Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Richmond HillMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	114,180
Population, 2016¹	110,177
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.6
Total private dwellings²	45,612
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	43,545
Population density per square kilometre	2,866.9
Land area in square kilometres	39.83
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,185
0 to 14 years	14,430
0 to 4 years	3,875
5 to 9 years	4,805
10 to 14 years	5,745
15 to 64 years	75,855
15 to 19 years	6,450
20 to 24 years	6,770
25 to 29 years	7,270
30 to 34 years	7,350
35 to 39 years	6,990
40 to 44 years	6,955
45 to 49 years	8,030
50 to 54 years	8,765
55 to 59 years	8,875
60 to 64 years	8,395
65 years and over	23,890
65 to 69 years	7,330
70 to 74 years	6,640
75 to 79 years	4,060
80 to 84 years	3,010
85 years and over	2,855
85 to 89 years	1,860
90 to 94 years	785
95 to 99 years	180
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6
15 to 64 years	66.4
65 years and over	20.9
85 years and over	2.5
Average age of the population	44.2
Median age of the population	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,545
Single-detached house	19,010
Semi-detached house	1,375
Row house	5,270
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,655
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,325
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	14,855
Other single-attached house	55
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,545
1 person	10,425
2 persons	13,460
3 persons	8,660
4 persons	7,055
5 or more persons	3,950
Number of persons in private households	113,630
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,750
Married or living common-law	57,790
Married	53,930
Living common-law	3,865
Living common law - Never married	2,645
Living common law - Separated	175
Living common law - Divorced	945
Living common law - Widowed	95
Not married and not living common-law	41,960
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,250
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,445
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,110
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,155
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,580
2 persons	15,500
3 persons	9,175
4 persons	7,010
5 or more persons	1,900
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,585
Total couple families	27,865
Married couples	25,935
With children⁶	15,440
Without children	10,495
Common-law couples	1,930
With children⁶	610
Without children	1,320
Total one-parent families	5,720
in which the parent is a woman+	4,685
in which the parent is a man+	1,035
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,630
Total - Persons in census families	96,460
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,725
Parents in one-parent families	5,715
Children⁶	35,010
In a two-parent family	26,725
In a one-parent family	8,290
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,170
Living alone	10,425
Living with other relatives⁷	3,555
Living with non-relatives only	3,190
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,545
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,240
Couple-family households	22,880
With children⁶	13,340
Without children	9,545
One-parent-family households	4,355
Multigenerational households⁸	2,360
Multiple-census-family households⁹	520
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,605
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,395
One-person households	10,425
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	99,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,645
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,665
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,330
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,320
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,385
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,860
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,795
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	99,315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,880
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,915
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,290
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,400
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,665
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,880
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	99,315
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,245
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,210
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	99,205
Without total income	4,565
With total income	94,640
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,865
$10,000 to $19,999	13,690
$20,000 to $29,999	16,265
$30,000 to $39,999	10,925
$40,000 to $49,999	8,175
$50,000 to $59,999	6,595
$60,000 to $69,999	5,285
$70,000 to $79,999	4,310
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510
$90,000 to $99,999	2,925
$100,000 and over	12,090
$100,000 to $149,999	7,585
$150,000 and over	4,500
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	99,205
Without after-tax income	4,540
With after-tax income	94,665
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,320
$10,000 to $19,999	14,275
$20,000 to $29,999	17,835
$30,000 to $39,999	12,040
$40,000 to $49,999	9,460
$50,000 to $59,999	7,210
$60,000 to $69,999	5,590
$70,000 to $79,999	4,295
$80,000 to $89,999	3,575
$90,000 to $99,999	2,380
$100,000 and over	6,680
$100,000 to $124,999	3,225
$125,000 and over	3,455
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	99,205
Without employment income	34,890
With employment income	64,320
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,805
$5,000 to $9,999	6,745
$10,000 to $19,999	7,335
$20,000 to $29,999	5,100
$30,000 to $39,999	4,750
$40,000 to $49,999	4,470
$50,000 to $59,999	4,035
$60,000 to $69,999	3,635
$70,000 to $79,999	3,055
$80,000 to $89,999	2,605
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360
$100,000 and over	9,425
$100,000 to $124,999	4,070
$125,000 and over	5,355
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	99,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,960
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,980
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,805
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,180
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,750
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,695
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	99,315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,115
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,120
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,550
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,395
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,760
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,730
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	99,315
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,870
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,475
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8
Employment income (%)	72.8
Government transfers (%)	10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,545
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,425
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,120
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,530
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,355
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,450
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,840
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,175
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,545
Under $5,000	855
$5,000 to $9,999	375
$10,000 to $14,999	525
$15,000 to $19,999	885
$20,000 to $24,999	1,830
