Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Qikiqtaaluk, Region (REG)More information: Nunavut [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,355
Population, 2016¹	18,988
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.9
Total private dwellings²	6,573
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,530
Population density per square kilometre	0.0
Land area in square kilometres	970,554.61
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,355
0 to 14 years	6,155
0 to 4 years	2,230
5 to 9 years	1,975
10 to 14 years	1,945
15 to 64 years	12,420
15 to 19 years	1,535
20 to 24 years	1,410
25 to 29 years	1,610
30 to 34 years	1,605
35 to 39 years	1,380
40 to 44 years	1,205
45 to 49 years	1,060
50 to 54 years	1,090
55 to 59 years	870
60 to 64 years	655
65 years and over	780
65 to 69 years	390
70 to 74 years	235
75 to 79 years	85
80 to 84 years	30
85 years and over	35
85 to 89 years	25
90 to 94 years	10
95 to 99 years	0
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	31.8
15 to 64 years	64.2
65 years and over	4.0
85 years and over	0.2
Average age of the population	28.7
Median age of the population	26.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,530
Single-detached house	2,140
Semi-detached house	590
Row house	1,600
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,070
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	100
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,530
1 person	1,190
2 persons	1,195
3 persons	770
4 persons	765
5 or more persons	1,605
Number of persons in private households	19,220
Average household size	3.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,200
Married or living common-law	6,545
Married	3,050
Living common-law	3,490
Living common law - Never married	3,280
Living common law - Separated	50
Living common law - Divorced	130
Living common law - Widowed	25
Not married and not living common-law	6,655
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,735
Not married and not living common law - Separated	250
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	315
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	365
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,745
2 persons	1,700
3 persons	1,050
4 persons	895
5 or more persons	1,095
Average size of census families	3.5
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,745
Total couple families	3,175
Married couples	1,430
With children⁶	1,050
Without children	375
Common-law couples	1,750
With children⁶	1,305
Without children	445
Total one-parent families	1,575
in which the parent is a woman+	1,105
in which the parent is a man+	465
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,220
Total - Persons in census families	16,530
Married spouses or common-law partners	6,350
Parents in one-parent families	1,570
Children⁶	8,610
In a two-parent family	5,845
In a one-parent family	2,760
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,690
Living alone	1,195
Living with other relatives⁷	1,005
Living with non-relatives only	495
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,530
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,005
Couple-family households	2,245
With children⁶	1,660
Without children	585
One-parent-family households	760
Multigenerational households⁸	655
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	305
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	280
One-person households	1,190
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,645
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,645
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,580
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,660
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,580
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	955
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,965
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,645
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,645
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,150
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,580
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,650
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,665
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	955
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,970
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,065
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,785
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	102,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,595
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	79.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,070
Without total income	420
With total income	12,650
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990
$10,000 to $19,999	1,555
$20,000 to $29,999	1,540
$30,000 to $39,999	1,060
$40,000 to $49,999	825
$50,000 to $59,999	625
$60,000 to $69,999	455
$70,000 to $79,999	445
$80,000 to $89,999	530
$90,000 to $99,999	460
$100,000 and over	3,165
$100,000 to $149,999	2,285
$150,000 and over	880
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,070
Without after-tax income	420
With after-tax income	12,650
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990
$10,000 to $19,999	1,585
$20,000 to $29,999	1,645
$30,000 to $39,999	1,150
$40,000 to $49,999	885
$50,000 to $59,999	670
$60,000 to $69,999	645
$70,000 to $79,999	620
$80,000 to $89,999	650
$90,000 to $99,999	700
$100,000 and over	2,105
$100,000 to $124,999	1,330
$125,000 and over	775
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,070
Without employment income	3,405
With employment income	9,660
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,565
$5,000 to $9,999	765
$10,000 to $19,999	935
$20,000 to $29,999	640
$30,000 to $39,999	455
$40,000 to $49,999	405
$50,000 to $59,999	395
$60,000 to $69,999	370
$70,000 to $79,999	415
$80,000 to $89,999	480
$90,000 to $99,999	410
$100,000 and over	2,830
$100,000 to $124,999	1,245
$125,000 and over	1,585
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,900
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,330
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,715
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	985
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,905
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,905
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,325
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,930
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,715
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,065
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,755
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,440
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4
Employment income (%)	84.4
Government transfers (%)	11.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,530
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,190
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,335
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,530
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	142,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	121,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,190
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	89,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,340
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,530
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	60
$10,000 to $14,999	85
$15,000 to $19,999	65
$20,000 to $24,999	100
$25,000 to $29,999	120
$30,000 to $34,999	135
$35,000 to $39,999	80
$40,000 to $44,999	140
$45,000 to $49,999	100
$50,000 to $59,999	240
$60,000 to $69,999	270
$70,000 to $79,999	225
$80,000 to $89,999	265
$90,000 to $99,999	230
$100,000 and over	3,375
$100,000 to $124,999	675
$125,000 to $149,999	610
$150,000 to $199,999	795
$200,000 and over	1,295
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,530
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	60
$10,000 to $14,999	85
$15,000 to $19,999	70
$20,000 to $24,999	105
$25,000 to $29,999	130
$30,000 to $34,999	125
$35,000 to $39,999	100
$40,000 to $44,999	120
$45,000 to $49,999	125
$50,000 to $59,999	265
$60,000 to $69,999	325
$70,000 to $79,999	270
$80,000 to $89,999	300
$90,000 to $99,999	365
$100,000 and over	3,030
$100,000 to $124,999	810
$125,000 to $149,999	560
$150,000 and over	1,660
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,180
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000
