Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Ottawa, City (CV)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove			Toronto, City (C)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove			Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,017,449	...	...	2,794,356	...	...	1,762,949	...	...	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	934,243	...	...	2,731,571	...	...	1,704,694	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9	...	...	2.3	...	...	3.4	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	427,113	...	...	1,253,238	...	...	878,542	...	...	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	407,252	...	...	1,160,892	...	...	816,338	...	...	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	364.9	...	...	4,427.8	...	...	4,833.5	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,788.20	...	...	631.10	...	...	364.74	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,017,445	496,045	521,405	2,794,355	1,350,865	1,443,490	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	166,920	84,820	82,105	384,295	197,395	186,900	270,430	138,255	132,170	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	48,790	24,600	24,195	123,550	63,380	60,170	88,670	45,335	43,335	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	57,410	29,290	28,125	129,040	66,350	62,690	93,325	47,700	45,620	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	60,720	30,930	29,790	131,710	67,665	64,040	88,435	45,220	43,215	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	678,375	333,520	344,850	1,933,075	945,475	987,600	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	60,385	30,685	29,705	134,810	69,135	65,675	82,475	41,675	40,805	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	70,785	35,910	34,875	185,650	93,740	91,915	125,235	63,220	62,015	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	72,830	36,540	36,295	243,955	121,370	122,585	153,995	77,680	76,315	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	70,190	34,670	35,520	246,785	122,845	123,935	146,855	73,810	73,040	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	69,520	33,780	35,735	213,810	105,070	108,740	135,880	67,835	68,040	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	65,890	31,520	34,370	185,820	88,905	96,910	127,165	63,885	63,285	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	66,240	31,705	34,540	175,875	82,600	93,275	110,130	55,495	54,630	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	67,265	32,775	34,490	184,060	87,130	96,925	105,545	54,115	51,435	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	71,465	35,225	36,235	191,380	92,710	98,665	108,040	55,305	52,730	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	63,795	30,710	33,090	170,935	81,960	88,970	101,725	50,055	51,670	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	172,150	77,700	94,455	476,985	207,995	268,990	295,475	126,635	168,845	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	52,355	24,910	27,445	141,550	65,525	76,025	85,025	40,115	44,915	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	45,375	21,150	24,230	118,910	53,985	64,930	72,300	32,855	39,445	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	30,940	14,100	16,840	81,880	36,035	45,850	52,720	22,645	30,075	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	21,080	9,190	11,890	62,790	26,000	36,785	39,395	15,780	23,610	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	22,395	8,350	14,050	71,855	26,455	45,400	46,035	15,250	30,790	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	13,385	5,445	7,940	42,430	16,995	25,435	27,835	10,185	17,655	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	6,775	2,305	4,470	22,155	7,545	14,610	14,360	4,155	10,205	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	1,960	540	1,415	6,400	1,720	4,675	3,375	825	2,560	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	275	55	220	875	195	680	465	90	375	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.1	15.7	13.8	14.6	12.9	15.3	15.9	14.8	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.2	66.1	69.2	70.0	68.4	67.9	69.5	66.4	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	16.9	15.7	18.1	17.1	15.4	18.6	16.8	14.6	18.9	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.7	2.6	2.0	3.1	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	40.7	39.8	41.5	41.5	40.3	42.6	40.6	39.5	41.7	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	40.0	38.8	40.8	39.6	38.4	41.2	38.8	38.0	39.6	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,340	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	169,760	...	...	270,490	...	...	58,065	...	...	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	21,675	...	...	71,955	...	...	25,740	...	...	746,560	...	...
Row house	87,045	...	...	62,915	...	...	26,175	...	...	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,595	...	...	47,810	...	...	107,565	...	...	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	43,025	...	...	162,245	...	...	464,420	...	...	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	76,895	...	...	542,625	...	...	130,615	...	...	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	460	...	...	2,770	...	...	3,350	...	...	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	795	...	...	85	...	...	415	...	...	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	407,255	...	...	1,160,895	...	...	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	116,370	...	...	385,765	...	...	341,345	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	135,365	...	...	353,415	...	...	242,175	...	...	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	61,740	...	...	178,225	...	...	103,550	...	...	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	59,175	...	...	147,360	...	...	82,715	...	...	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	34,605	...	...	96,120	...	...	46,560	...	...	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,000,935	489,175	511,760	2,761,285	1,336,430	1,424,855	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	850,525	411,225	439,305	2,410,060	1,153,470	1,256,590	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	474,220	237,030	237,195	1,213,410	610,400	603,015	705,905	356,290	349,615	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	390,555	194,930	195,630	1,020,980	511,485	509,505	475,835	239,100	236,735	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	83,660	42,100	41,565	192,430	98,920	93,510	230,070	117,190	112,880	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	63,475	31,825	31,650	155,085	79,230	75,855	196,170	99,370	96,795	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	3,270	1,850	1,420	5,745	3,350	2,400	2,885	1,655	1,230	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	15,380	7,720	7,665	29,020	15,200	13,825	28,550	15,015	13,530	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	1,535	705	835	2,580	1,145	1,440	2,465	1,140	1,320	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	376,305	174,200	202,110	1,196,645	543,075	653,575	786,615	373,420	413,195	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	265,265	139,265	126,000	853,580	437,820	415,760	572,045	304,055	267,990	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	22,900	9,375	13,525	67,320	27,225	40,095	31,535	13,590	17,945	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	48,880	17,340	31,545	154,535	55,725	98,805	113,315	41,760	71,560	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	39,265	8,220	31,045	121,210	22,300	98,910	69,720	14,020	55,700	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	275,395	...	...	733,225	...	...	428,615	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	135,105	...	...	362,160	...	...	221,015	...	...	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	57,890	...	...	174,070	...	...	92,715	...	...	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	56,630	...	...	141,635	...	...	77,780	...	...	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	25,765	...	...	55,360	...	...	37,105	...	...	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	275,395	...	...	733,220	...	...	428,610	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	231,060	...	...	580,590	...	...	338,830	...	...	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	189,255	...	...	484,435	...	...	223,910	...	...	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	108,720	...	...	288,375	...	...	133,435	...	...	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	80,535	...	...	196,060	...	...	90,475	...	...	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	41,805	...	...	96,155	...	...	114,915	...	...	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	12,885	...	...	24,805	...	...	41,490	...	...	808,645	...	...
Without children	28,920	...	...	71,350	...	...	73,430	...	...	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	44,335	...	...	152,635	...	...	89,785	...	...	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35,065	...	...	127,560	...	...	72,595	...	...	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	9,270	...	...	25,075	...	...	17,190	...	...	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,000,935	489,175	511,760	2,761,290	1,336,430	1,424,855	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	809,960	399,195	410,760	2,108,975	1,030,460	1,078,515	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	462,120	231,290	230,835	1,161,175	584,390	576,785	677,655	341,670	335,985	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	44,335	9,270	35,065	152,635	25,075	127,560	89,785	17,190	72,595	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	303,505	158,645	144,860	795,165	420,995	374,170	463,940	243,975	219,965	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	231,930	120,770	111,160	560,345	295,780	264,560	329,670	172,390	157,285	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	71,570	37,870	33,700	234,820	125,210	109,615	134,270	71,585	62,680	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	190,980	89,975	101,000	652,310	305,970	346,345	491,830	248,740	243,090	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	116,365	51,045	65,325	385,765	172,230	213,540	341,350	165,410	175,935	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	25,225	10,585	14,640	93,005	36,350	56,655	45,070	20,400	24,670	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	49,385	28,350	21,035	173,540	97,395	76,150	105,415	62,925	42,485	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	407,255	...	...	1,160,895	...	...	816,335	...	...	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	245,945	...	...	608,930	...	...	394,155	...	...	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	210,295	...	...	493,770	...	...	317,105	...	...	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	110,890	...	...	265,950	...	...	163,645	...	...	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	99,405	...	...	227,825	...	...	153,460	...	...	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	35,650	...	...	115,160	...	...	77,045	...	...	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	9,915	...	...	40,515	...	...	11,240	...	...	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,870	...	...	9,920	...	...	1,730	...	...	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10,995	...	...	41,030	...	...	14,975	...	...	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	22,155	...	...	74,730	...	...	52,900	...	...	663,835	...	...
One-person households	116,370	...	...	385,765	...	...	341,345	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	834,205	404,450	429,755	2,377,950	1,139,545	1,238,405	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	799,200	386,555	412,640	2,267,990	1,084,035	1,183,950	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	55,600	45,600	39,200	42,000	37,200	36,800	38,800	35,600	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	799,650	386,770	412,875	2,268,960	1,084,545	1,184,415	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,400	40,800	36,000	38,000	34,400	33,200	34,400	32,400	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	728,470	358,275	370,195	1,971,475	961,465	1,010,015	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,000	40,800	35,600	40,400	31,600	30,200	34,000	26,600	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	592,955	300,705	292,250	1,628,895	818,820	810,075	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	52,400	42,800	38,800	42,800	34,800	32,400	35,200	29,400	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	708,155	336,015	372,140	2,073,950	980,850	1,093,100	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,840	8,300	8,500	6,600	9,900	10,700	9,500	11,900	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,350	24,065	32,285	215,780	93,240	122,550	157,000	78,185	78,815	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,480	6,000	5,560	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	197,900	96,185	101,715	751,475	369,900	381,575	472,820	247,320	225,500	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	834,140	404,315	429,825	2,377,950	1,139,355	1,238,590	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	799,175	386,475	412,700	2,268,720	1,084,315	1,184,405	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,500	73,000	56,650	62,050	71,900	53,000	50,120	55,450	45,000	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	799,595	386,675	412,920	2,269,665	1,084,780	1,184,885	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	58,100	47,200	49,080	54,800	43,880	40,680	43,560	37,880	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	728,550	358,535	370,020	1,972,460	962,230	1,010,235	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,750	71,000	52,750	60,300	71,400	49,720	45,560	52,350	38,800	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	592,955	301,070	291,890	1,628,885	818,905	809,980	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,650	68,000	53,150	60,100	70,100	50,040	46,120	51,700	40,200	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	708,130	336,085	372,045	2,074,670	981,145	1,093,525	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,340	8,240	10,340	10,500	9,390	11,490	12,020	10,830	13,080	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,125	23,630	31,500	214,715	93,140	121,570	156,980	78,065	78,920	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	5,815	7,870	6,470	5,970	6,840	6,800	6,070	7,510	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	196,650	95,610	101,040	751,260	370,340	380,925	471,875	247,465	224,410	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,140	9,080	10,060	10,090	10,030	9,130	9,180	9,080	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	834,140	404,315	429,820	2,377,945	1,139,355	1,238,590	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	313,220	168,925	144,295	764,215	409,545	354,675	452,020	244,470	207,545	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	83,000	72,500	69,500	74,000	65,500	58,400	61,600	55,200	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,800	98,400	82,000	95,900	107,900	82,000	74,000	81,500	65,100	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	211,910	98,085	113,830	628,025	294,775	333,255	450,610	222,280	228,330	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	17,600	16,400	17,200	18,200	16,400	16,400	17,400	15,600	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	32,400	26,960	31,080	35,560	27,160	26,120	28,320	24,020	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.2	90.2	83.6	84.6	88.2	80.0	79.8	84.4	74.4	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8	72.6	66.4	69.6	73.6	64.6	67.4	71.8	62.1	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.8	9.8	16.4	15.5	11.8	20.0	20.2	15.7	25.5	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.1	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.4	4.7	5.9	5.1	6.9	6.9	6.5	7.4	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.1	3.9	5.4	4.8	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.4	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	834,205	404,455	429,750	2,377,950	1,139,540	1,238,410	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	35,010	17,895	17,110	109,960	55,505	54,450	57,180	28,440	28,735	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	799,195	386,555	412,645	2,267,990	1,084,035	1,183,955	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	64,735	28,505	36,225	211,890	95,345	116,545	120,165	57,640	62,520	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	81,905	35,885	46,020	278,135	128,640	149,490	179,185	83,775	95,410	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	99,655	44,000	55,660	383,760	173,415	210,345	259,695	119,565	140,135	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	82,070	36,275	45,795	278,910	123,895	155,015	194,585	93,585	101,000	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	72,320	32,145	40,180	221,305	99,630	121,675	163,390	78,450	84,940	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	65,745	29,095	36,650	177,155	80,720	96,430	123,115	58,355	64,755	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	60,485	27,925	32,560	138,600	65,425	73,180	88,460	43,350	45,110	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	51,755	25,620	26,135	111,165	54,305	56,865	64,815	33,230	31,590	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	44,255	23,120	21,140	90,210	47,155	43,055	50,645	26,325	24,320	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	36,745	19,310	17,430	73,405	38,500	34,900	36,060	19,280	16,785	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	139,520	84,675	54,845	303,450	176,995	126,450	115,980	71,595	44,385	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	96,335	55,110	41,225	174,940	95,315	79,625	74,835	44,155	30,680	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	43,185	29,565	13,625	128,510	81,685	46,825	41,145	27,440	13,705	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	834,205	404,455	429,750	2,377,950	1,139,540	1,238,410	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	34,560	17,680	16,875	108,985	54,995	53,995	56,805	28,265	28,535	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	799,645	386,770	412,875	2,268,965	1,084,545	1,184,420	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	68,945	29,655	39,285	219,695	98,860	120,830	124,825	59,490	65,335	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	85,505	37,495	48,015	290,385	135,125	155,265	188,395	88,605	99,785	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	112,255	50,030	62,225	427,315	192,875	234,435	303,115	142,120	161,000	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	96,660	43,605	53,055	317,215	143,540	173,680	231,960	113,680	118,280	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	87,825	38,985	48,840	254,390	116,075	138,315	183,475	88,390	95,090	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	80,210	36,915	43,295	191,895	89,410	102,485	123,490	59,975	63,515	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	65,560	32,530	33,030	144,175	71,035	73,140	81,775	41,055	40,725	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	53,935	28,340	25,590	107,625	56,265	51,360	52,690	27,360	25,330	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	45,245	23,750	21,495	85,860	43,655	42,210	32,505	18,175	14,325	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	32,110	18,430	13,680	54,710	29,750	24,955	21,155	12,260	8,890	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	71,395	47,035	24,360	175,685	107,950	67,735	53,090	34,210	18,885	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	38,570	24,160	14,415	72,650	41,585	31,060	25,835	15,730	10,105	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	32,825	22,880	9,945	103,035	66,370	36,670	27,260	18,485	8,775	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	834,205	404,455	429,750	2,377,950	1,139,540	1,238,410	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	241,250	103,750	137,500	749,060	320,720	428,335	431,575	186,210	245,365	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	592,955	300,705	292,250	1,628,890	818,815	810,070	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	76,830	37,215	39,615	233,535	111,890	121,640	145,910	71,820	74,090	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	44,305	20,170	24,135	149,810	68,255	81,550	99,605	47,595	52,010	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	60,500	28,255	32,250	182,800	85,935	96,860	136,545	66,030	70,515	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	43,960	21,040	22,915	134,370	63,055	71,310	105,255	51,415	53,840	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	40,800	19,885	20,915	131,130	63,285	67,845	98,425	50,780	47,640	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	40,555	19,160	21,390	128,965	61,660	67,305	94,645	47,585	47,065	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	41,380	19,315	22,065	117,230	56,800	60,430	76,170	39,085	37,085	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	40,990	19,215	21,775	98,370	49,625	48,745	59,460	31,825	27,635	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	35,050	17,715	17,335	81,720	41,950	39,765	46,765	25,580	21,185	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	17,015	15,360	69,910	38,470	31,440	40,295	21,350	18,945	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	29,120	14,990	14,125	61,540	32,370	29,175	27,160	15,825	11,340	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	107,100	66,730	40,370	239,510	145,510	94,000	91,480	58,500	32,980	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	51,775	29,450	22,325	94,895	52,690	42,210	40,345	24,630	15,710	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	55,320	37,280	18,040	144,610	92,825	51,790	51,135	33,870	17,270	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	834,205	404,450	429,755	2,377,950	1,139,545	1,238,405	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780,535	377,120	403,405	2,210,875	1,054,040	1,156,835	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	53,200	42,400	36,400	39,600	33,600	33,200	35,600	31,200	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780,930	377,185	403,750	2,211,340	1,054,160	1,157,180	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,400	38,000	33,600	36,000	31,400	30,400	32,000	28,800	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	714,635	351,395	363,235	1,937,590	943,240	994,350	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	52,800	40,400	37,200	41,600	33,600	31,400	35,200	27,800	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	588,510	297,810	290,705	1,619,820	811,895	807,930	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,800	41,600	39,200	42,800	36,000	33,200	36,000	30,200	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	664,760	315,965	348,795	1,945,410	918,155	1,027,255	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,450	850	3,240	1,300	870	2,440	4,280	2,660	7,150	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40,110	16,015	24,095	112,960	44,865	68,095	104,820	51,840	52,980	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,240	6,750	6,080	5,640	6,400	5,080	4,640	5,640	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	834,140	404,315	429,825	2,377,950	1,139,355	1,238,590	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	780,035	376,805	403,230	2,211,540	1,054,250	1,157,290	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,900	69,400	52,900	59,500	70,400	49,480	46,600	52,150	41,320	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	780,415	376,845	403,565	2,211,955	1,054,335	1,157,620	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,440	55,200	44,080	46,960	53,600	40,920	37,760	40,880	34,720	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	714,295	351,445	362,855	1,937,680	943,545	994,135	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,550	69,700	51,650	61,500	73,700	49,960	45,560	52,600	38,600	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	588,525	297,910	290,615	1,620,165	812,015	808,145	999,875	515,515	484,355	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,900	66,300	51,350	60,200	70,700	49,760	46,040	51,800	39,920	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	664,165	315,875	348,290	1,946,775	919,240	1,027,530	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,270	7,430	6,335	5,108	7,430	8,160	6,610	9,490	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,730	16,350	24,380	113,735	44,895	68,835	104,790	51,525	53,260	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,840	6,305	8,860	7,670	6,680	8,310	7,380	5,970	8,740	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	834,140	404,315	429,820	2,377,945	1,139,355	1,238,590	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	310,985	167,595	143,385	753,570	403,225	350,345	446,040	241,000	205,040	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	78,500	67,000	64,000	68,000	60,000	52,800	56,400	49,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,700	91,500	74,700	90,200	103,200	75,200	67,700	75,300	58,700	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	196,430	90,730	105,700	585,965	275,395	310,575	411,950	203,780	208,170	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	22,800	20,800	24,400	25,800	23,400	21,600	23,200	20,400	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,480	37,920	31,520	38,040	43,120	33,520	31,400	34,200	28,640	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	93.6	87.8	90.6	93.6	86.6	86.2	90.6	80.8	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	73.0	75.4	70.0	74.2	77.2	70.2	72.8	77.2	67.6	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	9.0	6.4	12.1	9.4	6.3	13.3	13.8	9.4	19.1	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.7	0.4	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	407,255	...	...	1,160,895	...	...	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	63,600	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	116,370	...	...	385,765	...	...	341,345	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	45,200	...	...	37,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	40,400	...	...	33,600	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	290,885	...	...	775,125	...	...	474,990	...	...	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,700	...	...	121,200	...	...	85,700	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	69,600	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	116,230	...	...	385,525	...	...	341,250	...	...	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	63,850	...	...	48,400	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	...	...	51,200	...	...	39,760	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	291,025	...	