	280	135	145
English and non-official language(s)	6,235	2,895	3,340
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	75	130
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	80
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,460	16,440	17,020
Single responses	32,215	15,855	16,355
Official languages	26,835	13,345	13,490
English	26,735	13,300	13,435
French	95	40	55
Non-official languages	5,380	2,515	2,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,380	2,515	2,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	85	75
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	85	75
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	140	80	65
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	60	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	20	10	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,115	1,010	1,105
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	535	265	270
Baltic languages	20	10	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5
Slavic languages	520	260	265
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	15
Czech	10	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	115	55	65
Russian	275	135	135
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	40	30
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	25	10	10
Serbian	40	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	35	40
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	10	20
German	30	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	20
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	15	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	865	410	460
Indo-Aryan languages	110	55	60
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	25	10	15
Hindi	15	10	5
Kacchi	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	755	355	400
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	5	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	735	345	390
Dari	30	15	20
Iranian Persian	655	305	350
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	625	295	335
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20
Portuguese	120	55	65
Romanian	115	55	60
Spanish	360	165	195
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	25	40
Korean	1,110	505	605
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,670	760	910
Chinese languages	1,665	760	905
Hakka	10	5	5
Mandarin	1,105	490	615
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	505	240	260
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5
Burmese	5	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	20	10
Azerbaijani	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	30	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,245	585	660
English and French	50	20	30
English and non-official language(s)	1,180	555	625
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,460	16,440	17,020
None	27,655	13,760	13,890
English	2,200	1,035	1,165
French	250	125	125
Non-official language	2,720	1,250	1,470
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,720	1,245	1,475
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	215	100	120
French and non-official language(s)	125	40	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	270	115	150
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	33,455	16,435	17,020
Official languages	32,790	16,135	16,655
English	32,780	16,130	16,650
French	2,555	1,065	1,490
Non-official languages	12,565	5,790	6,775
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,540	5,780	6,760
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	315	210
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	525	315	210
Amharic	15	0	10
Arabic	375	220	155
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	120	80	50
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	20	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	25	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	590	250	340
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	15
Fijian	25	0	20
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	25	10	10
Indonesian	90	45	50
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	30	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	185	250
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	15	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10
Telugu	15	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,550	3,075	3,475
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,600	730	870
Baltic languages	55	25	30
Latvian	15	0	15
Lithuanian	40	25	15
Slavic languages	1,575	715	860
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	0	15
Czech	90	40	50
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	395	150	245
Russian	705	335	370
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	260	125	135
Bosnian	55	25	25
Croatian	150	65	80
Serbian	115	60	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Slovak	85	50	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20
Ukrainian	165	75	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10
Irish	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	840	385	455
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	490	240	250
German	490	240	250
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325	130	195
Afrikaans	165	75	90
Dutch	150	60	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	35
Danish	25	10	20
Icelandic	10	0	0
Norwegian	25	15	10
Swedish	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	65	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages	1,970	960	1,010
Indo-Aryan languages	630	265	365
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	20	25
Gujarati	155	70	85
Hindi	325	145	185
Kacchi	50	20	30
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	35	10	25
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	40	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	110	50	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,375	715	660
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	50	30	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	1,340	695	645
Dari	140	60	80
Iranian Persian	1,130	585	545
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	55	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,330	1,065	1,265
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	525	255	270
Portuguese	295	105	190
Romanian	395	205	185
Spanish	1,305	580	730
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	425	155	270
Korean	1,540	685	855
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	35	20	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	30	35
American Sign Language	65	30	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,905	1,335	1,570
Chinese languages	2,890	1,330	1,565
Hakka	45	20	25
Mandarin	2,085	945	1,140
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	40	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,235	585	650
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	30	20
Lao	10	10	0
Thai	35	15	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	140	75	70
Azerbaijani	40	20	20
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	115	60	55
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	170	85	90
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	60	15	45
Hungarian	110	70	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,455	16,435	17,020
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,030	525	505
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	975	490	480
First Nations (North American Indian)	480	225	255
Métis	490	265	225
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	25	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	32,425	15,910	16,510
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,455	16,435	17,020
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	285	130	155
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,165	16,305	16,865
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,110	...	...
Owner	9,905	...	...
Renter	3,210	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,110	...	...
Condominium	5,365	...	...
Not condominium	7,740	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,110	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...
1 bedroom	1,335	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,950	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,335	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,110	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,435	...	...
5 rooms	2,145	...	...
6 rooms	1,745	...	...
7 rooms	1,355	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,425	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,110	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,865	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,110	...	...
Suitable	12,580	...	...
Not suitable	525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,110	...	...