$25,000 to $29,999	1,355
$30,000 to $34,999	1,565
$35,000 to $39,999	1,575
$40,000 to $44,999	1,405
$45,000 to $49,999	1,445
$50,000 to $59,999	2,855
$60,000 to $69,999	2,755
$70,000 to $79,999	2,695
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205
$100,000 and over	18,780
$100,000 to $124,999	4,660
$125,000 to $149,999	3,370
$150,000 to $199,999	4,470
$200,000 and over	6,285
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,545
Under $5,000	975
$5,000 to $9,999	390
$10,000 to $14,999	535
$15,000 to $19,999	945
$20,000 to $24,999	1,925
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495
$30,000 to $34,999	1,695
$35,000 to $39,999	1,715
$40,000 to $44,999	1,740
$45,000 to $49,999	1,710
$50,000 to $59,999	3,285
$60,000 to $69,999	3,310
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045
$80,000 to $89,999	2,795
$90,000 to $99,999	2,345
$100,000 and over	15,640
$100,000 to $124,999	4,680
$125,000 to $149,999	3,360
$150,000 and over	7,600
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,420
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,890
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,120
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,155
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,615
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,405
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,955
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,210
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,100
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,575
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,625
0 to 17 years	18,120
0 to 5 years	4,690
18 to 64 years	72,040
65 years and over	23,470
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,350
0 to 17 years	2,825
0 to 5 years	735
18 to 64 years	8,920
65 years and over	4,610
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4
65 years and over (%)	19.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,630
0 to 17 years	18,120
0 to 5 years	4,690
18 to 64 years	72,035
65 years and over	23,475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,760
0 to 17 years	1,720
0 to 5 years	420
18 to 64 years	6,320
65 years and over	1,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8
65 years and over (%)	7.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,630
In bottom half of the distribution	54,360
In bottom decile	14,245
In second decile	11,150
In third decile	10,070
In fourth decile	9,540
In fifth decile	9,350
In top half of the distribution	59,270
In sixth decile	9,720
In seventh decile	9,455
In eighth decile	10,350
In ninth decile	12,700
In top decile	17,045
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,630
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.394
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.508
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.345
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,705
English only	98,335
French only	40
English and French	7,265
Neither English nor French	8,060
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,705
English	103,785
French	675
English and French	1,275
Neither English nor French	7,970
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,705
Single responses	106,610
Official languages	37,350
English	36,820
French	535
Non-official languages	69,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	69,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	20
Cushitic languages	45
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	45
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,830
Amharic	10
Arabic	1,325
Aramaic languages	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	415
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	295
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,690
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	40
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	100
Indonesian	125
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,340
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	40
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	25
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	630
Kannada	30
Malayalam	140
Tamil	380
Telugu	75
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	50
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	31,015
Albanian	95
Armenian	530
Balto-Slavic languages	5,995
Baltic languages	65
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	5,925
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	50
Czech	45
Macedonian	160
Polish	290
Russian	4,635
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	350
Bosnian	25
Croatian	85
Serbian	230
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	580
Frisian	0
High German languages	420
German	370
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	40
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	40
Danish	10
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	855
Indo-Iranian languages	17,555
Indo-Aryan languages	2,750
Assamese	0
Bengali	135
Gujarati	730
Hindi	575
Kacchi	120
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	20
Marathi	50
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55
Urdu	745
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	14,800
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	295
Parsi	35
Pashto	60
Persian languages	14,395
Dari	495
Iranian Persian	11,870
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	2,030
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	5,390
Catalan	5
Italian	2,925
Portuguese	445
Romanian	675
Spanish	1,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15
Japanese	195
Korean	2,795
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	135
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	45
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	29,205
Chinese languages	29,180
Hakka	215
Mandarin	13,155
Min Dong	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	415
Wu (Shanghainese)	200
Yue (Cantonese)	14,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	170
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	10
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	800
Azerbaijani	215
Kazakh	0
Turkish	555
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	405
Estonian	25
Finnish	40
Hungarian	335
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,095
English and French	250
English and non-official language(s)	5,790
French and non-official language(s)	120
English, French and non-official language(s)	185
Multiple non-official languages	740
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,705
English	41,155
French	120
Non-official language	26,980
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	26,975
English and French	625
English and non-official language(s)	41,450
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,310
Multiple non-official languages	2,025
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,705
Single responses	104,355
Official languages	56,520
English	56,295
French	220
Non-official languages	47,840
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,835
Afro-Asiatic languages	910
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	10
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	885
Amharic	5
Arabic	685
Aramaic languages	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	145
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	145
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	925
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	760
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	320
Kannada	20
Malayalam	55
Tamil	220
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	19,435
Albanian	60
Armenian	330
Balto-Slavic languages	3,820
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	3,805
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	5
Macedonian	70
Polish	105
