Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Victoria, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	91,867
Population, 2016¹	85,792
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1
Total private dwellings²	53,070
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,222
Population density per square kilometre	4,722.3
Land area in square kilometres	19.45
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	91,870
0 to 14 years	8,450
0 to 4 years	2,910
5 to 9 years	2,835
10 to 14 years	2,705
15 to 64 years	62,060
15 to 19 years	2,710
20 to 24 years	6,040
25 to 29 years	8,765
30 to 34 years	9,035
35 to 39 years	7,455
40 to 44 years	5,985
45 to 49 years	5,205
50 to 54 years	5,340
55 to 59 years	5,560
60 to 64 years	5,965
65 years and over	21,350
65 to 69 years	6,020
70 to 74 years	5,905
75 to 79 years	3,705
80 to 84 years	2,410
85 years and over	3,320
85 to 89 years	1,675
90 to 94 years	1,235
95 to 99 years	355
100 years and over	45
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.2
15 to 64 years	67.6
65 years and over	23.2
85 years and over	3.6
Average age of the population	45.2
Median age of the population	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,225
Single-detached house	6,685
Semi-detached house	1,150
Row house	2,305
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,450
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	23,510
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,000
Other single-attached house	80
Movable dwelling⁴	35
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,225
1 person	24,100
2 persons	17,060
3 persons	4,295
4 persons	2,620
5 or more persons	1,145
Number of persons in private households	87,890
Average household size	1.8
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,415
Married or living common-law	38,580
Married	26,155
Living common-law	12,425
Living common law - Never married	10,080
Living common law - Separated	270
Living common law - Divorced	1,945
Living common law - Widowed	125
Not married and not living common-law	44,835
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,280
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,400
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,670
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,485
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,760
2 persons	15,225
3 persons	3,545
4 persons	2,340
5 or more persons	650
Average size of census families	2.5
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,760
Total couple families	18,540
Married couples	12,330
With children⁶	4,670
Without children	7,670
Common-law couples	6,205
With children⁶	980
Without children	5,225
Total one-parent families	3,225
in which the parent is a woman+	2,585
in which the parent is a man+	640
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,890
Total - Persons in census families	53,900
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,075
Parents in one-parent families	3,225
Children⁶	13,610
In a two-parent family	9,275
In a one-parent family	4,330
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,985
Living alone	24,100
Living with other relatives⁷	1,530
Living with non-relatives only	8,350
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,220
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,975
Couple-family households	17,160
With children⁶	5,135
Without children	12,025
One-parent-family households	2,815
Multigenerational households⁸	365
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	940
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,680
One-person households	24,100
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,090
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,125
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,625
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,910
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,235
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,705
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,165
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,060
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,075
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,475
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,910
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,025
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,370
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,225
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,920
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,470
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,355
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,520
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,470
Without total income	1,380
With total income	78,090
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,990
$10,000 to $19,999	7,390
$20,000 to $29,999	12,385
$30,000 to $39,999	10,875
$40,000 to $49,999	9,705
$50,000 to $59,999	7,930
$60,000 to $69,999	6,090
$70,000 to $79,999	4,760
$80,000 to $89,999	3,530
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690
$100,000 and over	7,740
$100,000 to $149,999	5,260
$150,000 and over	2,480
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,470
Without after-tax income	1,345
With after-tax income	78,125
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,275
$10,000 to $19,999	7,675
$20,000 to $29,999	14,155
$30,000 to $39,999	12,800
$40,000 to $49,999	11,105
$50,000 to $59,999	8,320
$60,000 to $69,999	5,870
$70,000 to $79,999	4,210
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840
$90,000 to $99,999	1,795
$100,000 and over	4,090
$100,000 to $124,999	2,015
$125,000 and over	2,080
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,470
Without employment income	22,555
With employment income	56,915
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,025
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355
$10,000 to $19,999	6,760
$20,000 to $29,999	5,610
$30,000 to $39,999	5,325
$40,000 to $49,999	5,425
$50,000 to $59,999	5,220
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105
$70,000 to $79,999	3,285
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005
$100,000 and over	5,215
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645
$125,000 and over	2,575
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,500
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,580
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,055
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,840
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,245
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,085
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,555
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,635
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,875
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,635
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,180
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,090
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,470
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,005
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,510
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2
Employment income (%)	68.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,225
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,100
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,120
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,225
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,095
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,850
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,040
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,125
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,225
Under $5,000	715
$5,000 to $9,999	355
$10,000 to $14,999	585
$15,000 to $19,999	1,505
$20,000 to $24,999	2,800
