Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove			Northwest TerritoriesMore information: [Territory] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,000,879	...	...	41,070	...	...
Population, 2016¹	4,648,055	...	...	41,786	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.6	...	...	- 1.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,211,694	...	...	17,603	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,041,834	...	...	15,207	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	920,686.55	...	...	1,127,711.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365	41,070	20,840	20,230
0 to 14 years	716,900	369,250	347,650	8,475	4,315	4,160
0 to 4 years	216,825	111,015	105,805	2,825	1,480	1,345
5 to 9 years	244,290	125,810	118,485	2,820	1,420	1,400
10 to 14 years	255,790	132,425	123,365	2,830	1,415	1,410
15 to 64 years	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995	28,485	14,420	14,065
15 to 19 years	253,690	131,245	122,445	2,530	1,280	1,250
20 to 24 years	294,650	151,505	143,145	2,555	1,340	1,215
25 to 29 years	337,090	170,500	166,585	3,150	1,610	1,540
30 to 34 years	358,585	178,925	179,660	3,510	1,710	1,795
35 to 39 years	353,350	175,175	178,175	3,135	1,570	1,565
40 to 44 years	319,740	156,480	163,260	2,980	1,465	1,510
45 to 49 years	310,035	149,520	160,515	2,620	1,310	1,315
50 to 54 years	329,005	158,540	170,460	2,730	1,385	1,345
55 to 59 years	356,345	172,520	183,825	2,920	1,515	1,405
60 to 64 years	355,130	170,210	184,920	2,365	1,235	1,130
65 years and over	1,016,365	473,640	542,720	4,110	2,110	2,000
65 to 69 years	319,405	152,705	166,700	1,650	870	785
70 to 74 years	272,365	130,370	141,995	1,115	595	520
75 to 79 years	181,075	86,060	95,015	695	350	350
80 to 84 years	121,055	55,285	65,780	350	145	205
85 years and over	122,465	49,225	73,235	290	140	145
85 to 89 years	74,315	32,315	42,005	155	90	65
90 to 94 years	36,840	13,715	23,120	115	45	70
95 to 99 years	9,790	2,865	6,925	15	10	10
100 years and over	1,515	330	1,185	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.0	13.7	20.6	20.7	20.6
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.7	65.0	69.4	69.2	69.5
65 years and over	20.3	19.3	21.3	10.0	10.1	9.9
85 years and over	2.4	2.0	2.9	0.7	0.7	0.7
Average age of the population	43.1	42.2	43.9	36.4	36.4	36.3
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.0	35.6	35.6	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,041,835	...	...	15,210	...	...
Single-detached house	866,340	...	...	8,600	...	...
Semi-detached house	62,890	...	...	1,065	...	...
Row house	168,590	...	...	1,630	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	249,835	...	...	370	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	417,475	...	...	2,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	221,845	...	...	300	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,760	...	...	115	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	51,100	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
1 person	600,705	...	...	3,985	...	...
2 persons	719,865	...	...	4,490	...	...
3 persons	296,200	...	...	2,560	...	...
4 persons	256,700	...	...	2,400	...	...
5 or more persons	168,355	...	...	1,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	40,375	20,435	19,945
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715	32,595	16,530	16,065
Married or living common-law	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280	17,435	8,725	8,705
Married	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000	11,415	5,740	5,670
Living common-law	427,970	214,680	213,285	6,020	2,980	3,040
Living common law - Never married	313,560	158,045	155,515	5,165	2,535	2,630
Living common law - Separated	17,220	8,940	8,285	160	85	75
Living common law - Divorced	87,370	43,700	43,670	635	325	305
Living common law - Widowed	9,815	3,995	5,820	65	25	35
Not married and not living common-law	1,819,845	858,415	961,435	15,160	7,805	7,355
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,202,625	653,345	549,280	11,950	6,565	5,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated	110,710	47,290	63,420	735	355	380
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	283,035	109,615	173,420	1,405	610	795
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	223,475	48,165	175,310	1,070	270	800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,399,405	...	...	11,010	...	...
2 persons	763,875	...	...	5,060	...	...
3 persons	290,335	...	...	2,520	...	...
4 persons	255,295	...	...	2,200	...	...
5 or more persons	89,900	...	...	1,225	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,399,405	...	...	11,015	...	...
Total couple families	1,190,930	...	...	8,440	...	...
Married couples	977,010	...	...	5,430	...	...
With children⁶	496,240	...	...	3,365	...	...
Without children	480,770	...	...	2,070	...	...
Common-law couples	213,925	...	...	3,010	...	...
With children⁶	64,570	...	...	1,575	...	...
Without children	149,355	...	...	1,435	...	...
Total one-parent families	208,475	...	...	2,570	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	161,820	...	...	1,880	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	46,655	...	...	690	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	40,375	20,435	19,945
Total - Persons in census families	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120	33,230	16,490	16,740
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515	16,885	8,390	8,490
Parents in one-parent families	208,475	46,660	161,820	2,575	690	1,880
Children⁶	1,307,575	695,790	611,785	13,775	7,410	6,370
In a two-parent family	1,001,235	529,410	471,830	9,660	5,180	4,485
In a one-parent family	306,340	166,380	139,960	4,115	2,235	1,880
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,018,030	483,010	535,015	7,145	3,945	3,200
Living alone	600,705	273,740	326,960	3,985	2,160	1,825
Living with other relatives⁷	139,900	56,735	83,160	1,335	685	645
Living with non-relatives only	277,425	152,535	124,890	1,830	1,100	725
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,041,830	...	...	15,205	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,157,520	...	...	8,990	...	...
Couple-family households	1,002,775	...	...	7,230	...	...
With children⁶	463,945	...	...	4,310	...	...
Without children	538,825	...	...	2,920	...	...
One-parent-family households	154,745	...	...	1,765	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	75,700	...	...	630	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20,325	...	...	120	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	79,015	...	...	700	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	108,570	...	...	780	...	...
One-person households	600,705	...	...	3,980	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	31,915	16,125	15,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490	31,745	16,040	15,705
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	36,000	56,800	58,800	55,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630	31,745	16,040	15,700
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,600	51,200	52,000	50,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405	27,470	13,940	13,530
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,600	28,400	60,400	63,600	57,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030	25,555	13,070	12,485
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	31,200	60,400	63,200	58,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925	31,670	16,000	15,665
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,100	10,600	2,860	1,660	4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370,345	168,520	201,825	3,115	1,635	1,480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	6,280	6,280	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,106,935	526,910	580,025	9,030	4,685	4,345
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	31,915	16,125	15,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875	31,735	16,025	15,710
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	63,500	45,800	69,400	72,900	65,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025	31,735	16,025	15,710
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,900	39,600	58,300	60,300	56,250
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535	27,435	13,865	13,570
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	60,800	40,440	69,900	74,900	64,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635	25,555	13,020	12,535
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	59,800	40,840	68,800	73,000	64,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205	31,665	15,985	15,680
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,030	10,490	11,490	8,970	8,100	9,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	368,410	167,495	200,910	3,105	1,585	1,525
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540	6,030	6,970	8,100	7,430	8,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,102,145	524,940	577,205	9,175	4,795	4,380
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,110	8,940	9,260	9,790	9,680	9,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	31,915	16,130	15,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,301,410	737,105	564,300	13,805	7,140	6,660
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	71,500	57,600	94,000	98,000	90,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	86,600	66,000	96,700	100,200	92,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,195,830	547,835	647,995	7,695	3,835	3,855
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	17,400	25,800	28,600	23,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	36,160	25,840	39,520	43,320	35,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.0	78.2	87.2	89.0	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.8	60.4	79.8	81.4	78.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	12.9	21.9	12.9	11.1	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.5	7.1	4.5	4.2	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.1	4.0	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	31,915	16,125	15,790
Without total income	124,155	60,445	63,710	170	85	85
With total income	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490	31,745	16,040	15,700
Under $10,000 (including loss)	385,230	166,325	218,900	3,340	1,725	1,620
$10,000 to $19,999	474,245	197,530	276,715	2,420	1,215	1,210
$20,000 to $29,999	627,895	264,860	363,035	3,400	1,715	1,685
$30,000 to $39,999	515,780	222,825	292,955	2,860	1,340	1,525
$40,000 to $49,999	442,130	198,985	243,150	2,410	1,155	1,255
$50,000 to $59,999	363,335	172,380	190,950	2,045	980	1,065
$60,000 to $69,999	284,130	149,100	135,030	1,755	850	910
$70,000 to $79,999	221,755	125,565	96,190	1,895	915	980
$80,000 to $89,999	172,110	101,195	70,915	1,625	730	890
$90,000 to $99,999	136,185	81,180	55,005	1,560	730	830
$100,000 and over	453,550	307,905	145,645	8,425	4,695	3,730
$100,000 to $149,999	297,440	194,595	102,850	6,065	3,170	2,895
$150,000 and over	156,105	113,310	42,800	2,355	1,525	835
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	31,915	16,125	15,790
Without after-tax income	121,690	59,120	62,575	170	85	85
With after-tax income	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630	31,740	16,040	15,705
Under $10,000 (including loss)	402,375	172,800	229,575	3,400	1,745	1,650
$10,000 to $19,999	490,875	204,625	286,255	2,490	1,255	1,235
$20,000 to $29,999	705,795	299,550	406,245	3,680	1,860	1,825
$30,000 to $39,999	593,485	261,620	331,865	3,270	1,575	1,690
$40,000 to $49,999	502,775	233,645	269,135	2,735	1,300	1,435
$50,000 to $59,999	387,850	198,895	188,955	2,480	1,215	1,265
$60,000 to $69,999	283,825	160,510	123,315	2,355	1,110	1,245
$70,000 to $79,999	207,535	122,690	84,840	2,115	960	1,150
$80,000 to $89,999	150,155	91,640	58,515	2,050	995	1,055
$90,000 to $99,999	99,015	63,800	35,220	1,975	1,025	945
$100,000 and over	255,125	179,415	75,715	5,195	2,990	2,200
$100,000 to $124,999	127,025	86,835	40,195	3,255	1,725	1,525
$125,000 and over	128,100	92,585	35,515	1,940	1,265	680
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	31,915	16,125	15,790
Without employment income	1,314,135	576,965	737,165	6,360	3,060	3,305
With employment income	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035	25,555	13,065	12,485
Under $5,000 (including loss)	397,640	182,895	214,745	2,800	1,380	1,425
$5,000 to $9,999	234,130	99,970	134,165	1,585	785	805
$10,000 to $19,999	339,265	147,650	191,615	2,235	1,065	1,170
$20,000 to $29,999	266,065	118,485	147,580	1,740	855	885
$30,000 to $39,999	257,235	116,285	140,950	1,500	820	685
$40,000 to $49,999	247,550	116,085	131,470	1,380	715	660
$50,000 to $59,999	230,030	112,805	117,220	1,460	730	735
$60,000 to $69,999	190,470	105,215	85,260	1,410	675	730
$70,000 to $79,999	154,990	91,615	63,375	1,375	610	765
$80,000 to $89,999	128,265	77,550	50,715	1,425	650	775
$90,000 to $99,999	105,855	64,420	41,430	1,370	675	700
$100,000 and over	334,875	238,370	96,505	7,270	4,115	3,155
$100,000 to $124,999	154,515	102,955	51,560	3,280	1,690	1,590
$125,000 and over	180,360	135,420	44,940	3,990	2,425	1,560
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	31,915	16,125	15,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535	30,310	15,265	15,045
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	32,800	55,200	59,200	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085	30,310	15,265	15,045
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,000	49,600	52,000	47,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340	27,470	13,935	13,535
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	29,800	57,600	62,800	53,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740	25,815	13,180	12,635
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,200	30,600	57,200	61,600	53,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220	27,855	13,900	13,955
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	4,520	6,450	1,220	1,080	2,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	258,710	115,865	142,845	2,920	1,475	1,440
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,800	7,600	7,450	7,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	31,915	16,125	15,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835	30,320	15,245	15,070
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	62,250	42,880	67,800	72,600	62,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370	30,320	15,245	15,070
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,400	50,520	36,640	56,750	59,850	53,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980	27,460	13,875	13,590
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	61,850	40,560	68,400	74,300	62,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035	25,830	13,145	12,685
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,120	58,700	39,280	66,500	71,700	61,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390	27,875	13,845	14,030
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,330	8,200	8,430	6,285	5,460	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	258,380	115,595	142,790	2,885	1,460	1,425
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,140	6,310	7,810	9,160	8,780	9,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	31,915	16,130	15,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,288,260	729,135	559,120	13,670	7,025	6,645
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	68,000	52,800	90,000	95,000	85,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	82,200	60,600	91,000	96,300	85,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,128,665	516,540	612,120	7,400	3,730	3,670
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	29,400	22,600	29,000	34,000	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280	43,320	30,320	44,520	49,120	39,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.0	85.0	91.4	93.2	89.4
Employment income (%)	70.4	73.8	66.0	83.6	85.0	81.8
Government transfers (%)	10.9	8.0	14.9	8.5	6.8	10.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	600,705	...	...	3,980	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,441,130	...	...	11,225	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,041,835	...	...	15,210	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	121,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	600,425	...	...	3,985	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	78,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,680	...	...	65,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,441,410	...	...	11,220	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	168,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,600	...	...	141,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,041,835	...	...	15,210	...	...