Russian	3,280
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	170
Bosnian	10
Croatian	25
Serbian	130
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	75
Frisian	0
High German languages	45
German	45
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	360
Indo-Iranian languages	12,670
Indo-Aryan languages	1,470
Assamese	0
Bengali	65
Gujarati	380
Hindi	285
Kacchi	60
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	25
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35
Urdu	470
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	11,200
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	225
Parsi	25
Pashto	35
Persian languages	10,905
Dari	290
Iranian Persian	9,000
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,620
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,100
Catalan	0
Italian	860
Portuguese	180
Romanian	305
Spanish	755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20
Japanese	95
Korean	2,190
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	22,985
Chinese languages	22,970
Hakka	70
Mandarin	10,610
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	185
Wu (Shanghainese)	125
Yue (Cantonese)	11,865
Chinese, n.o.s.	100
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	5
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	510
Azerbaijani	115
Kazakh	0
Turkish	380
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	175
Estonian	10
Finnish	5
Hungarian	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	9,345
English and French	130
English and non-official language(s)	8,850
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	95
Multiple non-official languages	245
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,705
None	75,965
English	16,835
French	735
Non-official language	15,560
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	15,555
English and French	210
English and non-official language(s)	2,080
French and non-official language(s)	625
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	1,640
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,755
Official languages	105,770
English	105,725
French	7,170
Non-official languages	83,520
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	83,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,785
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	70
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,705
Amharic	25
Arabic	2,140
Aramaic languages	75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	1,480
Maltese	30
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450
Khmer (Cambodian)	30
Vietnamese	420
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,720
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	100
Cebuano	190
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	50
Ilocano	90
Indonesian	230
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,360
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85
Creole languages	235
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	20
Krio	0
Morisyen	100
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50
Dravidian languages	900
Kannada	100
Malayalam	185
Tamil	580
Telugu	90
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	40
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	39,115
Albanian	170
Armenian	885
Balto-Slavic languages	7,400
Baltic languages	75
Latvian	45
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	7,365
Belarusian	35
Bulgarian	90
Czech	55
Macedonian	210
Polish	425
Russian	6,055
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	410
Bosnian	20
Croatian	120
Serbian	295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,310
Frisian	0
High German languages	930
German	840
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	95
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300
Afrikaans	105
Dutch	190
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	120
Danish	20
Icelandic	30
Norwegian	25
Swedish	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,310
Indo-Iranian languages	21,940
Indo-Aryan languages	4,880
Assamese	0
Bengali	215
Gujarati	1,360
Hindi	2,460
Kacchi	235
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	65
Marathi	225
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	15
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60
Urdu	1,710
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	17,200
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	375
Parsi	65
Pashto	80
Persian languages	16,945
Dari	610
Iranian Persian	14,310
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	2,240
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,505
Catalan	0
Italian	4,030
Portuguese	745
Romanian	735
Spanish	2,445
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	50
Japanese	415
Korean	3,605
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	475
Akan (Twi)	45
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	220
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	15
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	33,865
Chinese languages	33,860
Hakka	330
Mandarin	19,420
Min Dong	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	800
Wu (Shanghainese)	360
Yue (Cantonese)	19,135
Chinese, n.o.s.	160
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55
Lao	15
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	1,595
Azerbaijani	445
Kazakh	0
Turkish	1,310
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	445
Estonian	30
Finnish	40
Hungarian	375
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,755
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	365
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	325
First Nations (North American Indian)	230
Métis	100
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20
Non-Indigenous identity	113,390
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,755
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	145
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,610
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,530
Owner	31,510
Renter	12,020
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,530
Condominium	14,785
Not condominium	28,745
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,530
No bedrooms	260
1 bedroom	7,620
2 bedrooms	9,285
3 bedrooms	10,520
4 or more bedrooms	15,850
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,530
1 to 4 rooms	16,390
5 rooms	5,880
6 rooms	5,190
7 rooms	4,065
8 or more rooms	12,010
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,530
One person or fewer per room	42,145
More than one person per room	1,390
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,530
Suitable	40,300
Not suitable	3,235
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,530
1960 or before	3,090
1961 to 1980	6,235
1981 to 1990	10,285
1991 to 2000	9,705
2001 to 2005	4,215
2006 to 2010	2,980
2011 to 2015	3,225
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,790
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,530
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,700
Major repairs needed	1,830
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,530
One-maintainer household	21,270
Two-maintainer household	19,245
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,010
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,530
15 to 24 years	715
25 to 34 years	4,430
35 to 44 years	6,560
45 to 54 years	8,905
55 to 64 years	9,800
65 to 74 years	7,620
75 to 84 years	3,970
85 years and over	1,525
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,190
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,250
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,940
30% to less than 100%	13,825
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,530
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,795
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,915
Not suitable only	1,825
Major repairs needed only	930