$25,000 to $29,999	2,135
$30,000 to $34,999	2,200
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375
$40,000 to $44,999	2,275
$45,000 to $49,999	2,310
$50,000 to $59,999	4,345
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025
$70,000 to $79,999	3,685
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605
$100,000 and over	14,235
$100,000 to $124,999	4,790
$125,000 to $149,999	3,155
$150,000 to $199,999	3,420
$200,000 and over	2,865
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,225
Under $5,000	790
$5,000 to $9,999	370
$10,000 to $14,999	600
$15,000 to $19,999	1,565
$20,000 to $24,999	2,985
$25,000 to $29,999	2,530
$30,000 to $34,999	2,660
$35,000 to $39,999	2,710
$40,000 to $44,999	2,805
$45,000 to $49,999	2,600
$50,000 to $59,999	5,065
$60,000 to $69,999	4,315
$70,000 to $79,999	3,830
$80,000 to $89,999	3,030
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500
$100,000 and over	10,885
$100,000 to $124,999	4,410
$125,000 to $149,999	2,605
$150,000 and over	3,865
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,010
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,515
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,665
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,150
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,455
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,015
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,575
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,690
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,110
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,550
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,445
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,890
0 to 17 years	9,990
0 to 5 years	3,470
18 to 64 years	59,105
65 years and over	18,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,515
0 to 17 years	1,375
0 to 5 years	490
18 to 64 years	7,025
65 years and over	3,110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	13.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9
65 years and over (%)	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,890
0 to 17 years	9,985
0 to 5 years	3,470
18 to 64 years	59,110
65 years and over	18,795
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,225
0 to 17 years	460
0 to 5 years	140
18 to 64 years	4,275
65 years and over	485
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2
65 years and over (%)	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,890
In bottom half of the distribution	46,805
In bottom decile	11,525
In second decile	9,535
In third decile	8,905
In fourth decile	8,405
In fifth decile	8,425
In top half of the distribution	41,085
In sixth decile	8,160
In seventh decile	7,775
In eighth decile	8,225
In ninth decile	8,595
In top decile	8,345
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,890
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.344
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	89,115
English only	76,660
French only	35
English and French	11,735
Neither English nor French	685
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	89,115
English	86,515
French	1,645
English and French	305
Neither English nor French	650
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	89,115
Single responses	86,595
Official languages	73,880
English	72,220
French	1,655
Non-official languages	12,715
Indigenous languages³⁹	50
Algonquian languages	30
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	5
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	815
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	95
Bilen	0
Oromo	35
Somali	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	715
Amharic	65
Arabic	565
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	35
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	220
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,455
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	70
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	35
Ilocano	105
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	205
Kannada	5
Malayalam	105
Tamil	40
Telugu	50
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,130
Albanian	45
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,195
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	40
Czech	100
Macedonian	0
Polish	315
Russian	350
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	160
Bosnian	15
Croatian	75
Serbian	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	150
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,465
Frisian	5
High German languages	935
German	890
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390
Afrikaans	45
Dutch	325
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	140
Danish	50
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	40
Swedish	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	65
Indo-Iranian languages	1,495
Indo-Aryan languages	1,080
Assamese	0
Bengali	85
Gujarati	80
Hindi	255
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	30
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20
Urdu	140
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	415
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	5
Pashto	20
Persian languages	375
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	315
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,845
Catalan	5
Italian	220
Portuguese	430
Romanian	90
Spanish	1,100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	485
Korean	505
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	110
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,200
Chinese languages	2,175
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,065
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	20
Yue (Cantonese)	1,015
Chinese, n.o.s.	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	140
Lao	5
Thai	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	100
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	100
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	220
Estonian	20
Finnish	65
Hungarian	145
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,515
English and French	555
English and non-official language(s)	1,670
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	180
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	89,115
English	75,005
French	315
Non-official language	2,660
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	2,655
English and French	1,440
English and non-official language(s)	8,910
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	505
Multiple non-official languages	250
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	89,115
Single responses	87,105
Official languages	81,655
English	81,170
French	490
Non-official languages	5,455
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,445
Afro-Asiatic languages	475
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	50
Bilen	0
Oromo	25
Somali	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	420
Amharic	45
Arabic	345
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	795
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	70
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	670
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	110
Kannada	5
Malayalam	50
Tamil	25
Telugu	35
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,955
Albanian	30
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	345
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	345
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	60
Russian	165
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	45
Bosnian	0
Croatian	25
Serbian	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	120
Frisian	0
High German languages	85
German	80
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	725
Indo-Aryan languages	495
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	20
Hindi	125
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	90