Under $5,000	30,080	...	...	110	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,160	...	...	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	19,290	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	41,735	...	...	155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	82,340	...	...	290	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	63,830	...	...	380	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	64,895	...	...	340	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	75,105	...	...	305	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,975	...	...	370	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	73,180	...	...	315	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	144,895	...	...	645	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	139,140	...	...	600	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	131,840	...	...	670	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	122,530	...	...	655	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	112,775	...	...	680	...	...
$100,000 and over	853,065	...	...	9,530	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	235,680	...	...	1,770	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	178,970	...	...	1,585	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	221,175	...	...	2,440	...	...
$200,000 and over	217,240	...	...	3,735	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,041,835	...	...	15,210	...	...
Under $5,000	34,265	...	...	115	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,550	...	...	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	19,930	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	43,390	...	...	160	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	86,585	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	72,515	...	...	395	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	74,810	...	...	375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	85,940	...	...	355	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	85,575	...	...	385	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	85,000	...	...	335	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	168,315	...	...	805	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	160,070	...	...	790	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	149,385	...	...	800	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	136,615	...	...	900	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	121,890	...	...	890	...	...
$100,000 and over	704,010	...	...	8,445	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	243,560	...	...	2,065	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	167,850	...	...	1,655	...	...
$150,000 and over	292,600	...	...	4,725	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,364,485	...	...	10,690	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	562,590	...	...	3,075	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	561,965	...	...	5,015	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	188,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	188,585	...	...	2,190	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	878,130	426,275	451,855	5,815	3,260	2,555
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	40,800	37,600	64,000	59,600	68,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,200	34,800	56,000	53,600	59,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,363,860	...	...	10,680	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	166,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	139,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	561,775	...	...	3,065	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	167,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	563,000	...	...	5,010	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...	195,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	163,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	186,930	...	...	2,165	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	875,470	423,270	452,200	5,815	3,235	2,580
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,240	53,050	47,600	74,000	73,200	75,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,720	44,400	41,200	62,200	61,400	63,250
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	40,375	20,435	19,940
0 to 17 years	866,210	446,475	419,740	10,020	5,135	4,890
0 to 5 years	264,100	135,340	128,760	3,430	1,770	1,655
18 to 64 years	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280	26,505	13,300	13,210
65 years and over	964,710	454,590	510,120	3,850	2,000	1,850
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	528,870	246,885	281,980	2,905	1,475	1,435
0 to 17 years	98,830	51,230	47,600	1,045	555	495
0 to 5 years	29,460	15,150	14,310	420	230	190
18 to 64 years	297,960	141,460	156,505	1,525	760	770
65 years and over	132,075	54,200	77,875	340	160	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.2	11.3	7.2	7.2	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.5	11.3	10.4	10.8	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.1	12.2	13.0	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.3	10.0	5.8	5.7	5.8
65 years and over (%)	13.7	11.9	15.3	8.7	8.1	9.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	848,955	437,500	411,455	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	259,060	132,740	126,320	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435	0	0	0
65 years and over	942,860	444,195	498,660	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	279,035	139,265	139,770	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	44,480	23,070	21,410	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	11,690	6,045	5,640	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	201,000	101,455	99,545	0	0	0
65 years and over	33,555	14,740	18,815	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	5.9	5.7	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.3	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.8	6.5	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	3.6	3.3	3.8	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	40,375	20,435	19,945
In bottom half of the distribution	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605	12,265	6,215	6,050
In bottom decile	516,435	247,990	268,445	2,520	1,325	1,195
In second decile	444,845	206,090	238,750	2,565	1,255	1,305
In third decile	436,965	208,575	228,385	2,345	1,200	1,140
In fourth decile	442,745	214,155	228,590	2,520	1,270	1,255
In fifth decile	459,740	224,315	235,420	2,320	1,170	1,150
In top half of the distribution	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535	28,115	14,215	13,895
In sixth decile	475,780	234,975	240,805	2,940	1,485	1,460
In seventh decile	494,480	246,315	248,165	3,475	1,765	1,710
In eighth decile	518,565	260,640	257,925	4,235	2,085	2,150
In ninth decile	550,860	278,965	271,890	6,615	3,355	3,265
In top decile	575,535	294,785	280,750	10,845	5,525	5,320
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	4,915,940	...	...	40,380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.346	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	40,545	20,530	20,015
English only	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070	35,940	18,440	17,500
French only	1,785	810	970	100	55	50
English and French	326,865	146,310	180,565	4,295	1,940	2,360
Neither English nor French	161,720	67,240	94,475	210	100	110
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	40,545	20,530	20,015
English	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825	39,055	19,770	19,290
French	56,495	28,130	28,370	1,135	585	550
English and French	18,145	8,260	9,885	155	80	70
Neither English nor French	158,820	65,825	92,995	200	95	105
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	40,545	20,530	20,015
Single responses	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030	38,850	19,725	19,120
Official languages	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395	31,925	16,345	15,575
English	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615	30,795	15,760	15,035
French	57,420	28,645	28,780	1,130	585	545
Non-official languages	1,379,145	644,515	734,630	6,925	3,380	3,545
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,490	2,600	2,890	3,705	1,830	1,880
Algonquian languages	820	390	430	105	40	65
Blackfoot	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	630	310	320	95	35	55
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	620	305	320	95	35	55
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	20	25	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	170	75	95	20	10	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	85	55	30	5	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	305	150	155	55	25	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	65	90	15	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	135	55	85	15	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	15	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	5	25	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	45	55	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,560	710	850	3,140	1,605	1,535
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,545	705	840	3,140	1,605	1,535
Dakelh (Carrier)	615	280	335	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	40	50	5	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	70	40	30	415	200	220
Gwich'in	5	0	5	95	40	50
Slavey-Hare languages	60	25	35	1,280	660	620
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	5	10	280	140	140
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	240	105	130
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	20	20	760	410	350
Tahltan languages	85	45	40	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	10	5	0	1,350	705	640
Tse'khene (Sekani)	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	460	210	250	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	110	55	60	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	5	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haida	40	20	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	50	15	35	450	170	270
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	5	285	110	175
Inuinnaqtun	5	0	0	100	40	60
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	185	75	110
Inuktitut	35	10	25	160	60	100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	25	10	15	10	5	5
Salish languages	1,080	510	565	0	0	0
Halkomelem	180	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	100	45	50	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	180	95	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	265	120	140	0	0	0
Squamish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	95	40	45	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Assiniboine	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	5	0	0	0
Stoney	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	575	295	275	0	0	0
Nisga'a	320	155	165	0	0	0
Tsimshian	115	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	760	380	385	0	0	0
Haisla	80	30	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	295	180	115	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	215	90	125	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	70	25	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,373,655	641,910	731,745	3,220	1,550	1,670
Afro-Asiatic languages	33,195	17,710	15,485	280	170	115
Berber languages	110	70	40	10	10	0
Kabyle	70	45	30	0	0	0
Tamazight	25	15	10	10	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	50	35	15	0	0	0
Hausa	40	25	15	0	0	0
Mina	10	10	5	0	0	0
Coptic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,005	1,025	980	50	30	20
Bilen	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oromo	310	165	140	0	0	0
Somali	1,590	805	785	50	30	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages	31,020	16,575	14,450	220	130	90
Amharic	1,620	790	835	30	15	15
Arabic	22,970	12,330	10,640	145	85	55
Aramaic languages	1,505	770	735	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	580	295	280	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	800	405	390	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	125	65	60	0	0	0
Harari	15	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	2,260	1,275	980	5	5	0
Maltese	170	85	90	0	0	0
Tigrigna	2,455	1,310	1,150	50	25	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	34,145	15,270	18,875	170	75	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,530	670	865	0	0	0
Vietnamese	32,560	14,580	17,985	165	75	95
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	104,100	42,685	61,415	1,010	415	590
Bikol	425	180	240	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,375	550	825	20	10	15
Cebuano	3,585	1,405	2,175	60	15	45
Fijian	345	180	170	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,895	755	1,140	30	15	15
Ilocano	6,325	2,650	3,675	65	25	35
Indonesian	4,080	1,730	2,345	0	0	0
Kankanaey	200	85	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	125	45	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Malay	365	180	185	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	870	400	470	10	0	5
Pangasinan	395	165	230	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	82,835	33,800	49,045	790	330	460
Waray-Waray	300	125	175	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	945	425	525	5	0	5
Creole languages	925	465	460	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	115	60	50	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	40	25	15	0	0	0
Krio	35	20	15	5	0	0
Morisyen	375	170	205	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	180	100	80	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	170	85	90	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	13,260	7,225	6,035	110	60	45
Kannada	565	290	270	0	0	0
Malayalam	4,740	2,590	2,155	55	30	25
Tamil	5,055	2,645	2,405	30	15	10
Telugu	2,810	1,650	1,160	25	15	10
Tulu	70	40	30	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	160	95	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	657,345	321,395	335,955	1,050	550	495
Albanian	1,645	850	795	5	0	0
Armenian	1,350	650	695	35	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	81,655	37,525	44,135	160	75	85
Baltic languages	1,065	475	595	0	0	0
Latvian	545	250	290	0	0	0
Lithuanian	525	220	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80,590	37,050	43,540	160	75	80
Belarusian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	2,025	960	1,065	10	10	0
Czech	5,855	2,770	3,090	5	0	0
Macedonian	330	170	165	10	10	5
Polish	15,810	7,190	8,625	35	20	20
Russian	28,660	12,825	15,835	35	15	25
Rusyn	25	5	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	16,425	8,055	8,365	20	15	5
Bosnian	1,655	805	855	5	5	0
Croatian	6,805	3,255	3,545	5	5	0
Serbian	7,665	3,855	3,815	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	300	145	155	0	0	0
Slovak	3,275	1,475	1,805	20	5	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	950	430	520	5	0	0
Ukrainian	7,120	3,120	4,000	20	5	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages	415	225	190	5	5	0
Irish	110	60	40	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	80	40	35	0	0	0
Welsh	200	100	100	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	84,375	39,695	44,675	220	115	105
Frisian	200	95	105	0	0	0
High German languages	53,255	24,820	28,435	120	70	50
German	50,695	23,575	27,125	110	65	50
Pennsylvania German	15	10	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	2,330	1,130	1,205	10	0	5
Yiddish	215	110	105	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	23,295	11,250	12,040	85	40	45
Afrikaans	3,700	1,830	1,870	25	10	15
Dutch	17,345	8,325	9,020	45	25	25
Low German, n.o.s.	235	100	130	0	0	0
Low Saxon	110	60	50	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	1,580	775	810	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	165	155	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	7,530	3,465	4,060	15	5	10
Danish	3,625	1,700	1,925	0	5	0
Icelandic	215	100	115	0	0	5
Norwegian	1,520	720	795	5	0	5
Swedish	2,175	940	1,230	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	60	35	0	0	0
Greek	5,545	2,925	2,625	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	368,635	184,325	184,310	440	245	195
Indo-Aryan languages	306,465	153,205	153,260	420	235	185
Assamese	75	40	35	0	0	0