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,235
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	725
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75
Acceptable housing	23,735
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,075
In core need	7,750
Not in core need	32,330
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,505
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4
% in core housing need⁶³	14.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,202
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,294,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,025
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	49.4
% in core housing need⁶³	32.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,766
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,755
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	135
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	125
Métis single ancestry	0
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	380
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,240
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,755
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,880
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,575
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,310
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	18,875
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,755
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	40,935
Immigrants⁸¹	68,110
Before 1980	9,850
1980 to 1990	8,755
1991 to 2000	17,555
2001 to 2010	16,180
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,775
2011 to 2015	8,205
2016 to 2021	7,570
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,715
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	68,115
Under 5 years	4,440
5 to 14 years	10,100
15 to 24 years	11,395
25 to 44 years	32,515
45 years and over	9,660
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	68,115
Americas	3,325
Brazil	150
Colombia	170
El Salvador	50
Guyana	255
Haiti	15
Jamaica	655
Mexico	75
Peru	150
Trinidad and Tobago	335
United States of America	655
Other places of birth in Americas	820
Europe	10,620
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70
Croatia	75
France	70
Germany	360
Greece	525
Hungary	190
Italy	2,085
Netherlands	90
Poland	305
Portugal	240
Romania	670
Russian Federation	1,915
Serbia⁸⁶	150
Ukraine	1,345
United Kingdom⁸⁷	950
Other places of birth in Europe	1,590
Africa	2,425
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25
Egypt	545
Eritrea	10
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	80
Nigeria	195
Somalia	65
South Africa, Republic of	290
Other places of birth in Africa	1,195
Asia	51,660
Afghanistan	475
Iran⁸⁸	12,625
Iraq	585
Lebanon	265
Syria⁸⁹	145
Turkey	365
China⁹⁰	14,905
Hong Kong⁹¹	9,005
Korea, South⁹²	2,585
Taiwan	855
Philippines	2,400
Viet Nam	615
Bangladesh	130
India	2,335
Pakistan	865
Sri Lanka	380
Other places of birth in Asia	3,110
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,570
Americas	280
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	30
Mexico	15
United States of America	105
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	90
Europe	475
France	20
Germany	35
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	110
Ukraine	125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	150
Africa	275
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	80
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	95
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Sudan⁹⁷	10
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45
Asia	6,525
Afghanistan	120
Bangladesh	20
China⁹⁰	2,235
Hong Kong⁹¹	190
India	620
Iran⁸⁸	1,770
Iraq	145
Israel	45
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	215
Lebanon	20
Nepal	0
Pakistan	140
Philippines	530
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	60
Turkey	85
United Arab Emirates	50
Viet Nam	30
Other places of birth in Asia	245
Oceania and other⁹³	15
Australia	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,755
First generation¹⁰⁰	73,940
Second generation¹⁰¹	27,650
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	58,265
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	38,270
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15,120
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	23,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	13,645
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,360
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	980
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	58,265
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,825
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,205
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,250
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,295
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	160
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	46,530
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,755
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	76,605
South Asian	7,730
Chinese	37,095
Black	2,705
Filipino	2,785
Arab	1,510
Latin American	1,425
Southeast Asian	720
West Asian	15,770
Korean	3,845
Japanese	230
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	825
Multiple visible minorities	1,960
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	37,145
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,755
Canadian	4,835
English	5,005
Irish	4,360
Scottish	3,870
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,540
German	2,375
Chinese	32,695
Italian	7,280
Indian (India)	4,630
Ukrainian	2,245
Dutch	655
Polish	2,055
Québécois	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,205
Filipino	2,790
French Canadian	245
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	685
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	130
Métis	135
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	855
Russian	4,575
Norwegian	135
Welsh	470
Portuguese	1,210
American	515
Spanish	975
Swedish	120
Hungarian	750
Acadian	50
Pakistani	1,245
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	740
Jewish	3,380
Punjabi	265
Vietnamese	675
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	555
Greek	1,875
Jamaican	980
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,330
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20
Korean	3,755
Romanian	1,070
Lebanese	325
Iranian	12,250
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	655
Danish	145
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90
Sikh	75
Austrian	295
Belgian	70
Haitian	45
Hindu	525
Mexican	170
Mennonite	30
Swiss	75
Finnish	220
Sri Lankan	350
Croatian	165
Japanese	465
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	565
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20
Muslim	495
Egyptian	660
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	380
Tamil	220
Icelandic	60
Colombian	240
Moroccan	165
Czech	85
Syrian	200
Guyanese	320
Afghan	650
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	340
Serbian	275
Ojibway	55
Newfoundlander	55
Hong Konger	3,305
Ontarian	100
Persian	4,580
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	335
Turkish	565
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	125
Algerian	0
Brazilian	140
Nigerian	190
Armenian	1,055
Slovak	110
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215
Somali	75
Taiwanese	745
Iraqi	300
Salvadorean	45
African Caribbean	200
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	690
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	425
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	150
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	175
Lithuanian	220
South African	190
Australian	100
Palestinian	180
Chilean	90
Congolese	25
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	20
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125