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	230
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	205
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	185
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	715
Catalan	0
Italian	45
Portuguese	210
Romanian	20
Spanish	435
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	165
Korean	320
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	40
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280
Chinese languages	1,270
Hakka	0
Mandarin	675
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	560
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55
Lao	0
Thai	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	45
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	45
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,005
English and French	235
English and non-official language(s)	1,680
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	45
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	89,115
None	79,630
English	2,310
French	1,135
Non-official language	4,730
Indigenous³⁹	90
Non-Indigenous	4,640
English and French	40
English and non-official language(s)	385
French and non-official language(s)	340
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	540
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,890
Official languages	87,205
English	87,180
French	11,765
Non-official languages	20,225
Indigenous languages³⁹	355
Algonquian languages	190
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	70
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	70
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	125
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	110
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	20
Northern Athabaskan languages	20
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	15
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	10
Salish languages	25
Halkomelem	15
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	25
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	40
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,280
Berber languages	35
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	115
Bilen	0
Oromo	65
Somali	45
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,205
Amharic	110
Arabic	880
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	180
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345
Khmer (Cambodian)	40
Vietnamese	295
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,125
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	40
Ilocano	145
Indonesian	70
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,960
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55
Creole languages	85
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35
Dravidian languages	380
Kannada	10
Malayalam	190
Tamil	80
Telugu	140
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	11,240
Albanian	75
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,625
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	30
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,590
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	40
Czech	125
Macedonian	0
Polish	355
Russian	620
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	295
Bosnian	20
Croatian	130
Serbian	175
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	210
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	50
Irish	30
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,760
Frisian	25
High German languages	1,950
German	1,915
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	25
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	605
Afrikaans	115
Dutch	475
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	295
Danish	95
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	105
Swedish	125
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	90
Indo-Iranian languages	1,995
Indo-Aryan languages	1,585
Assamese	0
Bengali	130
Gujarati	120
Hindi	830
Kacchi	15
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	30
Marathi	115
Nepali	40
Oriya languages	10
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	575
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	295
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	440
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	0
Pashto	40
Persian languages	400
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	355
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,290
Catalan	0
Italian	830
Portuguese	620
Romanian	60
Spanish	4,160
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15
Japanese	1,065
Korean	695
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	270
Akan (Twi)	50
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15
Swahili	95
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	280
American Sign Language	240
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,670
Chinese languages	2,625
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,560
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,360
Chinese, n.o.s.	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	165
Lao	15
Thai	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	215
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	195
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	315
Estonian	35
Finnish	95
Hungarian	195
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,890
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,365
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,160
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,345
Métis	1,785
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70
Non-Indigenous identity	83,530
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,890
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,530
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,360
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,225
Owner	19,455
Renter	29,765
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,225
Condominium	15,085
Not condominium	34,140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,225
No bedrooms	2,265
1 bedroom	19,425
2 bedrooms	17,385
3 bedrooms	6,435
4 or more bedrooms	3,710
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,225
1 to 4 rooms	31,515
5 rooms	6,935
6 rooms	3,760
7 rooms	2,515
8 or more rooms	4,495
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,225
One person or fewer per room	48,460
More than one person per room	765
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,225
Suitable	46,495
Not suitable	2,725
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,225
1960 or before	15,050
1961 to 1980	16,265
1981 to 1990	4,655
1991 to 2000	4,475
2001 to 2005	1,590
2006 to 2010	2,260
2011 to 2015	1,780
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,225
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,175
Major repairs needed	3,045
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,225
One-maintainer household	29,905
Two-maintainer household	17,620
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,700
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,225
15 to 24 years	2,750
25 to 34 years	9,980
35 to 44 years	8,295
45 to 54 years	6,825
55 to 64 years	7,660
65 to 74 years	8,150
75 to 84 years	4,140
85 years and over	1,425
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,045
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,375
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,675
30% to less than 100%	14,890
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,220
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,495
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,935
Not suitable only	1,805
Major repairs needed only	1,870
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	715
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	975