Average family size of economic families	4.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	610
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	198,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,295
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.2
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,065
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	79,500
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,500
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,180
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	610
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	199,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,295
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,060
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,690
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	82,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,225
0 to 17 years	7,090
0 to 5 years	2,620
18 to 64 years	11,365
65 years and over	765
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,740
0 to 17 years	1,310
0 to 5 years	500
18 to 64 years	1,350
65 years and over	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	19.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9
65 years and over (%)	10.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x
65 years and over (%)	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,225
In bottom half of the distribution	9,145
In bottom decile	2,300
In second decile	2,255
In third decile	1,645
In fourth decile	1,410
In fifth decile	1,535
In top half of the distribution	10,080
In sixth decile	1,395
In seventh decile	1,470
In eighth decile	1,605
In ninth decile	1,840
In top decile	3,770
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,220
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.510
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.342
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,230
English only	16,530
French only	55
English and French	1,180
Neither English nor French	1,465
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,230
English	17,195
French	520
English and French	85
Neither English nor French	1,440
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,230
Single responses	18,020
Official languages	4,915
English	4,455
French	465
Non-official languages	13,100
Indigenous languages³⁹	12,540
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,530
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5
Inuinnaqtun	5
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	12,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	20
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	165
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	15
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	180
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	30
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	10
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	25
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	40
Indo-Aryan languages	40
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	5
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	5
Spanish	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	65
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,215
English and French	85
English and non-official language(s)	1,085
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,230
English	4,445
French	225
Non-official language	7,135
Indigenous³⁹	7,070
Non-Indigenous	65
English and French	295
English and non-official language(s)	7,000
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	90
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,230
Single responses	17,580
Official languages	6,775
English	6,455
French	320
Non-official languages	10,800
Indigenous languages³⁹	10,600
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10,585
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	15
Arabic	5
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	80
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	55
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	5
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	5
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20
Indo-Aryan languages	20
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	0
Romanian	5
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,655
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	1,555
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,230
None	13,415
English	3,700
French	165
Non-official language	1,840
Indigenous³⁹	1,615
Non-Indigenous	225
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	20
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	35
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,225
Official languages	17,755
English	17,700
French	1,240
Non-official languages	15,175
Indigenous languages³⁹	14,280
Algonquian languages	25
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	15
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	14,270
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10
Inuinnaqtun	10
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	14,270
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	965
Afro-Asiatic languages	90
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	80
Amharic	20
Arabic	55
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	220
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	30
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	15
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	405
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	40
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	70
Frisian	0
High German languages	55
German	55
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	65
Indo-Aryan languages	60
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	10
Hindi	30
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	240
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	15
Romanian	10
Spanish	210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	135
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	10
Mwani	0
Ndebele	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	50
Chinese languages	50
Hakka	10
Mandarin	30
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,225
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,415
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,275
First Nations (North American Indian)	120
Métis	80
Inuk (Inuit)	15,075
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30
Non-Indigenous identity	3,810
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,225
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	75
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,150
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,530
Owner	1,050
Renter	4,480
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,530
Condominium	505
Not condominium	5,025
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,530
No bedrooms	35
1 bedroom	855
2 bedrooms	2,065
3 bedrooms	1,705
4 or more bedrooms	865
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,530
1 to 4 rooms	2,855
5 rooms	1,125
6 rooms	820
7 rooms	375
8 or more rooms	350
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,530
One person or fewer per room	4,415
More than one person per room	1,115
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,530
Suitable	3,945
Not suitable	1,585
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,530
1960 or before	125
1961 to 1980	1,070
1981 to 1990	950
1991 to 2000	1,210
2001 to 2005	535
2006 to 2010	575
2011 to 2015	580
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	475
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,530
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,300
Major repairs needed	1,225
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,530
One-maintainer household	3,525
Two-maintainer household	1,770
Three-or-more-maintainer household	235
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,530
15 to 24 years	175
25 to 34 years	1,190
35 to 44 years	1,430
45 to 54 years	1,290
55 to 64 years	980
65 to 74 years	365
75 to 84 years	75
85 years and over	25
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,520
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,140
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	380
30% to less than 100%	305
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,530
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,585