1960 or before	900	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,435	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,470	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,330	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,480	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,245	...	...
2011 to 2015	730	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,110	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,460	...	...
Major repairs needed	655	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,110	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,740	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,685	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	685	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,110	...	...
15 to 24 years	125	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,565	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,625	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,080	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,830	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,760	...	...
75 to 84 years	875	...	...
85 years and over	240	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,080	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,865	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,110	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,695	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,545	...	...
Not suitable only	370	...	...
Major repairs needed only	440	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,415	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,730	...	...
In core need	1,375	...	...
Not in core need	11,355	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,900	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,111,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,205	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	33,455	16,440	17,015
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	170	85	85
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	160	75	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	50	65
Métis single ancestry	40	25	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	940	435	505
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	880	410	475
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	500	235	270
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	175	205
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	32,340	15,920	16,425
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	33,450	16,440	17,015
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,275	15,005	15,270
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,220	3,265	2,960
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,055	11,735	12,315
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,180	1,435	1,750
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	33,450	16,440	17,015
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,790	11,035	10,760
Immigrants⁸¹	11,105	5,150	5,960
Before 1980	1,775	810	965
1980 to 1990	1,150	530	620
1991 to 2000	2,445	1,130	1,315
2001 to 2010	3,135	1,460	1,675
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,605	1,215	1,390
2011 to 2015	1,415	670	745
2016 to 2021	1,185	540	645
Non-permanent residents⁸³	560	260	300
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,105	5,145	5,960
Under 5 years	1,075	515	565
5 to 14 years	1,980	1,010	970
15 to 24 years	1,535	720	810
25 to 44 years	5,485	2,410	3,075
45 years and over	1,030	490	540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,105	5,145	5,960
Americas	1,245	540	705
Brazil	120	30	85
Colombia	30	15	15
El Salvador	40	20	20
Guyana	15	0	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	10	25
Mexico	200	70	125
Peru	55	20	40
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10
United States of America	530	260	265
Other places of birth in Americas	205	95	110
Europe	3,135	1,535	1,605
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	30	35
Croatia	60	25	35
France	75	20	50
Germany	160	90	70
Greece	25	0	20
Hungary	55	30	25
Italy	125	65	60
Netherlands	80	35	40
Poland	275	95	175
Portugal	35	25	10
Romania	290	150	145
Russian Federation	285	135	150
Serbia⁸⁶	40	25	15
Ukraine	160	80	80
United Kingdom⁸⁷	935	475	465
Other places of birth in Europe	465	225	240
Africa	540	250	285
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0
Egypt	20	10	10
Eritrea	10	0	10
Ethiopia	15	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	250	105	145
Other places of birth in Africa	235	115	115
Asia	5,950	2,710	3,235
Afghanistan	110	40	65
Iran⁸⁸	990	515	475
Iraq	105	55	45
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	20
Turkey	50	20	30
China⁹⁰	1,145	515	635
Hong Kong⁹¹	515	245	270
Korea, South⁹²	1,160	505	655
Taiwan	235	110	125
Philippines	430	185	245
Viet Nam	80	25	50
Bangladesh	25	15	15
India	235	95	140
Pakistan	60	35	25
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	760	335	430
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	235	115	120
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,185	540	645
Americas	170	90	80
Brazil	35	10	25
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0
United States of America	80	40	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	0
Europe	240	110	125
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0
Italy	15	0	10
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Ukraine	45	20	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	40	55
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25
Africa	75	30	50
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	35
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	655	295	365
Afghanistan	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	140	65	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0
India	70	25	50
Iran⁸⁸	115	70	50
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	130	50	80
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	60	20	40
Saudi Arabia	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20
Oceania and other⁹³	45	20	20
Australia	25	20	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	33,455	16,435	17,020
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,070	5,600	6,470
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,340	4,300	4,040
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,040	6,530	6,510
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,330	4,335	4,995
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,055	3,050	3,010
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,260	1,425	835
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,800	1,620	2,175
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,210	775	1,440
Refugees¹⁰⁸	995	485	505
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	25	40
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,330	4,335	4,995
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	250	160	95
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,125	485	640
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	530	260	270
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	505	230	275
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,895	3,205	3,685
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	33,455	16,435	17,020
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,930	5,165	5,760
South Asian	1,005	460	550
Chinese	3,675	1,725	1,945
Black	395	205	185
Filipino	675	330	350
Arab	285	170	110
Latin American	580	230	350
Southeast Asian	280	140	140
West Asian	1,300	695	605
Korean	1,625	730	890
Japanese	465	175	290
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	140	50	95
Multiple visible minorities	515	260	250
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	22,525	11,270	11,250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	33,455	16,435	17,015
