Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Wolfville, Town (T)More information: Nova Scotia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,057	...	...
Population, 2016¹	4,195	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,856	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,441	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	783.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,060	2,325	2,725
0 to 14 years	415	215	205
0 to 4 years	115	50	60
5 to 9 years	150	75	75
10 to 14 years	155	90	70
15 to 64 years	3,310	1,595	1,720
15 to 19 years	335	155	175
20 to 24 years	910	440	475
25 to 29 years	370	200	170
30 to 34 years	235	120	115
35 to 39 years	190	95	90
40 to 44 years	220	100	120
45 to 49 years	185	90	100
50 to 54 years	240	115	125
55 to 59 years	320	140	180
60 to 64 years	315	145	165
65 years and over	1,330	520	810
65 to 69 years	325	130	195
70 to 74 years	345	150	190
75 to 79 years	245	100	145
80 to 84 years	205	80	125
85 years and over	210	50	160
85 to 89 years	115	35	85
90 to 94 years	60	15	45
95 to 99 years	25	5	20
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8.2	9.2	7.5
15 to 64 years	65.4	68.6	63.1
65 years and over	26.3	22.4	29.7
85 years and over	4.2	2.2	5.9
Average age of the population	44.4	42.0	46.5
Median age of the population	41.6	36.0	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,440	...	...
Single-detached house	855	...	...
Semi-detached house	105	...	...
Row house	110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,260	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,440	...	...
1 person	975	...	...
2 persons	925	...	...
3 persons	265	...	...
4 persons	190	...	...
5 or more persons	85	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,850	2,265	2,590
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,640	2,115	2,525
Married or living common-law	2,050	1,015	1,035
Married	1,590	790	800
Living common-law	455	225	235
Living common law - Never married	360	180	180
Living common law - Separated	15	5	5
Living common law - Divorced	75	35	40
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	5
Not married and not living common-law	2,595	1,100	1,495
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,845	905	945
Not married and not living common law - Separated	100	45	55
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	305	90	215
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	340	55	285
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,160	...	...
2 persons	765	...	...
3 persons	190	...	...
4 persons	145	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,160	...	...
Total couple families	1,000	...	...
Married couples	775	...	...
With children⁶	290	...	...
Without children	480	...	...
Common-law couples	230	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...
Without children	180	...	...
Total one-parent families	155	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	140	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	4,855	2,265	2,590
Total - Persons in census families	2,965	1,445	1,520
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,005	995	1,010
Parents in one-parent families	160	20	135
Children⁶	805	430	375
In a two-parent family	585	310	280
In a one-parent family	220	125	95
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,885	820	1,065
Living alone	970	355	615
Living with other relatives⁷	75	25	45
Living with non-relatives only	840	435	410
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,440	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,085	...	...
Couple-family households	945	...	...
With children⁶	320	...	...
Without children	625	...	...
One-parent-family households	140	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	40	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	325	...	...
One-person households	970	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	4,440	2,050	2,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,325	1,990	2,335
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,400	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,325	1,990	2,335
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	31,000	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,950	1,835	2,115
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,000	28,200	20,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,885	1,425	1,460
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	18,000	20,800	15,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,665	1,620	2,040
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,200	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	165	185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,360	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,405	670	735
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,430	2,040	2,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,300	1,980	2,325
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,760	50,320	38,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,300	1,980	2,325
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,760	41,480	32,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,905	1,830	2,075
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,240	45,160	32,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,825	1,415	1,410
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,520	39,240	29,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,695	1,660	2,040
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,490	10,230	10,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	185	185
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,160	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,350	665	680
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,020	8,120	7,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,430	2,040	2,390
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	945	550	395
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	53,600	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,200	73,600	63,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,525	670	855
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	10,600	11,700	10,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,760	17,560	17,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.0	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.9	55.8	47.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	17.0	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	6.0	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.8	5.4	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	4,440	2,050	2,390
Without total income	115	60	55
With total income	4,325	1,990	2,335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	450	175	265
$10,000 to $19,999	735	315	420
$20,000 to $29,999	915	385	525
$30,000 to $39,999	545	255	295
$40,000 to $49,999	390	190	195
$50,000 to $59,999	295	125	165
$60,000 to $69,999	195	90	110
$70,000 to $79,999	180	85	100
$80,000 to $89,999	160	95	70
$90,000 to $99,999	95	50	40
$100,000 and over	370	230	140
$100,000 to $149,999	245	150	95
$150,000 and over	125	80	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	4,440	2,050	2,390
Without after-tax income	115	60	55