Bengali	4,765	2,640	2,125	75	35	35
Gujarati	8,250	4,130	4,120	25	15	10
Hindi	32,390	16,270	16,120	60	35	30
Kacchi	1,195	510	680	0	0	0
Kashmiri	80	50	30	0	0	0
Konkani	280	145	135	0	0	0
Marathi	1,605	840	770	0	0	0
Nepali	1,725	900	825	25	15	15
Oriya languages	110	55	55	0	0	0
Odia	65	40	30	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240,865	119,945	120,915	135	85	55
Rohingya	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sindhi	285	155	125	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,935	960	970	5	0	5
Urdu	12,210	6,195	6,015	75	35	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	325	305	5	5	5
Iranian languages	62,135	31,100	31,030	25	10	10
Baluchi	65	35	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	2,775	1,510	1,265	0	0	0
Parsi	155	85	70	0	0	0
Pashto	1,365	760	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	57,700	28,670	29,030	25	10	10
Dari	6,005	2,965	3,045	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	46,395	23,045	23,355	10	5	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5,295	2,665	2,630	10	5	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	45	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	113,685	55,180	58,505	180	85	95
Catalan	200	115	90	0	0	0
Italian	19,805	10,000	9,800	35	25	10
Portuguese	24,320	11,490	12,840	10	0	10
Romanian	8,775	4,250	4,525	15	10	5
Spanish	60,465	29,260	31,205	115	45	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	65	55	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	22,030	7,135	14,895	65	20	45
Korean	59,935	26,815	33,125	50	20	30
Mongolian	435	185	250	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,910	2,455	2,455	145	80	65
Akan (Twi)	545	300	240	10	5	5
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	75	35	35	0	0	0
Éwé	110	60	50	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ga	50	25	25	0	0	0
Ganda	160	75	90	15	10	5
Gikuyu	70	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	290	150	140	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	145	145	0	0	0
Lingala	90	50	40	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	5	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	30	15	10	5	0	0
Ndebele	50	20	30	15	5	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	225	100	120	0	0	0
Shona	355	170	185	40	15	25
Soninke	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	65	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	1,090	520	570	10	5	0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	555	305	250	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	735	360	375	25	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	420	215	200	5	5	0
Dinka	105	50	50	0	0	0
Nuer	50	25	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	105	5	0	0
African, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,000	560	440	5	5	0
American Sign Language	895	500	390	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	419,855	189,740	230,115	275	135	145
Chinese languages	417,290	188,495	228,795	275	130	140
Hakka	2,080	895	1,185	0	0	0
Mandarin	205,205	91,455	113,750	105	55	55
Min Dong	185	90	95	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,780	5,240	6,540	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,200	1,405	1,795	0	5	0
Yue (Cantonese)	192,140	88,195	103,945	145	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,560	1,155	1,405	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	60	80	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,485	1,205	1,280	5	0	0
Burmese	1,015	485	535	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	210	90	120	0	0	0
Karenic languages	725	345	380	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	645	305	335	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	0	0	0
Tibetan	395	215	185	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,395	1,380	3,015	5	0	5
Lao	1,100	525	580	0	0	0
Thai	3,170	800	2,365	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70	0	0	0
Turkic languages	6,055	3,325	2,730	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	625	345	280	0	0	0
Kazakh	115	40	75	0	0	0
Turkish	4,765	2,685	2,080	5	5	5
Uyghur	240	120	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	150	70	80	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	165	65	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages	11,275	5,160	6,115	30	15	15
Estonian	575	235	340	0	0	0
Finnish	3,005	1,240	1,760	10	0	5
Hungarian	7,700	3,685	4,015	20	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	130	70	60	0	0	0
Multiple responses	190,055	91,010	99,040	1,695	810	890
English and French	17,320	8,415	8,905	300	140	160
English and non-official language(s)	150,730	72,755	77,980	1,255	600	655
French and non-official language(s)	2,395	1,135	1,260	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,960	1,335	1,630	20	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	16,645	7,375	9,270	95	40	50
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	40,545	20,530	20,015
English	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140	31,950	16,280	15,670
French	11,050	5,420	5,625	440	215	220
Non-official language	464,235	216,230	248,005	1,845	985	860
Indigenous³⁹	645	320	325	1,085	595	485
Non-Indigenous	463,590	215,910	247,685	755	385	370
English and French	42,645	19,975	22,670	875	415	460
English and non-official language(s)	880,090	419,520	460,570	5,190	2,515	2,675
French and non-official language(s)	1,065	480	585	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	21,610	9,790	11,820	135	70	65
Multiple non-official languages	39,565	17,910	21,660	95	45	55
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	40,545	20,530	20,015
Single responses	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590	39,305	19,915	19,390
Official languages	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740	35,960	18,170	17,785
English	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900	35,345	17,875	17,470
French	17,245	8,400	8,845	615	300	315
Non-official languages	847,550	400,695	446,850	3,345	1,740	1,600
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,215	595	615	1,665	905	760
Algonquian languages	130	55	70	15	5	10
Blackfoot	10	10	5	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	110	50	60	10	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	100	45	60	10	5	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	5	15	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	5	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	465	235	230	1,565	855	705
Northern Athabaskan languages	460	230	230	1,565	855	705
Dakelh (Carrier)	215	95	120	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	5	170	90	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	0	620	345	275
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	0	130	75	60
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	105	55	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	385	215	165
Tahltan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	750	415	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	90	40	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	70	30	35
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	25	10	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	40	20	20
Inuktitut	10	5	5	20	5	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	250	120	125	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	40	15	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	210	115	100	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	65	20	40	0	0	0
Haisla	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	846,335	400,100	446,235	1,680	835	840
Afro-Asiatic languages	19,805	10,000	9,805	200	125	80
Berber languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hausa	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mina	5	5	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,150	570	585	40	25	15
Bilen	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	155	80	75	0	0	0
Somali	930	455	475	40	25	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	18,605	9,405	9,195	160	90	70
Amharic	765	345	415	20	10	10
Arabic	13,845	6,995	6,850	90	55	40
Aramaic languages	1,110	545	575	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	390	195	195	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	600	290	310	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Harari	20	5	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,030	535	500	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,810	975	840	50	35	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	21,705	9,915	11,790	115	55	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	780	360	425	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20,890	9,535	11,350	115	55	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	20	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	54,720	24,615	30,105	555	260	300
Bikol	130	65	60	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	585	260	325	10	5	5
Cebuano	1,735	780	950	30	10	20
Fijian	110	60	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	865	390	480	10	5	10
Ilocano	3,280	1,480	1,795	35	20	15
Indonesian	1,375	675	700	0	0	0
Kankanaey	105	45	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	55	20	30	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	55	30	25	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	425	195	225	0	0	0
Pangasinan	130	55	75	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45,380	20,305	25,080	465	210	245
Waray-Waray	115	65	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	355	175	180	0	0	0
Creole languages	430	200	230	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0	0	0
Krio	20	5	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	230	110	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	8,005	4,180	3,825	70	30	35
Kannada	240	125	105	0	0	0
Malayalam	2,890	1,545	1,345	40	20	25
Tamil	3,185	1,585	1,595	10	10	5
Telugu	1,645	895	750	20	10	5
Tulu	25	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	100	60	40	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	364,340	179,590	184,745	450	240	205
Albanian	690	345	345	0	0	0
Armenian	675	315	355	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	33,875	16,185	17,690	40	20	20
Baltic languages	225	115	105	0	0	0
Latvian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Lithuanian	135	70	65	0	0	0
Slavic languages	33,650	16,070	17,580	40	20	20
Belarusian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	900	430	465	5	0	5
Czech	1,760	875	890	0	0	0
Macedonian	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	5,250	2,470	2,785	10	5	5
Russian	16,090	7,655	8,435	15	10	10
Rusyn	10	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,745	3,270	3,480	0	0	0
Bosnian	720	345	380	0	0	0
Croatian	1,940	885	1,050	0	0	0
Serbian	4,010	1,990	2,015	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	1,040	510	535	10	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,630	755	870	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Irish	20	15	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	20	15	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,280	5,870	6,410	30	15	20
Frisian	10	5	5	0	0	0
High German languages	7,805	3,690	4,115	5	5	5
German	7,320	3,455	3,865	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	480	230	245	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,785	1,850	1,930	20	5	10
Afrikaans	1,725	850	870	10	5	5
Dutch	1,485	720	770	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	45	25	20	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	440	215	230	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	670	320	350	5	0	5
Danish	220	105	115	0	0	0
Icelandic	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Swedish	305	145	160	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	1,915	900	1,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	263,030	130,695	132,330	305	175	130
Indo-Aryan languages	220,735	110,140	110,605	285	165	120
Assamese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bengali	2,720	1,410	1,305	65	30	30
Gujarati	4,160	2,050	2,115	20	10	10
Hindi	17,670	8,855	8,815	35	20	20
Kacchi	455	185	275	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	15	10	0	0	0
Konkani	45	20	25	0	0	0
Marathi	780	400	380	0	0	0
Nepali	1,120	570	555	15	5	5
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	15	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	184,065	91,825	92,240	120	85	35
Rohingya	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sindhi	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	940	445	495	0	0	0
Urdu	8,235	4,095	4,135	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	265	145	125	0	0	5
Iranian languages	42,285	20,560	21,725	15	10	5
Baluchi	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Parsi	75	35	40	0	0	0
Pashto	900	490	410	0	0	0
Persian languages	39,475	19,095	20,375	15	10	5
Dari	3,690	1,785	1,900	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	32,375	15,665	16,710	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	3,405	1,640	1,765	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	51,830	25,240	26,590	50	25	30
Catalan	80	40	35	0	0	0
Italian	4,475	1,930	2,545	5	5	5
Portuguese	12,670	6,055	6,615	0	0	0
Romanian	3,620	1,740	1,885	0	0	0
Spanish	30,960	15,455	15,500	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10,220	4,190	6,035	35	15	20
Korean	45,525	20,925	24,600	25	10	20
Mongolian	220	115	105	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	705	780	35	15	20
Akan (Twi)	165	85	80	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Éwé	45	20	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	15	10	5	0	0	0
Ganda	30	20	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	85	40	45	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	50	55	0	0	0
Lingala	25	10	10	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	60	75	0	0	0
Shona	65	35	35	10	5	10
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	375	175	205	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	160	80	80	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	105	110	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	75	80	0	0	0
Dinka	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nuer	20	10	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,720	970	745	5	10	0
American Sign Language	1,390	790	605	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	325	180	140	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310,860	141,235	169,630	165	80	85
Chinese languages	309,165	140,385	168,780	165	80	85
Hakka	605	270	335	0	0	0
Mandarin	162,130	73,835	88,295	75	40	40
Min Dong	95	45	50	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	6,285	2,850	3,440	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,010	930	1,080	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	136,525	61,785	74,745	75	35	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,455	650	805	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,665	830	835	0	0	0
Burmese	670	325	345	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages	530	270	260	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	475	240	240	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	240	130	110	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,570	655	915	0	0	0
Lao	500	235	265	0	0	0
Thai	1,010	390	620	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,030	1,540	1,490	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	295	140	155	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	5	10	0	0	0
Turkish	2,500	1,290	1,205	5	5	5
Uyghur	125	60	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	65	30	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,375	1,100	1,280	0	0	0
Estonian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Finnish	500	210	290	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,815	855	955	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	198,040	94,560	103,480	1,245	620	625
English and French	7,210	3,415	3,800	190	80	105
English and non-official language(s)	183,010	87,560	95,445	1,020	520	500
French and non-official language(s)	535	245	295	5	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,525	735	785	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5,760	2,605	3,160	15	5	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	40,545	20,530	20,015