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	285
Not suitable only	1,035
Major repairs needed only	670
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	500
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	2,945
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,450
In core need	1,605
Not in core need	3,840
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,050
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1
% in core housing need⁶³	12.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,240
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,212
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	483,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,480
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	84.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.6
% in core housing need⁶³	33.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	705
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	964
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,220
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	13,565
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	13,505
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	105
Métis single ancestry	20
Inuit single ancestry	13,385
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	50
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,875
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,825
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,600
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,780
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,220
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,895
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,060
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,835
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	325
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,220
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,330
Immigrants⁸¹	825
Before 1980	80
1980 to 1990	45
1991 to 2000	85
2001 to 2010	295
2011 to 2021⁸²	325
2011 to 2015	155
2016 to 2021	165
Non-permanent residents⁸³	65
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	825
Under 5 years	75
5 to 14 years	125
15 to 24 years	120
25 to 44 years	430
45 years and over	70
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	825
Americas	130
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	10
Jamaica	20
Mexico	10
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	40
Other places of birth in Americas	35
Europe	120
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	10
Germany	10
Greece	0
Hungary	0
Italy	0
Netherlands	0
Poland	10
Portugal	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40
Other places of birth in Europe	10
Africa	240
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	10
Nigeria	45
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other places of birth in Africa	150
Asia	335
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	10
Taiwan	0
Philippines	195
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	35
Pakistan	25
Sri Lanka	10
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170
Americas	20
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	0
United States of America	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	10
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	55
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	0
Nigeria	10
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15
Asia	75
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	15
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	40
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	10
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,225
First generation¹⁰⁰	935
Second generation¹⁰¹	755
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,535
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	745
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	420
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	220
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	215
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	745
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	485
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,225
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	980
South Asian	105
Chinese	50
Black	435
Filipino	230
Arab	35
Latin American	50
Southeast Asian	15
West Asian	0
Korean	10
Japanese	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15
Multiple visible minorities	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,245
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,220
Canadian	605
English	975
Irish	1,110
Scottish	1,285
French, n.o.s.¹²²	660
German	430
Chinese	55
Italian	120
Indian (India)	50
Ukrainian	95
Dutch	135
Polish	100
Québécois	55
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	190
Filipino	235
French Canadian	125
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	310
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	60
Métis	80
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240
Russian	70
Norwegian	90
Welsh	125
Portuguese	45
American	65
Spanish	45
Swedish	60
Hungarian	45
Acadian	70
Pakistani	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115
Jewish	40
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10
Greek	20
Jamaican	50
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65
Korean	15
Romanian	10
Lebanese	30
Iranian	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40
Danish	35
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40
Sikh	0
Austrian	15
Belgian	15
Haitian	25
Hindu	0
Mexican	20
Mennonite	15
Swiss	25
Finnish	35
Sri Lankan	10
Croatian	20
Japanese	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20
Muslim	0
Egyptian	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	20
Icelandic	10
Colombian	10
Moroccan	0
Czech	0
Syrian	10
Guyanese	10
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50
Serbian	0
Ojibway	15
Newfoundlander	65
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	10
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15,020
Bangladeshi	10
Algerian	0
Brazilian	10
Nigerian	30
Armenian	0
Slovak	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10
Lithuanian	0
South African	15
Australian	10
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	10
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50
Latvian	10
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	45
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	10
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	10
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	10
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	10
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	10
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10
Malaysian	10
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	10
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	30
Burmese	0
Mongolian	20
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	15
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	10
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20
Igorot	10
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	10
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	15
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,225
Buddhist	10
Christian	13,485
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,025
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	8,945
Baptist	70
Catholic	2,615
Christian Orthodox	30
Jehovah's Witness	30
Latter Day Saints	15
Lutheran	15
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	340
Presbyterian	30
Reformed	0
United Church	125
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	200
Hindu	35
Jewish	25
Muslim	95
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	90
Other religions and spiritual traditions	110
No religion and secular perspectives	5,370
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,730
Non-movers	16,600
Movers	2,130
Non-migrants	1,380
Migrants	755
Internal migrants	740
Intraprovincial migrants	260
Interprovincial migrants	475
External migrants	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,990
Non-movers	10,835
Movers	6,155
Non-migrants	3,645
Migrants	2,510
Internal migrants	2,355
Intraprovincial migrants	840
Interprovincial migrants	1,510
External migrants	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,065
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,640
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,425
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,370