Canadian	3,130	1,655	1,475
English	7,515	3,785	3,735
Irish	4,185	2,050	2,140
Scottish	5,465	2,565	2,900
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,995	955	1,035
German	3,245	1,650	1,600
Chinese	3,515	1,640	1,880
Italian	2,115	1,115	1,000
Indian (India)	695	345	355
Ukrainian	1,530	705	830
Dutch	1,095	555	535
Polish	1,245	575	670
Québécois	35	20	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,365	680	685
Filipino	710	335	370
French Canadian	285	145	135
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	625	335	295
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	335	155	175
Métis	475	225	250
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	550	265	280
Russian	1,050	520	535
Norwegian	835	425	410
Welsh	735	350	390
Portuguese	285	125	155
American	555	260	290
Spanish	660	325	335
Swedish	615	320	290
Hungarian	410	210	200
Acadian	55	40	15
Pakistani	85	45	40
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	100	65	40
Jewish	315	175	145
Punjabi	70	25	40
Vietnamese	210	85	125
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	85	55
Greek	155	95	65
Jamaican	35	25	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	310	135	175
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	60	50
Korean	1,510	675	835
Romanian	540	285	250
Lebanese	45	20	25
Iranian	1,025	540	480
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	115	65	50
Danish	370	145	220
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	30	35
Sikh	25	10	15
Austrian	295	160	135
Belgian	165	70	90
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	105	50	55
Mexican	350	155	200
Mennonite	55	25	30
Swiss	75	25	55
Finnish	325	160	170
Sri Lankan	60	30	25
Croatian	320	160	160
Japanese	560	220	340
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65	30	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	255	120	135
Muslim	95	35	60
Egyptian	60	30	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	115	45	70
Tamil	10	0	10
Icelandic	220	115	110
Colombian	40	25	20
Moroccan	40	25	10
Czech	190	105	90
Syrian	50	25	25
Guyanese	30	10	20
Afghan	150	70	75
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	30	0
Serbian	140	65	75
Ojibway	35	20	15
Newfoundlander	20	10	10
Hong Konger	215	100	115
Ontarian	25	15	15
Persian	350	165	185
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	35	10
Turkish	100	45	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	10
Bangladeshi	35	10	30
Algerian	30	20	20
Brazilian	110	30	80
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	35	10	20
Slovak	140	70	65
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	50	80
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	235	130	100
Iraqi	35	20	15
Salvadorean	25	15	15
African Caribbean	30	0	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	100	45	55
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	60	45
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	65	30	35
South African	255	130	125
Australian	205	115	90
Palestinian	25	20	10
Chilean	35	10	30
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	10	10
Ethiopian	20	10	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	30	50
Peruvian	60	30	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	15	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	55	25	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	45	50
New Brunswicker	20	10	10
Gujarati	40	10	30
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	15	0
Israeli	105	70	40
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	75	50	30
Bulgarian	35	20	15
Albertan	10	10	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	45	20	30
African American	20	15	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	25	55
Cuban	15	0	10
Bosnian	100	55	45
Venezuelan	35	20	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	10	0
Indonesian	80	35	45
Laotian	15	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	40	20	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	40	30
British Columbian	135	60	75
Ecuadorian	10	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	75	30	40
Estonian	55	15	45
Kurdish	60	40	25
Fijian	40	15	25
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	55	20	35
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	65	35	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	10	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	140	85	55
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	95	55	35
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	15
Saskatchewanian	25	15	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	15	30
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	35	10	25
Kenyan	25	10	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	20	0	15
Jordanian	10	0	0
Manitoban	20	10	15
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	0	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	15	15
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	60	35	30
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	15	10	10
Mongolian	40	10	25
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	30	15	15
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	15	0	10
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	50	15	30
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	40	15	25
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	33,455	16,435	17,020
Buddhist	385	150	235
Christian	11,570	5,350	6,220
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,585	1,155	1,440
Anabaptist	50	25	20
Anglican	785	365	415
Baptist	225	105	120
Catholic	4,810	2,305	2,505
Christian Orthodox	575	315	260
Jehovah's Witness	70	30	40
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	300	120	175
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	25	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	235	90	150
Presbyterian	325	180	150
Reformed	45	20	20
United Church	875	335	540
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	630	270	360
Hindu	300	130	175
Jewish	215	110	105
Muslim	1,310	635	670
Sikh	80	35	40
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	10	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	420	190	230
No religion and secular perspectives	19,160	9,830	9,330
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	33,200	16,275	16,925
Non-movers	29,115	14,250	14,865
Movers	4,090	2,030	2,060
Non-migrants	1,520	785	735
Migrants	2,565	1,240	1,325
Internal migrants	2,255	1,090	1,170
Intraprovincial migrants	2,060	1,000	1,060
Interprovincial migrants	195	90	105
External migrants	310	150	155
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,910	15,560	16,350
Non-movers	20,060	9,760	10,300
Movers	11,855	5,805	6,050
Non-migrants	2,695	1,360	1,330
Migrants	9,160	4,445	4,720
Internal migrants	7,795	3,790	4,005
Intraprovincial migrants	6,855	3,330	3,525
Interprovincial migrants	940	460	475
External migrants	1,365	650	715
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,940	13,540	14,400
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,620	1,460	1,160
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,315	12,080	13,235
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,385	9,300	10,085
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	775	505	270
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,615	8,800	9,815
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,940	13,540	14,400
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,315	1,240	1,075
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,720	3,300	3,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,900	8,995	9,905
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,805	3,920	3,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,785	1,305	485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	695	355	345