None	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970	35,335	18,035	17,305
English	304,845	147,605	157,245	1,420	710	715
French	34,575	15,995	18,575	545	265	285
Non-official language	379,250	176,935	202,310	2,825	1,315	1,510
Indigenous³⁹	5,140	2,360	2,785	1,730	820	915
Non-Indigenous	374,105	174,580	199,525	1,100	500	600
English and French	2,740	1,245	1,490	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	46,940	22,760	24,175	145	75	70
French and non-official language(s)	11,880	5,335	6,550	75	40	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	655	300	360	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40,580	19,180	21,395	170	80	85
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,945
Official languages	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760	40,160	20,345	19,815
English	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835	40,000	20,265	19,730
French	327,350	145,985	181,370	4,445	2,040	2,400
Non-official languages	1,780,325	838,795	941,525	10,165	4,900	5,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	16,560	7,740	8,820	5,380	2,610	2,775
Algonquian languages	1,985	885	1,100	240	105	140
Blackfoot	60	20	45	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,450	675	775	205	85	120
Atikamekw	15	15	10	0	0	0
Cree languages	1,425	660	770	205	85	120
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95	25	70	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	435	195	245	70	25	45
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	160	80	80	15	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	745	360	385	115	50	60
Innu (Montagnais)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	65	20	40	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	60	15	40	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	440	175	260	50	20	30
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	15	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	400	160	240	45	20	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	80	30	45	30	15	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	10	40	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	275	115	160	15	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	3,540	1,580	1,955	4,440	2,220	2,220
Northern Athabaskan languages	3,490	1,570	1,920	4,440	2,220	2,220
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,530	675	855	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	205	100	105	10	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	205	95	110	600	285	310
Gwich'in	15	10	10	170	70	95
Slavey-Hare languages	85	30	50	1,750	890	860
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25	10	15	455	225	230
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	10	0	10	350	165	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	55	25	30	970	525	450
Tahltan languages	235	125	105	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	220	125	95	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	15	10	0	2,050	1,035	1,010
Tse'khene (Sekani)	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	855	395	465	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	245	120	130	0	0	0
Tlingit	35	15	15	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0	0	0
Haida	225	80	145	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	205	100	100	705	295	420
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	20	15	505	215	290
Inuinnaqtun	30	15	15	205	90	115
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	305	130	175
Inuktitut	175	90	90	215	75	135
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	100	60	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	90	45	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	190	90	105	0	0	0
Michif	240	100	140	10	0	0
Salish languages	5,145	2,450	2,695	0	0	10
Halkomelem	1,400	665	735	0	0	0
Lillooet	590	285	305	10	0	10
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	465	270	200	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	1,060	475	580	0	0	0
Squamish	345	165	175	0	0	0
Straits	315	130	180	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	690	315	375	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	325	155	170	0	0	0
Siouan languages	100	60	35	0	0	0
Assiniboine	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakota	30	20	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	50	35	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,610	1,310	1,295	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,120	545	575	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,080	585	500	0	0	0
Tsimshian	455	205	250	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	2,145	965	1,180	0	0	0
Haisla	285	145	140	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	330	160	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	790	335	460	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	685	300	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	355	165	185	40	20	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	285	140	145	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,764,475	831,400	933,075	4,830	2,320	2,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	50,895	27,105	23,785	540	325	205
Berber languages	235	140	95	40	35	10
Kabyle	140	90	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	65	30	35	45	30	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	315	155	160	0	0	0
Hausa	285	135	150	0	0	0
Mina	25	20	10	0	0	0
Coptic	60	40	25	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,745	1,470	1,275	65	50	15
Bilen	30	15	20	0	0	0
Oromo	500	280	220	0	0	0
Somali	2,215	1,180	1,030	65	55	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	48,405	25,830	22,570	450	260	185
Amharic	3,100	1,605	1,495	50	30	20
Arabic	35,595	19,250	16,355	310	200	110
Aramaic languages	2,270	1,165	1,100	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	895	495	400	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,050	510	535	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	380	190	190	0	0	0
Harari	20	0	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	6,995	3,570	3,430	10	0	10
Maltese	270	130	150	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,435	1,890	1,550	100	45	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	44,030	19,965	24,070	255	110	140
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,210	1,020	1,190	10	0	0
Vietnamese	41,975	19,020	22,950	250	110	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	65	30	40	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	148,455	61,285	87,165	1,300	540	755
Bikol	810	370	445	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,655	655	1,005	40	10	25
Cebuano	5,995	2,485	3,510	85	25	60
Fijian	1,020	500	525	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	3,135	1,215	1,920	20	10	10
Ilocano	11,285	4,555	6,725	120	60	65
Indonesian	6,810	3,175	3,640	15	10	10
Kankanaey	330	115	215	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	200	70	130	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	100	45	60	0	0	0
Merina	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Malay	3,485	1,665	1,820	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,550	675	875	25	15	10
Pangasinan	925	375	550	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	133,780	54,495	79,285	1,255	520	730
Waray-Waray	865	360	505	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,580	2,005	55	20	35
Creole languages	3,230	1,610	1,615	65	35	30
Haitian Creole	470	225	245	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	265	115	155	0	0	0
Krio	160	65	90	25	10	10
Morisyen	1,070	520	550	10	0	10
Sango	15	10	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	835	450	385	15	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	280	275	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	20,585	11,060	9,530	145	70	70
Kannada	1,615	885	735	0	0	0
Malayalam	6,765	3,705	3,060	95	50	45
Tamil	9,740	5,125	4,610	80	40	40
Telugu	4,860	2,760	2,095	0	0	0
Tulu	205	110	95	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	240	140	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	160	85	80	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	906,560	443,600	462,960	1,885	925	960
Albanian	2,195	1,045	1,155	0	0	0
Armenian	1,600	765	830	45	25	15
Balto-Slavic languages	101,395	47,765	53,630	255	125	130
Baltic languages	1,480	695	790	10	10	0
Latvian	730	330	400	0	0	0
Lithuanian	750	365	390	10	10	0
Slavic languages	100,340	47,265	53,075	250	120	130
Belarusian	330	140	190	0	0	0
Bulgarian	2,475	1,190	1,285	20	15	10
Czech	7,935	3,815	4,115	10	0	0
Macedonian	505	260	245	10	0	10
Polish	19,640	9,130	10,510	35	25	15
Russian	42,390	19,800	22,590	105	50	50
Rusyn	45	15	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	21,625	10,790	10,835	25	20	0
Bosnian	3,150	1,540	1,605	10	0	10
Croatian	11,060	5,345	5,715	10	10	0
Serbian	11,070	5,640	5,425	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	480	255	225	0	0	0
Slovak	4,315	1,945	2,370	30	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,280	585	695	10	0	10
Ukrainian	12,205	5,430	6,775	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	2,675	1,430	1,245	0	0	0
Irish	1,665	920	745	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	260	130	125	0	0	0
Welsh	610	290	320	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	100	55	0	0	0
Germanic languages	128,605	60,765	67,835	435	220	220
Frisian	375	210	165	0	0	0
High German languages	86,275	41,190	45,085	270	145	125
German	84,325	40,275	44,050	265	145	120
Pennsylvania German	25	15	15	0	0	0
Swiss German	3,030	1,415	1,620	0	10	10
Yiddish	480	225	255	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	34,480	16,520	17,965	160	60	100
Afrikaans	9,755	5,050	4,705	80	35	45
Dutch	22,380	10,375	12,005	75	25	50
Low German, n.o.s.	345	175	170	0	0	0
Low Saxon	55	25	30	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	2,180	1,055	1,130	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	405	200	205	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	12,425	5,520	6,910	45	25	10
Danish	4,950	2,235	2,720	10	10	0
Icelandic	330	130	200	10	10	0
Norwegian	3,125	1,420	1,710	10	0	0
Swedish	4,730	2,125	2,610	20	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	210	135	75	0	0	0
Greek	9,005	4,630	4,375	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	477,485	240,310	237,175	635	330	305
Indo-Aryan languages	406,375	204,750	201,625	600	310	285
Assamese	100	55	45	0	0	0
Bengali	6,565	3,480	3,080	160	80	90
Gujarati	14,340	7,060	7,280	0	10	0
Hindi	134,950	67,645	67,300	250	135	120
Kacchi	2,925	1,295	1,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	185	95	90	0	0	0
Konkani	775	400	370	0	0	0
Marathi	3,555	1,910	1,645	10	10	0
Nepali	2,445	1,270	1,180	15	10	10
Oriya languages	180	90	90	0	0	0
Odia	95	45	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315,000	158,625	156,375	175	85	90
Rohingya	55	35	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	645	350	295	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,630	1,810	10	10	0
Urdu	25,780	13,590	12,190	140	70	70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,645	855	785	20	0	0
Iranian languages	73,745	37,010	36,730	40	20	20
Baluchi	155	85	70	0	0	0
Kurdish	3,875	2,110	1,760	0	0	0
Parsi	290	115	175	0	0	0
Pashto	2,645	1,545	1,105	0	0	0
Persian languages	68,960	34,500	34,460	35	20	15
Dari	8,235	4,005	4,230	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	55,745	27,930	27,815	30	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5,780	2,995	2,785	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	135	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	210	135	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	211,725	100,750	110,975	610	285	325
Catalan	565	270	290	0	0	0
Italian	36,370	17,200	19,170	90	35	55
Portuguese	33,005	16,050	16,955	30	10	20
Romanian	11,210	5,470	5,745	15	10	0
Spanish	143,900	68,245	75,660	505	240	270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	655	380	275	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	320	135	185	0	0	0
Japanese	41,835	17,590	24,240	120	40	75
Korean	69,935	31,335	38,600	75	20	50
Mongolian	565	250	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	13,290	6,795	6,495	250	145	110
Akan (Twi)	1,365	695	670	10	10	0
Bamanankan	65	40	25	0	0	0
Edo	175	85	90	0	0	0
Éwé	290	155	135	10	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	30	50	0	0	0
Ga	215	125	90	0	0	0
Ganda	415	205	215	25	15	10
Gikuyu	130	35	100	0	0	0
Igbo	980	485	490	25	30	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	280	325	0	0	0
Lingala	475	260	225	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	60	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	190	90	105	30	10	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	335	130	205	0	0	0
Shona	725	345	380	80	35	50
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	105	60	40	0	0	0
Swahili	5,205	2,735	2,475	0	10	0
Wojenaka	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	165	95	70	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,815	935	880	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,215	1,060	65	35	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	670	315	350	0	0	0
Dinka	115	55	60	0	0	0
Nuer	60	30	35	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	490	235	265	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	130	75	55	10	10	0
Sign languages	7,965	3,150	4,815	30	15	15
American Sign Language	7,020	2,700	4,320	25	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,105	515	595	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	491,660	225,430	266,230	320	160	155
Chinese languages	488,465	223,825	264,650	310	155	150
Hakka	3,615	1,645	1,970	0	0	0
Mandarin	312,625	140,985	171,640	170	95	80
Min Dong	215	90	130	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	24,065	10,615	13,450	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,760	2,020	2,740	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	246,045	112,580	133,465	170	75	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,215	1,025	1,190	15	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,375	1,710	1,665	0	0	10
Burmese	1,730	870	865	10	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	295	130	165	0	0	0
Karenic languages	770	375	395	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	705	340	365	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0
Tibetan	590	320	270	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	150	125	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	6,725	2,635	4,085	10	0	0
Lao	1,635	735	900	0	0	0
Thai	5,310	1,960	3,350	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	170	85	95	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10,910	5,605	5,305	25	10	10
Azerbaijani	1,665	880	790	0	0	0
Kazakh	230	70	165	0	0	0
Turkish	9,230	4,805	4,425	25	10	10
Uyghur	235	115	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	275	135	135	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	295	125	170	0	0	0
Uralic languages	13,510	6,345	7,165	40	30	10
Estonian	695	310	385	0	0	0
Finnish	3,635	1,675	1,960	10	0	10
Hungarian	9,230	4,395	4,840	30	25	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	585	285	300	10	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,945
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	290,210	141,210	148,995	20,035	9,950	10,090
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	279,670	136,400	143,265	19,360	9,620	9,740
First Nations (North American Indian)	180,085	87,860	92,225	12,315	6,025	6,290
Métis	97,860	47,745	50,120	2,890	1,550	1,340
Inuk (Inuit)	1,720	795	925	4,150	2,045	2,110
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	5,980	2,730	3,245	405	190	215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	4,560	2,075	2,485	270	140	135
Non-Indigenous identity	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060	20,345	10,485	9,860
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,945
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	136,875	66,610	70,265	12,550	6,165	6,390
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790	27,830	14,270	13,560
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
Owner	1,363,190	...	...	8,140	...	...