...	775,365	...	...	475,105	...	...	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,400	...	...	149,800	...	...	112,600	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	118,300	...	...	91,000	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	4,455	...	...	21,975	...	...	17,005	...	...	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,405	...	...	10,700	...	...	9,785	...	...	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,680	...	...	18,325	...	...	16,775	...	...	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,985	...	...	23,970	...	...	24,425	...	...	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10,820	...	...	52,135	...	...	54,215	...	...	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	9,080	...	...	40,010	...	...	38,420	...	...	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,475	...	...	38,210	...	...	37,880	...	...	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,320	...	...	39,540	...	...	38,590	...	...	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,715	...	...	39,320	...	...	39,530	...	...	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,070	...	...	39,335	...	...	37,970	...	...	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,155	...	...	78,920	...	...	69,550	...	...	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	24,780	...	...	77,155	...	...	62,125	...	...	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	24,500	...	...	72,540	...	...	55,220	...	...	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,185	...	...	68,900	...	...	49,040	...	...	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	22,710	...	...	62,465	...	...	41,220	...	...	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	208,915	...	...	477,390	...	...	224,580	...	...	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50,875	...	...	126,785	...	...	76,005	...	...	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,410	...	...	90,785	...	...	48,680	...	...	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	54,675	...	...	112,045	...	...	51,900	...	...	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	62,955	...	...	147,770	...	...	47,995	...	...	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	4,980	...	...	24,205	...	...	18,250	...	...	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,470	...	...	10,965	...	...	10,005	...	...	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,800	...	...	18,670	...	...	17,050	...	...	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,240	...	...	25,555	...	...	26,035	...	...	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,615	...	...	55,350	...	...	59,285	...	...	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,425	...	...	44,335	...	...	46,355	...	...	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,305	...	...	43,080	...	...	45,485	...	...	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,425	...	...	45,405	...	...	47,370	...	...	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,055	...	...	46,380	...	...	46,995	...	...	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	13,980	...	...	47,410	...	...	43,530	...	...	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	29,855	...	...	94,635	...	...	78,470	...	...	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,930	...	...	90,850	...	...	68,975	...	...	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,450	...	...	84,155	...	...	59,285	...	...	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,010	...	...	76,730	...	...	49,000	...	...	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,500	...	...	65,450	...	...	39,955	...	...	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	172,210	...	...	387,715	...	...	160,295	...	...	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	54,115	...	...	125,030	...	...	68,460	...	...	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	39,740	...	...	84,425	...	...	38,400	...	...	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	78,355	...	...	178,260	...	...	53,430	...	...	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	274,735	...	...	723,990	...	...	435,310	...	...	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	101,595	...	...	238,385	...	...	156,425	...	...	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	73,500	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	122,135	...	...	313,995	...	...	175,465	...	...	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	41,580	...	...	138,855	...	...	86,340	...	...	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	71,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	58,800	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	165,755	79,400	86,360	559,305	269,620	289,685	446,765	228,335	218,420	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	45,200	47,600	39,200	38,800	39,600	34,000	34,400	33,600	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	40,400	42,400	35,600	35,200	36,000	30,800	31,000	30,800	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	274,750	...	...	723,485	...	...	435,360	...	...	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,400	...	...	151,400	...	...	115,400	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,100	...	...	118,700	...	...	92,800	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	101,380	...	...	238,080	...	...	156,545	...	...	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	142,400	...	...	109,200	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...	110,100	...	...	86,500	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	122,400	...	...	314,490	...	...	175,580	...	...	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	186,600	...	...	189,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	145,600	...	...	114,400	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	41,480	...	...	138,050	...	...	86,035	...	...	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	89,200	...	...	75,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	77,100	...	...	65,100	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	165,700	78,980	86,720	558,720	268,480	290,245	446,290	227,645	218,645	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,900	57,600	56,300	55,950	57,400	54,600	44,280	45,400	43,080	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,360	47,360	47,360	45,680	46,200	45,240	36,760	37,240	36,240	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,000,940	489,180	511,760	2,761,285	1,336,425	1,424,855	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	202,130	102,880	99,245	461,810	237,260	224,550	316,605	161,795	154,815	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	59,530	30,115	29,415	148,485	76,170	72,320	107,500	54,865	52,630	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	638,295	312,235	326,060	1,842,580	897,600	944,980	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	160,515	74,065	86,450	456,895	201,570	255,325	266,200	117,200	149,000	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	89,205	41,925	47,285	363,955	170,110	193,845	299,080	143,995	155,085	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	21,565	10,970	10,605	67,725	34,800	32,925	49,430	25,350	24,085	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	7,035	3,560	3,470	22,175	11,260	10,910	17,500	8,905	8,595	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	52,460	24,915	27,545	218,825	104,895	113,925	184,970	93,610	91,360	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	15,185	6,045	9,140	77,410	30,410	47,005	64,675	25,040	39,635	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.9	8.6	9.2	13.2	12.7	13.6	17.4	16.9	17.8	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	15.6	15.7	15.6	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.8	11.8	14.9	14.8	15.1	16.3	16.2	16.3	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.0	8.5	11.9	11.7	12.1	16.2	16.3	16.1	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	9.5	8.2	10.6	16.9	15.1	18.4	24.3	21.4	26.6	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,000,935	489,175	511,760	2,761,290	1,336,430	1,424,855	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	202,125	102,880	99,250	461,805	237,255	224,550	316,610	161,790	154,815	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	59,525	30,110	29,410	148,485	76,165	72,315	107,500	54,870	52,635	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	638,295	312,235	326,060	1,842,585	897,605	944,975	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	160,515	74,060	86,455	456,895	201,565	255,330	266,195	117,200	148,995	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,550	30,045	29,500	241,110	122,080	119,030	199,665	102,220	97,440	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	11,235	5,710	5,525	35,500	18,215	17,290	26,605	13,610	12,995	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	3,615	1,800	1,815	11,610	5,845	5,765	9,255	4,715	4,540	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	43,190	22,140	21,050	179,925	92,890	87,040	144,765	77,525	67,235	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	5,120	2,195	2,925	25,685	10,980	14,705	28,295	11,090	17,205	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.1	5.8	8.7	9.1	8.4	11.6	12.0	11.2	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.6	5.6	7.7	7.7	7.7	8.4	8.4	8.4	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	6.0	6.2	7.8	7.7	8.0	8.6	8.6	8.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.1	6.5	9.8	10.4	9.2	12.7	13.5	11.8	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	5.6	5.5	5.8	10.6	9.5	11.6	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,000,940	489,180	511,760	2,761,285	1,336,425	1,424,855	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	380,325	182,230	198,100	1,385,785	657,800	727,980	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	86,925	42,530	44,395	348,260	169,275	178,980	278,660	138,645	140,020	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	70,295	33,095	37,200	287,815	133,480	154,340	226,095	107,680	118,415	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	70,060	33,670	36,390	265,075	124,965	140,110	221,215	107,370	113,845	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	72,780	34,600	38,180	245,925	116,600	129,330	197,520	96,110	101,415	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	80,265	38,330	41,935	238,700	113,485	125,215	174,245	85,395	88,855	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	620,610	306,950	313,665	1,375,505	678,625	696,880	625,475	316,385	309,090	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	88,850	42,775	46,070	234,350	112,690	121,660	150,945	74,795	76,155	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	100,465	48,890	51,575	236,815	114,510	122,300	134,455	67,455	67,000	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	117,410	57,895	59,520	245,465	120,335	125,125	121,350	61,450	59,900	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	146,625	72,875	73,755	268,615	133,080	135,530	108,785	55,650	53,130	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	167,260	84,515	82,745	390,265	198,000	192,265	109,935	57,030	52,905	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,000,935	...	...	2,761,290	...	...	1,723,210	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.345	...	...	0.437	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.555	...	...	0.516	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.301	...	...	0.371	...	...	0.318	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,006,965	491,745	515,220	2,772,630	1,341,750	1,430,880	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	610,175	311,375	298,800	2,409,655	1,187,180	1,222,480	207,690	107,915	99,775	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	14,275	5,910	8,365	2,555	1,125	1,430	473,490	215,190	258,295	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	367,035	168,485	198,545	236,915	104,325	132,595	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	15,480	5,975	9,500	123,505	49,120	74,380	41,975	16,745	25,230	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,006,965	491,745	515,220	2,772,630	1,341,750	1,430,880	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	824,560	408,695	415,860	2,590,345	1,265,255	1,325,090	457,725	231,930	225,795	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	141,555	65,135	76,425	38,695	18,240	20,460	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	25,845	12,200	13,650	22,190	10,120	12,070	151,345	77,485	73,865	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	15,000	5,710	9,290	121,390	48,135	73,260	40,705	16,120	24,585	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,006,965	491,745	515,220	2,772,630	1,341,750	1,430,880	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	944,105	461,815	482,295	2,588,520	1,253,850	1,334,665	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	711,900	351,245	360,650	1,425,805	711,505	714,295	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	585,865	292,780	293,085	1,391,685	695,305	696,380	225,920	115,155	110,765	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	126,030	58,470	67,565	34,115	16,200	17,920	818,225	403,185	415,040	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	232,210	110,565	121,640	1,162,715	542,350	620,370	571,625	277,655	293,970	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	595	240	360	265	130	145	355	125	230	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	205	90	115	225	105	120	190	70	120	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	110	55	60	75	35	45	165	60	105	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0	25	5	20	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	105	45	55	70	35	40	95	35	60	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0	35	15	20	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	15	20	25	5	20	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	5	5	5	5	0	5	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	30	15	15	50	20	30	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	10	5	0	10	0	10	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	15	5	10	10	5	0	5	0	5	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	25	50	140	70	75	25	10	10	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	10	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	55	20	35	135	70	65	5	5	0	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	20	10	10	5	0	0	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	15	30	105	50	50	0	5	0	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	5	5	5	5	5	0	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	5	5	5	5	5	0	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	365	135	230	10	5	10	135	30	105	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140
Inuktitut	360	135	230	15	5	10	135	30	105	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	15	5	5	10	5	5	15	10	5	355	150	205
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	15	5	5	15	5	5	15	10	5	275	115	155
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	325	155	170
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	231,615	110,330	121,285	1,162,445	542,225	620,225	571,270	277,530	293,740	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	55,580	27,700	27,885	70,715	35,165	35,550	119,100	63,230	55,865	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	500	275	225	115	70	45	15,445	8,305	7,140	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	355	190	165	75	40	35	14,315	7,650	6,660	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	125	70	50	30	20	5	985	570	415	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	10	5	5	150	85	65	395	225	170
Chadic languages	80	40	40	205	135	75	335	180	160	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	50	30	20	190	125	65	175	100	70	1,315	740	570
Mina	30	15	20	15	10	5	165	80	90	675	340	335
Coptic	30	10	15	40	20	25	165	90	75	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	7,610	3,295	4,320	12,110	5,465	6,645	765	360	410	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	90	45	45	130	75	60	20	10	10	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	210	110	95	875	420	450	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	7,150	3,055	4,090	11,020	4,925	6,100	735	345	390	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	80	45	35	15	5	5	755	400	350
Semitic languages	47,365	24,080	23,285	58,240	29,480	28,765	102,380	54,295	48,085	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	1,615	745	870	7,465	3,405	4,065	495	235	255	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	43,645	22,255	21,395	32,985	17,385	15,600	99,450	52,790	46,660	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	115	55	65	5,335	2,555	2,785	120	50	65	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	30	40	4,195	1,975	2,220	40	15	25	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	15	5	945	475	470	10	5	5	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	15	15	195	105	90	70	30	40	1,600	805	795
Harari	40	15	25	700	310	390	5	5	0	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	475	265	210	4,210	2,280	1,930	1,580	845	735	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	35	15	20	1,090	525	570	5	0	5	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	1,390	715	675	6,310	2,950	3,360	705	360	340	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	140	75	65	25	10	10	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,685	3,470	4,210	28,750	12,695	16,050	23,210	10,690	12,525	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,085	490	595	1,230	540	685	4,580	2,090	2,500	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	6,590	2,980	3,610	27,445	12,125	15,320	18,595	8,585	10,005	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	75	35	40	35	20	15	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	8,640	3,295	5,345	102,870	41,175	61,695	15,495	6,045	9,455	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	30	20	10	330	145	190	85	40	50	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	150	55	90	1,385	580	810	305	120	180	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	340	115	220	2,750	1,095	1,660	680	250	430	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	5	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	165	60	100	2,140	840	1,305	390	130	260	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	725	295	430	9,165	3,735	5,430	1,650	670	980	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	365	145	220	1,905	850	1,055	405	165	240	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	20	10	15	245	110	135	15	10	5	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	15	5	15	185	75	110	25	10	15	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	70	30	40	20	10	15	410	185	225	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	20	10	15	5	0	0	285	120	160	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	25	30	15	5	10	130	65	65	835	415	425
Malay	55	15	40	195	95	100	45	20	30	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	25	875	400	480	160	75	90	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	20	10	10	450	180	265	90	40	50	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,440	2,440	3,995	82,185	32,660	49,530	10,970	4,220	6,755	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	40	15	25	270	105	170	40	15	20	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	50	90	755	305	450	215	100	115	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	4,355	1,865	2,490	2,720	1,235	1,480	36,965	16,655	20,310	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	3,240	1,370	1,865	720	315	405	27,145	12,010	15,135	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	150	65	85	10	5	5	600	315	290
Krio	25	15	15	100	45	60	10	10	5	795	365	435
Morisyen	220	110	110	565	265	300	910	440	470	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	20	15	5	0	0	0	50	25	20	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	750	310	445	765	350	415	8,605	4,065	4,535	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	420	200	215	230	100	125	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	5,840	3,050	2,785	67,995	34,355	33,640	12,090	6,330	5,765	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	330	165	165	1,185	600	575	225	140	90	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	1,350	725	625	7,290	4,225	3,065	1,315	700	610	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	2,920	1,465	1,455	52,905	25,655	27,250	9,175	4,555	4,615	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	1,200	675	520	6,450	3,790	2,660	1,350	915	430	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	25	15	15	115	60	60	15	10	5	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	50	25	25	10	5	10	370	170	195
Georgian	40	20	20	1,095	590	505	105	45	55	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	97,715	46,940	50,770	571,820	274,720	297,095	289,040	139,810	149,235	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	765	390	380	9,195	4,540	4,660	1,795	885	910	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	450	220	230	7,615	3,645	3,970	5,565	2,645	2,920	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	20,590	9,180	11,410	105,980	47,080	58,905	29,665	13,025	16,635	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	405	165	240	2,645	1,030	1,610	315	125	195	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	215	90	125	1,165	450	715	115	55	60	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	185	80	105	1,480	585	895	205	70	140	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	20,185	9,015	11,175	103,340	46,045	57,290	29,350	12,905	16,445	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	50	25	20	135	55	80	30	15	15	720	325	395
Bulgarian	870	405	460	3,830	1,780	2,050	3,100	1,440	1,660	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	780	330	445	2,410	1,075	1,335	555	255	300	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	100	45	55	5,090	2,400	2,690	95	40	55	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	5,110	2,240	2,865	20,795	8,965	11,835	5,875	2,530	3,345	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	7,295	3,220	4,075	33,770	14,690	19,080	14,020	6,080	7,940	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	0	0	0	20	10	10	5	5	0	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	3,520	1,675	1,845	19,275	9,060	10,210	2,580	1,265	1,320	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	700	340	365	1,295	620	675	340	170	175	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	980	460	520	4,990	2,220	2,775	865	415	450	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	1,755	845	915	12,630	6,055	6,575	1,300	645	650	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	85	40	45	365	170	190	80	35	45	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	530	225	300	2,765	1,290	1,475	345	130	220	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	180	65	110	1,425	575	850	240	100	140	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	1,755	775	980	13,740	6,100	7,640	2,490	1,045	1,440	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	65	35	30	20	10	10	440	235	205
Celtic languages	80	35	40	195	100	100	40	25	10	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	20	10	10	95	55	40	10	5	0	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	35	20	15	0	5	0	425	210	210
Welsh	40	20	20	50	20	35	15	10	5	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	10	5	15	5	5	230	135	95
Germanic languages	7,545	3,440	4,100	17,060	7,825	9,230	11,285	5,660	5,630	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	30	15	15	30	15	15	5	5	0	1,570	800	775
High German languages	4,615	2,035	2,580	12,605	5,640	6,970	9,860	4,925	4,935	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	4,305	1,880	2,420	10,700	4,765	5,930	3,360	1,560	1,795	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	180	75	100	305	130	170	235	125	110	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	130	75	55	1,600	735	865	6,270	3,240	3,025	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,215	1,070	1,140	3,005	1,520	1,480	895	465	430	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	210	100	105	450	245	200	65	40	25	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	1,910	920	990	2,430	1,215	1,210	740	390	345	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	5	5	0	5	0	5	5	0	0	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	20	10	10	5	0	5	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	65	30	35	100	45	50	85	35	50	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	660	310	350	1,375	625	755	480	245	230	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	270	125	145	535	235	300	150	70	80	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	20	15	5	50	25	20	30	15	15	905	430	480
Norwegian	130	50	80	190	80	105	65	35	30	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	245	125	120	610	285	330	230	120	110	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	40	20	15	45	15	30	1,330	670	660
Greek	1,965	1,015	950	23,540	11,110	12,435	14,410	6,805	7,605	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	35,860	18,365	17,490	207,390	106,275	101,105	58,285	30,880	27,410	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	25,015	12,975	12,040	150,130	77,905	72,230	42,700	23,120	19,580	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	10	0	5	115	60	55	20	10	10	545	265	280
Bengali	3,990	1,995	1,995	31,335	16,040	15,290	9,850	5,065	4,785	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	2,810	1,615	1,195	27,090	14,195	12,895	4,805	2,565	2,235	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	4,225	2,230	1,995	22,300	12,140	10,165	3,655	2,135	1,520	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	150	55	95	1,575	675	900	90	40	45	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	30	15	15	90	45	45	25	15	5	745	395	350
Konkani	125	60	65	745	365	380	55	35	20	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	475	235	240	3,025	1,605	1,415	345	200	145	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	1,005	495	510	3,275	1,670	1,605	330	170	160	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	80	40	40	495	275	225	45	25	20	1,775	940	835
Odia	55	25	30	305	170	135	25	15	10	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	15	15	190	100	90	15	10	5	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,610	2,980	2,630	21,230	11,065	10,170	16,345	9,050	7,290	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	545	265	280