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,090
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,285
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,040
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,535
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,675
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,880
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,860
Bachelor's degree	1,145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20
Master's degree	530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,530
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,370
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	515
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	225
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,750
Bachelor's degree	1,060
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25
Master's degree	505
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,535
Education	505
13. Education	505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20
50. Visual and performing arts	120
Humanities	205
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75
23. English language and literature/letters	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15
54. History	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125
22. Legal professions and studies	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30
42. Psychology	50
45. Social sciences	185
Business, management and public administration	1,025
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	885
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	695
04. Architecture and related services	25
14. Engineering	80
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	250
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	125
48. Precision production	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	135
Health and related fields	445
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	390
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	395
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	190
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,250
Education	460
13. Education	460
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15
50. Visual and performing arts	105
Humanities	175
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70
23. English language and literature/letters	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	10
54. History	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	635
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120
22. Legal professions and studies	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	45
45. Social sciences	170
Business, management and public administration	955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	825
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	630
04. Architecture and related services	25
14. Engineering	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	160
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	230
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110
48. Precision production	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	115
Health and related fields	405
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	355
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	355
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	170
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,120
Location of study inside Canada	3,660
Same as province or territory of residence	1,355
Different than province or territory of residence	2,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	460
Americas	90
United States of America	70
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	100
Belgium	10
France	10
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25
Africa	80
Nigeria	25
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	45
Asia	170
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	10
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	115
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	25
Pakistan	10
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	15
Australia	15
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,070
In the labour force	7,930
Employed	6,820
Unemployed	1,110
Not in the labour force	5,135
Participation rate	60.7
Employment rate	52.2
Unemployment rate	14.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,070
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,240
Worked	7,825
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,955
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,870
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,935
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,460
Employee	7,145
Permanent position	5,160
Temporary position	1,990
Fixed term (1 year or more)	560
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,430
Self-employed¹⁹²	315
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,935
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,460
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,475
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	320
3 Health occupations	290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,750
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	310
6 Sales and service occupations	1,620
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,290
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	105
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,935
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470
All industries¹⁹¹	7,460
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130
22 Utilities	160
23 Construction	325
31-33 Manufacturing	45
41 Wholesale trade	45
44-45 Retail trade	820
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	310
51 Information and cultural industries	100
52 Finance and insurance	45
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	225
61 Educational services	800
62 Health care and social assistance	655
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	165
72 Accommodation and food services	210
81 Other services (except public administration)	175
91 Public administration	2,740
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,620
English	4,260
French	30
Non-official language	645
Indigenous³⁹	645
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	245
English and non-official language(s)	3,405
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,620
Single responses	7,530
Official languages	5,570
English	5,510
French	60
Non-official languages	1,965
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,965
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	1,955
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	1,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,085
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	1,060
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,620
None	6,015
English	1,335
French	200
Non-official language	1,035
Indigenous³⁹	1,030
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,820
Worked at home	710
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	585
Usual place of work	5,525
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,525
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	45
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,105
Car, truck or van	3,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,530
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,010
Public transit	40
Walked	2,010
Bicycle	10
Other method	510
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,105
Less than 15 minutes	5,190
15 to 29 minutes	750
30 to 44 minutes	80
45 to 59 minutes	15
60 minutes and over	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	135
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	345
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,025
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,375
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	615
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	605
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,200
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	400
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,805
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,820
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	265
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,555

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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