Renter	669,450	...	...	7,020	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	9,190	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
Condominium	482,755	...	...	1,545	...	...
Not condominium	1,559,075	...	...	13,670	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
No bedrooms	30,855	...	...	140	...	...
1 bedroom	354,020	...	...	2,185	...	...
2 bedrooms	569,180	...	...	3,760	...	...
3 bedrooms	539,910	...	...	6,215	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	547,870	...	...	2,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	766,380	...	...	5,565	...	...
5 rooms	300,895	...	...	3,485	...	...
6 rooms	248,045	...	...	2,325	...	...
7 rooms	205,105	...	...	1,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	521,410	...	...	2,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,984,655	...	...	14,385	...	...
More than one person per room	57,180	...	...	820	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
Suitable	1,919,140	...	...	13,615	...	...
Not suitable	122,700	...	...	1,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
1960 or before	256,175	...	...	630	...	...
1961 to 1980	550,690	...	...	4,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	289,940	...	...	3,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	336,315	...	...	3,060	...	...
2001 to 2005	122,855	...	...	1,270	...	...
2006 to 2010	164,165	...	...	740	...	...
2011 to 2015	135,725	...	...	895	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	185,965	...	...	770	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,922,640	...	...	12,405	...	...
Major repairs needed	119,195	...	...	2,800	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,003,245	...	...	7,615	...	...
Two-maintainer household	904,960	...	...	6,480	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	133,630	...	...	1,110	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,041,835	...	...	15,205	...	...
15 to 24 years	57,980	...	...	480	...	...
25 to 34 years	282,195	...	...	2,750	...	...
35 to 44 years	343,380	...	...	3,125	...	...
45 to 54 years	354,340	...	...	3,035	...	...
55 to 64 years	407,735	...	...	3,240	...	...
65 to 74 years	347,335	...	...	1,795	...	...
75 to 84 years	182,155	...	...	685	...	...
85 years and over	66,710	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,988,210	...	...	15,105	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,481,365	...	...	13,305	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	506,850	...	...	1,805	...	...
30% to less than 100%	434,390	...	...	1,580	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,041,830	...	...	15,205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	683,985	...	...	5,445	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	451,550	...	...	1,415	...	...
Not suitable only	89,300	...	...	1,130	...	...
Major repairs needed only	80,200	...	...	2,180	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	23,945	...	...	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	29,585	...	...	260	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	7,640	...	...	335	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,770	...	...	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,357,845	...	...	9,760	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,915,755	...	...	14,890	...	...
In core need	257,090	...	...	1,955	...	...
Not in core need	1,658,665	...	...	12,930	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,330,795	...	...	8,100	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668	...	...	1,868	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	785,000	...	...	352,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	983,000	...	...	385,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	663,870	...	...	7,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	31.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	...	...	15.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	...	...	18.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	...	...	1,356	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,190	...	...	50	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	368	...	...	408	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	446	...	...	540	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	120,245	59,370	60,880	15,610	7,785	7,830
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	118,210	58,475	59,730	14,505	7,255	7,250
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	100,805	49,745	51,060	10,460	5,165	5,295
Métis single ancestry	16,830	8,485	8,350	1,015	615	400
Inuit single ancestry	570	245	325	3,030	1,470	1,555
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	2,040	890	1,145	1,110	535	580
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	1,870	830	1,040	395	195	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	40	35	625	295	330
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	60	15	50	65	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	10	20	25	15	10
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	191,640	92,300	99,335	4,485	2,175	2,315
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	184,975	89,155	95,825	3,925	1,880	2,050
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	123,735	59,635	64,100	2,590	1,230	1,355
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	59,905	28,840	31,070	730	340	385
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,330	680	655	610	300	305
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	6,665	3,145	3,515	560	300	265
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,390	3,035	3,360	235	125	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	60	110	260	135	125
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	50	35	40	25	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840	20,285	10,475	9,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,375	20,435	19,945
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725	38,490	19,490	19,000
Canadian citizens aged under 18	812,305	418,815	393,495	9,790	4,985	4,805
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235	28,695	14,505	14,190
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	556,895	267,560	289,330	1,890	945	945
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,375	20,435	19,945
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410	35,820	18,175	17,645
Immigrants⁸¹	1,425,710	665,630	760,085	4,145	2,055	2,090
Before 1980	280,160	133,415	146,745	560	320	245
1980 to 1990	164,445	76,815	87,630	330	175	155
1991 to 2000	299,115	137,275	161,840	620	285	340
2001 to 2010	316,915	145,825	171,090	1,020	465	555
2011 to 2021⁸²	365,075	172,295	192,780	1,615	820	795
2011 to 2015	167,650	78,200	89,450	805	425	375
2016 to 2021	197,425	94,095	103,325	810	390	420
Non-permanent residents⁸³	171,000	87,440	83,560	410	200	210
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	4,145	2,055	2,085
Under 5 years	117,555	59,560	57,995	355	220	130
5 to 14 years	226,910	116,660	110,250	660	390	270
15 to 24 years	275,435	124,860	150,575	890	440	455
25 to 44 years	639,200	288,950	350,255	1,870	860	1,010
45 years and over	166,605	75,600	91,010	370	150	220
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	4,145	2,055	2,085
Americas	126,075	58,445	67,635	375	165	215
Brazil	8,765	4,120	4,645	10	0	10
Colombia	5,450	2,440	3,010	15	0	15
El Salvador	5,770	2,990	2,780	15	0	10
Guyana	1,400	585	815	10	10	10
Haiti	490	285	210	0	0	0
Jamaica	4,295	2,190	2,105	55	25	35
Mexico	13,385	5,910	7,480	25	0	15
Peru	3,510	1,535	1,975	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,725	1,255	1,470	0	0	0
United States of America	59,920	27,535	32,380	175	80	100
Other places of birth in Americas	20,355	9,600	10,760	60	35	25
Europe	307,495	151,050	156,445	745	420	320
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,510	2,205	2,305	10	0	0
Croatia	5,390	2,670	2,725	0	0	0
France	7,025	3,650	3,380	50	25	25
Germany	30,910	14,710	16,200	115	65	50
Greece	3,350	1,895	1,460	10	10	0
Hungary	5,115	2,395	2,720	25	15	0
Italy	13,410	6,920	6,490	35	20	15
Netherlands	16,070	7,985	8,085	35	20	20
Poland	14,305	6,610	7,700	15	10	0
Portugal	7,785	3,765	4,020	10	0	10
Romania	9,370	4,490	4,885	20	15	10
Russian Federation	12,170	5,240	6,930	15	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	4,565	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Ukraine	9,450	4,390	5,060	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	116,525	58,485	58,045	275	155	120
Other places of birth in Europe	47,545	23,380	24,170	120	70	55
Africa	53,330	27,245	26,085	760	440	315
Algeria	510	325	185	35	20	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,005	540	465	0	0	0
Egypt	3,310	1,900	1,410	10	0	0
Eritrea	2,485	1,440	1,050	50	35	20
Ethiopia	2,590	1,305	1,285	45	25	20
Morocco	1,270	610	655	40	15	20
Nigeria	3,585	1,880	1,700	55	40	15
Somalia	1,240	625	620	65	55	10
South Africa, Republic of	15,380	7,710	7,670	90	55	40
Other places of birth in Africa	21,955	10,905	11,050	375	205	170
Asia	905,585	412,460	493,125	2,210	1,010	1,195
Afghanistan	6,245	3,065	3,185	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	45,970	23,175	22,795	20	10	10
Iraq	7,000	3,750	3,245	0	0	0
Lebanon	2,455	1,390	1,065	10	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	6,545	3,420	3,130	40	30	15
Turkey	3,095	1,690	1,410	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	217,970	94,905	123,065	100	45	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	78,855	36,815	42,035	45	30	20
Korea, South⁹²	47,520	21,345	26,180	45	15	35
Taiwan	40,445	18,100	22,340	10	0	0
Philippines	131,645	54,350	77,300	1,175	515	665
Viet Nam	32,390	14,475	17,915	165	60	105
Bangladesh	3,035	1,520	1,520	75	35	40
India	197,115	96,630	100,480	265	160	105
Pakistan	13,345	6,910	6,430	75	35	40
Sri Lanka	5,375	2,595	2,775	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	66,580	28,320	38,260	160	65	95
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	33,225	16,430	16,800	60	20	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	197,420	94,095	103,330	810	395	420
Americas	22,835	10,990	11,850	50	25	25
Brazil	5,130	2,430	2,695	0	0	0
Colombia	1,075	495	580	0	0	0
Haiti	35	25	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	1,005	515	490	20	10	15
Mexico	3,045	1,450	1,595	10	0	10
United States of America	8,760	4,325	4,430	0	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	530	205	330	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,265	1,545	1,720	10	10	0
Europe	25,290	13,375	11,920	90	60	35
France	1,730	935	795	30	10	15
Germany	1,380	680	705	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	2,420	1,485	935	10	0	0
Italy	995	555	445	0	0	0
Russian Federation	2,075	835	1,235	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,935	885	1,045	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	7,675	4,510	3,165	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	7,090	3,490	3,605	35	30	10
Africa	10,465	5,545	4,915	175	75	100
Algeria	65	40	20	0	0	0
Burundi	110	35	75	0	0	0
Cameroon	120	70	50	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	340	205	140	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	25	10	0	0	0
Egypt	610	350	255	10	0	0
Eritrea	1,515	935	585	25	0	20
Ethiopia	620	340	275	20	0	15
Morocco	275	115	160	0	0	0
Nigeria	1,770	925	845	10	10	0
Somalia	255	130	125	20	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,965	945	1,015	20	10	15
Sudan⁹⁷	235	115	120	30	10	25
Tunisia	115	60	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,420	1,245	1,180	40	20	15
Asia	134,395	61,590	72,805	495	235	265
Afghanistan	1,325	700	625	0	0	0
Bangladesh	655	340	315	20	0	10
China⁹⁰	31,450	13,060	18,390	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,515	1,125	1,390	0	0	0
India	39,390	20,140	19,245	95	55	40
Iran⁸⁸	5,850	2,865	2,980	0	0	0
Iraq	1,545	840	705	0	0	0
Israel	605	365	240	0	0	0
Japan	2,090	500	1,590	0	0	0
Jordan	395	200	195	10	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	7,220	2,935	4,280	0	0	10
Lebanon	395	175	215	0	0	0
Nepal	405	195	205	0	0	0
Pakistan	2,390	1,300	1,090	20	10	20
Philippines	21,220	9,170	12,055	275	115	165
Saudi Arabia	565	340	230	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	710	330	380	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	4,955	2,635	2,320	35	25	10
Turkey	1,025	615	410	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	620	305	320	0	0	0
Viet Nam	2,845	995	1,850	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	6,215	2,450	3,770	10	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	4,440	2,600	1,840	0	10	0
Australia	3,280	1,965	1,315	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	1,160	630	530	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,945
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,657,625	783,205	874,415	4,805	2,395	2,405
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,068,600	536,615	531,985	3,925	1,935	1,990
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655	31,650	16,105	15,550
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	3,585	1,740	1,845
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	661,395	320,875	340,525	1,920	970	950
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	273,695	157,230	116,470	890	465	430
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	387,700	163,640	224,055	1,030	505	525
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	372,185	152,795	219,390	1,150	440	705
Refugees¹⁰⁸	97,720	52,250	45,470	485	315	170
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	14,250	6,295	7,960	30	15	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	3,585	1,740	1,845
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	27,320	15,640	11,685	135	85	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	138,760	59,130	79,630	710	230	480
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40,690	20,075	20,615	125	75	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	71,860	33,525	38,335	245	135	110
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	5,145	2,030	3,110	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	861,775	401,815	459,965	2,370	1,205	1,165
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,945
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,689,490	810,165	879,325	4,915	2,370	2,550
South Asian	473,965	240,475	233,495	770	390	385