Sindhi	100	50	45	550	285	265	45	30	20	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	440	480	3,260	1,605	1,655	390	205	190	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	5,390	2,700	2,690	34,460	17,555	16,905	6,535	3,480	3,060	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	575	320	255	170	95	75	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	10,830	5,385	5,450	57,210	28,350	28,860	15,575	7,755	7,820	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	10	5	0	90	50	40	5	5	0	555	305	250
Kurdish	785	400	385	1,865	1,085	780	435	245	190	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	20	5	10	125	70	50	25	20	10	555	310	240
Pashto	1,285	660	625	4,390	2,285	2,105	975	525	450	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	8,690	4,285	4,405	50,490	24,715	25,770	14,065	6,930	7,135	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	2,320	1,125	1,200	10,715	5,190	5,525	1,085	520	565	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	5,735	2,840	2,900	34,575	16,910	17,665	11,665	5,750	5,915	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	630	325	310	5,200	2,620	2,585	1,315	665	650	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	245	140	110	70	30	35	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	50	30	20	15	5	15	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	30,450	14,285	16,165	200,780	94,110	106,665	167,975	79,875	88,100	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	35	10	20	120	55	60	190	90	95	905	470	440
Italian	7,960	3,880	4,080	50,995	23,065	27,930	57,590	26,825	30,760	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	5,655	2,715	2,935	60,360	28,845	31,510	18,080	8,625	9,455	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	2,630	1,180	1,450	10,510	4,765	5,740	12,300	5,780	6,525	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	14,140	6,475	7,660	78,575	37,275	41,295	79,720	38,505	41,210	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	225	100	120	100	45	55	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	65	35	30	20	10	10	385	195	185
Japanese	970	300	675	6,740	2,170	4,570	1,590	475	1,115	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	2,660	1,155	1,500	32,805	14,550	18,250	3,810	1,650	2,160	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	45	15	35	310	145	165	100	35	65	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	7,710	3,500	4,215	14,070	6,585	7,485	13,245	6,595	6,650	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	365	175	185	3,640	1,685	1,955	620	305	315	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	115	60	50	50	25	20	665	360	310	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	65	30	40	550	210	345	60	25	35	1,685	745	940
Éwé	95	45	55	125	75	55	330	185	150	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	125	65	65	205	95	105	1,245	640	605	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	50	25	30	165	80	90	45	25	20	815	400	415
Ganda	155	65	95	645	300	345	25	10	15	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	65	20	45	150	70	85	0	5	0	760	320	440
Igbo	225	105	120	790	410	380	90	55	35	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	940	395	540	325	135	185	1,090	490	595	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	380	160	220	215	95	120	1,680	750	930	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	85	35	50	20	5	15	140	60	75	520	245	275
Mòoré	35	20	20	10	10	0	150	85	70	515	260	260
Mwani	40	20	15	85	45	40	20	10	10	695	365	325
Ndebele	20	10	10	100	45	55	30	15	20	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,885	845	1,040	240	105	130	1,320	595	720	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	120	50	75	370	175	190	80	40	40	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	15	10	5	155	90	65	205	135	70	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	10	15	100	30	70	10	5	10	520	200	320
Swahili	1,420	640	775	2,255	1,050	1,210	795	385	400	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	30	15	10	20	10	10	485	225	255	1,030	495	535
Wolof	145	80	65	145	70	75	1,495	800	690	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	640	310	330	2,495	1,195	1,295	625	325	295	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	685	315	370	1,220	575	645	2,045	1,060	980	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	355	175	185	360	190	170	340	190	155	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	100	55	45	35	20	10	5	5	5	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	70	25	40	10	10	5	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	170	90	85	240	120	120	275	150	120	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	15	5	5	70	40	35	60	35	25	575	305	270
Sign languages	240	135	105	430	225	215	275	140	135	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	170	100	70	365	185	180	35	20	15	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	10	0	0	0	185	90	95	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	70	40	35	60	30	30	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	34,275	16,020	18,255	233,845	104,960	128,890	46,550	21,145	25,405	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	33,415	15,610	17,800	227,685	101,945	125,740	46,390	21,080	25,315	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	125	50	70	2,475	1,125	1,355	210	85	125	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	22,310	10,375	11,935	112,620	50,370	62,245	29,410	13,275	16,135	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	30	15	20	485	245	240	15	5	5	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	600	280	320	4,475	1,985	2,490	1,730	760	970	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	295	125	170	1,750	775	975	440	195	240	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	9,675	4,565	5,110	103,530	46,375	57,150	13,690	6,300	7,390	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	355	190	170	2,240	1,010	1,230	855	435	420	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	110	50	55	45	20	25	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	800	380	425	6,080	2,980	3,100	120	55	70	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	175	85	90	540	260	275	45	15	30	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	205	90	115	5	0	10	0	0	0	870	400	475
Karenic languages	300	150	150	215	100	120	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	285	140	145	175	80	95	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	40	15	20	0	0	0	615	305	315
Tibetan	60	30	30	5,155	2,535	2,620	65	30	35	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65	25	35	165	90	75	10	10	5	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	80	35	45	35	15	20	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	730	275	465	1,745	650	1,100	1,705	735	965	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	335	155	180	600	295	310	1,280	615	665	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	390	115	280	1,065	330	730	405	115	295	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	75	25	60	15	5	10	410	165	240
Turkic languages	2,980	1,585	1,390	13,515	7,230	6,290	5,370	2,745	2,625	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	160	85	75	1,280	705	570	250	155	95	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	25	10	15	145	65	80	25	15	15	540	230	305
Turkish	2,600	1,400	1,195	11,225	6,040	5,190	4,825	2,455	2,370	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	55	30	20	265	115	150	140	65	75	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	55	25	30	395	200	195	40	25	20	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	205	100	105	90	30	55	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	1,740	800	935	12,495	5,505	6,990	2,190	965	1,225	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	125	60	70	1,495	610	885	70	30	40	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	260	105	155	1,090	405	685	140	55	85	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	1,345	640	710	9,915	4,490	5,415	1,985	880	1,105	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	170	80	85	80	40	35	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	62,860	29,935	32,925	184,110	87,895	96,215	125,490	63,125	62,360	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	22,595	10,665	11,935	12,390	5,945	6,450	35,195	17,970	17,225	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	27,990	13,645	14,340	149,250	71,920	77,330	26,945	13,375	13,565	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	5,620	2,510	3,110	3,630	1,625	2,000	44,880	22,480	22,400	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,925	1,865	2,060	3,875	1,795	2,080	13,590	7,010	6,580	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	2,735	1,250	1,485	14,965	6,610	8,355	4,880	2,290	2,590	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,006,965	491,745	515,220	2,772,630	1,341,750	1,430,880	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	618,285	308,580	309,700	1,485,800	737,765	748,035	236,770	119,975	116,790	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	57,370	26,490	30,880	9,195	4,355	4,835	743,335	365,685	377,655	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	59,420	27,750	31,675	369,860	169,255	200,610	182,560	86,255	96,305	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	85	35	50	40	15	20	70	30	40	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	59,340	27,715	31,620	369,820	169,240	200,580	182,495	86,230	96,265	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	78,665	36,265	42,405	33,080	15,330	17,750	146,050	75,850	70,210	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	149,585	72,990	76,595	809,180	385,785	423,400	111,510	55,685	55,830	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	8,165	3,480	4,690	2,020	870	1,150	174,715	83,145	91,570	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	30,925	14,090	16,840	27,745	12,255	15,495	135,525	67,480	68,045	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	4,540	2,100	2,440	35,750	16,140	19,610	10,780	5,055	5,720	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,006,965	491,745	515,220	2,772,630	1,341,750	1,430,880	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	942,180	461,005	481,175	2,569,065	1,245,330	1,323,735	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	817,530	401,465	416,065	1,855,810	912,035	943,770	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	734,735	363,575	371,155	1,839,730	904,470	935,265	347,110	175,135	171,970	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	82,795	37,890	44,905	16,070	7,565	8,510	908,455	448,270	460,180	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	124,650	59,540	65,110	713,255	333,295	379,960	331,100	159,200	171,905	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	80	95	80	35	45	125	50	75	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	70	30	45	80	35	45	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	25	10	20	70	25	45	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	20	10	10	25	10	20	40	20	25	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	10	5	5	0	0	0	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	10	5	10	20	5	15	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	40	15	25	10	10	0	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	5	0	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	40	15	25	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	10	30	15	15	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	120	50	70	0	0	0	35	10	30	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Inuktitut	115	50	70	0	0	0	30	5	25	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	5	0	5	0	0	0	100	45	55
Cayuga	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mohawk	5	0	5	5	0	5	0	0	0	65	30	40
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	70	25	40
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	124,480	59,465	65,015	713,175	333,260	379,915	330,975	159,150	171,830	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	32,290	15,555	16,735	39,890	18,995	20,900	61,235	31,705	29,525	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	210	110	105	45	30	20	6,795	3,645	3,145	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	145	75	70	25	15	15	6,320	3,390	2,930	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	60	30	30	10	5	0	360	195	165	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	10	5	110	55	50	280	155	130
Chadic languages	30	15	10	125	70	55	125	60	65	835	425	410
Hausa	20	10	5	115	65	45	80	45	45	635	330	305
Mina	10	5	5	10	5	5	40	15	25	200	95	105
Coptic	5	5	5	20	10	5	120	65	60	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	4,260	1,770	2,490	7,140	3,190	3,955	365	170	195	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	55	30	25	95	55	40	10	5	10	1,645	890	760
Oromo	105	55	50	495	230	270	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	3,980	1,625	2,350	6,515	2,895	3,625	345	160	185	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	120	60	65	30	15	20	5	5	0	425	215	205
Semitic languages	27,780	13,655	14,120	32,565	15,700	16,865	53,825	27,770	26,060	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	870	385	480	3,940	1,755	2,185	240	115	125	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	25,805	12,715	13,090	18,060	8,910	9,150	52,330	27,000	25,325	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	70	30	35	4,345	2,080	2,265	75	30	45	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	3,485	1,655	1,825	35	5	25	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	730	355	375	5	5	5	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	10	130	65	65	35	20	20	1,220	605	615
Harari	15	10	15	385	170	220	0	0	0	680	305	380
Hebrew	185	95	90	1,630	845	790	715	375	335	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	5	0	5	275	125	145	0	0	0	795	360	435
Tigrigna	810	410	390	3,870	1,795	2,075	445	230	215	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	60	30	25	25	10	15	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,115	2,510	19,895	8,890	11,000	16,465	7,600	8,865	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	515	230	280	730	315	415	2,860	1,295	1,560	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	4,115	1,885	2,230	19,130	8,560	10,570	13,590	6,300	7,290	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	35	15	20	15	5	10	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	4,440	1,920	2,520	62,525	26,740	35,790	9,325	3,930	5,395	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	5	5	0	145	60	85	35	15	15	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	20	35	735	305	430	170	75	100	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	175	75	100	1,575	670	905	425	180	250	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	0	0	0	5	10	0	0	0	0	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	70	40	35	1,235	535	700	235	90	145	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	395	180	215	5,385	2,385	2,995	960	415	545	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	120	55	65	685	320	360	170	85	90	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	20	5	10	130	60	70	5	0	0	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	10	0	5	85	45	45	20	10	5	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	35	10	25	0	0	0	115	55	60	725	370	355
Merina	15	0	15	0	0	0	65	30	35	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0	50	20	25	390	205	190
Malay	5	0	5	60	35	30	10	5	5	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	25	455	210	245	85	45	45	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	10	0	5	160	70	85	25	10	15	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,425	1,475	1,950	51,355	21,815	29,535	6,960	2,890	4,070	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	120	40	70	10	5	5	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	395	175	225	95	45	50	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	2,235	915	1,325	1,485	650	830	17,395	7,710	9,685	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	1,650	670	985	400	165	235	12,640	5,455	7,185	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	80	30	50	5	5	5	300	125	175
Krio	15	5	10	50	20	25	0	0	0	360	150	210
Morisyen	135	65	75	430	205	225	475	225	250	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0	10	10	5	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	395	145	250	350	155	195	4,185	1,980	2,210	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	175	75	100	75	40	40	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	3,600	1,845	1,755	49,945	24,780	25,165	9,345	4,775	4,570	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	175	90	85	520	270	250	115	65	50	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	810	445	365	4,505	2,545	1,960	970	520	445	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	1,915	925	995	40,825	19,600	21,225	7,425	3,635	3,790	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	685	390	300	4,055	2,345	1,710	820	550	275	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	5	0	5	25	10	10	10	5	5	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	20	5	15	5	0	5	205	105	105
Georgian	5	5	5	765	405	355	45	20	25	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	46,210	22,445	23,765	319,375	152,430	166,945	168,495	80,690	87,800	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	355	175	175	4,390	2,170	2,225	1,050	505	540	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	195	90	105	5,090	2,395	2,690	3,895	1,770	2,120	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	9,300	4,365	4,935	53,790	24,470	29,325	17,140	7,850	9,295	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	85	40	45	705	280	425	85	40	50	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	40	20	20	285	115	175	35	20	15	880	395	485
Lithuanian	40	20	20	425	170	255	50	25	30	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	9,215	4,325	4,890	53,085	24,185	28,900	17,055	7,810	9,250	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	30	20	10	40	20	20	5	5	5	215	100	115
Bulgarian	375	170	200	1,940	915	1,025	2,020	960	1,060	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	180	90	95	805	360	445	165	75	90	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	35	15	20	2,275	1,050	1,225	60	25	30	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	1,765	795	970	8,710	3,875	4,835	2,505	1,085	1,420	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	4,365	2,055	2,310	21,060	9,415	11,645	9,755	4,475	5,285	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	1,600	780	825	9,715	4,605	5,110	1,200	575	630	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	310	150	160	595	265	330	170	80	90	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	320	155	165	1,815	815	1,005	365	165	200	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	955	460	490	7,150	3,455	3,695	645	320	325	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	150	70	80	25	5	15	640	315	325
Slovak	155	75	75	1,475	735	740	70	30	40	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	335	130	205	85	40	45	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	680	325	360	6,720	3,075	3,640	1,185	545	640	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	5	5	0	95	55	40
Celtic languages	10	5	5	25	15	15	5	10	0	555	295	265
Irish	5	0	0	15	10	5	5	5	0	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	105	55	55
Welsh	5	0	5	5	0	5	0	0	0	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Germanic languages	730	345	385	2,160	1,015	1,145	6,300	3,280	3,020	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	270	110	155
High German languages	460	205	260	1,530	700	830	6,055	3,160	2,895	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	430	185	240	1,290	590	695	510	245	270	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	25	15	15	60	30	30	20	10	10	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	10	5	5	185	80	100	5,525	2,905	2,615	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	95	90	430	220	215	145	70	75	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	75	35	35	125	65	60	30	15	15	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	115	60	55	290	145	145	105	55	50	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	10	5	5	10	0	5	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	70	40	30	195	95	100	85	40	50	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	20	10	5	55	25	35	15	10	10	615	280	340
Icelandic	5	0	5	0	0	5	15	5	10	175	75	95
Norwegian	10	5	5	30	10	15	5	0	5	260	125	135
Swedish	35	25	15	110	55	55	45	20	25	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	740	355	390
Greek	570	265	310	11,130	4,965	6,165	7,530	3,370	4,165	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	21,700	10,970	10,730	134,850	67,805	67,045	43,235	22,475	20,760	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	14,950	7,725	7,220	96,005	49,180	46,825	32,115	17,085	15,025	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	10	5	5	50	30	25	5	5	0	215	110	110
Bengali	2,425	1,190	1,235	20,505	10,255	10,250	7,290	3,630	3,660	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	1,585	910	675	18,045	9,355	8,690	3,250	1,705	1,545	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	2,285	1,195	1,090	12,995	6,990	6,000	2,460	1,380	1,075	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	50	20	30	770	335	435	60	30	35	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	5	5	5	35	15	25	0	0	0	270	130	140
Konkani	25	10	15	190	95	95	15	5	5	880	415	470
Marathi	195	100	100	1,470	760	710	160	90	70	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	710	355	355	2,235	1,150	1,085	225	115	105	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	35	20	20	270	145	120	5	5	0	795	420	375
Odia	25	10	15	170	90	80	5	5	0	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	95	55	40	0	0	0	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,825	2,040	1,790	14,450	7,555	6,890	13,485	7,465	6,020	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	410	195	215
Sindhi	40	20	20	240	115	125	10	10	0	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	505	240	265	1,750	875	870	245	130	115	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	3,210	1,605	1,605	22,650	11,320	11,325	4,795	2,465	2,335	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	340	180	165	105	55	50	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	6,745	3,240	3,500	38,835	18,610	20,225	11,115	5,390	5,730	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0	330	170	155
Kurdish	455	210	245	1,045	570	480	220	120	105	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	10	5	5	60	25	40	15	5	5	280	130	150
Pashto	865	420	450	3,230	1,655	1,575	750	405	350	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	5,400	2,600	2,800	34,250	16,225	18,025	10,090	4,835	5,250	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	1,325	625	700	7,145	3,340	3,810	675	320	355	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	3,695	1,790	1,905	23,600	11,195	12,405	8,570	4,115	4,460	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	375	180	200	3,500	1,685	1,810	845	400	440	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	170	100	70	35	15	20	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10	10	0	5	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	13,355	6,225	7,130	107,915	49,595	58,320	89,325	41,435	47,885	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	15	10	5	50	20	25	75	30	40	370	185	190
Italian	1,995	885	1,110	21,040	8,375	12,665	21,255	8,905	12,350	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	2,890	1,410	1,480	35,625	17,105	18,520	9,715	4,550	5,165	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	1,185	535	650	4,755	2,150	2,600	7,290	3,495	3,800	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	7,265	3,390	3,870	46,355	21,900	24,455	50,960	24,440	26,520	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	100	40	55	40	25	15	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	5	5	5	190	95	95
Japanese	380	145	235	3,105	1,280	1,825	705	285	425	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	1,555	715	840	23,115	10,510	12,605	2,705	1,205	1,495	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	30	10	20	185	100	90	55	25	30	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	3,040	1,320	1,725	5,745	2,605	3,140	4,240	2,060	2,180	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	120	50	70	1,925	835	1,090	340	160	180	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	35	15	20	30	15	15	205	100	105	560	280	280
Edo	20	5	15	135	50	85	20	10	10	365	150	215
Éwé	20	10	15	35	15	15	85	45	40	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	95	40	55	455	235	220	1,315	665	650
Ga	10	5	10	65	25	35	20	10	10	260	115	150
Ganda	35	15	15	200	95	110	5	0	5	555	260	295
Gikuyu	5	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	105	50	55
Igbo	45	25	20	215	105	115	20	10	10	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	415	165	250	130	60	70	335	145	190	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	150	60	85	95	45	55	570	255	320	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	5	5	5	10	5	5	90	35	60
Mòoré	5	5	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	70	30	35
Mwani	5	0	0	30	15	15	10	5	0	160	85	75
Ndebele	5	0	5	40	20	20	5	0	5	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,000	455	545	130	60	70	465	215	250	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	25	10	15	95	40	60	35	15	20	1,035	480	555
Soninke	10	10	5	85	55	30	95	65	30	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	35	15	20	0	0	0	130	45	85
Swahili	645	265	380	1,005	455	555	290	155	135	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	20	15	5	5	5	0	130	50	80	290	130	160
Wolof	50	20	25	50	25	25	600	325	275	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	225	100	125	935	425	510	180	85	90	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70	355	180	180	330	150	185	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	55	80	125	60	70	105	60	45	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	30	10	15	10	10	5	0	0	0	900	485	420
Nuer	25	5	20	10	5	5	5	0	0	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	80	35	45	95	55	40	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	10	5	5	140	75	70
Sign languages	400	225	170	860	500	355	515	300	220	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	295	165	130	635	385	255	90	45	40	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0	305	165	140	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	225	115	110	125	85	40	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	22,960	10,900	12,060	172,010	78,390	93,615	35,185	16,285	18,900	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	22,375	10,620	11,760	167,280	76,080	91,200	35,100	16,245	18,855	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	35	15	20	1,075	475	600	75	35	35	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	16,200	7,760	8,440	86,150	39,880	46,265	23,585	10,965	12,620	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	25	10	15	330	160	170	5	0	5	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	100	130	2,270	1,000	1,265	1,050	460	590	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	190	90	100	1,130	515	615	285	135	145	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	5,515	2,535	2,980	74,845	33,360	41,490	9,590	4,395	5,195	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	105	75	1,430	655	770	505	250	255	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	45	25	20	10	5	5	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	535	255	280	4,700	2,305	2,400	65	30	35	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	105	55	50	330	155	170	30	10	20	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	140	65	80	5	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340