Peruvian	130
Yoruba	60
Cambodian (Khmer)	20
Berber	30
Albanian	250
Maltese	170
Macedonian	305
Slovenian	105
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	230
Eritrean	15
African Canadian	65
Israeli	720
Mohawk	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	135
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	65
Barbadian	120
African American	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60
Cuban	100
Bosnian	40
Venezuelan	75
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	150
Bengali	25
Cameroonian	35
Guatemalan	25
Indonesian	220
Laotian	30
Ilocano	15
Northern Irish	80
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	135
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	175
Estonian	75
Kurdish	335
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35
Coptic	290
Thai	70
Dominican	60
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	60
Igbo	60
Byelorussian	295
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	130
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	35
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40
Malaysian	85
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	145
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	80
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	40
Mauritian	55
Kenyan	75
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	30
Jordanian	30
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	25
Malayali	25
Chaldean	30
Sinhalese	40
Mayan	30
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	45
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	420
Sicilian	25
Pashtun	40
Malay	30
Goan	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	35
Mongolian	55
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	45
Ugandan	50
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	115
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	30
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	40
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	50
Singaporean	10
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	90
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,755
Buddhist	2,640
Christian	44,935
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,365
Anabaptist	100
Anglican	1,590
Baptist	1,265
Catholic	20,615
Christian Orthodox	5,410
Jehovah's Witness	235
Latter Day Saints	40
Lutheran	360
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	480
Presbyterian	1,135
Reformed	80
United Church	1,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,650
Hindu	2,665
Jewish	5,035
Muslim	14,395
Sikh	315
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,000
No religion and secular perspectives	42,740
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,065
Non-movers	100,330
Movers	12,735
Non-migrants	6,240
Migrants	6,495
Internal migrants	4,745
Intraprovincial migrants	4,355
Interprovincial migrants	390
External migrants	1,745
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,825
Non-movers	69,365
Movers	40,460
Non-migrants	11,180
Migrants	29,275
Internal migrants	19,675
Intraprovincial migrants	18,320
Interprovincial migrants	1,355
External migrants	9,605
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,315
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,015
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	87,295
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,300
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,365
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,315
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,115
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,085
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,220
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,170
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,860
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,525
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,860
Bachelor's degree	28,080
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,640
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,640
Master's degree	10,065
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,435
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,665
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,020
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,895
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	775
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,430
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,470
Bachelor's degree	21,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,885
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,280
Master's degree	8,420
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,105
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	99,320
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,235
Education	2,925
13. Education	2,925
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,675
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210
50. Visual and performing arts	2,460
Humanities	3,435
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	685
23. English language and literature/letters	910
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165
39. Theology and religious vocations	180
54. History	290
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,745
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,035
22. Legal professions and studies	1,200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145
42. Psychology	1,255
45. Social sciences	3,395
Business, management and public administration	16,345
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,645
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,795
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,575
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	820
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50
40. Physical sciences	1,250
41. Science technologies/technicians	105
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,540
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,155
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,070
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	215
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,585
04. Architecture and related services	880
14. Engineering	7,915
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,715
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	880
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	885
48. Precision production	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490
03. Natural resources and conservation	295
Health and related fields	7,210
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	605
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,175
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	405
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,025
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	310
49. Transportation and materials moving	345
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,645
Education	1,860
13. Education	1,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,130
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155
50. Visual and performing arts	1,975
Humanities	2,600
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	585
23. English language and literature/letters	705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135
39. Theology and religious vocations	135
54. History	190
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,995
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	725
22. Legal professions and studies	995
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120
42. Psychology	990
45. Social sciences	2,575
Business, management and public administration	12,620
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	560
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,035
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,630