Chinese	550,590	257,590	293,000	335	180	155
Black	61,760	31,965	29,790	1,060	555	500
Filipino	174,280	76,070	98,210	1,665	755	910
Arab	28,010	15,015	12,995	225	130	90
Latin American	65,970	31,960	34,015	125	40	85
Southeast Asian	71,785	33,340	38,445	305	120	180
West Asian	69,270	34,800	34,470	35	20	15
Korean	72,815	33,390	39,425	75	25	50
Japanese	44,120	18,335	25,790	105	45	60
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	18,080	8,935	9,145	50	25	20
Multiple visible minorities	58,840	28,295	30,540	170	75	95
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730	35,465	18,065	17,400
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055	40,375	20,430	19,945
Canadian	459,320	236,305	223,015	3,380	1,740	1,640
English	1,019,250	499,340	519,910	5,495	2,790	2,705
Irish	627,920	297,705	330,215	4,720	2,410	2,310
Scottish	774,455	376,280	398,170	5,270	2,530	2,735
French, n.o.s.¹²²	312,750	150,460	162,290	3,320	1,745	1,570
German	539,145	263,480	275,665	2,815	1,460	1,350
Chinese	517,805	242,015	275,785	365	185	180
Italian	162,485	81,275	81,205	445	240	210
Indian (India)	275,975	138,885	137,090	430	230	205
Ukrainian	210,100	102,030	108,065	1,030	560	470
Dutch	189,985	94,390	95,600	940	505	435
Polish	134,635	63,780	70,850	615	280	335
Québécois	6,240	3,120	3,120	110	65	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	191,025	94,050	96,980	900	465	435
Filipino	172,915	75,990	96,930	1,550	690	860
French Canadian	39,930	19,400	20,535	325	135	190
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	82,175	42,475	39,700	920	465	460
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	105,005	51,270	53,735	2,920	1,440	1,485
Métis	85,205	41,265	43,930	2,520	1,350	1,170
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	102,475	51,755	50,715	605	300	305
Russian	121,755	58,460	63,295	295	140	155
Norwegian	137,170	65,790	71,385	680	370	310
Welsh	104,225	49,190	55,035	455	220	230
Portuguese	39,755	19,465	20,290	75	35	40
American	71,530	34,865	36,660	365	215	150
Spanish	54,365	25,030	29,335	180	80	100
Swedish	103,630	48,520	55,115	360	175	180
Hungarian	51,915	25,060	26,855	210	135	80
Acadian	7,025	3,455	3,575	270	125	135
Pakistani	19,050	9,780	9,275	100	55	45
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	18,520	9,370	9,150	360	185	175
Jewish	34,395	17,265	17,135	115	60	50
Punjabi	93,395	47,650	45,740	60	25	40
Vietnamese	51,890	24,430	27,455	255	110	145
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	12,590	6,755	5,840	90	55	35
Greek	23,300	11,910	11,390	100	40	65
Jamaican	9,865	5,140	4,725	75	25	45
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	47,650	22,170	25,480	150	60	85
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	24,875	11,715	13,160	1,350	650	695
Korean	72,025	33,110	38,915	75	25	50
Romanian	30,195	14,590	15,605	135	65	70
Lebanese	8,440	4,310	4,135	45	30	10
Iranian	49,390	24,720	24,675	15	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	13,865	6,995	6,870	90	45	45
Danish	54,865	26,740	28,130	315	160	160
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	24,140	11,670	12,470	625	285	340
Sikh	69,100	35,355	33,750	10	10	0
Austrian	45,280	21,810	23,465	160	80	80
Belgian	19,505	9,395	10,110	125	55	65
Haitian	1,215	640	575	25	10	15
Hindu	19,405	10,140	9,265	0	0	10
Mexican	28,445	14,140	14,305	45	20	20
Mennonite	20,925	10,530	10,395	100	50	50
Swiss	28,520	13,995	14,525	160	100	65
Finnish	33,680	16,290	17,390	110	65	40
Sri Lankan	6,440	3,210	3,235	10	0	0
Croatian	23,750	11,645	12,100	25	25	0
Japanese	54,640	23,430	31,215	145	60	85
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20,125	9,935	10,190	60	30	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,840	2,340	2,500	225	105	120
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30,950	14,970	15,980	205	110	100
Muslim	8,220	4,150	4,065	40	20	20
Egyptian	5,810	3,125	2,685	40	15	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	11,730	5,675	6,055	20	10	10
Tamil	3,380	1,835	1,545	40	20	25
Icelandic	25,910	12,770	13,135	125	80	45
Colombian	7,315	3,555	3,760	20	0	15
Moroccan	2,020	980	1,035	65	45	20
Czech	22,425	10,920	11,505	70	30	35
Syrian	6,550	3,350	3,195	20	0	10
Guyanese	2,420	1,240	1,180	20	0	15
Afghan	9,605	4,725	4,875	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,515	2,250	2,260	50	25	20
Serbian	12,660	6,575	6,080	15	15	0
Ojibway	5,145	2,565	2,580	65	30	30
Newfoundlander	4,530	2,415	2,115	200	125	75
Hong Konger	30,020	14,470	15,550	35	10	25
Ontarian	3,315	1,570	1,750	100	55	45
Persian	19,155	9,840	9,315	25	10	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,120	2,075	2,050	25	20	0
Turkish	8,070	4,185	3,895	25	20	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	2,120	1,005	1,110	1,375	660	715
Bangladeshi	3,740	1,930	1,810	70	25	40
Algerian	915	545	370	45	20	20
Brazilian	12,435	6,005	6,430	10	0	10
Nigerian	4,110	2,075	2,040	45	20	30
Armenian	4,040	2,075	1,960	45	25	15
Slovak	11,565	5,520	6,045	75	35	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	11,810	5,340	6,470	65	30	35
Somali	2,665	1,460	1,205	60	45	15
Taiwanese	37,530	17,430	20,100	10	0	0
Iraqi	4,590	2,350	2,240	10	10	0
Salvadorean	6,580	3,285	3,295	35	15	20
African Caribbean	1,640	805	830	30	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10,735	5,070	5,670	45	20	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,140	2,630	2,510	10	10	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	2,715	1,245	1,465	45	25	25
Algonquin	1,880	965	915	30	15	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,855	835	1,025	0	0	0
Lithuanian	7,330	3,450	3,885	25	10	15
South African	13,965	6,930	7,035	75	40	35
Australian	18,505	9,575	8,925	65	25	40
Palestinian	2,750	1,470	1,280	15	10	0
Chilean	6,220	3,100	3,125	15	10	10
Congolese	1,500	780	715	55	35	20
Nova Scotian	2,015	885	1,125	60	30	30
Ethiopian	2,720	1,275	1,440	55	35	15
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	5,295	2,430	2,870	15	0	10
Peruvian	4,260	1,975	2,285	20	10	15
Yoruba	1,350	720	635	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,350	1,545	1,805	0	0	0
Berber	605	370	235	0	0	0
Albanian	2,455	1,180	1,280	0	0	0
Maltese	2,750	1,340	1,420	0	10	0
Macedonian	1,235	605	630	10	0	0
Slovenian	5,340	2,485	2,855	10	0	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	7,865	3,860	4,005	35	25	15
New Brunswicker	875	430	445	80	40	35
Gujarati	2,670	1,335	1,340	0	0	0
Eritrean	2,245	1,230	1,015	45	20	30
African Canadian	1,535	790	750	15	0	10
Israeli	3,645	1,850	1,800	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,355	1,205	1,155	15	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	6,545	2,955	3,585	15	10	10
Bulgarian	3,720	1,785	1,930	35	20	10
Albertan	3,430	1,690	1,735	45	25	20
Ghanaian	1,670	905	770	10	10	0
Barbadian	1,950	985	970	10	0	10
African American	4,500	2,320	2,180	20	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	5,580	2,605	2,975	15	10	0
Tunisian	550	285	265	25	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	5,285	2,660	2,625	140	55	85
Cuban	1,770	895	870	0	0	0
Bosnian	3,785	1,910	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuelan	1,835	810	1,025	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	180	70	110	10	10	0
Latvian	4,860	2,450	2,415	10	0	10
Bengali	1,370	745	625	30	20	10
Cameroonian	335	220	120	0	0	0
Guatemalan	2,415	1,320	1,095	20	10	10
Indonesian	8,440	3,890	4,550	10	0	10
Laotian	2,485	1,160	1,320	0	0	0
Ilocano	4,765	2,115	2,655	25	15	15
Northern Irish	4,550	2,245	2,305	15	10	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	5,445	2,660	2,785	25	10	20
British Columbian	20,450	10,360	10,085	20	15	10
Ecuadorian	1,135	545	595	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	360	155	205	50	30	20
Argentinian	2,625	1,260	1,365	10	10	0
Estonian	4,695	2,200	2,495	40	20	20
Kurdish	3,375	1,830	1,550	0	0	0
Fijian	16,120	7,710	8,410	0	0	0
Jatt	8,370	4,345	4,025	10	10	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	2,695	1,480	1,210	10	0	10
Coptic	760	445	315	0	0	0
Thai	5,745	2,120	3,630	0	0	0
Dominican	860	415	445	0	0	0
Nepali	2,305	1,130	1,170	15	0	0
Kabyle	75	30	40	0	0	0
Assyrian	695	415	285	0	0	0
Igbo	890	445	440	25	20	0
Byelorussian	2,610	1,250	1,355	40	10	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	1,025	505	520	4,725	2,365	2,355
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	2,015	1,025	990	35	10	25
Abenaki	215	135	80	0	0	0
Moldovan	1,415	655	755	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,285	640	650	10	10	0
New Zealander	7,840	3,965	3,875	40	25	15
Sudanese	945	460	485	55	45	10
Breton	365	185	175	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	1,655	660	995	0	0	0
Malaysian	5,420	2,535	2,885	10	0	0
Plains Cree	715	360	355	65	20	40
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	780	450	330	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	390	205	190	15	0	10
Saskatchewanian	2,890	1,400	1,490	10	0	0
Buddhist	2,950	1,390	1,565	0	0	0
Gaspesian	90	65	35	0	0	0
Norman	745	505	240	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,830	830	1,005	10	10	0
Ivorian	135	80	55	0	0	0
Saulteaux	845	445	400	10	0	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	935	430	500	25	10	20
Burundian	380	180	200	0	0	0
Tigrinya	1,145	660	485	65	30	40
Nicaraguan	1,890	880	1,010	20	0	10
Mauritian	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,215	1,050	1,165	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	250	120	130	0	0	0
Vincentian	345	165	180	0	0	0
Jordanian	925	465	460	0	0	0
Manitoban	1,760	855	905	40	0	30
Cape Bretoner	420	160	255	10	10	0
Rwandan	635	320	320	0	0	0
Grenadian	350	180	170	0	0	0
Malayali	980	520	465	30	15	20
Chaldean	850	420	430	0	0	0
Sinhalese	1,285	605	680	0	0	0
Mayan	1,855	960	895	0	0	0
Honduran	1,500	760	740	0	0	0
Cherokee	2,920	1,345	1,570	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	150	95	55	20	15	10
Indo-Caribbean	385	200	190	0	0	0
Flemish	1,540	705	830	0	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	905	485	420	20	10	15
Senegalese	105	50	55	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	1,400	740	660	0	0	0
Sicilian	935	495	440	0	0	0
Pashtun	945	465	475	0	0	0
Malay	2,625	1,255	1,370	20	10	15
Goan	750	365	380	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	320	155	165	15	10	0
Tibetan	715	355	360	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	1,240	615	620	40	30	15
Burmese	2,225	1,120	1,100	0	10	0
Mongolian	1,955	890	1,065	10	0	10
Azorean	380	195	185	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	55	25	35	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	1,145	510	635	20	10	15
Oromo	575	320	255	0	0	0
Tanzanian	945	470	475	0	0	0
Yemeni	420	195	220	35	20	15
Central African	35	20	15	0	0	0
Libyan	650	390	260	0	0	0
Basque	1,165	620	545	0	0	0
Uruguayan	515	290	230	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	405	200	195	10	10	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	655	260	395	0	0	0
Igorot	1,330	590	730	0	0	0
Fulani	85	40	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	105	55	50	10	0	10
Guinean	135	70	65	0	0	0
St. Lucian	180	110	70	15	10	10
Prince Edward Islander	280	145	135	10	0	0
Maliseet	100	40	55	0	0	0
Beninese	100	50	50	0	0	0
Telugu	615	340	280	0	0	0
Roma	1,205	600	600	0	0	0
Costa Rican	1,075	485	585	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	145	60	85	0	0	0
Malagasy	110	55	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	545	260	285	0	0	0
Singaporean	2,630	1,165	1,460	0	0	0
Karen	980	520	460	0	0	0
Edo	205	95	105	25	10	15
Tajik	665	335	335	0	0	0
Amhara	305	165	140	0	0	0
Paraguayan	1,095	570	520	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	40,380	20,435	19,945
Buddhist	83,860	35,040	48,825	250	110	140
Christian	1,684,870	766,705	918,165	22,275	10,785	11,490
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	434,920	203,070	231,850	2,490	1,255	1,235
Anabaptist	21,275	10,210	11,065	35	15	20
Anglican	137,485	59,595	77,885	3,280	1,525	1,760
Baptist	57,265	25,770	31,495	610	300	315
Catholic	588,140	272,340	315,805	12,930	6,365	6,565
Christian Orthodox	45,135	21,835	23,300	185	60	125
Jehovah's Witness	25,715	11,245	14,470	80	45	40
Latter Day Saints	12,875	5,795	7,075	85	45	40
Lutheran	46,395	20,205	26,185	180	105	75
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	7,290	3,295	3,995	120	60	60
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	41,140	18,550	22,585	770	325	445
Presbyterian	28,040	12,260	15,780	80	25	50
Reformed	12,455	6,050	6,400	10	0	10
United Church	129,000	51,815	77,185	815	355	460
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	97,745	44,660	53,085	600	310	290
Hindu	81,320	42,070	39,245	200	105	95
Jewish	26,850	12,980	13,870	50	30	20
Muslim	125,915	63,375	62,535	730	440	290
Sikh	290,870	145,740	145,130	110	60	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	11,570	5,495	6,075	330	160	170
Other religions and spiritual traditions	51,440	20,890	30,555	370	180	195
No religion and secular perspectives	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660	16,065	8,575	7,495
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675	39,800	20,145	19,655
Non-movers	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540	34,345	17,445	16,900
Movers	706,245	346,115	360,130	5,460	2,705	2,755
Non-migrants	395,215	193,080	202,135	3,340	1,620	1,715
Migrants	311,030	153,035	157,990	2,120	1,090	1,035
Internal migrants	251,245	123,785	127,455	2,000	1,040	965
Intraprovincial migrants	187,990	92,090	95,900	495	245	255
Interprovincial migrants	63,250	31,695	31,555	1,505	790	710
External migrants	59,785	29,250	30,535	120	45	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985	37,555	18,980	18,575
Non-movers	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330	21,900	11,280	10,620
Movers	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655	15,655	7,700	7,950
Non-migrants	757,040	372,900	384,135	8,115	3,890	4,220
Migrants	1,303,200	640,680	662,520	7,545	3,810	3,730
Internal migrants	1,016,025	498,920	517,105	6,680	3,410	3,275
Intraprovincial migrants	799,455	390,525	408,935	1,995	960	1,035
Interprovincial migrants	216,565	108,395	108,170	4,685	2,445	2,240
External migrants	287,175	141,765	145,415	860	400	455
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025	31,915	16,130	15,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	643,330	341,470	301,860	9,595	5,415	4,185