Karenic languages	210	100	110	145	65	75	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	200	95	100	110	55	55	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	30	10	15	0	0	0	440	225	210
Tibetan	30	10	15	4,120	2,030	2,090	35	20	15	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	100	50	55	0	0	0	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	30	10	20	20	10	15	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	295	125	175	770	340	430	870	405	465	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	170	75	90	275	135	140	715	350	370	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	120	45	80	450	190	265	150	60	90	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	45	15	25	0	0	0	210	85	125
Turkic languages	1,895	1,000	890	8,360	4,310	4,045	3,575	1,790	1,780	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	60	30	30	690	350	335	100	60	40	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	15	5	5	10	10	5	5	0	5	105	55	50
Turkish	1,715	910	800	7,155	3,705	3,455	3,325	1,665	1,660	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	40	25	10	185	90	100	100	45	60	850	420	435
Uzbek	30	10	20	225	115	110	15	10	10	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	90	45	50	25	10	10	410	195	210
Uralic languages	380	170	210	4,940	2,240	2,700	695	285	415	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	15	5	10	325	115	210	0	0	0	615	245	370
Finnish	25	10	15	155	70	85	20	10	15	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	345	160	185	4,460	2,050	2,410	675	275	400	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	75	40	40	25	10	10	390	195	195
Multiple responses	64,785	30,740	34,045	203,565	96,420	107,150	154,590	76,515	78,075	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	19,180	8,785	10,395	7,520	3,465	4,055	45,705	23,415	22,290	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	37,595	18,375	19,220	188,260	89,520	98,740	32,655	15,945	16,710	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	3,505	1,500	2,010	1,050	460	595	55,175	26,790	28,385	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,785	1,745	2,040	2,630	1,175	1,455	19,445	9,630	9,820	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	720	340	380	4,100	1,800	2,305	1,605	740	865	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,006,965	491,745	515,220	2,772,630	1,341,750	1,430,880	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	786,960	387,530	399,430	2,031,410	990,095	1,041,310	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	67,365	32,330	35,040	269,945	129,305	140,645	115,715	59,690	56,025	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	48,965	22,695	26,265	26,595	12,125	14,470	109,450	53,550	55,895	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	70,130	33,325	36,800	341,655	160,845	180,805	129,625	62,430	67,195	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	430	165	265	325	150	175	145	55	90	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	69,695	33,160	36,535	341,325	160,695	180,630	129,480	62,370	67,105	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	5,080	2,335	2,740	3,695	1,680	2,015	29,960	15,165	14,790	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	9,150	4,495	4,655	43,120	21,070	22,050	35,695	18,170	17,525	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	11,250	5,085	6,170	13,575	5,895	7,675	27,860	13,495	14,370	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	580	290	290	895	445	450	3,580	1,835	1,740	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	7,485	3,665	3,820	41,745	20,285	21,455	10,200	5,165	5,035	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,000,935	489,105	511,830	2,761,290	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	985,515	483,135	502,380	2,637,775	1,287,455	1,350,320	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	971,415	477,215	494,200	2,635,255	1,286,345	1,348,915	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	379,320	173,190	206,130	238,505	104,650	133,855	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	339,240	160,670	178,570	1,536,605	724,300	812,305	862,365	420,005	442,360	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,390	630	765	870	385	490	800	315	485	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	625	280	340	715	300	415	365	150	210	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	265	120	140	190	85	100	260	100	160	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	245	110	135	185	85	95	150	60	90	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	50	25	30	15	10	15	65	30	40	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	90	45	45	50	20	25	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15	25	0	25	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	65	20	45	75	40	35	70	25	45	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	55	35	20	55	15	40	25	10	10	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	55	15	40	25	10	10	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	110	175	500	215	295	90	50	45	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	20	15	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	15	0	15	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	245	95	150	480	215	270	55	30	30	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	85	30	55	95	35	60	35	15	25	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	150	50	105	385	175	205	20	15	10	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	25	20	10	25	20	10	35	20	15	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	20	10	20	10	0	30	20	10	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	640	275	365	40	20	25	315	75	235	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205
Inuktitut	630	265	365	40	20	25	310	75	235	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	70	25	50	50	20	30	65	50	20	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135
Mohawk	50	20	30	45	20	25	60	45	20	1,605	655	950
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120
Michif	15	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	15	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	15	10	0	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	338,015	160,135	177,885	1,535,860	723,970	811,890	861,690	419,765	441,925	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	82,330	41,340	40,990	119,095	59,300	59,800	193,965	101,880	92,090	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	730	365	365	305	185	120	23,765	12,670	11,095	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	520	265	260	180	105	75	21,490	11,425	10,070	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	205	110	95	115	70	45	2,020	1,120	900	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	45	25	15	560	290	270	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	400	210	195	610	325	285	1,205	655	545	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	300	155	150	560	300	260	575	370	210	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	100	50	45	40	25	20	625	290	340	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	155	80	70	215	110	110	745	385	360	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	10,730	4,890	5,840	19,090	8,780	10,315	1,160	540	615	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	170	110	60	175	105	70	15	10	0	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	305	145	155	1,725	840	885	10	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	10,040	4,510	5,535	17,155	7,790	9,370	1,115	515	600	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	225	125	105	50	15	40	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	72,430	36,845	35,585	101,800	51,415	50,385	182,025	95,605	86,420	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	3,125	1,545	1,580	13,295	6,275	7,020	780	375	405	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	66,380	33,855	32,530	59,680	31,035	28,645	173,385	91,115	82,270	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	235	110	125	7,625	3,755	3,875	215	95	125	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	105	45	60	6,015	2,905	3,115	45	20	25	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	15	25	1,380	715	665	10	10	0	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	80	50	30	350	195	155	155	70	95	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	85	30	50	1,090	490	595	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	2,170	1,145	1,025	19,995	10,000	9,995	7,665	4,080	3,580	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	60	25	35	1,620	795	825	20	10	10	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	2,045	1,035	1,015	9,440	4,465	4,975	820	400	420	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	75	60	285	185	105	75	50	25	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,935	4,585	5,345	40,125	18,090	22,035	30,875	14,470	16,405	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,520	665	855	1,830	760	1,075	6,850	3,180	3,675	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	8,490	3,950	4,535	38,420	17,385	21,035	24,550	11,565	12,985	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	135	55	80	50	25	30	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	12,405	4,905	7,500	143,975	57,795	86,190	24,510	9,720	14,785	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	20	10	15	730	315	415	175	65	110	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	180	85	95	1,845	730	1,115	450	200	255	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	645	240	405	4,725	1,855	2,870	1,155	395	755	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	375	175	200	3,700	1,470	2,230	765	265	500	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	1,445	570	875	16,205	6,315	9,890	2,925	1,225	1,700	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	855	380	475	2,890	1,305	1,585	805	365	440	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	70	20	55	380	155	230	45	25	20	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	35	10	30	175	85	90	85	25	60	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	125	65	60	35	0	35	835	405	425	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	15	0	10	10	0	10	655	320	335	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	110	60	55	25	0	25	185	90	90	1,565	785	780
Malay	380	160	225	1,720	800	925	355	190	165	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	25	40	1,620	675	950	355	165	200	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	70	30	45	860	355	505	120	55	65	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,525	4,075	6,450	135,600	53,930	81,670	21,575	8,340	13,235	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	110	30	80	920	360	560	120	55	65	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	510	210	300	3,135	1,305	1,830	905	390	515	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	10,580	4,660	5,920	9,055	3,840	5,210	74,245	33,880	40,365	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	8,565	3,695	4,865	1,995	865	1,130	66,445	30,045	36,400	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	145	90	60	1,175	435	740	215	115	105	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	65	20	45	220	90	130	60	25	40	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	595	300	300	1,540	725	815	2,365	1,215	1,140	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	75	30	40	10	0	0	185	100	80	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	1,355	580	770	3,305	1,330	1,980	11,950	5,630	6,320	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	410	200	215	1,235	560	675	1,520	685	835	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	8,700	4,595	4,105	98,850	50,540	48,310	16,725	8,745	7,975	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	840	470	370	3,625	1,880	1,750	540	325	215	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	1,920	1,075	840	11,165	6,325	4,835	1,760	935	825	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	4,800	2,435	2,370	77,785	38,640	39,145	12,940	6,480	6,465	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	2,150	1,160	995	11,850	6,900	4,955	2,415	1,600	815	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	65	30	30	320	160	155	30	10	10	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	25	240	95	140	25	10	15	970	450	520
Georgian	90	40	55	1,355	670	680	150	75	70	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	15	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	154,980	73,655	81,320	801,510	390,560	410,955	450,480	219,660	230,825	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	950	505	445	11,050	5,615	5,430	2,425	1,220	1,205	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	760	400	365	9,595	4,680	4,910	7,185	3,350	3,835	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	26,665	12,305	14,365	132,695	60,545	72,155	40,980	19,110	21,870	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	480	200	285	3,550	1,500	2,055	530	215	315	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	230	115	115	1,655	715	940	190	85	105	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	250	90	160	1,905	785	1,120	340	135	210	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	26,270	12,150	14,115	129,955	59,410	70,545	40,615	18,955	21,660	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	195	90	110	485	185	300	160	55	105	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	1,075	540	535	4,900	2,350	2,550	3,765	1,820	1,945	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	1,345	630	720	3,625	1,665	1,960	990	455	535	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	210	95	115	7,660	3,560	4,105	215	80	135	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	6,645	2,990	3,660	27,850	12,460	15,390	7,925	3,535	4,390	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	11,590	5,520	6,070	52,840	23,965	28,870	23,995	11,285	12,705	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	4,685	2,220	2,460	25,500	12,155	13,345	3,390	1,700	1,695	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	1,385	670	715	3,320	1,625	1,695	675	315	365	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	2,135	985	1,150	9,415	4,365	5,055	1,515	775	740	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	2,655	1,305	1,350	18,040	8,705	9,335	1,725	840	885	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	90	50	40	715	355	360	95	60	40	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	945	390	550	3,675	1,740	1,930	590	250	340	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	115	115	1,900	810	1,090	345	145	200	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	3,170	1,375	1,795	21,345	9,400	11,945	4,905	2,155	2,745	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	85	45	35	40	10	30	770	385	385
Celtic languages	455	220	235	1,350	745	605	275	150	125	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	300	160	140	990	565	425	120	65	55	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	80	45	35	140	80	60	35	20	15	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	70	20	55	135	55	85	35	20	15	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	95	60	30	85	45	45	910	495	415
Germanic languages	17,165	8,105	9,060	39,895	19,365	20,530	28,325	14,670	13,655	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	45	20	25	55	40	10	40	20	25	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	12,755	6,045	6,710	31,620	15,385	16,235	25,545	13,365	12,180	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	12,375	5,860	6,515	27,540	13,390	14,145	17,050	8,935	8,110	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	230	95	130	575	275	300	300	120	175	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	310	150	155	3,915	1,905	2,010	8,490	4,455	4,030	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,475	1,600	1,880	6,385	3,260	3,125	2,020	1,005	1,025	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	660	340	330	2,095	1,140	955	205	95	105	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	2,715	1,225	1,490	4,115	2,055	2,055	1,645	825	820	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	35	25	0	50	15	35	20	0	20	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	35	85	205	100	105	175	85	90	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	1,500	745	755	2,975	1,310	1,670	1,440	725	710	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	505	185	320	1,020	435	580	425	190	230	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	25	10	15	95	50	45	45	20	20	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	360	205	155	535	215	320	285	155	130	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	685	385	300	1,530	700	830	820	445	370	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	30	60	95	65	30	80	30	50	1,275	720	555
Greek	2,965	1,530	1,440	36,620	17,545	19,070	20,685	9,850	10,830	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	52,110	26,755	25,350	302,620	156,380	146,235	77,115	41,190	35,920	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	39,190	20,285	18,910	236,745	123,180	113,565	58,875	31,985	26,890	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	30	15	20	230	125	110	35	25	15	1,155	590	565
Bengali	5,420	2,800	2,620	41,750	21,390	20,355	12,945	6,685	6,255	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	4,375	2,440	1,935	42,425	22,190	20,235	6,930	3,785	3,140	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	18,430	9,705	8,725	107,170	56,950	50,220	24,370	13,400	10,970	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	340	150	190	3,300	1,400	1,900	195	95	95	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	35	15	15	280	130	150	40	25	15	1,830	965	865
Konkani	275	105	165	2,005	940	1,065	155	95	60	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	1,205	590	615	8,290	4,325	3,970	780	440	340	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	1,270	650	625	5,580	2,850	2,725	485	270	220	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	100	45	55	1,010	535	475	45	20	35	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	65	25	40	605	340	265	30	15	15	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	20	15	410	200	210	20	0	15	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10,240	5,435	4,805	41,430	22,070	19,365	22,580	12,435	10,150	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	765	345	420
Sindhi	210	110	100	1,355	740	615	100	50	50	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,485	735	755	7,370	3,830	3,540	845	470	370	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	10,495	5,330	5,165	65,035	33,230	31,805	11,425	6,220	5,200	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	305	185	120	1,665	950	715	500	325	180	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	14,040	7,075	6,965	70,200	35,455	34,740	18,895	9,560	9,335	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	20	15	0	160	85	80	0	0	0	985	565	420
Kurdish	1,090	550	540	3,275	1,870	1,410	780	465	315	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	40	25	15	230	155	70	80	35	40	1,000	535	470
Pashto	2,035	1,035	1,000	7,095	3,795	3,300	1,225	645	580	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	11,805	6,005	5,800	62,515	31,290	31,225	17,095	8,600	8,495	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	3,470	1,780	1,690	14,995	7,475	7,520	1,280	645	640	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	7,810	3,910	3,900	42,785	21,270	21,510	14,160	7,125	7,040	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	755	425	330	5,490	2,915	2,575	1,790	920	865	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	60	90	450	225	225	105	55	50	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	420	230	190	80	45	35	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	61,090	27,150	33,940	296,705	139,660	157,045	293,340	139,795	153,545	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	135	75	65	335	195	135	715	400	315	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	15,235	7,125	8,110	84,335	38,730	45,605	95,535	45,630	49,905	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	8,795	4,195	4,605	80,170	38,850	41,325	28,840	14,425	14,410	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	3,310	1,420	1,895	12,920	5,785	7,140	15,245	7,225	8,020	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	38,350	16,470	21,880	138,770	66,085	72,685	177,230	83,945	93,280	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	185	100	85	725	390	340	405	240	165	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	250	130	115	115	70	45	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	2,835	1,345	1,485	14,220	6,085	8,130	4,585	2,190	2,400	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	3,615	1,590	2,020	38,895	17,235	21,665	5,035	2,200	2,835	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	95	30	70	415	180	235	180	55	120	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	18,815	8,510	10,310	32,875	15,155	17,720	31,565	16,015	15,555	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	850	395	455	6,410	2,830	3,580	1,340	755	585	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	360	210	145	240	115	125	1,540	790	745	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	200	95	110	1,305	525	780	245	115	125	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	235	110	125	345	190	155	865	505	360	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	315	145	170	305	175	130	2,730	1,485	1,245	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	195	90	110	520	185	335	220	145	75	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	385	155	230	1,490	615	875	75	40	30	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	90	25	65	365	135	230	45	0	40	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	1,085	520	570	2,020	935	1,080	485	280	205	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,030	845	1,185	655	245	415	1,825	855	970	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	3,105	1,270	1,840	1,665	765	900	7,315	3,405	3,910	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	510	230	280	175	65	110	520	225	295	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	125	80	50	40	25	20	620	340	280	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	35	25	10	150	80	65	20	15	10	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	85	35	45	210	95	115	115	70	40	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,185	1,430	1,755	540	260	280	2,045	1,010	1,035	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	275	95	185	715	315	405	245	150	95	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	0	0	0	245	155	90	465	310	155	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	75	25	45	270	110	160	45	15	30	1,305	580	725
Swahili	5,310	2,495	2,815	7,620	3,630	3,990	3,405	1,710	1,695	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	115	55	60	75	40	35	1,005	510	495	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	405	205	205	485	240	255	4,030	2,185	1,840	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	2,250	1,115	1,140	7,235	3,365	3,865	2,040	1,025	1,015	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,945	1,450	1,495	3,620	1,785	1,835	7,005	3,630	3,375	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	315	390	555	290	265	705	390	315	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	155	75	70	55	35	25	10	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	100	25	75	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	450	210	240	490	245	235	690	385	310	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	175	75	105	305	145	160	425	225	200	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	2,095	780	1,320	2,860	1,240	1,620	1,985	795	1,185	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	1,820	640	1,180	2,575	1,080	1,490	495	160	330	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	145	70	75	20	10	10	1,345	510	830	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	370	185	190	340	210	130	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	41,125	19,215	21,910	275,670	125,525	150,150	56,545	26,095	30,455	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	40,240	18,760	21,480	267,745	121,665	146,080	56,370	26,025	30,340	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	225	100	125	3,630	1,695	1,935	335	170	160	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	29,995	13,735	16,265	162,950	72,885	90,065	41,405	18,880	22,525	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	40	10	30	645	295	350	35	20	20	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,035	455	580	7,830	3,510	4,320	2,725	1,170	1,560	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	490	215	280	2,730	1,225	1,505	695	310	390	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	13,630	6,420	7,215	134,810	61,065	73,745	19,045	8,640	10,405	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	435	220	215	2,245	1,050	1,195	860	455	410	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	200	90	110	105	50	55	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	875	450	425	8,080	3,925	4,150	180	60	115	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	310	155	150	875	435	440	65	10	60	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	280	120	160	55	10	45	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	360	195	170	225	100	125	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	345	185	155	155	75	80	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0	845	395	450
Tibetan	45	20	25	6,655	3,265	3,385	95	50	50	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	445	205	245	15	0	10	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	220	90	125	55	30	30	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	1,220	465	755	2,865	1,195	1,670	2,755	1,240	1,520	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	475	200	275	1,045	480	565	1,985	965	1,020	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	880	325	550	1,840	735	1,100	1,085	390	695	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	170	70	100	30	15	20	800	330	465
Turkic languages	4,425	2,280	2,145	20,920	11,110	9,815	9,265	4,570	4,695	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	385	250	140	2,425	1,320	1,095	520	325	200	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	170	80	90	325	150	175	60	35	25	1,415	600	815