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	150
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60
Acceptable housing	28,725
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,260
In core need	9,160
Not in core need	38,100
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,455
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.5
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,586
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	821,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,765
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.2
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.2
% in core housing need⁶³	26.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,378
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,890
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,190
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,170
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	980
Métis single ancestry	185
Inuit single ancestry	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,060
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,885
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,715
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	82,640
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,890
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	80,110
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,315
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,785
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,785
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,890
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,650
Immigrants⁸¹	17,580
Before 1980	5,690
1980 to 1990	1,660
1991 to 2000	2,335
2001 to 2010	2,930
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,960
2011 to 2015	1,895
2016 to 2021	3,070
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,660
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,580
Under 5 years	1,870
5 to 14 years	2,890
15 to 24 years	3,040
25 to 44 years	8,255
45 years and over	1,525
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,580
Americas	3,175
Brazil	110
Colombia	125
El Salvador	55
Guyana	25
Haiti	20
Jamaica	105
Mexico	245
Peru	35
Trinidad and Tobago	40
United States of America	1,945
Other places of birth in Americas	475
Europe	6,655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30
Croatia	40
France	160
Germany	590
Greece	30
Hungary	100
Italy	135
Netherlands	315
Poland	270
Portugal	80
Romania	95
Russian Federation	255
Serbia⁸⁶	95
Ukraine	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	860
Africa	1,055
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	55
Eritrea	55
Ethiopia	110
Morocco	95
Nigeria	50
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	260
Other places of birth in Africa	390
Asia	6,365
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	260
Iraq	55
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	185
Turkey	100
China⁹⁰	1,110
Hong Kong⁹¹	210
Korea, South⁹²	400
Taiwan	110
Philippines	1,845
Viet Nam	210
Bangladesh	60
India	650
Pakistan	170
Sri Lanka	25
Other places of birth in Asia	925
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	335
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,070
Americas	470
Brazil	50
Colombia	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	45
United States of America	255
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other places of birth in Americas	65
Europe	475
France	35
Germany	50
Ireland⁹⁶	40
Italy	15
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185
Other places of birth in Europe	110
Africa	300
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	50
Morocco	25
Nigeria	30
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	10
Other places of birth in Africa	115
Asia	1,750
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	30
China⁹⁰	160
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	300
Iran⁸⁸	25
Iraq	35
Israel	0
Japan	55
Jordan	10
Korea, South⁹²	90
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	75
Philippines	585
Saudi Arabia	15
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	180
Turkey	35
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	30
Other places of birth in Asia	110
Oceania and other⁹³	70
Australia	50
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,890
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,125
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,390
Third generation or more¹⁰²	46,375
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,890
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,710
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,295
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,410
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,095
Refugees¹⁰⁸	955
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,890
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	275
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,540
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	585
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,075
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,345
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,890
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,860
South Asian	2,540
Chinese	3,075
Black	1,510
Filipino	2,340
Arab	680
Latin American	1,120
Southeast Asian	780
West Asian	445
Korean	675
Japanese	895
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	210
Multiple visible minorities	590
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,030
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,890
Canadian	7,335
English	26,790
Irish	18,205
Scottish	21,660
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,300
German	11,540
Chinese	3,285
Italian	3,205
Indian (India)	1,790
Ukrainian	4,455
Dutch	4,030
Polish	3,240
Québécois	260
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,785
Filipino	2,255
French Canadian	1,085
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,460
Métis	1,525
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,410
Russian	2,195
Norwegian	3,030
Welsh	3,210
Portuguese	695
American	2,025
Spanish	1,015
Swedish	2,070
Hungarian	1,250
Acadian	335
Pakistani	190
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	450
Jewish	1,405
Punjabi	235
Vietnamese	410
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	285
Greek	440
Jamaican	275
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	365
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	550
Korean	675
Romanian	625
Lebanese	290
Iranian	395
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220
Danish	1,385
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	495
Sikh	95
Austrian	1,090
Belgian	555
Haitian	30
Hindu	135
Mexican	440
Mennonite	330
Swiss	680
Finnish	805
Sri Lankan	35
Croatian	335
Japanese	1,015
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	785
Muslim	45
Egyptian	140
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195
Tamil	0
Icelandic	545
Colombian	185
Moroccan	120
Czech	520
Syrian	150
Guyanese	80
Afghan	25
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95
Serbian	295
Ojibway	215
Newfoundlander	140
Hong Konger	145
Ontarian	80
Persian	150
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	165
Turkish	225
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40
Bangladeshi	55
Algerian	10
Brazilian	225
Nigerian	120
Armenian	80
Slovak	230
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	350
Somali	50
Taiwanese	135
Iraqi	60
Salvadorean	55
African Caribbean	55
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	135
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90
Algonquin	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30
Lithuanian	340
South African	270
Australian	365
Palestinian	40
Chilean	155
Congolese	25
Nova Scotian	80
Ethiopian	90
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75