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170	22,320	10,715	11,605
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600	23,075	11,580	11,505
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	259,010	148,785	110,220	5,730	3,340	2,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375	17,345	8,235	9,110
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	31,910	16,125	15,785
No certificate, diploma or degree	565,665	292,000	273,665	8,260	4,550	3,705
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,238,000	610,685	627,320	7,740	3,955	3,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040	15,910	7,615	8,295
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,197,050	598,425	598,620	8,840	4,755	4,085
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	323,635	243,815	79,815	2,670	2,085	585
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	133,020	78,330	54,685	1,265	820	455
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	190,615	165,490	25,130	1,400	1,265	130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	711,810	289,555	422,255	5,270	2,305	2,970
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	161,600	65,055	96,545	900	370	530
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,199,710	547,285	652,420	7,070	2,860	4,210
Bachelor's degree	775,145	347,145	427,995	4,665	1,890	2,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	84,000	34,915	49,085	430	160	275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	32,985	18,045	14,945	120	40	75
Master's degree	264,145	121,485	142,660	1,750	715	1,035
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	43,440	25,700	17,740	105	55	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600	23,080	11,575	11,500
No certificate, diploma or degree	216,660	122,720	93,935	4,705	2,695	2,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	694,785	358,700	336,090	5,095	2,660	2,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,780,415	831,840	948,575	13,275	6,220	7,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	838,680	416,930	421,745	7,185	3,830	3,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	217,350	164,860	52,495	2,095	1,630	465
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	88,765	52,645	36,115	990	630	360
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	128,590	112,210	16,375	1,105	1,000	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	507,405	206,015	301,390	4,360	1,900	2,460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	113,915	46,055	67,865	730	300	430
Bachelor's degree or higher	941,735	414,910	526,830	6,090	2,390	3,700
Bachelor's degree	610,735	267,470	343,270	3,945	1,560	2,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	63,310	25,280	38,030	380	130	245
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	24,675	11,985	12,690	105	35	75
Master's degree	212,745	93,655	119,090	1,565	610	955
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30,275	16,520	13,755	95	55	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	31,915	16,125	15,790
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,803,665	902,685	900,990	16,005	8,510	7,495
Education	158,060	37,395	120,670	1,370	310	1,070
13. Education	158,060	37,395	120,670	1,370	310	1,070
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	109,100	46,770	62,330	380	155	235
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,390	9,570	3,815	35	20	15
50. Visual and performing arts	95,715	37,200	58,510	345	130	215
Humanities	143,340	55,460	87,875	595	285	310
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	16,850	3,705	13,145	110	35	70
23. English language and literature/letters	35,465	10,360	25,105	90	35	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	48,620	19,020	29,605	170	50	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	2,860	1,075	1,780	15	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	7,705	4,630	3,075	40	35	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,220	7,385	4,835	80	50	25
54. History	16,035	8,595	7,450	70	55	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	3,580	695	2,880	20	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	288,970	102,380	186,590	1,840	695	1,145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,140	1,360	3,780	60	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	31,375	11,580	19,795	195	90	100
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,140	3,530	35,610	305	25	280
22. Legal professions and studies	44,255	15,575	28,680	220	105	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	6,625	2,525	4,105	60	10	50
42. Psychology	52,080	13,955	38,125	280	75	205
45. Social sciences	110,350	53,860	56,495	720	375	345
Business, management and public administration	493,290	201,060	292,230	3,250	920	2,330
30.16 Accounting and computer science	645	220	425	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,855	6,685	24,175	395	75	315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	461,790	194,160	267,625	2,855	845	2,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies	106,515	54,495	52,015	660	295	365
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	44,910	19,580	25,330	310	120	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25,655	12,030	13,620	90	35	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,880	665	1,220	20	10	15
40. Physical sciences	30,600	21,085	9,515	210	115	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,470	1,140	2,330	30	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	105,555	69,245	36,310	440	285	155
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	83,795	58,985	24,810	345	230	115
25. Library science	6,145	865	5,280	50	10	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,030	7,715	5,320	45	40	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	2,580	1,680	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	458,590	409,460	49,135	3,170	2,810	355
04. Architecture and related services	19,025	11,490	7,535	135	70	70
14. Engineering	119,995	96,730	23,260	565	450	115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	83,585	73,495	10,085	600	515	85
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	115	45	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	104,445	101,120	3,325	830	790	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	86,325	83,625	2,700	800	765	40
48. Precision production	45,110	42,955	2,150	240	225	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	60,510	33,885	26,625	700	430	270
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	31,920	15,075	16,845	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,595	18,815	9,775	575	365	215
Health and related fields	350,930	73,605	277,325	2,070	430	1,645
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	27,000	13,530	13,470	260	140	120
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	312,980	53,940	259,035	1,765	275	1,490
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	725	175	550	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10,230	5,960	4,270	35	20	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	121,210	61,715	59,495	1,415	1,005	410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	76,425	24,575	51,850	485	190	295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	505	435	75	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,025	930	95	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	15,820	11,280	4,540	265	195	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,425	24,490	2,935	640	600	45
Other¹⁷⁹	685	235	450	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	23,080	11,575	11,505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	911,450	481,425	430,025	9,805	5,355	4,450
Education	99,640	21,315	78,320	1,105	250	855
13. Education	99,640	21,315	78,320	1,105	250	855
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85,350	36,335	49,005	320	120	200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,815	6,950	2,860	35	15	20
50. Visual and performing arts	75,530	29,385	46,145	285	105	185
Humanities	103,360	38,515	64,845	470	225	250
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	12,735	2,545	10,190	80	30	50
23. English language and literature/letters	25,770	7,190	18,580	70	30	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,310	13,320	21,990	130	40	90
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,895	745	1,150	15	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	5,780	3,440	2,335	35	25	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,845	4,740	3,105	60	40	25
54. History	11,615	6,050	5,565	70	55	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,410	480	1,930	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	226,805	76,655	150,150	1,540	565	975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,220	1,075	3,145	50	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	26,730	9,590	17,150	150	65	90
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,960	2,705	27,260	265	20	240
22. Legal professions and studies	34,935	10,780	24,150	200	85	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	5,150	1,960	3,185	50	10	40
42. Psychology	39,250	9,600	29,645	220	55	160
45. Social sciences	86,555	40,945	45,615	605	315	290
Business, management and public administration	379,485	152,040	227,445	2,765	745	2,025
30.16 Accounting and computer science	445	140	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	22,625	4,535	18,095	310	55	255
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	356,415	147,365	209,055	2,460	685	1,765
Physical and life sciences and technologies	77,340	37,350	39,990	555	235	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	33,945	14,030	19,915	260	100	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	18,520	8,355	10,165	75	30	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,545	520	1,030	15	10	15
40. Physical sciences	21,390	13,835	7,555	180	100	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,935	610	1,330	20	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	87,185	58,400	28,785	380	240	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	72,700	51,710	20,995	300	195	105
25. Library science	3,600	540	3,060	45	10	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,865	4,890	3,975	30	25	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	2,010	1,265	755	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	327,735	286,655	41,080	2,615	2,305	310
04. Architecture and related services	14,690	8,220	6,480	95	35	55
14. Engineering	93,760	73,350	20,400	495	390	105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	57,590	49,650	7,940	525	455	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	35	70	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	74,045	71,450	2,595	650	615	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	57,950	55,995	1,950	670	635	35
48. Precision production	29,605	27,965	1,640	180	170	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45,705	23,930	21,775	620	355	265
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	23,700	10,410	13,290	110	55	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	22,005	13,520	8,485	505	300	205
Health and related fields	258,665	55,710	202,960	1,760	370	1,395
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20,980	10,585	10,395	215	105	110
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	229,855	41,240	188,620	1,500	245	1,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	580	90	490	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	7,245	3,790	3,455	35	15	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	88,615	44,750	43,865	1,145	810	335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	56,165	18,390	37,775	385	160	225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	305	240	65	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	450	410	40	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	12,270	8,530	3,740	240	170	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,425	17,180	2,240	500	460	40
Other¹⁷⁹	535	180	355	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	23,080	11,575	11,505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	911,450	481,425	430,025	9,805	5,355	4,450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,780,415	831,835	948,580	13,275	6,220	7,055
Location of study inside Canada	1,316,405	622,255	694,150	11,535	5,445	6,095
Same as province or territory of residence	1,029,000	480,420	548,580	2,950	1,315	1,635
Different than province or territory of residence	287,405	141,835	145,570	8,590	4,130	4,455
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	464,010	209,580	254,430	1,740	780	965
Americas	84,155	40,735	43,420	230	115	115
United States of America	57,255	28,610	28,650	175	90	90
Mexico	8,850	3,950	4,895	10	0	0
Cuba	310	150	160	0	0	0
Haiti	20	15	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	655	290	365	25	10	15
Brazil	8,395	3,865	4,530	0	0	0
Colombia	2,315	1,005	1,310	0	0	0
Peru	945	345	595	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	815	345	470	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,590	2,160	2,430	10	10	10
Europe	92,195	46,985	45,210	375	165	210
Belgium	755	430	325	10	0	10
France	5,075	2,645	2,425	60	25	35
Germany	5,805	2,975	2,830	20	10	15
Netherlands	2,315	1,265	1,055	30	20	15
Switzerland	1,915	905	1,010	15	10	0
Hungary	945	430	515	10	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	455	200	255	0	0	0
Poland	2,960	1,320	1,645	0	10	0
Romania	3,515	1,720	1,795	0	0	0
Russian Federation	5,880	2,560	3,325	10	0	0
Ukraine	4,345	1,945	2,395	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	5,665	3,255	2,410	25	10	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	38,270	20,230	18,040	170	85	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	840	410	430	0	0	0
Italy	1,610	890	720	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	1,565	845	720	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10,275	4,955	5,320	15	0	10
Africa	12,250	6,465	5,785	205	120	90
Nigeria	1,315	690	630	10	10	0
Algeria	130	85	45	10	0	0
Morocco	470	255	215	35	25	10
Tunisia	160	75	85	10	0	0
Egypt	1,490	800	690	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	5,860	3,055	2,800	20	15	0
Other locations of study in Africa	2,825	1,510	1,315	115	55	60
Asia	258,905	106,700	152,210	855	335	515
Iran⁸⁸	16,325	7,150	9,175	0	0	0
Iraq	1,465	830	635	0	0	0