Turkish	3,820	1,945	1,875	18,110	9,650	8,455	8,445	4,105	4,340	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	105	75	30	240	95	145	205	95	110	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	160	65	95	790	390	400	140	85	55	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	370	170	195	205	90	115	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	2,410	1,105	1,300	14,670	6,580	8,095	3,265	1,435	1,835	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	210	85	125	1,680	675	1,005	85	35	50	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	435	195	240	1,405	495	910	245	120	125	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	1,775	830	950	11,650	5,430	6,220	2,945	1,280	1,660	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	575	260	315	425	215	205	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,000,935	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	26,395	12,465	13,930	22,925	10,785	12,135	15,315	7,080	8,235	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25,110	11,875	13,230	21,475	10,085	11,385	14,315	6,630	7,685	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,300	6,280	7,015	13,800	6,590	7,215	8,065	3,655	4,415	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	10,545	5,015	5,530	7,440	3,400	4,035	5,705	2,835	2,870	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	1,270	585	685	240	100	135	545	135	405	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	665	295	365	645	275	375	305	150	155	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	620	295	325	800	420	380	695	305	385	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	974,540	476,640	497,905	2,738,365	1,325,610	1,412,760	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,000,935	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,635	3,155	3,475	7,730	3,705	4,025	3,465	1,570	1,890	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	994,300	485,945	508,350	2,753,555	1,332,685	1,420,870	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	260,220	...	...	602,925	...	...	297,340	...	...	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	147,030	...	...	557,970	...	...	519,020	...	...	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	65,705	...	...	353,215	...	...	178,700	...	...	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	341,550	...	...	807,670	...	...	637,660	...	...	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	3,830	...	...	28,765	...	...	19,020	...	...	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	59,775	...	...	330,340	...	...	254,075	...	...	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	85,345	...	...	334,320	...	...	284,300	...	...	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	150,190	...	...	268,505	...	...	194,410	...	...	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	108,110	...	...	198,960	...	...	64,550	...	...	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	117,090	...	...	617,005	...	...	473,475	...	...	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	54,625	...	...	152,950	...	...	155,105	...	...	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	57,030	...	...	113,715	...	...	69,335	...	...	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	54,520	...	...	90,775	...	...	48,130	...	...	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	123,985	...	...	186,440	...	...	70,315	...	...	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	4.9	...	...	4.5	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	398,225	...	...	1,093,085	...	...	789,745	...	...	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	9,030	...	...	67,805	...	...	26,615	...	...	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	385,180	...	...	1,016,350	...	...	745,905	...	...	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	22,070	...	...	144,545	...	...	70,450	...	...	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	64,815	...	...	340,185	...	...	293,880	...	...	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	115,070	...	...	333,990	...	...	248,030	...	...	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	63,195	...	...	109,780	...	...	89,700	...	...	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	46,095	...	...	92,985	...	...	57,865	...	...	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,865	...	...	58,975	...	...	28,770	...	...	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	29,380	...	...	63,995	...	...	30,795	...	...	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	28,490	...	...	75,980	...	...	33,075	...	...	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	31,355	...	...	85,005	...	...	34,235	...	...	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	385,390	...	...	1,086,415	...	...	746,280	...	...	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	21,860	...	...	74,480	...	...	70,075	...	...	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	198,960	...	...	634,725	...	...	494,140	...	...	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	189,175	...	...	447,155	...	...	291,245	...	...	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	19,115	...	...	79,010	...	...	30,970	...	...	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	407,250	...	...	1,160,890	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	14,640	...	...	34,350	...	...	39,665	...	...	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	62,300	...	...	202,225	...	...	154,835	...	...	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	72,630	...	...	210,570	...	...	156,945	...	...	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	76,580	...	...	204,790	...	...	137,925	...	...	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	80,140	...	...	215,740	...	...	137,110	...	...	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	58,720	...	...	158,850	...	...	105,800	...	...	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	31,270	...	...	90,900	...	...	59,160	...	...	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	10,970	...	...	43,455	...	...	24,920	...	...	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	404,915	...	...	1,151,795	...	...	808,950	...	...	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	323,340	...	...	777,835	...	...	612,990	...	...	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	81,575	...	...	373,965	...	...	195,960	...	...	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	72,595	...	...	321,675	...	...	171,990	...	...	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	407,250	...	...	1,160,895	...	...	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	114,035	...	...	522,150	...	...	301,530	...	...	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	71,850	...	...	315,735	...	...	168,425	...	...	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	16,150	...	...	98,270	...	...	52,965	...	...	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,840	...	...	39,905	...	...	46,120	...	...	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,180	...	...	33,670	...	...	10,065	...	...	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	5,275	...	...	21,965	...	...	16,530	...	...	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,475	...	...	10,015	...	...	6,480	...	...	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	2,595	...	...	940	...	...	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	293,215	...	...	638,740	...	...	514,825	...	...	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	395,940	...	...	1,099,505	...	...	784,980	...	...	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	44,435	...	...	215,225	...	...	82,165	...	...	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	351,505	...	...	884,285	...	...	702,815	...	...	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	259,630	...	...	602,915	...	...	297,340	...	...	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.8	...	...	56.6	...	...	61.5	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	25.6	...	...	18.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	10.8	...	...	3.5	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,360	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668	...	...	2,038	...	...	1,532	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	624,000	...	...	900,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	672,000	...	...	1,131,000	...	...	584,500	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	146,985	...	...	557,975	...	...	519,015	...	...	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.1	...	...	14.2	...	...	8.6	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	...	...	40.0	...	...	27.8	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.3	...	...	29.3	...	...	14.6	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,500	...	...	870	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,422	...	...	1,562	...	...	969	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,000,935	489,105	511,835	2,761,285	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,200	3,800	4,400	6,060	2,720	3,345	8,560	3,785	4,780	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,950	3,690	4,255	5,870	2,660	3,215	8,395	3,715	4,680	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,255	2,460	2,790	4,835	2,175	2,655	7,165	3,225	3,935	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	1,945	905	1,040	975	450	525	880	380	500	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	750	325	425	60	30	30	350	110	240	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	255	105	145	190	65	125	170	70	100	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	200	75	120	170	65	110	90	45	45	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	35	20	15	15	0	15	70	20	55	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	10	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	33,190	15,520	17,675	24,150	11,520	12,635	28,175	12,775	15,400	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	32,460	15,245	17,220	23,505	11,250	12,255	27,945	12,705	15,240	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	23,370	10,935	12,430	17,670	8,505	9,165	25,185	11,485	13,695	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,340	3,935	4,400	5,665	2,665	2,995	2,455	1,140	1,310	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	755	365	390	170	75	100	310	80	235	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	730	275	450	645	270	375	225	70	160	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	640	255	385	605	255	345	195	60	130	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	10	50	40	15	25	15	0	15	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	959,545	469,790	489,755	2,731,070	1,322,155	1,408,920	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,000,940	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,395	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	905,590	442,065	463,525	2,284,055	1,102,560	1,181,495	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	185,345	94,095	91,250	413,995	213,200	200,795	279,730	142,810	136,925	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	720,250	347,970	372,280	1,870,055	889,360	980,700	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	95,345	47,040	48,305	477,230	233,830	243,400	288,660	148,585	140,075	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,000,940	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,395	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	712,100	351,370	360,735	1,329,905	666,890	663,015	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	259,215	122,255	136,960	1,286,140	593,225	692,915	576,120	278,025	298,100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	42,685	20,520	22,160	222,935	100,655	122,280	87,415	40,730	46,685	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	29,930	14,095	15,835	156,460	73,005	83,455	59,835	29,275	30,555	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	51,775	24,130	27,645	273,985	124,465	149,520	95,220	45,340	49,880	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	56,115	25,335	30,785	290,400	132,935	157,470	139,575	67,480	72,090	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	78,715	38,175	40,540	342,360	162,170	180,195	194,080	95,195	98,885	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	31,305	14,655	16,650	144,320	66,410	77,910	90,040	43,785	46,255	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	47,415	23,520	23,890	198,040	95,755	102,285	104,040	51,410	52,630	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	29,620	15,485	14,135	145,240	76,280	68,965	129,780	71,085	58,695	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	259,220	122,255	136,960	1,286,140	593,220	692,920	576,125	278,025	298,100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	25,575	12,690	12,885	91,030	45,045	45,985	45,920	23,340	22,575	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	46,995	23,865	23,135	203,840	101,550	102,295	90,130	45,385	44,740	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	47,450	21,275	26,175	247,955	110,365	137,595	104,655	46,955	57,705	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	116,090	53,990	62,100	605,575	276,620	328,960	290,245	141,865	148,380	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	23,105	10,435	12,665	137,730	59,650	78,080	45,170	20,475	24,700	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	259,220	122,255	136,960	1,286,140	593,220	692,920	576,125	278,025	298,100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	36,600	16,125	20,475	210,980	92,905	118,075	127,690	58,995	68,690	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	1,980	930	1,050	10,175	4,815	5,355	3,760	1,770	1,990	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	1,755	760	995	8,695	3,905	4,795	8,195	3,835	4,360	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	2,045	960	1,090	6,495	3,135	3,360	6,400	3,265	3,130	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	1,255	545	710	31,025	13,325	17,700	1,350	660	690	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	6,705	2,795	3,915	1,660	740	915	47,555	21,110	26,445	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	3,175	1,360	1,815	42,650	17,285	25,370	2,670	1,090	1,585	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	1,710	680	1,035	9,340	4,355	4,985	8,225	4,005	4,220	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	790	310	475	4,105	1,820	2,280	6,715	3,060	3,660	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	1,280	520	760	18,280	7,865	10,415	2,120	970	1,155	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	8,795	4,110	4,690	25,220	12,190	13,030	10,180	5,260	4,920	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	7,110	3,160	3,955	53,330	23,465	29,865	30,520	13,985	16,535	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	54,405	25,760	28,645	266,210	124,220	141,995	137,155	66,390	70,765	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,630	795	840	4,910	2,325	2,585	780	390	385	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	780	330	450	4,200	1,925	2,280	760	390	375	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	2,665	1,195	1,465	5,820	2,895	2,920	39,280	20,790	18,485	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	3,390	1,535	1,860	8,915	4,110	4,805	2,480	1,285	1,200	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	800	415	380	16,510	7,720	8,795	7,730	3,445	4,285	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	700	320	375	6,135	2,795	3,335	1,365	650	720	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	4,625	2,315	2,310	37,700	17,310	20,395	30,215	14,095	16,120	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	1,640	800	840	2,130	1,055	1,070	500	310	190	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	3,965	1,690	2,270	18,245	8,015	10,230	4,685	1,965	2,720	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	1,995	1,015	975	34,360	16,435	17,925	7,715	3,520	4,195	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	2,550	1,105	1,450	11,200	4,900	6,305	9,655	4,440	5,215	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	3,245	1,420	1,820	15,820	6,555	9,260	5,520	2,235	3,290	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	770	350	420	7,740	3,605	4,135	675	320	350	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	2,460	1,100	1,360	15,845	7,000	8,840	4,385	1,940	2,445	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	14,765	7,490	7,275	35,585	17,855	17,735	4,005	2,245	1,755	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	8,420	3,870	4,550	41,100	19,715	21,380	17,395	8,365	9,030	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	44,290	21,085	23,205	88,020	42,020	46,005	140,555	71,665	68,890	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	1,905	945	960	940	475	465	43,840	22,680	21,165	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,975	1,720	2,260	2,130	925	1,210	6,025	2,765	3,265	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	4,410	2,340	2,070	6,420	3,415	3,010	9,400	4,720	4,685	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	1,535	850	680	6,485	3,170	3,315	495	250	250	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	2,815	1,355	1,465	10,900	4,980	5,915	660	305	355	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	2,640	1,350	1,290	2,385	1,070	1,315	33,005	16,490	16,515	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	3,220	1,660	1,560	10,015	5,010	5,005	1,200	630	565	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	4,520	1,780	2,740	10,190	4,390	5,795	400	200	200	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	1,235	570	665	6,000	3,050	2,955	415	275	140	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	18,035	8,520	9,510	32,555	15,535	17,020	45,115	23,355	21,760	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	123,015	58,815	64,205	716,885	331,980	384,910	169,860	80,480	89,375	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	2,850	1,405	1,445	12,920	6,475	6,445	1,100	570	535	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	6,000	3,040	2,965	37,190	18,570	18,620	9,815	4,825	4,990	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	4,460	2,270	2,190	11,350	5,720	5,630	1,610	890	725	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	11,905	6,115	5,785	6,490	3,460	3,035	17,455	9,230	8,220	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	6,365	3,250	3,120	8,240	4,150	4,085	12,040	6,095	5,940	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	1,655	865	785	8,500	4,590	3,910	4,010	2,020	1,995	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	20,320	8,865	11,450	129,755	56,810	72,940	26,330	11,650	14,680	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	3,205	1,595	1,605	36,850	16,655	20,200	2,375	1,130	1,245	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	2,195	990	1,210	27,505	12,310	15,200	2,680	1,185	1,495	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	1,025	465	560	7,985	3,350	4,635	1,265	540	725	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	10,505	4,100	6,405	132,980	53,880	79,100	20,475	7,940	12,535	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	6,155	2,820	3,335	31,675	14,230	17,445	16,395	7,460	8,935	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	3,270	1,655	1,610	27,135	13,795	13,335	7,035	3,560	3,475	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	16,195	8,385	7,810	102,155	52,455	49,700	13,570	7,040	6,525	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	5,500	2,725	2,775	34,140	17,275	16,865	5,730	3,040	2,690	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	2,885	1,400	1,485	47,895	22,985	24,905	6,965	3,425	3,540	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	18,530	8,865	9,665	54,130	25,260	28,865	21,010	9,890	11,120	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	905	475	430	4,045	2,105	1,940	860	485	375	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	47,415	23,520	23,890	198,040	95,760	102,285	104,040	51,410	52,625	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	5,050	2,405	2,650	25,025	11,935	13,090	15,850	7,650	8,205	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	740	380	360	4,200	2,015	2,190	1,105	455	645	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	270	105	160	1,195	485	715	1,260	575	685	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	985	420	570	275	150	120	5,495	2,700	2,795	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	200	110	90	3,145	1,570	1,580	135	70	60	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	325	150	180	2,330	1,075	1,260	1,320	690	625	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	1,565	805	760	5,125	2,610	2,520	2,255	1,165	1,090	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	120	50	65	1,535	740	790	915	355	555	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	855	390	460	7,215	3,290	3,925	3,375	1,630	1,740	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	3,680	1,875	1,800	20,690	10,515	10,175	17,760	9,335	8,425	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	505	240	260	1,940	985	955	11,735	6,290	5,445	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	180	125	55	650	355	300	235	130	105	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	130	100	30	1,365	870	495	55	45	10	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	65	40	20	835	480	355	420	260	160	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	475	205	265	2,240	855	1,385	625	235	390	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	505	245	260	2,490	1,155	1,335	750	355	395	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710	410	300	2,615	1,560	1,055	480	290	185	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	1,120	515	605	8,550	4,260	4,290	3,465	1,725	1,740	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	12,725	6,285	6,435	18,720	9,485	9,240	34,835	17,255	17,575	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	625	315	315	210	95	115	10,085	4,925	5,160	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	1,300	600	705	125	35	90	715	385	335	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	480	230	245	500	265	240	3,555	1,730	1,825	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,060	480	580	360	150	210	1,490	645	845	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	275	115	155	235	100	140	1,625	785	835	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	670	360	310	995	520	475	1,470	795	675	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	580	300	275	2,775	1,495	1,280	275	145	125	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	440	200	235	1,955	910	1,045	90	40	45	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	955	495	460	520	245	280	5,375	2,535	2,835	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	1,790	915	870	4,535	2,280	2,255	550	310	240	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	570	295	275	1,575	895	685	40	25	20	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	345	150	195	675	350	325	105	55	50	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	175	120	55	480	250	230	70	40	35	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	450	220	235	120	60	60	3,360	1,755	1,610	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	3,005	1,480	1,530	3,650	1,830	1,815	6,015	3,075	2,945	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	25,825	12,890	12,935	132,735	63,325	69,410	35,290	16,975	18,315	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	755	380	375	3,180	1,580	1,600	180	95	85	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	580	250	330	4,760	2,465	2,290	960	465	495	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	3,225	1,415	1,805	18,525	7,360	11,170	4,960	2,085	2,875	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	40	50	655	240	410	55	10	40	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	5,645	3,100	2,545	40,200	21,455	18,745	5,690	3,035	2,655	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	825	425	400	5,225	2,485	2,745	2,275	1,025	1,250	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	955	490	465	2,265	1,130	1,130	245	145	100	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	145	85	55	640	345	295	145	90	60	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	60	15	45	860	215	645	185	55	130	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	340	150	195	385	225	155	355	160	195	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	315	125	185	3,120	1,185	1,935	750	320	435	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	1,045	555	485	960	510	455	1,710	930	775	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	110	45	65	1,235	640	600	180	110	75	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	925	455	470	5,740	2,925	2,820	1,030	520	505	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	2,105	915	1,190	24,905	10,720	14,190	5,730	2,455	3,280	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	580	315	265	1,870	1,070	800	860	540	325	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	260	115	150	2,710	1,295	1,415	500	205	295	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	4,450	2,315	2,130	4,680	2,425	2,260	5,895	3,065	2,835	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	695	365	330	2,670	1,515	1,150	520	295	225	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	570	290	275	940	460	480	580	290	290	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	460	190	270	2,395	885	1,510	910	395	515	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	1,705	840	860	4,810	2,195	2,620	1,565	680	880	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	130	65	65	875	505	370	305	195	110	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	95	50	45	720	410	310	195	125	65	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	10	20	160	95	60	110	70	45	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,000,935	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	303,690	145,105	158,585	1,462,090	684,355	777,735	725,270	358,390	366,885	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	209,590	104,920	104,675	741,035	372,030	369,010	361,130	181,485	179,645	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	487,660	239,080	248,570	558,160	280,005	278,155	636,825	311,740	325,090	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	216,530	101,735	114,800	1,063,205	492,575	570,640	488,705	237,295	251,410	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	104,175	52,225	51,945	532,155	254,780	277,375	267,215	137,555	129,660	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	44,555	27,060	17,490	240,950	128,285	112,665	135,610	78,460	57,150	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	59,620	25,165	34,455	291,205	126,495	164,710	131,610	59,100	72,515	