Peruvian	125
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60
Berber	50
Albanian	95
Maltese	50
Macedonian	10
Slovenian	100
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	285
New Brunswicker	35
Gujarati	45
Eritrean	55
African Canadian	70
Israeli	70
Mohawk	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90
Bulgarian	85
Albertan	75
Ghanaian	65
Barbadian	45
African American	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90
Tunisian	40
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90
Cuban	55
Bosnian	15
Venezuelan	100
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	175
Bengali	45
Cameroonian	20
Guatemalan	30
Indonesian	80
Laotian	10
Ilocano	105
Northern Irish	145
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	220
British Columbian	365
Ecuadorian	35
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	55
Estonian	150
Kurdish	0
Fijian	25
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70
Coptic	0
Thai	165
Dominican	65
Nepali	45
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	10
Igbo	10
Byelorussian	60
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25
New Zealander	200
Sudanese	0
Breton	45
Pennsylvania Dutch	50
Malaysian	95
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	10
Saskatchewanian	65
Buddhist	10
Gaspesian	0
Norman	35
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	30
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	65
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	40
Nicaraguan	15
Mauritian	10
Kenyan	15
Oji-Cree	20
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	55
Cape Bretoner	30
Rwandan	25
Grenadian	40
Malayali	40
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	20
Honduran	25
Cherokee	80
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	20
Flemish	30
United Empire Loyalist	50
Senegalese	10
Azerbaijani	30
Sicilian	50
Pashtun	0
Malay	15
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10
Tibetan	40
Zimbabwean	50
Burmese	30
Mongolian	25
Azorean	10
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	90
Tanzanian	20
Yemeni	15
Central African	0
Libyan	60
Basque	20
Uruguayan	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15
Igorot	20
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	20
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	20
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	10
Roma	100
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	15
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,890
Buddhist	1,220
Christian	24,930
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,410
Anabaptist	75
Anglican	4,015
Baptist	730
Catholic	8,950
Christian Orthodox	430
Jehovah's Witness	310
Latter Day Saints	115
Lutheran	580
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	520
Presbyterian	630
Reformed	45
United Church	2,475
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,530
Hindu	670
Jewish	960
Muslim	1,690
Sikh	420
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	255
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,990
No religion and secular perspectives	55,750
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	87,305
Non-movers	69,985
Movers	17,315
Non-migrants	10,740
Migrants	6,580
Internal migrants	5,510
Intraprovincial migrants	3,120
Interprovincial migrants	2,390
External migrants	1,070
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,000
Non-movers	39,975
Movers	45,025
Non-migrants	13,785
Migrants	31,235
Internal migrants	26,085
Intraprovincial migrants	18,105
Interprovincial migrants	7,980
External migrants	5,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,470
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,670
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,800
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,995
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,530
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,465
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,500
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,935
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,065
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,860
Bachelor's degree	20,635
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,030
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	750
Master's degree	8,625
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,830
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,000
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,835
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,695
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,675
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,910
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,345
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,565
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,055
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,715
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,025
Bachelor's degree	15,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525
Master's degree	6,455
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,055
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,535
Education	3,395
13. Education	3,395
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,235
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205
50. Visual and performing arts	3,030
Humanities	4,750
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	550
23. English language and literature/letters	1,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	825
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205
38. Philosophy and religious studies	355
39. Theology and religious vocations	245
54. History	830
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,400
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	340
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,190
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885
22. Legal professions and studies	1,260
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	315
42. Psychology	2,055
45. Social sciences	4,365
Business, management and public administration	9,320
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,725
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	430
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80
40. Physical sciences	855
41. Science technologies/technicians	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,500
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,855
25. Library science	260
27. Mathematics and statistics	315
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,325
04. Architecture and related services	530
14. Engineering	1,990
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	1,365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	650
48. Precision production	510
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465
03. Natural resources and conservation	640
Health and related fields	7,845
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,975
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	255
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,290
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,610
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45
43. Security and protective services	310
49. Transportation and materials moving	315
Other¹⁷⁹	55
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,995
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,305
Education	1,845
13. Education	1,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,395
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130
50. Visual and performing arts	2,260
Humanities	3,265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	355
23. English language and literature/letters	1,080
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	620
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150