Israel	1,345	690	660	0	0	0
Lebanon	550	260	295	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	805	405	400	15	10	0
Turkey	1,680	995	680	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	59,350	24,555	34,795	30	15	10
Taiwan	8,905	2,985	5,915	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	7,025	2,820	4,210	10	0	0
Japan	8,185	1,960	6,230	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	19,605	7,220	12,385	40	15	25
Philippines	55,140	20,255	34,880	515	170	340
Viet Nam	2,145	625	1,520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,135	485	650	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	975	480	490	0	0	0
India	60,565	28,910	31,655	135	75	55
Pakistan	3,935	1,855	2,080	30	20	15
Other locations of study in Asia	9,780	4,215	5,565	35	10	25
Oceania	16,505	8,700	7,810	70	40	30
Australia	12,315	6,385	5,930	60	25	25
New Zealand	3,340	1,855	1,485	20	15	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	855	465	390	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	31,910	16,125	15,785
In the labour force	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900	22,555	11,670	10,885
Employed	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	20,600	10,530	10,070
Unemployed	223,675	113,655	110,015	1,950	1,135	815
Not in the labour force	1,543,145	670,020	873,130	9,360	4,455	4,900
Participation rate	63.3	67.3	59.4	70.7	72.4	69.0
Employment rate	57.9	61.7	54.3	64.6	65.3	63.8
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.6	9.7	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	31,915	16,125	15,790
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,563,830	685,205	878,625	9,590	4,625	4,965
Worked	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410	22,325	11,505	10,820
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,350,335	768,255	582,080	14,095	7,325	6,765
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,286,260	594,930	691,330	8,230	4,175	4,055
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.8	39.9	42.7	42.5	42.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	22,550	11,675	10,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	26,325	27,835	630	345	285
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	21,925	11,330	10,595
Employee	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330	20,320	10,385	9,935
Permanent position	1,788,175	913,100	875,070	16,025	8,250	7,775
Temporary position	356,305	163,045	193,255	4,295	2,135	2,160
Fixed term (1 year or more)	116,190	53,010	63,190	1,435	590	845
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	240,110	110,035	130,070	2,855	1,535	1,320
Self-employed¹⁹²	458,635	275,905	182,735	1,605	945	660
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	22,550	11,675	10,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	26,325	27,835	630	345	285
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	21,925	11,330	10,595
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	32,255	22,375	9,885	405	235	170
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	446,160	137,765	308,395	4,040	1,040	3,000
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	209,185	158,605	50,580	1,470	1,045	425
3 Health occupations	199,185	43,765	155,415	1,310	285	1,025
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	309,360	103,155	206,205	4,675	1,815	2,855
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	110,585	52,240	58,340	525	200	315
6 Sales and service occupations	666,705	293,530	373,180	4,405	2,050	2,355
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	469,450	425,905	43,545	4,110	3,810	300
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,075	51,750	20,325	595	515	85
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	88,155	62,965	25,185	390	330	60
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	22,550	11,675	10,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	26,325	27,835	630	345	285
All industries¹⁹¹	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	21,925	11,330	10,595
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	60,320	38,580	21,735	170	140	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	24,955	20,610	4,350	980	775	205
22 Utilities	14,820	10,765	4,050	305	245	60
23 Construction	234,345	201,185	33,155	1,380	1,200	175
31-33 Manufacturing	152,790	107,750	45,035	215	135	80
41 Wholesale trade	80,165	53,130	27,035	285	225	60
44-45 Retail trade	301,060	142,230	158,830	2,020	1,075	945
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	142,230	108,095	34,135	1,330	1,005	320
51 Information and cultural industries	71,295	43,800	27,495	350	200	155
52 Finance and insurance	95,560	41,275	54,290	280	95	185
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	59,155	31,515	27,640	280	165	120
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	238,650	131,495	107,150	965	560	400
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,785	2,740	3,040	10	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	110,215	62,865	47,350	745	500	245
61 Educational services	192,855	62,310	130,545	1,820	495	1,330
62 Health care and social assistance	319,525	64,150	255,375	2,430	510	1,920
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60,775	30,215	30,560	410	195	215
72 Accommodation and food services	182,105	78,435	103,670	1,055	550	510
81 Other services (except public administration)	113,780	50,100	63,680	715	390	330
91 Public administration	142,730	70,795	71,940	6,185	2,880	3,310
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	24,145	12,410	11,735
English	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935	22,435	11,645	10,795
French	3,090	850	2,240	105	50	55
Non-official language	52,925	27,750	25,180	135	65	75
Indigenous³⁹	140	60	80	95	40	55
Non-Indigenous	52,790	27,690	25,100	45	25	20
English and French	21,550	8,765	12,785	545	230	310
English and non-official language(s)	154,255	76,820	77,440	895	410	490
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,520	1,160	1,360	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	3,840	2,000	1,840	10	10	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	24,145	12,410	11,735
Single responses	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250	23,800	12,250	11,550
Official languages	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160	23,430	12,065	11,365
English	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470	23,235	11,985	11,250
French	6,430	1,740	4,690	195	75	120
Non-official languages	93,520	48,430	45,090	370	185	185
Indigenous languages³⁹	290	85	200	315	155	160
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	15	45	305	155	155
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	15	45	305	155	155
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	65	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	93,230	48,340	44,890	60	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	320	205	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	500	320	185	0	0	0
Amharic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Arabic	355	250	110	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	60	20	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,720	1,070	1,645	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,695	1,060	1,630	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	855	430	420	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	15	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	50	45	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	335	340	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	35	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	55	30	30	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30,820	18,165	12,655	0	0	0
Albanian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	350	565	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	900	350	555	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	25	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	85	25	60	0	0	0
Russian	645	245	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	40	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	680	310	370	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	450	200	255	0	0	0
German	400	180	220	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	50	15	30	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	100	100	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	85	40	45	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	105	55	50	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25,450	15,470	9,980	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	23,425	14,315	9,115	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	555	310	250	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,730	13,945	8,785	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	40	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	2,020	1,155	865	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	1,985	1,135	855	0	0	0
Dari	110	75	35	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	1,710	940	770	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	170	120	50	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,675	1,975	1,700	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	120	55	65	0	0	0
Portuguese	555	245	310	0	0	0
Romanian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Spanish	2,940	1,645	1,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	2,015	695	1,320	0	0	0
Korean	6,855	3,485	3,370	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	300	105	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	285	95	185	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,730	23,930	24,800	15	10	0
Chinese languages	48,670	23,890	24,780	15	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	28,465	13,710	14,755	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	110	125	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	19,865	10,015	9,855	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	45	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	20	0	0	0
Burmese	30	15	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	205	65	140	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	200	60	140	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	10	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	10	40	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	0	25	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35,660	18,080	17,585	340	155	185
English and French	2,470	970	1,510	95	50	50
English and non-official language(s)	32,195	16,590	15,610	240	110	130
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	825	445	380	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	24,145	12,410	11,735
None	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180	23,015	11,910	11,105
English	36,055	17,805	18,250	315	140	175
French	16,140	7,125	9,020	360	160	200
Non-official language	79,300	38,900	40,400	425	185	240
Indigenous³⁹	1,320	470	850	365	150	215
Non-Indigenous	77,980	38,430	39,550	60	35	30
English and French	70	30	40	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	4,745	2,165	2,580	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	1,945	860	1,085	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	13,685	6,410	7,275	20	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	20,605	10,535	10,070
Worked at home	549,845	262,840	287,005	1,990	905	1,085
Worked outside Canada	10,065	6,785	3,275	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	373,475	277,860	95,615	2,320	1,735	585
Usual place of work	1,500,215	717,240	782,980	16,280	7,880	8,395
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,500,215	717,235	782,980	16,280	7,885	8,390
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	774,620	341,895	432,725	14,640	6,900	7,740
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	638,825	322,890	315,940	785	440	350
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	77,845	46,415	31,440	495	325	170
Commute to a different province or territory	8,920	6,040	2,875	355	215	140
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	18,600	9,620	8,985
Car, truck or van	1,497,765	824,995	672,775	13,475	7,020	6,450
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,376,410	775,555	600,865	11,460	6,295	5,165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	121,350	49,440	71,910	2,015	730	1,285
Public transit	174,045	72,290	101,750	140	80	65
Walked	121,550	51,185	70,360	3,615	1,590	2,020
Bicycle	36,790	22,990	13,800	285	195	90
Other method	43,535	23,635	19,900	1,090	735	355
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	18,600	9,620	8,985
Less than 15 minutes	595,470	276,270	319,200	14,405	7,310	7,095
15 to 29 minutes	637,130	333,835	303,295	2,990	1,550	1,445
30 to 44 minutes	369,645	216,975	152,670	505	270	235
45 to 59 minutes	137,115	81,460	55,655	190	130	55
60 minutes and over	134,330	86,550	47,780	505	355	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	18,600	9,620	8,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	125,470	91,685	33,785	405	300	110
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	298,120	192,650	105,460	1,450	1,040	410
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	449,315	237,080	212,235	4,780	2,710	2,080
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	418,635	186,225	232,415	8,045	3,570	4,475
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	303,745	133,880	169,865	2,120	1,020	1,105
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	278,405	153,580	124,825	1,790	985	805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	884,130	455,675	428,450	10,195	5,210	4,985
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55,575	28,115	27,465	1,115	540	575
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	828,550	427,565	400,990	9,085	4,675	4,410
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	651,050	336,315	314,735	7,170	3,635	3,535
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	43,010	21,805	21,205	790	385	400
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	23,960	11,755	12,205	525	255	270
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	19,050	10,050	8,995	265	130	135
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	608,040	314,500	293,535	6,380	3,245	3,130

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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