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	56,285	22,245	34,040	323,950	131,385	192,565	133,215	54,390	78,825	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	52,950	25,975	26,975	186,825	97,565	89,265	79,320	41,035	38,285	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,125	1,295	1,835	20,280	8,845	11,435	8,955	4,310	4,645	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	216,530	101,735	114,800	1,063,205	492,575	570,640	488,705	237,295	251,410	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20,290	9,650	10,640	102,210	53,850	48,355	50,275	26,560	23,710	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	18,040	7,960	10,080	111,095	46,175	64,920	50,365	23,725	26,640	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	6,945	3,595	3,345	24,490	11,975	12,510	11,765	6,105	5,655	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	14,565	7,575	6,990	65,870	27,080	38,790	25,200	14,095	11,105	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,390	535	860	5,180	1,985	3,195	4,400	1,875	2,525	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	155,295	72,415	82,880	754,355	351,500	402,865	346,705	164,930	181,775	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,000,935	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	324,960	157,890	167,070	1,537,285	732,690	804,595	668,975	330,800	338,175	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	57,820	29,940	27,880	385,440	198,065	187,375	79,670	42,620	37,050	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	46,170	21,615	24,560	296,225	137,460	158,765	56,935	26,075	30,860	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	84,765	40,255	44,515	265,005	122,060	142,950	198,610	96,350	102,255	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	14,320	6,055	8,270	170,355	72,915	97,440	27,355	11,555	15,805	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	58,180	29,880	28,305	42,040	22,085	19,955	141,935	74,355	67,585	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	14,350	6,585	7,765	92,455	44,590	47,865	78,150	38,450	39,705	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	14,960	7,065	7,895	53,905	24,980	28,925	37,905	17,950	19,955	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	13,255	6,695	6,560	69,320	34,925	34,395	17,500	8,735	8,765	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	4,125	1,915	2,210	42,190	19,485	22,705	5,245	2,365	2,880	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	2,315	995	1,320	13,210	5,365	7,845	2,645	1,045	1,600	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,780	1,745	2,040	42,435	19,845	22,585	5,470	2,675	2,795	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	10,910	5,160	5,750	64,700	30,915	33,785	17,540	8,615	8,920	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	675,975	331,215	344,765	1,224,000	603,700	620,300	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,000,940	489,100	511,830	2,761,290	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	114,205	57,380	56,830	165,640	84,370	81,270	216,645	104,085	112,565	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	156,485	77,185	79,300	244,995	122,460	122,530	43,185	22,080	21,110	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	192,250	91,835	100,410	226,865	109,935	116,930	80,635	38,520	42,120	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	160,250	78,815	81,440	211,175	103,555	107,625	44,880	21,650	23,230	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	140,710	67,935	72,780	85,715	41,845	43,865	307,670	155,535	152,135	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	73,625	36,175	37,450	107,475	52,985	54,495	31,730	15,215	16,510	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	47,925	22,335	25,590	297,725	138,260	159,465	61,715	28,350	33,365	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	45,685	22,695	22,985	167,460	82,010	85,450	135,430	66,225	69,205	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	31,385	16,215	15,175	182,115	93,540	88,580	36,920	19,740	17,180	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	23,840	11,510	12,320	61,560	29,005	32,550	14,865	7,080	7,785	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	25,770	12,400	13,370	34,360	16,410	17,955	6,520	3,225	3,295	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	30,300	14,425	15,870	85,255	41,015	44,235	23,515	11,460	12,060	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	6,730	3,200	3,535	2,620	1,225	1,390	103,145	51,885	51,265	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	38,750	18,815	19,935	66,395	32,770	33,630	11,665	6,000	5,670	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	14,365	6,115	8,255	161,495	69,185	92,310	26,105	11,050	15,045	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	32,825	15,350	17,480	15,450	7,195	8,255	59,380	28,470	30,910	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,120	9,920	10,195	32,230	16,160	16,075	19,910	10,385	9,530	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	11,410	5,415	5,995	9,350	4,380	4,970	15,970	7,210	8,760	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	11,175	5,195	5,975	7,420	3,435	3,985	3,645	1,645	2,000	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15,605	7,760	7,835	35,895	17,620	18,270	22,450	11,380	11,070	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	13,005	6,075	6,935	56,130	25,725	30,405	20,180	9,420	10,760	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	6,875	3,420	3,455	8,670	4,100	4,565	2,370	1,150	1,220	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	16,410	8,135	8,275	23,795	11,125	12,675	3,345	1,715	1,630	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	9,695	4,800	4,895	85,165	41,805	43,360	23,120	11,280	11,840	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	11,045	5,345	5,700	21,905	10,885	11,015	11,970	5,910	6,055	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	10,990	5,030	5,960	44,625	20,895	23,730	31,535	15,600	15,940	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	6,575	3,270	3,305	9,415	4,405	5,005	2,500	1,180	1,320	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	8,230	3,970	4,255	25,910	12,385	13,530	9,065	4,385	4,680	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	7,460	3,570	3,890	3,935	1,775	2,160	11,725	5,325	6,400	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	7,485	3,735	3,750	41,705	21,145	20,555	9,080	4,870	4,210	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15,090	7,240	7,850	50,400	23,975	26,425	33,155	16,460	16,695	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	10,700	5,485	5,215	74,080	37,140	36,940	26,680	13,550	13,135	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	3,420	1,835	1,585	11,980	6,345	5,635	5,655	3,385	2,270	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	10,085	4,815	5,270	42,190	19,685	22,510	26,955	12,890	14,070	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	21,480	10,985	10,495	18,385	9,645	8,740	52,935	28,050	24,885	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	7,290	3,835	3,455	51,985	26,040	25,945	26,980	13,250	13,725	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	6,675	3,290	3,385	62,015	28,165	33,850	5,905	2,760	3,140	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	5,085	2,390	2,690	39,880	18,735	21,145	8,475	3,860	4,610	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,815	845	970	1,380	695	680	780	355	430	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	4,265	2,010	2,260	42,195	19,625	22,575	5,445	2,485	2,960	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	5,620	2,595	3,025	20,010	9,315	10,695	16,255	7,785	8,470	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	23,990	11,990	12,000	11,530	5,790	5,745	30,115	15,635	14,475	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	7,265	3,680	3,585	37,895	19,030	18,865	12,890	6,310	6,575	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,845	2,360	2,490	15,030	7,120	7,910	11,615	5,780	5,835	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	5,015	2,415	2,600	7,120	3,525	3,595	1,820	845	970	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,065	1,895	2,170	3,925	1,845	2,085	3,710	1,705	2,005	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	1,755	935	815	4,850	2,575	2,270	3,335	1,775	1,560	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	4,670	2,280	2,390	11,700	5,695	6,010	3,485	1,725	1,755	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	4,230	2,025	2,205	4,575	2,255	2,320	10,940	5,520	5,420	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	9,780	4,470	5,310	2,820	1,285	1,530	80,485	37,710	42,775	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	4,180	2,335	1,845	26,510	13,990	12,515	5,610	3,195	2,420	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	3,200	1,400	1,805	15,440	7,570	7,870	15,365	7,685	7,680	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	1,190	610	580	1,740	820	920	385	195	195	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	3,790	1,760	2,030	6,710	3,305	3,405	5,470	2,695	2,775	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	4,090	2,080	2,010	7,710	3,550	4,165	1,000	425	580	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	2,960	1,450	1,500	43,495	21,320	22,170	7,720	3,820	3,905	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	3,375	1,690	1,685	12,420	5,930	6,495	2,230	1,080	1,155	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	3,105	1,310	1,790	17,115	7,165	9,950	3,565	1,490	2,075	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,335	1,750	1,575	25,660	13,120	12,540	1,770	970	800	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,315	1,120	1,195	2,195	995	1,200	2,310	1,015	1,300	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	3,290	1,585	1,710	4,345	2,185	2,160	1,300	685	615	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	5,230	2,530	2,695	15,950	8,065	7,880	8,530	4,530	3,995	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	6,920	3,585	3,330	9,725	5,120	4,605	13,040	6,810	6,230	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	3,200	1,525	1,675	17,735	8,680	9,060	12,215	6,250	5,965	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	2,350	1,235	1,115	35,070	17,375	17,695	4,835	2,245	2,585	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	1,460	740	715	2,560	1,305	1,255	345	205	145	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	2,360	1,060	1,300	10,340	4,845	5,490	11,580	5,525	6,055	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	2,910	1,485	1,425	3,905	1,895	2,005	37,360	19,125	18,235	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	3,215	1,525	1,690	7,745	3,630	4,115	2,395	1,080	1,315	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	6,610	3,290	3,325	6,785	3,285	3,495	13,935	6,830	7,105	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	2,010	915	1,095	27,780	12,870	14,910	1,650	815	835	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	4,475	2,255	2,220	18,760	9,300	9,460	1,885	1,005	885	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,085	1,955	2,125	22,590	9,570	13,030	7,275	3,530	3,740	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	2,535	1,220	1,320	17,775	8,655	9,120	1,755	835	920	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	1,320	625	695	2,405	1,185	1,225	250	130	125	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	2,465	1,200	1,265	3,370	1,640	1,735	390	230	160	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	1,200	605	595	12,835	6,050	6,785	1,000	460	540	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	5,400	2,575	2,825	4,725	2,365	2,360	795	370	430	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	3,095	1,605	1,490	15,215	7,895	7,330	4,285	2,325	1,955	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,090	1,000	1,095	17,350	8,165	9,180	2,925	1,500	1,425	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	4,175	2,125	2,050	15,770	8,275	7,490	8,160	4,055	4,105	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,635	730	905	285	110	170	775	220	555	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	3,680	1,850	1,830	26,650	13,640	13,010	8,790	4,475	4,310	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	2,015	1,015	1,005	1,290	610	680	40,570	21,135	19,435	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	2,550	1,315	1,235	14,860	7,215	7,640	6,440	3,085	3,355	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	3,850	1,845	2,005	10,870	5,165	5,700	1,780	820	955	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	1,670	880	785	11,885	5,830	6,055	10,715	5,120	5,595	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	2,665	1,225	1,440	7,065	3,435	3,630	1,375	640	735	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,630	1,200	1,430	11,345	5,360	5,990	2,990	1,430	1,555	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	10,500	4,795	5,705	19,810	9,465	10,345	1,155	550	610	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	1,270	600	675	7,955	3,510	4,445	1,860	860	1,000	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	3,890	1,950	1,945	7,490	3,690	3,800	1,770	975	800	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	2,030	990	1,045	7,195	3,480	3,715	9,125	4,430	4,700	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	2,575	1,110	1,465	15,300	6,390	8,910	5,045	2,265	2,780	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,710	825	885	13,395	6,145	7,250	1,775	775	995	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,030	2,615	2,415	7,875	4,175	3,705	3,005	1,655	1,355	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	2,395	1,075	1,320	14,565	6,230	8,335	4,900	2,065	2,835	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	4,015	1,710	2,300	625	295	330	1,725	860	865	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,075	510	565	14,825	6,495	8,330	1,900	775	1,120	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	2,130	1,015	1,120	8,190	3,890	4,300	2,110	930	1,180	52,040	24,510	27,530
South African	1,540	735	805	5,505	2,790	2,715	465	220	245	49,840	24,885	24,955
Australian	1,285	635	650	3,480	1,850	1,630	830	405	425	46,765	24,165	22,595
Palestinian	4,915	2,520	2,400	4,020	2,010	2,015	3,525	1,890	1,640	45,905	23,930	21,975
Chilean	865	415	455	5,165	2,405	2,755	6,025	2,985	3,040	45,685	22,520	23,165
Congolese	5,130	2,260	2,875	2,705	1,235	1,465	9,965	4,820	5,140	45,260	22,000	23,260
Nova Scotian	1,185	575	610	1,170	585	585	505	225	280	44,720	21,700	23,025
Ethiopian	2,600	1,355	1,245	11,065	5,170	5,895	965	495	475	42,545	20,675	21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,255	585	670	7,945	3,730	4,220	3,165	1,615	1,550	42,405	20,105	22,300
Peruvian	1,325	640	685	5,235	2,510	2,720	8,415	3,870	4,545	42,295	19,925	22,370
Yoruba	1,815	990	825	5,395	2,800	2,595	1,710	940	770	42,075	21,740	20,330
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,375	1,065	1,310	2,800	1,250	1,555	8,775	4,125	4,650	41,950	19,835	22,115
Berber	1,310	685	630	505	265	245	19,835	10,545	9,290	41,700	22,325	19,370
Albanian	1,160	625	535	12,250	6,200	6,050	2,560	1,300	1,260	41,620	21,050	20,570
Maltese	605	280	325	6,400	3,110	3,295	360	200	160	40,670	20,210	20,455
Macedonian	535	230	300	11,600	5,800	5,805	325	165	160	39,440	19,500	19,940
Slovenian	1,015	530	485	4,805	2,310	2,495	825	365	455	38,595	18,785	19,815
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,620	780	840	2,575	1,275	1,305	2,185	1,225	960	38,520	18,935	19,585
New Brunswicker	855	370	490	525	215	310	850	430	425	37,670	18,235	19,435
Gujarati	1,025	525	495	6,650	3,465	3,190	880	475	405	36,970	19,580	17,385
Eritrean	2,095	1,085	1,010	8,355	3,975	4,380	615	305	310	36,290	18,185	18,110
African Canadian	1,170	530	640	6,015	2,910	3,105	1,290	680	610	35,395	17,140	18,250
Israeli	955	455	500	7,415	3,890	3,525	2,760	1,485	1,275	35,345	18,410	16,940
Mohawk	1,780	835	945	1,275	600	675	1,345	600	740	33,330	16,485	16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	665	325	340	1,750	790	960	550	235	315	33,135	15,355	17,775
Bulgarian	1,525	735	790	5,830	2,845	2,980	4,040	1,955	2,085	33,085	16,235	16,850
Albertan	220	135	85	165	90	75	100	35	65	32,575	16,525	16,055
Ghanaian	1,195	595	600	7,550	3,545	4,005	1,735	925	810	31,720	15,650	16,065
Barbadian	1,130	555	570	6,340	2,785	3,550	2,410	1,195	1,215	31,440	15,265	16,175
African American	780	390	390	4,410	2,080	2,330	1,600	790	810	31,430	15,700	15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	800	370	435	2,855	1,260	1,590	825	450	375	30,565	14,635	15,930
Tunisian	885	440	445	485	255	230	11,510	6,360	5,150	30,465	16,585	13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,420	700	715	4,710	2,265	2,450	1,350	615	725	30,220	15,225	14,995
Cuban	1,245	585	665	4,760	2,310	2,450	3,770	1,915	1,850	30,065	14,830	15,235
Bosnian	1,365	675	690	3,255	1,670	1,585	510	245	270	28,490	14,320	14,170
Venezuelan	1,045	490	560	4,130	1,930	2,195	3,895	1,730	2,160	28,395	13,220	15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	325	155	165	50	20	30	1,610	705	905	28,225	13,490	14,735
Latvian	1,110	565	545	4,915	2,355	2,550	625	330	295	28,140	13,515	14,620
Bengali	1,255	670	585	9,230	4,795	4,435	3,570	1,775	1,800	26,675	13,830	12,850
Cameroonian	1,185	625	555	1,020	470	545	6,740	3,360	3,380	26,535	12,960	13,580
Guatemalan	405	190	215	2,980	1,465	1,515	4,875	2,545	2,330	26,460	13,920	12,540
Indonesian	970	445	525	3,330	1,490	1,845	1,000	455	540	26,330	11,910	14,415
Laotian	815	370	445	1,670	735	930	2,510	1,280	1,235	25,875	12,500	13,375
Ilocano	455	230	235	6,220	2,805	3,415	1,085	525	565	25,575	11,860	13,715
Northern Irish	1,005	500	515	2,625	1,440	1,185	310	160	150	25,200	12,495	12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	1,205	615	595	2,180	1,085	1,095	585	295	290	24,420	12,265	12,155
British Columbian	225	105	115	165	70	90	90	40	50	24,325	12,230	12,095
Ecuadorian	350	130	215	8,450	4,020	4,430	1,190	565	630	24,255	11,510	12,745
Franco Ontarian	6,225	2,875	3,355	795	430	365	675	355	315	24,110	11,540	12,570
Argentinian	505	230	280	4,015	2,030	1,980	2,545	1,310	1,230	23,500	11,665	11,840
Estonian	865	415	445	3,840	1,745	2,095	365	215	150	23,455	11,080	12,375
Kurdish	1,140	585	555	3,825	2,195	1,630	1,470	840	635	23,130	12,670	10,460
Fijian	50	15	40	545	250	295	15	0	10	23,020	11,040	11,980
Jatt	185	95	95	660	340	320	390	185	205	22,785	11,695	11,090
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	470	240	230	1,050	530	515	715	370	345	22,785	11,680	11,105
Coptic	1,050	510	540	1,645	835	810	2,240	1,170	1,070	22,570	11,405	11,165
Thai	1,015	375	640	2,220	890	1,335	1,150	395	755	22,275	8,525	13,750
Dominican	805	375	430	3,140	1,465	1,675	5,245	2,460	2,790	22,125	10,615	11,510
Nepali	915	475	450	3,310	1,665	1,645	430	240	185	21,975	11,215	10,765
Kabyle	320	150	170	60	15	45	10,940	5,660	5,275	20,565	10,595	9,975
Assyrian	230	105	125	4,055	1,975	2,085	345	150	200	19,685	9,730	9,955
Igbo	1,340	650	685	2,025	955	1,065	565	325	240	19,305	9,890	9,415
Byelorussian	945	435	510	2,725	1,330	1,395	1,090	555	535	18,850	9,055	9,795
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	55	35	15	25	10	15	18,745	9,030	9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	325	150	175	265	135	125	100	45	50	18,545	8,975	9,570
Abenaki	225	115	110	45	20	15	1,685	750	935	18,420	8,545	9,870
Moldovan	375	155	225	1,170	580	590	3,295	1,630	1,665	18,190	8,850	9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	515	215	295	300	145	150	1,120	500	615	17,955	8,625	9,330
New Zealander	490	290	200	1,235	600	635	265	150	115	17,755	9,275	8,470
Sudanese	795	390	410	2,195	1,075	1,115	300	155	145	17,485	8,825	8,665
Breton	160	80	75	140	80	60	3,775	1,765	2,010	17,465	8,710	8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch	270	95	180	750	350	400	45	20	25	17,315	7,300	10,020
Malaysian	635	305	330	2,720	1,225	1,500	375	205	165	17,050	7,935	9,115
Plains Cree	60	25	40	70	35	35	35	15	20	16,570	8,255	8,310
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	1,095	560	535	1,080	535	550	5,440	2,890	2,545	16,315	8,565	7,750
Huron (Wendat)	390	210	190	150	60	85	1,425	655	770	15,910	7,715	8,195
Saskatchewanian	400	160	235	170	75	95	70	25	45	15,780	7,505	8,280
Buddhist	415	170	250	2,880	1,390	1,485	690	295	400	15,660	7,485	8,175
Gaspesian	60	35	25	50	25	25	1,565	705	860	15,650	7,290	8,360
Norman	450	240	215	330	185	145	1,850	905	940	15,340	8,155	7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	785	380	410	3,390	1,560	1,835	260	105	155	15,055	7,180	7,875
Ivorian	785	370	415	495	200	295	3,370	1,610	1,760	15,010	7,255	7,755
Saulteaux	70	30	40	130	55	75	35	10	15	14,265	6,730	7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	445	195	250	560	265	300	140	60	85	14,260	6,525	7,735
Burundian	2,695	1,275	1,415	435	210	230	2,120	1,025	1,090	14,110	6,810	7,295
Tigrinya	405	220	180	2,450	1,225	1,220	370	210	160	13,910	7,435	6,470
Nicaraguan	615	285	335	2,135	935	1,200	1,255	630	625	13,840	6,730	7,120
Mauritian	635	310	325	1,430	695	740	1,955	1,080	870	13,755	7,020	6,730
Kenyan	630	240	385	2,195	960	1,235	210	95	115	13,565	6,510	7,055
Oji-Cree	70	20	45	75	30	45	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915
Vincentian	270	95	175	4,130	1,700	2,430	2,215	885	1,330	13,245	5,800	7,445
Jordanian	1,505	790	715	1,365	755	615	770	430	340	13,225	7,055	6,170
Manitoban	255	135	115	170	65	100	110	45	60	13,095	6,530	6,565
Cape Bretoner	330	145	185	285	140	140	50	15	35	13,065	6,175	6,885
Rwandan	1,530	705	825	630	285	355	2,125	975	1,155	12,890	6,150	6,740
Grenadian	280	145	140	5,060	2,125	2,930	910	350	560	12,890	5,965	6,930
Malayali	550	300	250	1,850	1,015	840	335	185	150	12,490	6,580	5,910
Chaldean	55	30	25	1,270	685	585	110	40	75	12,115	6,080	6,035
Sinhalese	660	340	320	2,320	1,115	1,200	310	150	165	12,080	5,905	6,170
Mayan	290	120	175	1,250	620	625	1,695	900	795	11,710	5,980	5,730
Honduran	260	140	120	1,040	510	530	2,260	1,015	1,240	10,920	5,370	5,550
Cherokee	315	125	190	305	160	140	195	90	100	10,825	5,080	5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	160	55	105	90	45	45	15	10	0	10,750	5,130	5,620
Indo-Caribbean	290	110	185	2,975	1,320	1,655	280	135	140	10,490	4,710	5,775
Flemish	345	170	180	470	250	220	520	265	255	10,275	4,950	5,325
United Empire Loyalist	595	265	325	800	410	380	90	45	50	10,015	4,975	5,045
Senegalese	440	225	215	300	160	140	3,165	1,585	1,580	9,955	5,115	4,840
Azerbaijani	310	170	140	2,375	1,210	1,160	510	260	245	9,915	5,165	4,750
Sicilian	270	145	130	1,005	485	525	970	495	470	9,835	5,135	4,695
Pashtun	540	295	245	1,755	965	790	475	245	220	9,825	5,195	4,625
Malay	110	45	65	1,715	815	895	300	135	165	9,795	4,725	5,065
Goan	315	145	170	2,105	970	1,135	115	55	60	9,700	4,710	4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	830	395	435	940	420	520	1,635	815	815	9,455	4,705	4,755
Tibetan	55	25	25	6,335	3,145	3,190	135	65	70	9,350	4,650	4,700
Zimbabwean	320	125	200	745	340	400	180	105	75	9,165	4,435	4,725
Burmese	465	210	265	1,220	555	665	225	105	120	9,150	4,385	4,760
Mongolian	425	170	255	1,255	530	720	480	210	270	9,090	4,240	4,850
Azorean	165	85	80	1,470	660	810	730	310	415	8,970	4,235	4,735
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	180	8,400	4,270	4,125
Bamileke	380	195	185	315	165	150	2,160	1,115	1,040	8,315	4,220	4,090
Indo-Guyanese	220	115	105	2,765	1,150	1,615	125	60	65	8,310	3,765	4,545
Ugandan	590	305	285	2,190	995	1,190	100	55	50	8,285	3,910	4,375
Oromo	410	220	190	1,785	945	840	50	25	25	8,255	4,425	3,830
Tanzanian	380	180	200	1,810	815	990	175	85	90	8,140	3,945	4,195
Yemeni	985	485	500	1,635	790	845	515	275	240	8,115	3,995	4,130
Central African	630	290	340	155	105	50	1,415	675	740	8,080	3,830	4,250
Libyan	1,430	725	705	575	310	260	590	320	270	7,945	4,265	3,680
Basque	335	160	175	355	215	145	980	515	465	7,745	4,030	3,710
Uruguayan	135	55	80	1,475	755	715	785	450	335	7,660	3,870	3,790
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	290	155	135	1,125	585	545	545	270	270	7,640	3,835	3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	450	205	245	1,390	635	750	870	500	370	7,635	3,690	3,950
Igorot	195	95	100	1,125	445	675	290	105	185	7,535	3,305	4,230
Fulani	310	150	155	400	225	175	2,380	1,260	1,120	7,480	3,865	3,620
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800
Guinean	320	130	185	290	165	120	2,670	1,375	1,290	7,390	3,700	3,695
St. Lucian	635	265	375	2,450	1,020	1,430	255	100	155	7,285	3,340	3,945
Prince Edward Islander	230	120	110	315	135	180	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875
Maliseet	135	60	75	35	10	30	200	70	135	7,220	3,515	3,705
Beninese	240	145	95	470	200	270	2,000	1,140	865	6,810	3,630	3,180
Telugu	220	115	110	1,440	840	595	180	125	55	6,670	3,730	2,945
Roma	150	65	80	1,500	815	685	235	110	125	6,545	3,225	3,320
Costa Rican	175	90	85	890	440	455	720	425	295	6,500	3,265	3,230
African Nova Scotian	200	95	105	570	215	355	215	105	115	6,480	2,945	3,535
Malagasy	220	115	100	135	65	75	1,625	755	865	6,255	3,085	3,170
Kashmiri	130	70	65	890	390	495	75	40	30	6,165	3,020	3,145
Singaporean	165	65	100	860	390	475	75	55	15	6,060	2,755	3,305
Karen	385	215	170	265	120	140	10	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985
Edo	310	140	170	1,250	630	625	290	130	155	5,985	2,995	2,995
Tajik	370	200	170	1,545	760	785	100	45	55	5,980	2,965	3,015
Amhara	415	190	225	1,985	990	995	95	45	45	5,945	3,010	2,930
Paraguayan	60	30	35	205	75	130	90	35	60	5,925	2,855	3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,000,935	489,105	511,830	2,761,285	1,336,390	1,424,895	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Buddhist	10,800	4,740	6,060	62,475	27,945	34,530	26,395	11,650	14,745	356,975	157,435	199,540
Christian	528,700	244,560	284,140	1,274,450	580,640	693,810	853,205	397,365	455,840	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	64,320	29,935	34,385	230,275	105,035	125,240	105,435	50,405	55,035	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995
Anabaptist	885	360	525	1,415	685	730	195	80	120	144,145	70,095	74,050
Anglican	41,175	19,000	22,180	66,495	29,145	37,350	9,480	4,260	5,220	1,134,315	515,270	619,045
Baptist	7,600	3,435	4,170	22,180	9,535	12,645	11,620	5,335	6,290	436,940	200,325	236,615
Catholic	303,820	141,215	162,605	669,320	309,400	359,920	602,630	280,655	321,975	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010
Christian Orthodox	21,350	10,220	11,125	110,665	52,095	58,565	55,730	26,490	29,235	623,010	301,055	321,955
Jehovah's Witness	3,015	1,290	1,730	8,550	3,400	5,155	6,790	2,720	4,070	137,255	59,505	77,750
Latter Day Saints	1,175	575	600	1,855	920	940	1,140	520	620	87,725	41,365	46,360
Lutheran	6,350	2,890	3,460	10,485	4,615	5,870	1,510	685	825	328,045	150,115	177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,995	915	1,080	5,080	2,140	2,940	840	400	440	100,655	46,640	54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	11,585	5,100	6,490	32,900	13,615	19,280	14,860	6,485	8,380	399,025	180,870	218,155