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,090	955	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,940	2,165	2,770
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,080	455	630
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,095	5,075	6,020
Bachelor's degree	7,040	3,195	3,845
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	760	325	435
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	125	160
Master's degree	2,570	1,195	1,380
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	240	200
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,385	9,305	10,080
No certificate, diploma or degree	575	365	210
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,495	1,780	1,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,315	7,155	8,160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,925	2,965	2,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,315	945	365
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	540	275	265
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	775	675	100
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,770	1,685	2,080
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	845	335	505
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,390	4,190	5,200
Bachelor's degree	5,940	2,630	3,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	280	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	100	130
Master's degree	2,215	1,010	1,205
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	350	180	165
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,935	13,540	14,400
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,035	4,540	4,495
Education	1,210	320	890
13. Education	1,210	320	890
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985	440	540
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	85	55
50. Visual and performing arts	850	365	490
Humanities	1,015	295	720
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	30	170
23. English language and literature/letters	235	55	180
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	80	185
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	35	30
54. History	160	65	100
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,940	1,050	1,890
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	125	290
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	20	215
22. Legal professions and studies	375	135	245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	40	25
42. Psychology	645	135	510
45. Social sciences	1,165	585	580
Business, management and public administration	3,970	1,710	2,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	35	130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,790	1,665	2,125
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	500	455
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	220	235
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	65	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	295	195	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	990	700	285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	630	220
25. Library science	45	20	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	45	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,420	2,970	455
04. Architecture and related services	150	95	55
14. Engineering	1,375	1,125	250
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	690	570	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	650	630	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	320	315	0
48. Precision production	240	230	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	185	160
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	100	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	85	70
Health and related fields	2,380	485	1,895
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	125	100
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,065	320	1,740
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	35	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	690	340	350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	435	130	310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	135	100	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	110	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,385	9,300	10,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,070	2,140	1,925
Education	880	220	660
13. Education	880	220	660
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	845	365	485
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	70	40
50. Visual and performing arts	735	295	440
Humanities	810	230	580
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	20	145
23. English language and literature/letters	185	45	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	225	70	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	20
54. History	115	45	70
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,510	880	1,630
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	105	255
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205	15	190
22. Legal professions and studies	345	110	235
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	40	15
42. Psychology	540	105	435
45. Social sciences	985	495	485
Business, management and public administration	3,240	1,340	1,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	25	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,095	1,305	1,790
Physical and life sciences and technologies	760	405	355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	165	185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	60	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	230	165	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	605	250
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	560	185
25. Library science	30	10	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,695	2,290	405
04. Architecture and related services	135	80	55
14. Engineering	1,135	905	230
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	515	420	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	475	455	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	260	0
48. Precision production	175	170	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	285	140	145
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	75	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	60	65
Health and related fields	1,870	415	1,455
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	105	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,620	280	1,335
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	25	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	270	300
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	355	95	265
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	115	80	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	90	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,385	9,300	10,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,070	2,140	1,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,315	7,160	8,160
Location of study inside Canada	10,950	5,250	5,695
Same as province or territory of residence	8,810	4,195	4,620
Different than province or territory of residence	2,140	1,055	1,080
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,365	1,905	2,460
Americas	870	380	490
United States of America	570	285	290
Mexico	90	25	65
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	90	15	75
Colombia	10	0	10
Peru	25	10	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	75	25	40
Europe	1,255	590	660
Belgium	0	0	0
France	35	0	30
Germany	45	15	30
Netherlands	30	15	15
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	20	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	10
Poland	70	35	40
Romania	155	75	80
Russian Federation	100	40	60
Ukraine	90	35	55