38. Philosophy and religious studies	265
39. Theology and religious vocations	105
54. History	595
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,800
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	985
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	665
22. Legal professions and studies	915
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	255
42. Psychology	1,410
45. Social sciences	3,305
Business, management and public administration	6,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	965
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,735
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,995
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70
40. Physical sciences	580
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,015
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,635
25. Library science	140
27. Mathematics and statistics	200
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,570
04. Architecture and related services	415
14. Engineering	1,530
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	815
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	450
48. Precision production	335
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345
03. Natural resources and conservation	550
Health and related fields	5,500
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,890
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,685
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,175
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30
43. Security and protective services	255
49. Transportation and materials moving	215
Other¹⁷⁹	45
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,995
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,695
Location of study inside Canada	31,795
Same as province or territory of residence	22,345
Different than province or territory of residence	9,450
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,900
Americas	1,975
United States of America	1,390
Mexico	145
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	155
Colombia	55
Peru	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	125
Europe	1,925
Belgium	10
France	110
Germany	110
Netherlands	65
Switzerland	40
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	35
Romania	15
Russian Federation	95
Ukraine	55
Ireland⁹⁶	80
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	60
Serbia⁸⁶	35
Other locations of study in Europe	215
Africa	255
Nigeria	10
Algeria	0
Morocco	30
Tunisia	15
Egypt	20
South Africa, Republic of	80
Other locations of study in Africa	110
Asia	2,365
Iran⁸⁸	100
Iraq	15
Israel	15
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	50
China⁹⁰	215
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	45
Japan	195
Korea, South⁹²	200
Philippines	870
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	10
Sri Lanka	0
India	380
Pakistan	45
Other locations of study in Asia	135
Oceania	390
Australia	325
New Zealand	60
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,470
In the labour force	53,400
Employed	49,070
Unemployed	4,330
Not in the labour force	26,075
Participation rate	67.2
Employment rate	61.7
Unemployment rate	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,470
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,000
Worked	53,470
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,030
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,445
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,400
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,535
Employee	44,135
Permanent position	36,595
Temporary position	7,545
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,595
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,950
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,390
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,400
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,535
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	760
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,385
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,270
3 Health occupations	4,965
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,850
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,915
6 Sales and service occupations	13,395
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,485
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	755
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	745
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,400
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870
All industries¹⁹¹	52,535
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130
22 Utilities	80
23 Construction	2,955
31-33 Manufacturing	1,530
41 Wholesale trade	640
44-45 Retail trade	5,385
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,435
51 Information and cultural industries	1,325
52 Finance and insurance	1,305
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,135
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,170
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,470
61 Educational services	4,450
62 Health care and social assistance	7,855
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,550
72 Accommodation and food services	4,690
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090
91 Public administration	6,915
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,845
English	54,690
French	100
Non-official language	110
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	110
English and French	795
English and non-official language(s)	1,070
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,845
Single responses	56,605
Official languages	56,345
English	56,120
French	225
Non-official languages	265
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	260
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	70
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90
Chinese languages	90
Hakka	0
Mandarin	35
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	235
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	150
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,845
None	55,110
English	250
French	605
Non-official language	705
Indigenous³⁹	25
Non-Indigenous	675
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	100
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,065
Worked at home	14,725
Worked outside Canada	110
No fixed workplace address	5,195
Usual place of work	29,040
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,040
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	495
Commute to a different province or territory	155
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,230
Car, truck or van	18,245
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,695
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,550
Public transit	3,800
Walked	7,690
Bicycle	3,300
Other method	1,200
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,230
Less than 15 minutes	12,885
15 to 29 minutes	14,570
30 to 44 minutes	4,840
45 to 59 minutes	1,105
60 minutes and over	830
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,230
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,010
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,390
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,825
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,095
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,745
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,175
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,325
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,065
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	610
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	305
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,455

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed September 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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