Presbyterian	9,245	4,370	4,880	24,760	11,085	13,670	2,615	1,230	1,380	301,400	136,440	164,960
Reformed	1,115	525	590	1,175	560	615	310	150	165	79,870	39,250	40,620
United Church	34,445	15,285	19,160	43,465	18,265	25,195	3,950	1,655	2,295	1,214,185	531,740	682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20,610	9,445	11,165	45,840	20,140	25,705	36,100	16,305	19,790	745,650	345,540	400,110
Hindu	20,300	10,690	9,610	171,980	88,440	83,540	30,430	16,600	13,835	828,195	430,135	398,060
Jewish	10,600	5,260	5,340	99,390	48,285	51,105	35,930	17,990	17,940	335,295	164,220	171,070
Muslim	98,920	49,570	49,350	264,155	133,135	131,025	218,395	113,570	104,820	1,775,715	904,205	871,510
Sikh	6,375	3,315	3,065	21,545	10,985	10,565	15,630	8,360	7,265	771,790	394,345	377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	445	185	265	935	425	510	205	80	130	80,685	38,460	42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,055	3,395	4,660	20,730	9,250	11,480	8,860	4,145	4,710	229,015	97,645	131,370
No religion and secular perspectives	316,740	167,400	149,340	845,615	437,290	408,325	534,180	281,845	252,340	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	992,100	484,685	507,410	2,736,910	1,324,065	1,412,845	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600
Non-movers	860,725	419,245	441,485	2,382,090	1,148,830	1,233,265	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050
Movers	131,375	65,445	65,930	354,820	175,235	179,585	234,450	119,225	115,230	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550
Non-migrants	94,310	47,145	47,160	261,975	129,440	132,540	174,665	88,775	85,895	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005
Migrants	37,060	18,295	18,770	92,845	45,800	47,045	59,790	30,455	29,335	1,813,155	895,610	917,550
Internal migrants	26,175	12,765	13,415	52,170	25,705	26,465	31,510	15,825	15,685	1,519,200	748,025	771,180
Intraprovincial migrants	15,845	7,690	8,160	42,095	20,635	21,460	22,730	11,190	11,535	1,250,235	612,810	637,425
Interprovincial migrants	10,335	5,080	5,260	10,070	5,065	5,005	8,780	4,635	4,145	268,965	135,215	133,750
External migrants	10,885	5,530	5,360	40,675	20,095	20,580	28,280	14,630	13,650	293,955	147,585	146,370
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	952,255	464,540	487,715	2,637,900	1,273,360	1,364,545	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080
Non-movers	561,640	272,320	289,320	1,664,210	792,965	871,240	890,430	431,050	459,385	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660
Movers	390,615	192,220	198,395	973,695	480,390	493,300	744,270	375,675	368,595	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420
Non-migrants	226,395	111,260	115,130	530,780	259,585	271,200	416,555	207,830	208,725	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460
Migrants	164,220	80,960	83,260	442,910	220,810	222,105	327,720	167,840	159,875	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955
Internal migrants	102,750	49,970	52,780	200,725	97,915	102,810	145,860	72,315	73,545	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755
Intraprovincial migrants	60,055	28,950	31,110	157,040	76,340	80,700	118,675	58,715	59,960	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105
Interprovincial migrants	42,695	21,025	21,670	43,685	21,575	22,115	27,185	13,600	13,580	921,345	459,695	461,650
External migrants	61,470	30,985	30,485	242,185	122,895	119,295	181,860	95,525	86,335	1,692,390	859,195	833,200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	834,140	404,315	429,820	2,377,945	1,139,355	1,238,590	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100,305	49,975	50,330	364,050	174,890	189,165	253,885	125,810	128,075	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	733,835	354,340	379,495	2,013,895	964,460	1,049,430	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	543,310	264,050	279,255	1,602,620	776,280	826,335	981,205	492,180	489,025	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35,045	18,430	16,615	151,430	78,530	72,905	115,240	62,335	52,905	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	508,265	245,620	262,645	1,451,180	697,755	753,435	865,970	429,855	436,115	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	834,135	404,315	429,825	2,377,950	1,139,355	1,238,595	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	92,035	45,570	46,465	339,500	161,330	178,165	228,310	111,220	117,090	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	192,100	96,810	95,290	555,590	281,045	274,545	281,440	143,785	137,655	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	550,000	261,940	288,060	1,482,860	696,980	785,885	943,545	458,740	484,805	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	204,535	98,395	106,140	506,235	237,545	268,695	420,630	208,325	212,310	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	29,735	18,835	10,900	80,935	51,140	29,800	135,320	75,570	59,755	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,420	9,130	7,295	46,255	26,680	19,575	98,575	50,165	48,415	1,458,160	827,980	630,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	13,315	9,710	3,605	34,680	24,460	10,225	36,750	25,405	11,335	1,183,395	983,525	199,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	157,470	72,260	85,215	356,760	156,325	200,435	226,630	107,020	119,610	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,325	7,300	10,030	68,545	30,085	38,460	58,675	25,735	32,945	896,755	372,560	524,195
Bachelor's degree or higher	345,465	163,545	181,925	976,620	459,435	517,190	522,915	250,415	272,500	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955
Bachelor's degree	208,395	95,085	113,310	615,160	284,465	330,695	294,530	137,550	156,980	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	18,710	8,060	10,655	62,665	28,715	33,955	51,000	23,685	27,315	556,510	243,200	313,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,015	3,725	4,290	24,940	12,115	12,820	13,135	6,300	6,830	214,105	108,000	106,105
Master's degree	91,830	45,080	46,745	238,415	114,030	124,385	138,940	68,590	70,355	1,740,605	824,250	916,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	18,520	11,590	6,925	35,445	20,110	15,330	25,315	14,295	11,025	279,660	165,795	113,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	543,305	264,050	279,255	1,602,615	776,280	826,335	981,210	492,185	489,025	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	30,180	16,000	14,180	137,130	71,175	65,950	97,670	52,760	44,910	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95,710	51,705	44,005	304,135	163,550	140,590	146,020	79,740	66,280	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	417,415	196,340	221,070	1,161,345	541,550	619,795	737,515	359,680	377,835	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	148,475	72,405	76,070	370,020	173,795	196,220	302,205	152,275	149,925	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,900	12,550	7,350	53,060	33,500	19,560	103,365	56,740	46,625	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,930	6,050	4,885	30,330	17,550	12,780	76,115	38,060	38,055	1,050,285	586,420	463,865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,965	6,505	2,460	22,730	15,950	6,785	27,250	18,680	8,565	836,220	693,830	142,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	117,225	54,875	62,350	268,055	118,975	149,080	155,015	75,780	79,230	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,355	4,980	6,370	48,905	21,325	27,575	43,825	19,755	24,070	623,090	261,035	362,050
Bachelor's degree or higher	268,935	123,940	145,000	791,330	367,755	423,575	435,315	207,405	227,905	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215
Bachelor's degree	160,030	72,300	87,730	491,215	226,820	264,395	239,785	112,440	127,345	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,910	5,590	8,315	49,305	21,930	27,375	42,855	19,650	23,205	430,875	179,230	251,645
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,290	2,590	3,700	19,385	8,515	10,870	10,470	4,595	5,875	167,730	75,120	92,615
Master's degree	75,160	35,605	39,555	204,360	96,085	108,270	121,575	59,570	62,010	1,446,435	659,295	787,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	13,545	7,850	5,700	27,070	14,400	12,670	20,630	11,160	9,475	209,445	115,530	93,915
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	834,135	404,315	429,820	2,377,945	1,139,350	1,238,595	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	284,135	142,380	141,760	895,085	442,375	452,710	509,755	255,010	254,740	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900
Education	27,600	6,120	21,485	67,760	14,880	52,875	47,580	11,515	36,060	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
13. Education	27,600	6,120	21,485	67,760	14,880	52,875	47,580	11,515	36,060	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	18,020	7,620	10,395	87,485	38,700	48,785	63,605	30,650	32,955	631,255	274,065	357,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,425	1,665	760	7,235	4,900	2,335	7,690	5,340	2,350	74,785	53,390	21,395
50. Visual and performing arts	15,590	5,955	9,635	80,250	33,795	46,450	55,915	25,310	30,600	556,470	220,680	335,790
Humanities	35,490	13,000	22,490	100,310	36,665	63,645	69,055	27,655	41,405	926,560	354,120	572,440
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	5,855	1,290	4,565	12,225	2,715	9,510	13,280	3,420	9,860	106,345	23,460	82,885
23. English language and literature/letters	8,820	2,575	6,250	29,600	9,275	20,325	7,005	2,310	4,695	184,600	53,020	131,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,885	2,350	4,540	25,940	8,620	17,325	24,785	10,755	14,030	316,050	119,215	196,830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,025	435	585	2,610	950	1,660	750	270	485	18,935	6,835	12,095
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,640	1,575	1,070	8,140	4,720	3,415	4,470	2,710	1,765	57,745	33,040	24,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,795	1,035	765	4,915	2,875	2,040	1,895	1,240	655	77,510	46,140	31,365
54. History	6,250	3,295	2,945	13,460	6,855	6,600	5,890	3,170	2,720	108,935	58,310	50,620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,215	445	1,770	3,420	650	2,775	10,980	3,785	7,195	56,440	14,090	42,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,360	39,200	65,160	235,830	88,040	147,790	135,105	49,230	85,875	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,635	450	1,185	4,165	955	3,210	1,930	580	1,345	29,430	7,065	22,365
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	11,740	4,305	7,435	33,725	13,160	20,570	21,825	7,570	14,260	233,400	88,205	145,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,185	915	9,265	26,820	2,950	23,870	16,140	1,820	14,315	344,150	27,905	316,240
22. Legal professions and studies	15,980	6,220	9,760	41,920	17,845	24,075	24,300	9,690	14,610	325,785	115,335	210,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,410	1,285	2,125	5,720	2,055	3,670	3,725	1,115	2,610	49,855	16,000	33,850
42. Psychology	15,385	3,630	11,760	31,470	7,995	23,475	18,040	4,375	13,670	327,965	79,295	248,665
45. Social sciences	46,020	22,390	23,630	92,005	43,085	48,915	49,145	24,080	25,070	705,540	336,960	368,580
Business, management and public administration	110,230	48,455	61,775	361,525	167,130	194,400	212,570	93,910	118,660	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	170	65	105	550	185	365	195	110	85	5,335	1,705	3,630
44. Public administration and social service professions	11,785	3,555	8,230	24,100	5,445	18,655	10,270	2,590	7,675	272,240	55,995	216,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	98,275	44,835	53,445	336,875	161,495	175,380	202,105	91,205	110,895	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,225	14,850	15,375	72,985	33,565	39,420	48,295	25,025	23,270	719,715	353,540	366,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,880	5,985	8,895	34,380	13,670	20,705	19,755	8,140	11,615	297,055	121,615	175,435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,840	2,185	2,650	15,710	6,790	8,920	7,970	4,260	3,710	155,955	72,245	83,705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	405	105	305	2,105	620	1,485	4,885	2,495	2,400	35,380	14,950	20,430
40. Physical sciences	9,330	6,290	3,040	18,470	11,680	6,790	14,030	9,170	4,855	196,620	130,745	65,875
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	295	480	2,325	805	1,520	1,650	965	690	34,710	13,985	20,730
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40,150	27,220	12,930	94,200	60,675	33,530	58,555	41,475	17,080	804,230	531,435	272,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	31,300	22,805	8,490	70,775	48,840	21,935	47,925	35,890	12,030	643,145	454,370	188,775
25. Library science	2,545	550	1,995	3,770	655	3,115	3,205	810	2,400	43,085	7,100	35,985
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,980	2,950	2,030	16,295	9,155	7,145	6,060	3,785	2,280	99,360	57,560	41,800
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,325	915	410	3,355	2,020	1,335	1,365	995	375	18,640	12,400	6,240
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	88,310	74,715	13,595	223,100	181,895	41,205	153,375	127,040	26,335	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900
04. Architecture and related services	5,325	3,270	2,055	20,870	12,275	8,590	11,945	6,400	5,550	135,020	81,930	53,090
14. Engineering	43,170	34,265	8,905	108,445	83,425	25,020	67,700	52,785	14,915	900,475	723,080	177,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	19,460	17,320	2,135	38,525	32,730	5,795	24,350	20,890	3,460	726,155	638,355	87,800
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	10	45	30	0	25	65	25	45	580	190	390
46. Construction trades	8,690	8,530	160	23,760	23,195	560	19,805	18,840	970	703,905	683,060	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,370	8,220	145	21,430	20,795	640	18,350	17,680	675	659,480	640,895	18,590
48. Precision production	3,250	3,095	155	10,040	9,465	575	11,150	10,425	725	380,505	363,710	16,795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,755	4,170	4,595	17,550	8,375	9,175	10,155	5,040	5,115	407,545	234,360	173,175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,145	2,360	2,785	10,125	4,905	5,215	6,670	3,340	3,330	262,580	140,520	122,070
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,610	1,805	1,805	7,430	3,470	3,960	3,490	1,700	1,785	144,960	93,845	51,115
Health and related fields	64,635	14,645	49,990	171,920	42,815	129,100	106,500	26,315	80,185	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	40	10	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,930	2,820	3,110	13,175	6,990	6,185	6,050	3,110	2,945	180,785	89,005	91,780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55,880	10,480	45,395	150,945	31,730	119,210	95,775	20,920	74,855	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	125	30	95	435	155	280	170	75	100	5,255	1,425	3,825
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,700	1,315	1,385	7,340	3,940	3,405	4,505	2,215	2,290	64,030	34,630	29,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,090	11,910	10,185	49,840	24,160	25,680	38,585	20,835	17,750	1,006,425	520,970	485,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	11,455	3,685	7,765	32,100	11,215	20,885	24,500	9,050	15,445	548,520	151,115	397,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	895	795	100	210	185	30	20	20	0	3,965	3,520	445
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	435	380	50	255	220	30	160	160	0	6,900	6,210	690
43. Security and protective services	7,000	4,935	2,060	10,390	6,860	3,530	6,385	4,920	1,465	227,835	160,930	66,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,315	2,110	205	6,885	5,685	1,200	7,525	6,685	840	219,205	199,190	20,010
Other¹⁷⁹	130	35	90	355	80	275	165	45	120	5,305	1,640	3,665
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	543,305	264,050	279,255	1,602,615	776,280	826,335	981,205	492,180	489,025	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125,895	67,710	58,190	441,270	234,730	206,540	243,690	132,500	111,190	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Education	18,440	3,890	14,550	46,545	10,355	36,190	33,780	8,105	25,675	742,175	158,185	583,990
13. Education	18,440	3,890	14,550	46,545	10,355	36,190	33,780	8,105	25,675	742,175	158,185	583,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,675	5,690	7,985	70,870	31,695	39,175	50,935	25,035	25,900	490,455	210,500	279,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,780	1,165	615	5,650	3,835	1,815	6,360	4,440	1,920	54,645	38,170	16,475
50. Visual and performing arts	11,895	4,520	7,375	65,220	27,860	37,360	44,575	20,595	23,980	435,815	172,330	263,480
Humanities	24,905	8,920	15,985	74,315	26,970	47,345	46,970	18,990	27,980	649,695	241,235	408,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	4,275	880	3,395	8,900	1,850	7,045	10,150	2,655	7,500	79,235	16,400	62,835
23. English language and literature/letters	6,325	1,890	4,440	22,195	6,935	15,255	5,430	1,810	3,620	134,815	37,610	97,210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,755	1,590	3,165	19,740	6,600	13,130	14,680	6,710	7,965	216,725	80,505	136,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	710	290	415	1,840	655	1,190	530	180	345	12,910	4,540	8,370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,880	1,095	785	6,305	3,650	2,650	3,255	1,965	1,290	41,640	23,645	17,990
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,170	675	490	3,215	1,955	1,255	1,090	765	325	48,920	29,245	19,675
54. History	4,480	2,265	2,215	9,965	4,950	5,015	4,355	2,340	2,015	78,415	40,800	37,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,310	225	1,090	2,165	370	1,795	7,470	2,560	4,910	37,045	8,490	28,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	81,765	29,835	51,930	189,885	69,450	120,435	106,455	38,085	68,370	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,330	345	980	3,445	770	2,675	1,550	480	1,065	23,895	5,520	18,370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,625	3,485	6,135	28,960	11,160	17,800	18,665	6,420	12,245	196,475	72,125	124,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,665	675	6,985	20,265	2,110	18,160	12,815	1,340	11,475	270,970	20,095	250,875
22. Legal professions and studies	13,035	4,625	8,415	34,535	13,690	20,845	19,485	7,385	12,100	261,265	82,850	178,420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,560	980	1,580	4,755	1,725	3,030	2,760	840	1,925	37,830	12,160	25,670
42. Psychology	11,700	2,740	8,960	24,385	6,120	18,265	13,520	3,205	10,310	249,205	55,840	193,365
45. Social sciences	35,855	16,970	18,880	73,530	33,880	39,655	37,670	18,415	19,255	549,090	254,250	294,840
Business, management and public administration	85,840	36,925	48,910	293,645	135,030	158,615	173,115	76,040	97,075	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	120	45	70	435	140	290	165	90	65	3,995	1,335	2,665
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,370	2,820	6,550	19,060	4,280	14,770	8,055	2,070	5,980	213,140	40,230	172,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	76,350	34,060	42,290	274,155	130,605	143,550	164,900	73,875	91,030	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,000	10,160	11,840	53,685	24,305	29,380	32,990	16,980	16,010	513,555	241,780	271,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,405	4,350	7,055	26,230	10,580	15,645	16,185	6,735	9,450	227,460	90,390	137,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,485	1,525	1,960	11,360	4,770	6,590	3,955	2,115	1,840	108,350	48,075	60,280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	330	95	240	1,585	495	1,085	1,310	725	585	14,270	5,690	8,580
40. Physical sciences	6,295	4,030	2,265	12,950	7,950	5,000	10,390	6,710	3,680	140,510	88,540	51,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	480	160	320	1,565	505	1,055	1,150	700	450	22,960	9,090	13,870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,695	22,470	10,225	79,160	51,430	27,735	48,495	34,620	13,875	667,305	445,970	221,330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,615	19,460	7,155	61,940	42,630	19,305	40,770	30,640	10,130	554,185	392,835	161,350
25. Library science	1,500	330	1,165	2,225	460	1,765	2,310	595	1,715	27,610	4,720	22,885
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,480	1,945	1,530	12,265	6,690	5,575	4,525	2,760	1,765	70,940	39,000	31,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,095	730	370	2,730	1,645	1,085	890	625	265	14,565	9,415	5,155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	66,285	55,055	11,225	168,335	134,005	34,325	123,175	100,630	22,545	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420
04. Architecture and related services	3,950	2,315	1,640	16,260	9,110	7,155	10,010	5,255	4,750	105,845	61,230	44,605
14. Engineering	33,720	26,175	7,545	86,455	64,980	21,475	57,935	44,795	13,135	724,235	568,385	155,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	14,425	12,780	1,645	28,170	23,820	4,350	18,540	15,920	2,620	536,600	464,510	72,090
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	10	40	30	0	30	65	25	45	510	160	350
46. Construction trades	6,200	6,070	135	16,935	16,435	495	15,040	14,235	805	510,105	493,000	17,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,845	5,735	110	14,425	13,970	455	13,695	13,120	575	467,225	452,385	14,840
48. Precision production	2,085	1,970	110	6,060	5,685	375	7,890	7,285	605	266,690	253,110	13,585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,675	2,975	3,700	13,890	6,370	7,520	8,675	4,150	4,525	314,120	170,440	143,680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,705	1,555	2,145	7,600	3,515	4,090	5,650	2,705	2,950	199,335	99,700	99,635
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,970	1,415	1,555	6,285	2,860	3,430	3,020	1,445	1,575	114,780	70,745	44,040
Health and related fields	48,185	11,265	36,910	132,700	33,030	99,670	82,510	20,560	61,950	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,605	2,175	2,430	10,095	5,380	4,720	4,900	2,500	2,395	139,280	67,885	71,385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	41,505	8,220	33,285	116,830	24,900	91,920	73,950	16,430	57,525	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	105	15	85	375	115	260	145	50	95	4,430	945	3,485
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,970	860	1,110	5,385	2,640	2,745	3,510	1,570	1,940	48,115	23,255	24,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	16,855	9,115	7,745	38,050	18,845	19,210	30,275	16,455	13,825	772,450	399,835	372,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	8,590	2,775	5,815	24,395	8,670	15,725	19,020	6,985	12,035	414,520	112,935	301,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	720	630	90	150	130	20	20	20	0	2,955	2,575	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	250	220	25	125	110	15	95	95	0	3,850	3,415	435
43. Security and protective services	5,575	3,925	1,645	8,240	5,480	2,760	5,050	3,915	1,135	183,025	128,295	54,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,720	1,555	160	5,140	4,455	690	6,095	5,435	655	168,105	152,620	15,485
Other¹⁷⁹	95	35	60	260	70	190	135	30	105	4,075	1,150	2,930
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	543,305	264,050	279,255	1,602,615	776,280	826,335	981,205	492,180	489,025	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125,895	67,710	58,190	441,270	234,730	206,540	243,690	132,500	111,190	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	417,410	196,340	221,070	1,161,345	541,555	619,795	737,515	359,685	377,835	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100
Location of study inside Canada	338,690	159,815	178,880	776,130	362,085	414,040	529,195	254,400	274,795	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130
Same as province or territory of residence	279,830	131,870	147,965	707,130	328,080	379,050	503,230	241,010	262,225	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830
Different than province or territory of residence	58,860	27,950	30,915	69,005	34,010	34,995	25,965	13,390	12,570	1,239,495	602,195	637,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	78,720	36,530	42,190	385,220	179,465	205,750	208,320	105,280	103,040	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970
Americas	15,750	7,895	7,855	72,910	36,500	36,415	36,730	18,600	18,130	483,810	238,040	245,775
United States of America	9,810	5,285	4,520	39,810	21,035	18,770	10,760	6,075	4,690	279,005	143,575	135,435
Mexico	735	275	460	5,370	2,555	2,820	4,800	2,245	2,555	36,400	16,175	20,230
Cuba	365	175	190	1,325	685	640	1,340	685	660	8,345	4,275	4,070
Haiti	780	365	410	145	70	75	5,065	2,775	2,295	10,620	5,645	4,970
Jamaica	250	125	130	2,585	1,290	1,290	110	70	45	12,780	6,110	6,670
Brazil	1,450	680	770	8,995	4,170	4,825	3,765	1,800	1,960	40,050	18,445	21,605
Colombia	720	290	435	3,340	1,475	1,865	3,560	1,695	1,870	31,165	13,875	17,295
Peru	175	70	95	970	385	590	1,375	580	795	7,780	3,025	4,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	285	100	180	2,055	875	1,180	1,680	680	995	12,655	5,330	7,320
Other locations of study in Americas	1,180	515	665	8,310	3,960	4,355	4,265	1,995	2,270	45,000	21,575	23,425
Europe	18,820	9,640	9,180	74,860	37,145	37,705	68,060	36,130	31,930	543,725	281,205	262,520
Belgium	285	160	130	530	255	275	1,775	910	865	7,795	4,260	3,535
France	2,245	1,230	1,020	5,560	2,925	2,635	41,640	22,775	18,860	97,770	53,930	43,840
Germany	670	365	305	2,035	1,125	915	1,035	560	475	22,450	12,070	10,380
Netherlands	375	195	180	990	540	445	465	260	205	10,825	6,065	4,765
Switzerland	255	120	135	810	415	400	965	570	400	8,470	4,420	4,050
Hungary	160	65	100	1,035	515	520	195	105	95	5,160	2,465	2,700
Moldova¹⁸³	190	75	115	525	230	295	1,825	870	955	9,055	4,165	4,890
Poland	755	295	465	3,140	1,400	1,740	815	285	530	25,215	11,115	14,100
Romania	885	430	455	4,040	1,965	2,080	3,250	1,665	1,585	32,250	16,190	16,060
Russian Federation	1,385	665	720	6,665	2,950	3,720	2,410	1,105	1,305	36,095	16,250	19,845
Ukraine	995	475	520	6,705	3,040	3,670	2,045	895	1,150	36,405	16,635	19,775
Ireland⁹⁶	560	265	290	3,470	2,030	1,435	285	190	95	16,040	9,175	6,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,985	3,750	3,240	22,330	11,445	10,885	4,680	2,520	2,160	151,900	81,980	69,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	330	125	205	950	420	525	130	75	55	6,030	2,915	3,115
Italy	280	185	95	1,695	885	810	1,325	760	565	8,895	5,055	3,840
Serbia⁸⁶	320	155	160	2,530	1,215	1,310	115	40	75	8,745	4,470	4,280
Other locations of study in Europe	2,145	1,085	1,055	11,840	5,800	6,035	5,105	2,535	2,570	60,615	30,055	30,560
Africa	9,755	4,515	5,245	16,935	8,615	8,315	48,445	25,700	22,745	216,815	111,010	105,805
Nigeria	1,440	625	815	4,375	2,115	2,265	1,230	655	575	33,280	16,395	16,880
Algeria	715	275	440	355	180	175	19,210	9,980	9,230	33,230	17,020	16,210
Morocco	790	370	425	620	285	340	9,515	4,945	4,575	23,640	12,125	11,510