With after-tax income	4,325	1,990	2,335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	485	195	295
$10,000 to $19,999	760	320	440
$20,000 to $29,999	1,020	435	580
$30,000 to $39,999	620	290	325
$40,000 to $49,999	430	200	230
$50,000 to $59,999	290	135	155
$60,000 to $69,999	230	115	115
$70,000 to $79,999	155	90	65
$80,000 to $89,999	90	45	45
$90,000 to $99,999	65	45	20
$100,000 and over	195	120	75
$100,000 to $124,999	110	70	35
$125,000 and over	90	50	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	4,440	2,050	2,390
Without employment income	1,555	625	935
With employment income	2,890	1,425	1,460
Under $5,000 (including loss)	585	265	315
$5,000 to $9,999	420	185	230
$10,000 to $19,999	520	250	270
$20,000 to $29,999	310	145	170
$30,000 to $39,999	225	125	105
$40,000 to $49,999	170	95	75
$50,000 to $59,999	105	55	55
$60,000 to $69,999	85	40	45
$70,000 to $79,999	100	55	45
$80,000 to $89,999	80	40	40
$90,000 to $99,999	50	30	25
$100,000 and over	235	150	90
$100,000 to $124,999	95	55	35
$125,000 and over	145	90	50
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	4,440	2,050	2,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,215	1,935	2,285
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	31,200	25,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,225	1,935	2,285
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,400	28,200	23,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,935	1,825	2,110
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,800	28,600	21,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,965	1,460	1,510
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	17,400	19,800	15,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,160	1,360	1,800
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	2,640	6,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	275	120	150
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,600	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,430	2,040	2,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,180	1,900	2,280
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	48,920	35,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,185	1,905	2,280
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,760	40,040	30,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,900	1,805	2,100
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,280	45,680	31,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,925	1,435	1,495
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,360	38,600	28,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,185	1,355	1,825
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,980	7,680	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	140	155
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	6,100	6,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,430	2,040	2,390
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	935	550	385
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	47,600	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,800	70,000	59,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,450	625	830
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,200	11,800	10,900
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,180	19,300	19,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	88.8	81.6
Employment income (%)	55.9	59.5	51.8
Government transfers (%)	14.6	11.2	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,440	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	970	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,470	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,445	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	990	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,450	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,440	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	170	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	125	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	140	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	195	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	145	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	130	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	100	...	...
$100,000 and over	640	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	135	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	145	...	...
$200,000 and over	150	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,440	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	165	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	130	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	145	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	220	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	160	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	120	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	100	...	...
$100,000 and over	465	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	195	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	95	...	...
$150,000 and over	180	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,175	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	645	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	340	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,815	790	1,020
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,600	25,800	25,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,000	24,800	25,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,155	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	620	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	380	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,815	780	1,035
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,680	34,600	33,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,560	30,000	29,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	4,850	2,260	2,590
0 to 17 years	515	270	245
0 to 5 years	135	60	75
18 to 64 years	3,110	1,495	1,615
65 years and over	1,230	505	725
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	980	395	580
0 to 17 years	80	45	40
0 to 5 years	30	10	15
18 to 64 years	725	300	425
65 years and over	170	50	120
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.2	17.5	22.5
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	17.0	15.0
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	20.0	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	23.3	20.2	26.2
65 years and over (%)	13.9	10.0	16.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	4,855	2,265	2,590
0 to 17 years	515	265	250
0 to 5 years	135	60	75
18 to 64 years	3,115	1,490	1,620
65 years and over	1,225	500	725
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	550	255	295
0 to 17 years	35	20	10
0 to 5 years	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	495	230	270
65 years and over	20	5	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.3	11.2	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	7.0	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	15.3	16.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	4,850	2,260	2,590
In bottom half of the distribution	3,125	1,435	1,690
In bottom decile	1,135	520	615
In second decile	710	310	400
In third decile	540	250	290
In fourth decile	365	185	185
In fifth decile	375	170	205
In top half of the distribution	1,725	830	900