Ireland⁹⁶	35	25	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	235	190
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Italy	35	10	20
Serbia⁸⁶	40	15	25
Other locations of study in Europe	125	50	80
Africa	135	70	65
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	110	55	55
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10
Asia	1,920	795	1,125
Iran⁸⁸	300	145	160
Iraq	30	15	20
Israel	40	20	20
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0
Turkey	30	20	10
China⁹⁰	455	185	270
Taiwan	55	15	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	25	35
Japan	80	15	55
Korea, South⁹²	495	195	300
Philippines	140	50	90
Viet Nam	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	80	35	45
Pakistan	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	125	50	75
Oceania	190	75	115
Australia	145	65	80
New Zealand	40	10	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,940	13,540	14,400
In the labour force	19,330	9,850	9,475
Employed	17,950	9,170	8,780
Unemployed	1,380	690	695
Not in the labour force	8,610	3,690	4,920
Participation rate	69.2	72.7	65.8
Employment rate	64.2	67.7	61.0
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.0	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,935	13,540	14,400
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,830	3,685	5,150
Worked	19,105	9,855	9,250
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,115	6,245	4,870
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,990	3,610	4,380
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.4	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,325	9,855	9,475
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	390	180	205
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,935	9,665	9,265
Employee	15,800	7,840	7,955
Permanent position	13,455	6,790	6,670
Temporary position	2,345	1,060	1,285
Fixed term (1 year or more)	735	335	400
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,610	720	890
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,140	1,830	1,315
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,325	9,855	9,475
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	390	180	205
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,935	9,665	9,265
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	375	265	110
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,015	1,280	2,730
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,295	1,760	535
3 Health occupations	1,285	255	1,030
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,605	925	1,675
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,170	605	565
6 Sales and service occupations	4,120	1,880	2,245
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,490	2,255	235
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	145	105	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	435	330	100
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,325	9,855	9,475
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	390	180	205
All industries¹⁹¹	18,935	9,665	9,265
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	60	30	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	70	15
22 Utilities	190	115	75
23 Construction	1,470	1,245	220
31-33 Manufacturing	980	650	330
41 Wholesale trade	745	520	220
44-45 Retail trade	1,895	925	970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	735	500	230
51 Information and cultural industries	965	640	325
52 Finance and insurance	940	460	480
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	510	270	240
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,555	1,485	1,070
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	45	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	605	335	270
61 Educational services	1,690	525	1,170
62 Health care and social assistance	2,180	450	1,730
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	540	285	260
72 Accommodation and food services	810	300	510
81 Other services (except public administration)	710	230	480
91 Public administration	1,180	580	600
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	20,430	10,440	9,995
English	19,145	9,890	9,255
French	30	0	25
Non-official language	205	120	85
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	205	120	85
English and French	155	35	120
English and non-official language(s)	850	365	485
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	20,430	10,440	9,995
Single responses	20,225	10,355	9,870
Official languages	19,835	10,160	9,675
English	19,765	10,145	9,625
French	70	20	55
Non-official languages	390	190	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	190	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	0	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	20	0	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	25	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	20	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	15	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	145	90	60
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	55	80
Chinese languages	140	55	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	105	35	65
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	85	125
English and French	25	0	25
English and non-official language(s)	185	85	100
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	20,430	10,440	9,995
None	19,560	10,085	9,480
English	190	70	125
French	100	25	80
Non-official language	455	220	235
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	455	220	235
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	85	30	55
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,950	9,170	8,780
Worked at home	6,070	2,910	3,160
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15
No fixed workplace address	2,115	1,565	555
Usual place of work	9,680	4,630	5,055
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,680	4,630	5,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,805	665	1,135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,730	3,870	3,860
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	120	85	35
Commute to a different province or territory	30	10	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,800	6,190	5,605
Car, truck or van	9,500	5,170	4,330
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,860	4,965	3,895
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	645	210	440
Public transit	1,455	650	810
Walked	430	140	295
Bicycle	65	55	10
Other method	345	180	160
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,800	6,190	5,605
Less than 15 minutes	2,300	930	1,370
15 to 29 minutes	3,275	1,630	1,645
30 to 44 minutes	3,390	1,980	1,410
45 to 59 minutes	1,835	1,120	710
60 minutes and over	1,005	540	470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,800	6,190	5,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	610	485	130
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,070	1,360	705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,165	1,685	1,480
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,385	1,030	1,355
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,040	890	1,145
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,530	735	795
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,930	3,600	3,325
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435	220	215
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,490	3,380	3,110
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,220	2,700	2,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340	175	175
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	70	85
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	105	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,875	2,525	2,350

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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