Tunisia	330	150	170	165	85	80	4,555	2,570	1,990	12,655	7,100	5,555
Egypt	1,870	880	990	2,370	1,275	1,100	3,025	1,615	1,410	30,255	15,145	15,115
South Africa, Republic of	505	265	245	1,630	855	775	250	110	145	19,060	9,900	9,160
Other locations of study in Africa	4,105	1,950	2,155	7,420	3,830	3,590	10,660	5,840	4,825	64,700	33,325	31,385
Asia	32,895	13,760	19,135	214,675	94,285	120,390	53,780	24,120	29,655	1,352,215	594,805	757,410
Iran⁸⁸	1,625	710	915	12,745	5,630	7,120	5,230	2,440	2,790	66,630	30,180	36,450
Iraq	875	475	400	1,590	805	785	330	180	150	16,515	8,250	8,265
Israel	405	200	210	1,820	940	880	520	285	235	11,355	5,725	5,630
Lebanon	1,850	830	1,030	1,600	765	830	4,185	2,105	2,075	19,565	9,355	10,210
Syria⁸⁹	1,110	510	595	1,330	600	730	3,120	1,480	1,640	16,405	7,885	8,520
Turkey	715	380	335	3,375	1,875	1,495	695	400	295	11,855	6,595	5,260
China⁹⁰	5,820	2,455	3,360	28,050	12,205	15,840	9,950	4,420	5,540	201,100	87,370	113,720
Taiwan	215	65	150	1,445	415	1,035	365	150	220	14,520	4,750	9,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	185	50	135	2,390	915	1,475	230	110	120	18,325	7,445	10,875
Japan	495	160	335	3,195	1,005	2,190	800	300	500	18,605	5,280	13,325
Korea, South⁹²	870	275	595	8,180	3,015	5,165	1,265	435	825	53,575	20,575	33,000
Philippines	4,625	1,505	3,115	54,175	18,860	35,315	8,890	2,860	6,030	305,795	115,370	190,420
Viet Nam	445	170	270	1,950	670	1,280	1,125	415	710	12,500	4,490	8,005
Bangladesh	935	385	560	10,280	4,740	5,540	2,020	1,065	955	25,000	11,360	13,645
Sri Lanka	365	155	210	4,275	1,905	2,375	645	240	410	15,085	7,090	7,995
India	7,625	3,530	4,095	57,290	29,835	27,460	9,500	4,925	4,575	405,850	199,380	206,475
Pakistan	1,530	640	890	10,330	5,065	5,260	1,165	575	590	75,155	35,055	40,100
Other locations of study in Asia	3,205	1,255	1,940	10,655	5,045	5,615	3,745	1,750	1,995	64,385	28,650	35,735
Oceania	1,495	720	775	5,840	2,920	2,920	1,305	730	575	47,960	24,495	23,460
Australia	1,245	610	640	5,000	2,490	2,510	1,095	610	490	38,525	19,270	19,250
New Zealand	250	110	135	795	410	385	165	100	70	7,785	4,300	3,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	45	20	25	50	25	20	1,655	930	730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	834,135	404,315	429,825	2,377,950	1,139,355	1,238,590	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
In the labour force	549,990	281,605	268,375	1,518,420	776,175	742,245	959,135	498,125	461,010	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070
Employed	493,140	254,615	238,530	1,308,110	675,505	632,610	859,920	445,255	414,665	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025
Unemployed	56,845	26,995	29,850	210,305	100,670	109,635	99,210	52,870	46,345	1,988,645	999,600	989,045
Not in the labour force	284,150	122,705	161,440	859,530	363,180	496,350	494,165	215,620	278,540	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605
Participation rate	65.9	69.6	62.4	63.9	68.1	59.9	66.0	69.8	62.3	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	59.1	63.0	55.5	55.0	59.3	51.1	59.2	62.4	56.1	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	10.3	9.6	11.1	13.9	13.0	14.8	10.3	10.6	10.1	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	834,135	404,315	429,825	2,377,945	1,139,350	1,238,595	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
Did not work¹⁸⁶	285,610	123,940	161,675	905,995	390,250	515,745	508,670	222,700	285,970	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170
Worked	548,525	280,380	268,150	1,471,950	749,100	722,850	944,630	491,050	453,580	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	321,175	174,010	147,165	791,335	426,490	364,845	464,805	252,405	212,400	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	227,350	106,370	120,985	680,620	322,610	358,010	479,820	238,645	241,180	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.9	41.4	40.2	41.0	39.4	39.7	40.1	39.2	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	549,985	281,610	268,380	1,518,420	776,170	742,245	959,130	498,125	461,010	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,025	6,770	7,255	54,835	25,700	29,135	28,560	13,975	14,585	486,865	237,950	248,915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	535,960	274,840	261,120	1,463,580	750,475	713,110	930,570	484,150	446,425	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
Employee	470,435	235,425	235,015	1,223,655	603,235	620,425	811,850	411,090	400,750	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375
Permanent position	386,980	196,595	190,390	1,020,130	508,550	511,585	661,995	340,865	321,135	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310
Temporary position	83,450	38,825	44,620	203,525	94,685	108,835	149,850	70,230	79,620	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30,765	14,135	16,635	82,620	37,450	45,170	63,645	28,710	34,935	867,740	386,965	480,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	52,685	24,695	27,990	120,905	57,235	63,670	86,205	41,520	44,685	1,804,030	885,740	918,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	65,530	39,420	26,110	239,925	147,240	92,690	118,725	73,050	45,670	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	549,985	281,610	268,380	1,518,420	776,170	742,245	959,130	498,125	461,010	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,025	6,770	7,255	54,835	25,700	29,135	28,560	13,975	14,585	486,865	237,950	248,915
All occupations¹⁹¹	535,960	274,840	261,120	1,463,580	750,475	713,110	930,570	484,150	446,425	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,485	5,575	2,910	24,775	16,880	7,895	14,540	10,000	4,545	254,760	177,450	77,315
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	109,065	38,740	70,325	315,270	123,350	191,920	180,355	69,570	110,785	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	81,345	60,350	20,990	159,770	114,560	45,210	101,555	76,005	25,555	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595
3 Health occupations	39,930	9,405	30,525	105,465	25,500	79,965	75,605	18,730	56,870	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	95,710	36,600	59,115	181,940	62,415	119,525	124,755	41,025	83,730	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,320	8,780	11,535	83,130	40,595	42,535	56,870	29,555	27,310	596,785	275,420	321,360
6 Sales and service occupations	114,705	57,375	57,330	350,245	166,460	183,780	234,485	120,480	114,005	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	54,825	49,335	5,480	175,505	157,380	18,120	98,535	89,140	9,395	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,320	4,160	1,160	8,350	6,800	1,550	5,025	3,855	1,170	541,235	416,960	124,270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,280	4,530	1,750	59,140	36,535	22,610	38,850	25,795	13,060	857,540	612,415	245,120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	549,985	281,610	268,380	1,518,420	776,170	742,245	959,130	498,125	461,010	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,025	6,770	7,255	54,835	25,700	29,135	28,560	13,975	14,585	486,865	237,950	248,915
All industries¹⁹¹	535,960	274,840	261,120	1,463,580	750,475	713,110	930,570	484,150	446,425	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,455	1,500	955	2,565	1,480	1,085	2,920	1,730	1,185	434,800	295,160	139,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	550	450	100	1,985	1,335	660	1,195	805	390	239,030	195,605	43,425
22 Utilities	1,605	1,110	495	6,115	4,075	2,040	5,150	3,245	1,905	147,750	109,475	38,270
23 Construction	28,080	23,870	4,210	83,035	72,070	10,965	33,445	28,300	5,150	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025
31-33 Manufacturing	16,225	11,435	4,795	97,580	63,450	34,135	76,115	51,395	24,725	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330
41 Wholesale trade	10,925	7,960	2,965	45,380	27,730	17,650	33,845	20,380	13,470	610,295	406,960	203,335
44-45 Retail trade	53,365	27,595	25,760	141,575	68,155	73,420	98,705	49,745	48,960	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	18,585	14,500	4,085	67,330	51,520	15,810	49,075	38,320	10,755	981,030	742,515	238,515
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,900	4,885	60,845	34,705	26,140	40,020	24,295	15,730	400,460	237,940	162,520
52 Finance and insurance	18,410	9,085	9,325	123,495	63,060	60,435	47,065	23,830	23,235	815,225	358,145	457,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,765	4,780	3,980	41,040	22,165	18,880	16,780	9,730	7,045	343,940	186,230	157,710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	61,835	38,045	23,790	205,880	114,915	90,965	113,755	65,950	47,800	1,571,160	877,780	693,380
55 Management of companies and enterprises	840	430	405	9,175	4,465	4,715	1,720	850	875	45,455	21,495	23,955
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,300	13,835	8,465	75,095	40,480	34,610	45,325	27,460	17,860	792,600	457,880	334,725
61 Educational services	42,010	13,800	28,210	107,480	37,805	69,670	84,380	31,030	53,350	1,413,320	436,645	976,670
62 Health care and social assistance	62,860	14,360	48,500	163,465	37,860	125,610	128,175	32,195	95,980	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,670	4,875	4,800	33,405	17,430	15,975	20,970	10,860	10,105	350,710	180,205	170,500
72 Accommodation and food services	27,965	13,895	14,075	82,155	40,030	42,130	53,745	29,185	24,555	1,085,270	478,000	607,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	20,510	8,790	11,725	61,015	23,190	37,825	39,595	16,105	23,490	797,935	373,775	424,165
91 Public administration	116,235	56,630	59,600	54,970	24,565	30,400	38,595	18,740	19,850	1,188,915	598,780	590,135
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	583,615	297,605	286,010	1,602,165	814,875	787,295	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
English	437,365	233,310	204,055	1,449,315	741,665	707,650	161,015	89,010	72,005	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855
French	13,590	4,735	8,855	3,430	1,010	2,420	399,340	197,680	201,660	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420
Non-official language	2,245	1,095	1,145	26,500	13,755	12,735	7,340	3,600	3,735	169,205	89,515	79,685
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,935	3,590	3,345
Non-Indigenous	2,245	1,095	1,145	26,495	13,755	12,735	7,330	3,600	3,725	162,265	85,925	76,345
English and French	115,695	51,425	64,275	29,995	12,340	17,655	405,305	214,915	190,385	1,682,510	859,635	822,870
English and non-official language(s)	11,465	5,565	5,900	87,670	43,410	44,255	10,790	6,090	4,695	570,220	291,000	279,220
French and non-official language(s)	165	75	85	70	30	40	7,145	3,405	3,745	20,935	9,955	10,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,015	1,360	1,660	3,010	1,500	1,515	25,465	12,730	12,735	69,340	34,190	35,145
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	2,175	1,160	1,020	420	260	160	11,265	5,960	5,305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	583,615	297,605	286,010	1,602,165	814,875	787,295	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
Single responses	562,790	288,185	274,600	1,580,025	804,355	775,670	908,980	471,095	437,880	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810
Official languages	558,345	286,135	272,210	1,533,090	780,510	752,575	895,835	464,520	431,315	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175
English	532,150	276,455	255,690	1,525,910	778,320	747,595	286,010	155,790	130,215	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105
French	26,195	9,675	16,520	7,180	2,195	4,980	609,825	308,725	301,095	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070
Non-official languages	4,445	2,055	2,395	46,940	23,845	23,095	13,145	6,580	6,565	310,455	161,825	148,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	10	15	0	15	20	0	20	19,435	9,725	9,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	1,585	830	755
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	695	340	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	15	10	0	0	0	15	0	15	6,630	3,200	3,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	20	15	10	0	0	0	15	0	15	6,605	3,200	3,405
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	4,425	2,040	2,385	46,925	23,845	23,085	13,120	6,580	6,545	291,025	152,095	138,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	795	410	385	1,075	620	455	1,295	720	575	9,265	5,300	3,955
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	45	35	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	120	55	70	0	0	0	415	185	235
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Somali	55	25	30	110	40	70	0	0	0	365	155	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	745	390	355	950	565	385	1,275	710	570	8,785	5,080	3,705
Amharic	10	0	10	40	25	20	0	0	0	215	95	120
Arabic	730	380	350	570	330	235	1,190	670	520	7,190	4,250	2,940
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	155	115	40	0	0	0	460	325	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	120	95	30	0	0	0	330	240	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	25	0	0	0	0	90	70	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hebrew	10	10	0	145	70	75	70	30	40	585	240	340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	30	25	10	0	0	0	325	165	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	85	95	1,305	590	705	1,220	535	685	9,770	4,135	5,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	20	10	10	175	70	100	495	215	285
Vietnamese	175	80	90	1,285	585	695	1,045	460	585	9,260	3,905	5,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	880	405	470	120	60	55	4,760	2,180	2,580
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	35	15	15	10	10	0	165	90	70
Indonesian	20	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	790	370	420	90	50	45	4,205	1,895	2,310
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	15	0	10	50	30	20
Creole languages	25	10	15	10	10	0	210	95	110	390	185	210
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0	210	95	110	375	170	205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	1,310	625	685	80	25	55	3,010	1,410	1,605
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	15	0	10	35	20	20	10	0	10	250	140	110
Tamil	10	0	10	1,260	600	660	75	25	45	2,685	1,255	1,425
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	70	15	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	35	25	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Indo-European languages	1,365	595	770	14,165	7,610	6,555	6,260	3,210	3,055	112,395	64,055	48,335
Albanian	0	0	0	105	55	50	10	0	0	315	170	140
Armenian	0	0	0	145	60	85	80	60	25	530	295	235
Balto-Slavic languages	255	75	185	2,190	1,010	1,185	550	180	370	10,085	4,390	5,695
Baltic languages	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0	95	15	75
Latvian	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	50	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	45	10	40
Slavic languages	255	75	185	2,145	1,000	1,145	550	180	370	9,995	4,375	5,620
Bulgarian	10	10	0	30	15	10	15	0	15	145	55	90
Czech	10	0	10	15	0	10	0	0	0	105	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	25	0	20	385	175	215	90	30	65	2,265	1,000	1,265
Russian	180	50	130	1,100	500	605	385	130	250	5,240	2,085	3,155
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	120	55	70	10	0	0	835	485	355
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65
Serbian	10	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0	555	310	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	440	215	230	35	10	25	1,265	620	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	130	45	90	245	100	150	825	405	425	14,250	8,060	6,190
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	90	25	65	195	90	110	790	385	405	10,480	5,695	4,790
German	90	25	65	150	55	95	95	65	35	6,615	3,655	2,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135
Yiddish	0	0	0	50	35	15	695	325	375	1,050	520	530
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0	15	35	0	35	10	0	10	3,540	2,245	1,290
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40
Dutch	20	0	10	35	0	30	10	0	10	965	515	440
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	15	10	10	25	15	15	190	100	85
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	55	30	25
Swedish	10	10	0	10	10	0	15	0	0	90	45	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	10	0	10	230	130	105	175	55	120	875	445	430
Indo-Iranian languages	355	190	165	3,580	1,930	1,650	1,695	935	755	55,455	32,965	22,490
Indo-Aryan languages	210	105	100	1,935	1,035	905	1,405	760	650	48,020	28,910	19,100
Bengali	20	15	0	325	155	165	85	25	55	645	290	355
Gujarati	15	10	0	305	160	145	20	0	20	1,115	515	600
Hindi	50	30	15	200	95	105	120	55	60	2,235	1,145	1,090
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Marathi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	275	125	145
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	40	585	380	210	1,080	615	465	40,840	25,480	15,365
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25
Urdu	45	15	30	455	220	235	100	55	45	2,725	1,265	1,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iranian languages	145	80	65	1,640	895	745	285	175	110	7,430	4,045	3,385
Kurdish	15	10	0	40	35	0	0	0	0	175	145	35
Pashto	0	0	0	50	30	20	25	20	0	130	70	60
Persian languages	125	65	60	1,540	830	710	255	150	105	7,110	3,825	3,285
Dari	30	0	25	115	80	35	20	10	10	800	445	360
Iranian Persian	85	50	35	1,305	665	635	225	130	95	5,715	2,980	2,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	120	75	45	10	10	0	595	400	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	290	310	7,675	4,335	3,340	2,925	1,575	1,355	30,795	17,685	13,105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	40	35	10	425	175	245	310	160	150	1,625	730	900
Portuguese	135	50	85	3,740	2,330	1,410	245	90	155	6,970	4,070	2,895
Romanian	10	0	0	55	25	30	80	50	30	680	375	310
Spanish	420	210	210	3,460	1,800	1,655	2,290	1,265	1,025	21,455	12,465	8,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	40	10	30	695	260	435	125	25	105	3,560	1,225	2,340
Korean	165	60	105	2,715	1,325	1,395	240	100	145	14,345	7,125	7,225
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	20	20	0	70	25	40	45	25	15	410	210	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	20	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	30	15	10	10	10	0	150	95	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages	40	25	15	120	50	70	85	30	55	2,010	795	1,210
American Sign Language	35	25	10	115	50	65	15	10	10	1,590	620	970
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	285	110	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,550	735	820	23,815	11,910	11,905	3,325	1,700	1,635	128,375	64,180	64,190
Chinese languages	1,540	725	815	23,730	11,870	11,865	3,325	1,700	1,635	128,045	63,990	64,055
Hakka	0	0	0	20	10	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	1,085	490	595	14,385	7,265	7,120	2,100	1,110	995	76,040	37,760	38,280
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	30	30	60	25	40	485	210	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	435	220	210	9,100	4,500	4,600	1,140	550	590	50,950	25,725	25,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	145	55	90	25	15	10	460	240	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	295	175	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	110	60	50	15	0	10	765	310	450
Lao	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	80	30	50
Thai	40	15	25	95	60	35	15	0	10	670	275	395
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkic languages	95	35	55	460	245	210	85	45	30	1,345	695	650
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Turkish	95	35	55	440	240	200	80	50	30	1,270	660	615
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	20	0	20	165	75	90	15	0	15	485	215	270
Estonian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	70	15	50
Finnish	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	90	25	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	100	60	40	15	0	10	330	170	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	20,825	9,420	11,405	22,140	10,515	11,625	107,830	56,590	51,240	453,880	231,205	222,675
English and French	18,230	8,230	10,005	4,655	1,835	2,820	99,075	52,050	47,030	321,975	163,305	158,675
English and non-official language(s)	2,210	1,020	1,185	16,820	8,365	8,450	3,105	1,760	1,350	115,955	60,210	55,745
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	15	0	10	2,345	1,085	1,255	6,280	2,795	3,485
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	125	155	240	125	110	3,255	1,680	1,575	7,405	3,795	3,605
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	420	190	230	45	10	35	2,265	1,100	1,165
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	583,615	297,605	286,010	1,602,165	814,875	787,295	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
None	473,205	248,225	224,975	1,498,610	765,630	732,975	667,690	342,985	324,705	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935
English	14,330	5,680	8,650	19,980	9,170	10,810	201,200	106,725	94,480	902,625	474,755	427,875
French	85,670	38,575	47,095	22,095	9,555	12,540	115,950	61,585	54,365	589,755	288,955	300,800
Non-official language	7,275	3,615	3,655	48,965	24,500	24,465	14,925	7,790	7,135	331,375	168,035	163,335
Indigenous³⁹	185	80	105	55	25	35	65	20	45	18,190	7,740	10,450
Non-Indigenous	7,085	3,535	3,550	48,905	24,475	24,430	14,860	7,770	7,095	313,185	160,295	152,885
English and French	100	45	60	50	25	25	1,155	540	610	2,940	1,445	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	225	100	135	2,320	1,055	1,260	8,605	4,110	4,490	33,125	15,680	17,445
French and non-official language(s)	1,885	890	995	2,260	1,125	1,135	5,480	2,970	2,510	22,615	11,475	11,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25	25	0	165	85	80	360	210	150
Multiple non-official languages	920	465	450	7,875	3,790	4,085	1,645	895	745	50,740	25,425	25,315
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	493,140	254,615	238,530	1,308,110	675,505	632,605	859,920	445,255	414,665	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020
Worked at home	215,705	104,575	111,125	510,240	245,515	264,720	260,415	132,065	128,355	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705
Worked outside Canada	1,745	1,125	620	6,395	3,990	2,410	2,775	1,725	1,045	58,335	40,295	18,035
No fixed workplace address	43,070	32,430	10,645	142,290	102,345	39,945	81,290	57,160	24,130	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415
Usual place of work	232,625	116,485	116,145	649,185	323,655	325,525	515,440	254,310	261,130	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	232,625	116,485	116,140	649,185	323,655	325,525	515,440	254,310	261,135	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	219,180	108,995	110,185	514,695	239,280	275,405	413,515	195,935	217,580	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,495	24,705	21,790	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,025	3,980	3,045	132,960	83,500	49,460	53,810	32,610	21,200	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285
Commute to a different province or territory	6,420	3,510	2,910	1,530	870	665	1,620	1,060	565	98,060	60,210	37,850
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	275,700	148,915	126,785	791,470	426,000	365,475	596,730	311,465	285,265	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Car, truck or van	211,755	118,880	92,880	482,480	293,140	189,340	338,295	197,990	140,305	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825
Car, truck or van - as a driver	190,190	110,600	79,585	424,985	273,250	151,745	313,045	188,685	124,360	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	21,565	8,275	13,290	57,490	19,890	37,595	25,245	9,300	15,940	844,155	343,100	501,050
Public transit	31,015	14,075	16,940	207,680	84,505	123,170	169,380	71,050	98,330	1,000,510	422,270	578,235
Walked	19,395	9,065	10,335	60,615	26,845	33,770	57,390	24,650	32,735	672,815	296,610	376,205
Bicycle	4,260	2,850	1,410	15,750	10,310	5,445	20,425	11,990	8,430	138,615	92,195	46,415
Other method	9,265	4,045	5,220	24,945	11,195	13,750	11,255	5,785	5,470	285,820	144,225	141,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	275,700	148,915	126,785	791,470	426,000	365,475	596,730	311,465	285,265	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Less than 15 minutes	74,060	36,900	37,160	130,355	65,125	65,225	106,580	52,520	54,070	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185
15 to 29 minutes	116,260	63,410	52,850	251,795	135,775	116,025	211,950	113,835	98,115	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285
30 to 44 minutes	55,365	32,310	23,060	222,015	126,665	95,345	161,385	87,950	73,435	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670
45 to 59 minutes	15,975	8,700	7,280	88,655	46,465	42,190	62,880	30,620	32,255	910,610	542,485	368,125
60 minutes and over	14,030	7,595	6,435	98,655	51,970	46,690	53,935	26,540	27,400	926,120	599,115	327,005
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	275,700	148,915	126,785	791,470	426,000	365,475	596,730	311,465	285,265	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,400	10,510	3,890	43,645	31,190	12,445	35,870	26,330	9,540	938,820	701,960	236,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	48,325	29,145	19,185	113,320	69,900	43,420	86,515	50,895	35,625	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	71,860	36,380	35,475	167,655	86,135	81,520	147,765	69,890	77,880	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60,385	29,850	30,540	181,860	87,770	94,085	130,185	59,500	70,680	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	37,570	18,985	18,575	148,245	73,580	74,670	93,190	44,255	48,935	1,661,340	740,915	920,430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	43,155	24,040	19,120	136,755	77,420	59,330	103,205	60,595	42,610	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	206,290	105,040	101,250	471,030	241,970	229,065	321,810	164,440	157,375	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	72,675	36,680	35,995	45,395	23,075	22,320	80,715	41,690	39,030	897,205	456,120	441,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	133,615	68,365	65,250	425,635	218,895	206,740	241,095	122,750	118,345	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	153,795	78,500	75,295	339,085	174,355	164,730	226,825	115,930	110,890	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55,250	27,845	27,405	34,720	17,580	17,140	60,615	31,295	29,320	682,190	346,420	335,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	41,170	20,350	20,820	22,430	11,100	11,330	48,760	25,220	23,545	467,685	234,475	233,215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	14,085	7,495	6,585	12,290	6,480	5,810	11,855	6,080	5,775	214,500	111,950	102,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	98,550	50,655	47,890	304,365	156,775	147,590	166,210	84,635	81,575	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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