In sixth decile	355	170	190
In seventh decile	305	145	160
In eighth decile	350	170	180
In ninth decile	330	155	175
In top decile	390	190	200
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	4,855	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.379	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.487	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.331	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	4,960	2,310	2,645
English only	4,215	1,990	2,230
French only	0	0	0
English and French	730	320	405
Neither English nor French	15	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	4,960	2,310	2,645
English	4,850	2,260	2,595
French	85	45	40
English and French	10	0	5
Neither English nor French	10	0	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	4,960	2,310	2,645
Single responses	4,830	2,250	2,580
Official languages	4,360	2,025	2,340
English	4,275	1,975	2,305
French	80	45	40
Non-official languages	470	230	240
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	230	240
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	10	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	270	130	135
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	15	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	35	50
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	15	30
German	45	15	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	55	30
Indo-Aryan languages	75	50	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0
Hindi	15	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10
Urdu	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	55
Chinese languages	90	40	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	30	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	130	65	70
English and French	35	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	35
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	4,960	2,310	2,645
English	4,405	2,050	2,355
French	15	5	10
Non-official language	100	40	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	40	60
English and French	75	35	40
English and non-official language(s)	340	170	175
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	4,960	2,310	2,645
Single responses	4,875	2,265	2,610
Official languages	4,660	2,170	2,495
English	4,635	2,160	2,475
French	30	10	15
Non-official languages	210	100	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	100	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	45	60
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	5	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	15
German	15	0	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	30
Chinese languages	55	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	45	40
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	4,960	2,310	2,645
None	4,585	2,130	2,455
English	105	50	50
French	60	30	30
Non-official language	165	75	95
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	170	75	95
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	4,850	2,280	2,570
Official languages	4,830	2,270	2,560
English	4,830	2,270	2,560
French	775	320	455
Non-official languages	730	375	355
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	375	355
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	25	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	20	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	25	20	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	495	250	245
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	35	55
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	35	20	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	0	20
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	130	55	75
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	85	30	55
German	85	25	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10
Danish	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	90	40
Indo-Aryan languages	120	85	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	85	60	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	55	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	65	80
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	10	30
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	105	50	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15
Korean	25	20	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	15	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	20
American Sign Language	20	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	50	40
Chinese languages	90	50	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	40	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,850	2,280	2,570
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	210	100	120
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	200	85	110
First Nations (North American Indian)	130	55	75
Métis	60	25	30
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	4,640	2,180	2,455
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,850	2,280	2,570
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	60	10	45
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,795	2,265	2,530
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,440	...	...
Owner	940	...	...
Renter	1,500	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,440	...	...
Condominium	125	...	...
Not condominium	2,315	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,440	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	545	...	...
2 bedrooms	840	...	...
3 bedrooms	555	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,440	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	995	...	...
5 rooms	405	...	...
6 rooms	300	...	...
7 rooms	245	...	...
8 or more rooms	495	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,440	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,420	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,440	...	...
Suitable	2,355	...	...
Not suitable	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,440	...	...
1960 or before	555	...	...
1961 to 1980	565	...	...
1981 to 1990	310	...	...
1991 to 2000	290	...	...
2001 to 2005	170	...	...
2006 to 2010	175	...	...
2011 to 2015	175	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,440	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,280	...	...
Major repairs needed	160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,440	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,345	...	...
Two-maintainer household	965	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,440	...	...
15 to 24 years	400	...	...
25 to 34 years	340	...	...
35 to 44 years	220	...	...
45 to 54 years	255	...	...
55 to 64 years	350	...	...
65 to 74 years	455	...	...
75 to 84 years	310	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,435	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,735	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	705	...	...
30% to less than 100%	615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,440	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	915	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	670	...	...
Not suitable only	80	...	...
Major repairs needed only	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,525	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,345	...	...
In core need	185	...	...