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35
40. Physical sciences	900
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,660
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,575
25. Library science	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	860
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	160
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,075
04. Architecture and related services	675
14. Engineering	6,050
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	515
48. Precision production	170
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365
03. Natural resources and conservation	240
Health and related fields	5,380
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,640
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	985
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	265
49. Transportation and materials moving	200
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,025
Location of study inside Canada	28,965
Same as province or territory of residence	27,020
Different than province or territory of residence	1,945
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,060
Americas	1,900
United States of America	1,410
Mexico	50
Cuba	30
Haiti	0
Jamaica	35
Brazil	85
Colombia	70
Peru	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	55
Other locations of study in Americas	140
Europe	3,260
Belgium	20
France	80
Germany	80
Netherlands	30
Switzerland	40
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	75
Poland	65
Romania	290
Russian Federation	795
Ukraine	530
Ireland⁹⁶	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	730
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	25
Serbia⁸⁶	45
Other locations of study in Europe	405
Africa	450
Nigeria	100
Algeria	0
Morocco	15
Tunisia	0
Egypt	190
South Africa, Republic of	60
Other locations of study in Africa	80
Asia	14,250
Iran⁸⁸	4,835
Iraq	155
Israel	290
Lebanon	50
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	135
China⁹⁰	3,870
Taiwan	155
Hong Kong⁹¹	765
Japan	125
Korea, South⁹²	800
Philippines	955
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	45
Sri Lanka	35
India	1,070
Pakistan	255
Other locations of study in Asia	665
Oceania	200
Australia	195
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	99,315
In the labour force	59,630
Employed	51,640
Unemployed	7,980
Not in the labour force	39,690
Participation rate	60.0
Employment rate	52.0
Unemployment rate	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	99,320
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,020
Worked	58,295
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,450
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,850
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,625
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,290
Employee	44,300
Permanent position	36,690
Temporary position	7,610
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,480
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,990
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,625
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,290
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,130
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,925
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,045
3 Health occupations	4,485
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,560
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,925
6 Sales and service occupations	13,995
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,140
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	375
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,710
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,625
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335
All industries¹⁹¹	57,290
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75
22 Utilities	325
23 Construction	3,385
31-33 Manufacturing	4,125
41 Wholesale trade	2,570
44-45 Retail trade	6,640
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,395
51 Information and cultural industries	1,565
52 Finance and insurance	5,120
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,730
55 Management of companies and enterprises	310
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,020
61 Educational services	3,805
62 Health care and social assistance	6,435
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	840
72 Accommodation and food services	2,750
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090
91 Public administration	1,830
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,550
English	53,425
French	90
Non-official language	2,265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,265
English and French	625
English and non-official language(s)	6,910
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100
Multiple non-official languages	135
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,550
Single responses	61,755
Official languages	57,645
English	57,450
French	195
Non-official languages	4,120
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,120
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	975
Albanian	0
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	150
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	150
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	150
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	720
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	720
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	720
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	620
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	220
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,850
Chinese languages	2,850
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,510
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,340
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,790
English and French	105
English and non-official language(s)	1,630
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,550
None	57,235
English	1,510
French	450
Non-official language	3,315
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	3,315
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	335
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	645
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,645
Worked at home	19,825
Worked outside Canada	380
No fixed workplace address	5,510
Usual place of work	25,925
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,925
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,865
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,520
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,435
Car, truck or van	26,515
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,210
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,310
Public transit	2,985
Walked	1,055
Bicycle	95
Other method	775
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,435
Less than 15 minutes	5,780
15 to 29 minutes	10,725
30 to 44 minutes	8,695
45 to 59 minutes	2,925
60 minutes and over	3,315
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,435
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,195
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,645
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,330
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,960
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,330
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,980
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,390
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,200
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,420
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,185
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	805
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,235

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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