Not in core need	2,160	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	940	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,292	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	422,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,495	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	997	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	4,855	2,280	2,575
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	60	25	40
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	60	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	20	30
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	165	65	95
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	155	65	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	60	75
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	4,630	2,190	2,440
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	4,855	2,285	2,570
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,335	1,995	2,345
Canadian citizens aged under 18	460	250	210
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,875	1,745	2,130
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	515	290	225
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	4,855	2,285	2,570
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	3,935	1,830	2,105
Immigrants⁸¹	535	215	320
Before 1980	230	100	125
1980 to 1990	55	15	40
1991 to 2000	55	30	30
2001 to 2010	70	15	55
2011 to 2021⁸²	130	60	70
2011 to 2015	40	25	20
2016 to 2021	80	30	45
Non-permanent residents⁸³	380	235	150
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	535	215	320
Under 5 years	65	20	45
5 to 14 years	115	45	65
15 to 24 years	90	40	45
25 to 44 years	225	90	135
45 years and over	45	15	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	535	215	320
Americas	95	35	60
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	80	30	50
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	300	130	175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	55	15	40
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	15	10	0
Poland	15	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	65	80
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15
Africa	30	20	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	105	35	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	80	30	50
Americas	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	45	20	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	4,850	2,280	2,570
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,065	540	525
Second generation¹⁰¹	585	245	345
Third generation or more¹⁰²	3,200	1,500	1,700
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	310	115	195
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	125	50	70
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	30	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	80	25	60
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	105	35	70
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	25	40
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	310	115	195
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	70	35	40
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	15	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	180	65	115
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	4,850	2,280	2,570
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	615	340	280
South Asian	155	100	50
Chinese	105	55	50
Black	180	100	80
Filipino	0	0	0
Arab	40	30	10
Latin American	20	10	15
Southeast Asian	35	10	30
West Asian	20	15	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	10	10	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	4,235	1,945	2,295
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	4,855	2,280	2,570
Canadian	720	415	310
English	1,245	525	720
Irish	1,040	455	580
Scottish	1,240	545	695
French, n.o.s.¹²²	480	215	265
German	595	245	355
Chinese	120	60	55
Italian	135	55	80
Indian (India)	75	40	40
Ukrainian	50	15	35
Dutch	200	80	115
Polish	65	25	45
Québécois	10	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	410	205	205
Filipino	20	10	15
French Canadian	10	0	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	180	120	55
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	45	0	35
Métis	30	10	25
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	235	95	140
Russian	25	10	15
Norwegian	55	25	25
Welsh	130	70	65
Portuguese	0	0	0
American	95	45	45
Spanish	15	0	15
Swedish	80	30	50
Hungarian	15	0	10
Acadian	185	105	80
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55	40	15
Jewish	40	20	20
Punjabi	25	25	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10
Jamaican	20	10	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	15	15
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	40	20	20
Iranian	15	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	30	10	25
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	15	10	10
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	30	20	15
Belgian	20	0	15
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	20	0	15
Swiss	15	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	10	10
Croatian	15	0	10
Japanese	15	0	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	25	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	15	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	0	25
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	0	15
Newfoundlander	20	0	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	15	0	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	10	10	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	90	45	45
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15
New Brunswicker	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	10	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	10	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	4,850	2,280	2,575
Buddhist	30	15	15
Christian	2,260	980	1,275
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	370	170	205
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	420	170	255
Baptist	415	165	250
Catholic	460	215	240
Christian Orthodox	20	10	10
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10
Lutheran	20	15	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	30	15	10
Presbyterian	55	30	30
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	325	140	190
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	115	35	80
Hindu	50	35	15
Jewish	20	0	15
Muslim	65	40	30
Sikh	55	45	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	55	25	30
No religion and secular perspectives	2,325	1,145	1,180
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	4,815	2,245	2,570
Non-movers	3,625	1,675	1,945
Movers	1,190	570	620
Non-migrants	425	220	205
Migrants	765	345	415
Internal migrants	675	315	365
Intraprovincial migrants	390	200	190
Interprovincial migrants	290	120	175
External migrants	85	30	55
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	4,740	2,210	2,530
Non-movers	1,880	840	1,040
Movers	2,855	1,370	1,490
Non-migrants	555	265	290
Migrants	2,300	1,100	1,200
Internal migrants	1,830	830	1,000
Intraprovincial migrants	1,175	580	600
Interprovincial migrants	660	250	400
External migrants	475	270	200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,430	2,040	2,390
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	365	195	170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,070	1,850	2,220
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,980	960	1,015
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	135	85	55
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,840	880	960
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,430	2,040	2,390
No certificate, diploma or degree	325	170	155
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,395	610	790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,710	1,265	1,445
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	375	445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	150	90	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	85	30	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	65	55	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	560	255	305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	35	80
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,895	885	1,000
Bachelor's degree	1,080	500	585
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	50	25	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	25	20
Master's degree	490	190	295
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	145	75
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,975	960	1,015
No certificate, diploma or degree	130	75	55
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	420	225	195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,430	660	765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	355	160	200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	30	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	15	30
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	245	115	130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50	15	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,075	500	570
Bachelor's degree	625	310	320
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25
Master's degree	245	90	160
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	75	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,435	2,045	2,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,715	775	940
Education	345	100	245
13. Education	345	100	245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	45	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	40	55
Humanities	270	115	155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	125	40	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	25	0
54. History	25	0	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	455	215	235
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	20	25
22. Legal professions and studies	30	20	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	125	45	80
45. Social sciences	195	120	80
Business, management and public administration	465	190	270
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	20	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	415	175	245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	200	130	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	65	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	50	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	75	15
25. Library science	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	215	180	35
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10
14. Engineering	65	55	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	50	50	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	30	10
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	95	50	40
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	20	10
Health and related fields	345	95	245
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	40	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	265	50	210
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	45	35
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	65	35	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,975	960	1,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	550	300	250
Education	150	45	100
13. Education	150	45	100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	65	35	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	60	35	30
Humanities	135	55	80
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	70	25	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0
54. History	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	270	105	165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	30	10	20
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	75	25	50
45. Social sciences	115	65	50
Business, management and public administration	240	100	135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	225	85	130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	100	65	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	35	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	25	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	70	40	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	40	10
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	110	90	20
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	35	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	15	10
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	55	25	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	45	20	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
Health and related fields	185	80	105
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	30	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	135	45	85
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	50	15	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	50	15	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,975	960	1,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	550	300	250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,430	665	770
Location of study inside Canada	1,235	575	660
Same as province or territory of residence	800	385	415
Different than province or territory of residence	425	190	240
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	200	90	105
Americas	35	15	20
United States of America	35	15	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	100	50	50
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	65	30	40
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10
India	15	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,430	2,040	2,390
In the labour force	2,590	1,300	1,290
Employed	2,100	1,055	1,050
Unemployed	485	250	245
Not in the labour force	1,840	740	1,100
Participation rate	58.5	63.7	54.0
Employment rate	47.4	51.7	43.9
Unemployment rate	18.7	19.2	19.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,435	2,045	2,385
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,765	720	1,045
Worked	2,665	1,320	1,340
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	990	585	400
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,675	735	940
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.5	37.4	35.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,590	1,300	1,290
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	50	40
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,505	1,255	1,250
Employee	2,190	1,100	1,085
Permanent position	1,385	770	615
Temporary position	800	335	470
Fixed term (1 year or more)	220	80	135
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	585	250	330
Self-employed¹⁹²	325	155	170
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,590	1,300	1,290
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	50	40
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,505	1,255	1,250
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	30	10	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	270	110	165
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	190	140	50
3 Health occupations	220	75	145
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	515	215	305
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	120	40	75
6 Sales and service occupations	800	360	435
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	210	195	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	45	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	80	65	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,590	1,300	1,290
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	50	40
All industries¹⁹¹	2,505	1,255	1,250
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	40	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	10	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0
23 Construction	80	70	10
31-33 Manufacturing	120	95	20
41 Wholesale trade	20	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	300	130	170
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	65	55	0
51 Information and cultural industries	60	25	40
52 Finance and insurance	55	45	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	55	40	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	155	105	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	80	50	30
61 Educational services	495	195	290
62 Health care and social assistance	335	115	220
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	85	30	50
72 Accommodation and food services	350	165	190
81 Other services (except public administration)	75	25	50
91 Public administration	100	40	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,910	1,415	1,500
English	2,795	1,365	1,430
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	85	30	60
English and non-official language(s)	30	25	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,910	1,415	1,500
Single responses	2,910	1,410	1,500
Official languages	2,905	1,410	1,500
English	2,870	1,400	1,475
French	30	10	25
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,910	1,415	1,500
None	2,800	1,365	1,435
English	30	10	20
French	55	15	40
Non-official language	25	25	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	25	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,105	1,055	1,050
Worked at home	480	205	275
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	180	130	45
Usual place of work	1,430	705	725
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,435	710	725
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	510	215	295
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	720	380	340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	185	105	85
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,610	840	770
Car, truck or van	1,260	670	590
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,165	620	545
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	90	45	45
Public transit	45	30	15
Walked	220	85	135
Bicycle	30	20	10
Other method	60	40	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,610	840	770
Less than 15 minutes	735	360	375
15 to 29 minutes	560	300	260
30 to 44 minutes	185	90	95
45 to 59 minutes	65	35	35
60 minutes and over	75	65	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,610	840	770
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40	25	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	240	145	95
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	395	180	210
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	375	175	195
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	245	135	110
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	320	180	140
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	520	270	250
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	505	255	240
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	400	215	190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	390	205	185

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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